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Yadav RM, Wu J, Kochandra R, Ma L, Tiwary CS, Ge L, Ye G, Vajtai R, Lou J, Ajayan PM. Carbon Nitrogen Nanotubes as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11991-12000. [PMID: 25970133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction and evolution reactions are essential for broad range of renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells, metal-air batteries and hydrogen production through water splitting, therefore, tremendous effort has been taken to develop excellent catalysts for these reactions. However, the development of cost-effective and efficient bifunctional catalysts for both reactions still remained a grand challenge. Herein, we report the electrocatalytic investigations of bamboo-shaped carbon nitrogen nanotubes (CNNTs) having different diameter distribution synthesized by liquid chemical vapor deposition technique using different nitrogen containing precursors. These CNNTs are found to be efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. The electrocatalytic activity strongly depends on the nanotube diameter as well as nitrogen functionality type. The higher diameter CNNTs are more favorable for these reactions. The increase in nanotube diameter itself enhances the catalytic activity by lowering the oxygen adsorption energy, better conductivity, and further facilitates the reaction by increasing the percentage of catalytically active nitrogen moieties in CNNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Manohar Yadav
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- ‡Department of Physics, VSSD College, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | - Jingjie Wu
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Raji Kochandra
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lulu Ma
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Liehui Ge
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gonglan Ye
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Robert Vajtai
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- †Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Maghrebi M, Esfandiari K, Sane A, Khodadadi A, Mortazavi Y. Simultaneous Effect of the Catalyst Precursor Concentration and the Longitudinal Position on the Growth Patterns of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie403624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Maghrebi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, POB
91775-1111, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kourosh Esfandiari
- Chemical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, POB
91775-1111, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Sane
- Catalysis & Nanostructured Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Khodadadi
- Catalysis & Nanostructured Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Mortazavi
- Catalysis & Nanostructured Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Yadav R, Dobal P, Shripathi T, Katiyar RS, Srivastava ON. Effect of Growth Temperature on Bamboo-shaped Carbon-Nitrogen (C-N) Nanotubes Synthesized Using Ferrocene Acetonitrile Precursor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2008; 4:197-203. [PMID: 20596277 PMCID: PMC2894332 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-008-9225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation deals with the effect of growth temperature on the microstructure, nitrogen content, and crystallinity of C-N nanotubes. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) study reveals that the atomic percentage of nitrogen content in nanotubes decreases with an increase in growth temperature. Transmission electron microscopic investigations indicate that the bamboo compartment distance increases with an increase in growth temperature. The diameter of the nanotubes also increases with increasing growth temperature. Raman modes sharpen while the normalized intensity of the defect mode decreases almost linearly with increasing growth temperature. These changes are attributed to the reduction of defect concentration due to an increase in crystal planar domain sizes in graphite sheets with increasing temperature. Both XPS and Raman spectral observations indicate that the C-N nanotubes grown at lower temperatures possess higher degree of disorder and higher N incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamManohar Yadav
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Department of Physics, VSSD College, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | | | - T Shripathi
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452017, India
| | - RS Katiyar
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - ON Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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