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Liu S, Mao X, Chen H, Zhu X, Yang G. Catalytic-CO 2-Desorption Studies of BZA-AEP Mixed Absorbent by the Lewis Acid Catalyst CeO 2-γ-Al 2O 3. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114438. [PMID: 37298914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional organic amines exhibit inferior desorption performance and high regeneration energy consumption. The implementation of solid acid catalysts presents an efficacious approach to mitigate regeneration energy consumption. Thus, investigating high-performance solid acid catalysts holds paramount importance for the advancement and implementation of carbon capture technology. This study synthesized two Lewis acid catalysts via an ultrasonic-assisted precipitation method. A comparative analysis of the catalytic desorption properties was conducted, encompassing these two Lewis acid catalysts and three precursor catalysts. The results demonstrated that the CeO2-γ-Al2O3 catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic desorption performance. Within the desorption temperature range of 90 to 110 °C, the average desorption rate of BZA-AEP catalyzed by the CeO2-γ-Al2O3 catalyst was 87 to 354% greater compared to the desorption rate in the absence of the catalyst, and the desorption temperature can be reduced by approximately 10 °C. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic desorption mechanism of the CeO2-γ-Al2O3 catalyst was conducted, and indicated that the synergistic effect of CeO2-γ-Al2O3 conferred a potent catalytic influence throughout the entire desorption process, spanning from the rich solution to the lean solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xudong Mao
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xinbo Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Guohua Yang
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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2
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Mbarek WB, Escoda L, Saurina J, Pineda E, Alminderej FM, Khitouni M, Suñol JJ. Nanomaterials as a Sustainable Choice for Treating Wastewater: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8576. [PMID: 36500069 PMCID: PMC9737022 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of dyes from textile effluents utilizing advanced wastewater treatment methods with high efficiency and low cost has received substantial attention due to the rise in pollutants in water. The purpose of this work is to give a comprehensive analysis of the different treatments for removing chemical dyes from textile effluents. The capability and potential of conventional treatments for the degradation of dyeing compounds in aqueous media, as well as the influence of multiple parameters, such as the pH solution, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, are presented in this study. This study is an overview of the scientific research literature on this topic, including nanoreductive and nanophotocatalyst processes, as well as nanoadsorbents and nanomembranes. For the purpose of treating sewage, the special properties of nanoparticles are currently being carefully researched. The ability of nanomaterials to remove organic matter, fungus, and viruses from wastewater is another benefit. Nanomaterials are employed in advanced oxidation techniques to clean wastewater. Additionally, because of their small dimensions, nanoparticles have a wide effective area of contact. Due to this, nanoparticles' adsorption and reactivity are powerful. The improvement of nanomaterial technology will be beneficial for the treatment of wastewater. This report also offers a thorough review of the distinctive properties of nanomaterials used in wastewater treatment, as well as their appropriate application and future possibilities. Since only a few types of nanomaterials have been produced, it is also important to focus on their technological feasibility in addition to their economic feasibility. According to this study, nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant adsorption area, efficient chemical reactions, and electrical conductivity that help treat wastewater effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Ben Mbarek
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluisa Escoda
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Joan Saurina
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Eloi Pineda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Energy Technologies, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Khitouni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joan-Josep Suñol
- Department of Physics, Campus Montilivi s/n, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Ghamari Kargar P, Bagherzade G, Beyzaei H, Arghavani S. BioMOF-Mn: An Antimicrobial Agent and an Efficient Nanocatalyst for Domino One-Pot Preparation of Xanthene Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10678-10693. [PMID: 35793458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new Mn-based metal-organic framework [UoB-6] was obtained via a one-step ultrasonic irradiation method with the ligand (H2bdda: 4,4'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))dibenzoic acid. The structural integrity of the synthesized BioMOF-Mn was corroborated by FT-IR, EDX, ICP, XRD, TEM, DLS, FESEM, and BET-BJH analyses. The aerobic oxidative domino reaction of benzyl alcohols or aldehydes with dimedone derivatives was performed in the presence of the UoB-6 catalyst to produce xanthene derivatives in good yields. Hot filtration and Hg poisoning tests proved the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst. Novel synthesized xanthene-based bis-aldehydes were introduced as potent HDAC1 inhibitors according to molecular docking calculations. Finally, the inhibitory activities of Mn-MOF nanoparticles were evaluated on Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values were determined from 2048 to 4096 μg·mL-1 according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents can be exacerbated when loaded on BioMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Ghamari Kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol 98615-538, Iran
| | - Soheila Arghavani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand 97175-615, Iran
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Optimization and biosynthesis of calcined chicken eggshell doped titanium dioxide photocatalyst based nanoparticles for wastewater treatment. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study presents, biosynthesis of calcinated eggshell (CES) doped with Titanium dioxide (TiO2,) photocatalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue from synthetic wastewater. The influence of three independent variables for improving photodegradation efficiency was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology of Box–Behnken Design on the removal of methylene blue using the calcined chicken eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide. The experimental result showed that 95.8% degradation efficiency of methylene blue by prepared photocatalyst at a contact time of 180 min, initial concentration of methylene blue of 10 ppm, and calcined eggshells (CES) doped with titanium dioxide dose of 2.5 g/L. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer and UV–vis Spectroscopy for determined their functional group, structure, and bandgap energy respectively. Their results depict the calcined eggshell doped with titanium dioxide photocatalyst is a promising option for the degradation of methylene blue from industrial wastewater under the stated condition.
Highlights
Analysis of chicken eggshell wastes are being used as photocatalyst source to calcinated eggshell doped TiO2, i.e., ‘Waste to photocatalyst’ for production of viable sustainable products to bio photocatalyst from wastewater to fulfill the need of an expensive metal-doped catalyst.
Photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue experiment has been done.
The highest degradation efficiency of 95.8% methylene blue was obtained at a contact time of 180 min, 10 ppm of initial concentration of methylene blue, and a dopant dose of 2.5 g/L by using prepared photocatalyst.
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Floating Carbon-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Metallic Underlayers Investigation for Polluted Water Treatment under Visible-Light Irradiation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we analysed the influence of metallic underlayers on carbon-doped TiO2 films for RhB decomposition and Salmonella typhimurium inactivation under visible-light irradiation. All the experiments were divided into two parts. First, layered M/C-doped-TiO2 film structures (M = Ni, Nb, Cu) were prepared by magnetron sputtering technique on borosilicate glass substrates in the two-step deposition process. The influence of metal underlayer on the formation of the carbon-doped TiO2 films was characterised by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscope. The comparison between the visible-light assisted photocatalytic activity of M/C-doped TiO2 structures was performed by the photocatalytic bleaching tests of Rhodamine B dye aqueous solution. The best photocatalytic performance was observed for Ni/C-doped-TiO2 film combination. During the second part of the study, the Ni/C-doped-TiO2 film combination was deposited on high-density polyethylene beads which were selected as a floating substrate. The morphology and surface chemical analyses of the floating photocatalyst were performed. The viability and membrane permeability of Salmonella typhimurium were tested in cycling experiments under UV-B and visible-light irradiation. Three consecutive photocatalytic treatments of fresh bacteria suspensions with the same set of floating photocatalyst showed promising results, as after the third 1 h-long treatment bacteria viability was still reduced by 90% and 50% for UV-B and visible-light irradiation, respectively. The membrane permeability and ethidium fluorescence results suggest that Ni underlayer might have direct and indirect effect on the bacteria inactivation process. Additionally, relatively low loss of the photocatalyst efficiency suggests that floating C-doped TiO2 photocatalyst with the Ni underlayer might be seen as the possible solution for the used photocatalyst recovery issue.
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Sustainable Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Marine Algae for Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, Sargassum coreanum (marine algae)-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized by a simple reduction method. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis. The acquired colloidal AgNPs were strongly absorbed around 420 nm and displayed brown color under visible light. The XRD pattern of AgNPs exposed their face-centered cubic geometry along with crystalline nature. The HRTEM images of synthesized AgNPs confirmed the mean particle size of 19 nm with a distorted spherical shape, and the calculated interlayer distance (d-spacing value) was about 0.24 nm. Further, the catalytic degradation of methylene blue using sodium borohydride and AgNPs was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy. The result revealed that AgNPs performed as a superior catalyst, which completely degraded MB in 20 min. The rate constant for MB degradation was calculated to be 0.106 min−1, demonstrating that the marine algae-mediated AgNPs had outstanding catalytic activity. This approach is easy and environmentally benign, which can be applied for environmental-based applications such as dye degradation and pollutant detoxification.
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Jamjoum HAA, Umar K, Adnan R, Razali MR, Mohamad Ibrahim MN. Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activities of Graphene Oxide/metal Oxides Nanocomposites: A Review. Front Chem 2021; 9:752276. [PMID: 34621725 PMCID: PMC8490810 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.752276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable water processing techniques have been extensively investigated and are capable of improving water quality. Among the techniques, photocatalytic technology has shown great potential in recent years as a low cost, environmentally friendly and sustainable technology. However, the major challenge in the industrial development of photocatalyst technology is to develop an ideal photocatalyst which must have high photocatalytic activity, a large specific surface area, harvest sunlight and shows recyclability. Keeping these views, the present review highlighted the synthesis approaches of graphene/metal oxide nanocomposite, characterization techniques and their prominent applications in photocatalysis. Various parameters such as photocatalyst loading, structure of photocatalyst, temperature, pH, effect of oxidizing species and wavelength of light were addressed which could affect the rate of degradation. Moreover, the formation of intermediates during photo-oxidation of organic pollutants using these photocatalysts is also discussed. The analysis concluded with a synopsis of the importance of graphene-based materials in pollutant removal. Finally, a brief overview of the problems and future approaches in the field is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayfa Alajilani Abraheem Jamjoum
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sabratha, Sabratha, Libya
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Adnan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Sheikh S, Nasseri MA, Chahkandi M, Allahresani A, Reiser O. Functionalized magnetic PAMAM dendrimer as an efficient nanocatalyst for a new synthetic strategy of xanthene pigments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:122985. [PMID: 32580092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A green protocol has been developed for preparation of the wide variety of colored xanthene derivatives using a new efficient magnetic solid acid catalyst bearing polyamidoamine dendrimer moiety as a nanoscopic compound. Dendrimers, highly symmetric molecules around a core and 3D spherical morphology, show interesting traits based on their functionalized groups on the branched surface. They can be designed to provide water soluble structures or pseudo-active sites of biomolecules. The catalyst was assembled via a polyamidoamine dendrimer immobilized on the surface of γ-Fe2O3 followed by the sulfonylation of the amine groups by chlorosulfonic acid resulting in γ-Fe2O3@PAMAM-SO3H. Herein, PAMAM dendrimer with repeating amine/amide branches as catchable sites of sulfonic acid groups was introduced as transformer of homogeneous to heterogeneous acidic catalysts. The physicochemical properties of synthesized catalyst were studied using by FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, EDS, TGA/DTG, and TEM. Finally, the catalytic activity of γ-Fe2O3@PAMAM-SO3H was evaluated for the preparation of xanthene derivatives via a one-pot, three components reaction of aromatic aldehydes with i) β-naphthol, ii) cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl, iii) β-naphthol and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, iv) 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, leading to the eco-riendly preparation of the target compounds in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be easily recycled for at least five consecutive runs without significant loss in its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Chahkandi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, P. O. Box 96179-76487, Sabzevar, Iran.
| | - Ali Allahresani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Birjand, P. O. Box 97175-615, Birjand, Iran
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut fȕr Organische Chemie, Universitat Regensburg, Universitatsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Yaqoob AA, Ahmad H, Parveen T, Ahmad A, Oves M, Ismail IMI, Qari HA, Umar K, Mohamad Ibrahim MN. Recent Advances in Metal Decorated Nanomaterials and Their Various Biological Applications: A Review. Front Chem 2020; 8:341. [PMID: 32509720 PMCID: PMC7248377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (nanoparticles) have received much attention in biological application because of their unique physicochemical properties. The metal- and metal oxide-supported nanomaterials have shown significant therapeutic effect in medical science. The mechanisms related to the interaction of nanoparticles with animal and plant cells can be used to establish its significant role and to improve their activity in health and medical applications. Various attempts have been made to discuss the antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial activity of metal-supported nanoparticles. Despite all these developments, there is still a need to investigate their performance to overcome modern challenges. In this regard, the present review examines the role of various types of metal-supported nanomaterials in different areas such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and so on. Based on the significant ongoing research and applications, it is expected that metal-supported nanomaterials play an outstanding role not only in medical but also in other important areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ali Yaqoob
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hilal Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Akil Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M. I. Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A. Qari
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Umar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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10
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Yaqoob AA, Umar K, Ibrahim MNM. Silver nanoparticles: various methods of synthesis, size affecting factors and their potential applications–a review. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Water is an essential part of life and its availability is important for all living creatures. On the other side, the world is suffering from a major problem of drinking water. There are several gases, microorganisms and other toxins (chemicals and heavy metals) added into water during rain, flowing water, etc. which is responsible for water pollution. This review article describes various applications of nanomaterial in removing different types of impurities from polluted water. There are various kinds of nanomaterials, which carried huge potential to treat polluted water (containing metal toxin substance, different organic and inorganic impurities) very effectively due to their unique properties like greater surface area, able to work at low concentration, etc. The nanostructured catalytic membranes, nanosorbents and nanophotocatalyst based approaches to remove pollutants from wastewater are eco-friendly and efficient, but they require more energy, more investment in order to purify the wastewater. There are many challenges and issues of wastewater treatment. Some precautions are also required to keep away from ecological and health issues. New modern equipment for wastewater treatment should be flexible, low cost and efficient for the commercialization purpose.
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12
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Sood S, Mehta SK, Umar A, Kansal SK. The visible light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Alizarin red S using Bi-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic assisted sol–gel synthesized Bi-doped TiO2 mesoporous nanoparticles with a good crystallinity and high surface area were prepared. The 1% Bi-doped TiO2 catalyst showed the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sood
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | | | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Arts
- Najran University
- Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED)
| | - Sushil Kumar Kansal
- Dr. S.S.B University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
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Kansal SK, Kundu P, Sood S, Lamba R, Umar A, Mehta SK. Photocatalytic degradation of the antibiotic levofloxacin using highly crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly crystalline TiO2 (anatase) nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile sol–gel method for the photocatalytic degradation and inhibition of the commonly used antibiotic drug, levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar Kansal
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Pranati Kundu
- Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Swati Sood
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Randeep Lamba
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science and Arts
- Najran University
- Najran-11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED)
| | - S. K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014, India
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