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Isaeva VI, Vedenyapina MD, Kurmysheva AY, Weichgrebe D, Nair RR, Nguyen NPT, Kustov LM. Modern Carbon-Based Materials for Adsorptive Removal of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants from Water and Wastewater. Molecules 2021; 26:6628. [PMID: 34771037 PMCID: PMC8587771 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a serious threat for living organisms and human life in particular, is water contamination with persistent organic and inorganic pollutants. To date, several techniques have been adopted to remove/treat organics and toxic contaminants. Adsorption is one of the most effective and economical methods for this purpose. Generally, porous materials are considered as appropriate adsorbents for water purification. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbons have a limited possibility of surface modification (texture and functionality), and their adsorption capacity is difficult to control. Therefore, despite the significant progress achieved in the development of the systems for water remediation, there is still a need for novel adsorptive materials with tunable functional characteristics. This review addresses the new trends in the development of new adsorbent materials. Herein, modern carbon-based materials, such as graphene, oxidized carbon, carbon nanotubes, biomass-derived carbonaceous matrices-biochars as well as their composites with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-derived highly-ordered carbons are considered as advanced adsorbents for removal of hazardous organics from drinking water, process water, and leachate. The review is focused on the preparation and modification of these next-generation carbon-based adsorbents and analysis of their adsorption performance including possible adsorption mechanisms. Simultaneously, some weak points of modern carbon-based adsorbents are analyzed as well as the routes to conquer them. For instance, for removal of large quantities of pollutants, the combination of adsorption and other methods, like sedimentation may be recommended. A number of efficient strategies for further enhancing the adsorption performance of the carbon-based adsorbents, in particular, integrating approaches and further rational functionalization, including composing these adsorbents (of two or even three types) can be recommended. The cost reduction and efficient regeneration must also be in the focus of future research endeavors. The targeted optimization of the discussed carbon-based adsorbents associated with detailed studies of the adsorption process, especially, for multicomponent adsorbate solution, will pave a bright avenue for efficient water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera I. Isaeva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Marina D. Vedenyapina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dirk Weichgrebe
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (R.R.N.); (N.P.T.N.)
| | - Rahul Ramesh Nair
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (R.R.N.); (N.P.T.N.)
| | - Ngoc Phuong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (D.W.); (R.R.N.); (N.P.T.N.)
| | - Leonid M. Kustov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Bldg. 3, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Preparation to Application. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13105717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As the world human population and industrialization keep growing, the water availability issue has forced scientists, engineers, and legislators of water supply industries to better manage water resources. Pollutant removals from wastewaters are crucial to ensure qualities of available water resources (including natural water bodies or reclaimed waters). Diverse techniques have been developed to deal with water quality concerns. Carbon based nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their high specific surface area and associated adsorption sites, have drawn a special focus in environmental applications, especially water and wastewater treatment. This critical review summarizes recent developments and adsorption behaviors of CNTs used to remove organics or heavy metal ions from contaminated waters via adsorption and inactivation of biological species associated with CNTs. Foci include CNTs synthesis, purification, and surface modifications or functionalization, followed by their characterization methods and the effect of water chemistry on adsorption capacities and removal mechanisms. Functionalized CNTs have been proven to be promising nanomaterials for the decontamination of waters due to their high adsorption capacity. However, most of the functional CNT applications are limited to lab-scale experiments only. Feasibility of their large-scale/industrial applications with cost-effective ways of synthesis and assessments of their toxicity with better simulating adsorption mechanisms still need to be studied.
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Ahmad A, Karri RR, Pakalapati H. Functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydroxyapatite nanorods reinforced with polypropylene for biomedical application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:843. [PMID: 33437011 PMCID: PMC7804326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80767-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and hydroxyapatite nanorods (n-HA) were reinforced into polypropylene (PP) with the support of a melt compounding approach. Varying composition of f-MWCNTs (0.1–0.3 wt.%) and nHA (15–20 wt.%) were reinforced into PP, to obtain biocomposites of different compositions. The morphology, thermal and mechanical characteristics of PP/n-HA/f-MWCNTs were observed. Tensile studies reflected that the addition of f-MWCNTs is advantageous in improving the tensile strength of PP/n-HA nanocomposites but decreases its Young’s modulus significantly. Based on the thermal study, the f-MWCNTs and n-HA were known to be adequate to enhance PP’s thermal and dimensional stability. Furthermore, MTT studies proved that PP/n-HA/f-MWCNTs are biocompatible. Consequently, f-MWCNTs and n-HA reinforced into PP may be a promising nanocomposite in orthopedics industry applications such as the human subchondral bone i.e. patella and cartilage and fabricating certain light-loaded implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N M Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - E C Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Harshini Pakalapati
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Brogans, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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Synthesis of PVDF/MWCNT nanocomplex microfiltration membrane via atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) with enhanced fouling performance. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Othman NAF, Selambakkannu S, Tuan Abdullah TA, Hoshina H, Sattayaporn S, Seko N. Selectivity of Copper by Amine-Based Ion Recognition Polymer Adsorbent with Different Aliphatic Amines. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121994. [PMID: 31810361 PMCID: PMC6960742 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the selectivity of GMA-based-non-woven fabrics adsorbent towards copper ion (Cu) functionalized with several aliphatic amines. The aliphatic amines used in this study were ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The non-woven polyethylene/polypropylene fabrics (NWF) were grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via pre-radiation grafting technique, followed by chemical functionalization with the aliphatic amine. To prepare the ion recognition polymer (IRP), the functionalized amine GMA-grafted-NWF sample was subjected to radiation crosslinking process along with the crosslinking agent, divinylbenzene (DVB), in the presence of Cu ion as a template in the matrix of the adsorbent. Functionalization with different aliphatic amine was carried out at different amine concentrations, grafting yield, reaction temperature, and reaction time to study the effect of different aliphatic amine onto amine density yield. At a concentration of 50% of amine and 50% of isopropanol, EDA, DETA, TETA, and TEPA had attained amine density around 5.12, 4.06, 3.04, and 2.56 mmol/g-ad, respectively. The amine density yield decreases further as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer. The experimental condition for amine functionalization process was fixed at 70% amine, 30% isopropanol, 60 °C for grafting temperature, and 2 h of grafting time for attaining 100% of grafting yield (Dg). The prepared adsorbents were characterized comprehensively in terms of structural and morphology with multiple analytical tools. An adsorptive removal and selectivity of Cu ion by the prepared adsorbent was investigated in a binary metal ion system. The IRP samples with a functional precursor of EDA, the smallest aliphatic amine had given the higher adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu ion. The selectivity of IRP samples reduces as the aliphatic amine chain grows longer, EDA to TEPA. However, IRP samples still exhibited remarkably higher selectivity in comparison to the amine immobilized GMA-g-NWF at similar adsorption experimental conditions. This observation indicates that IRP samples possess higher selectivity after incorporation of the ion recognition imprint technique via the radiation crosslinking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azillah Fatimah Othman
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.F.O.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-346-9380
| | - Sarala Selambakkannu
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.F.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Hiroyuki Hoshina
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, 1233, Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan;
| | | | - Noriaki Seko
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, 1233, Watanuki-machi, Takasaki 370-1292, Gunma, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-27-346-9380
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Chen C, Huang Y. Enhanced photoreactivity of amine-functionalized carbon nanotubes under sunlight in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1577-1584. [PMID: 29913618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the hydrophobic nature of pristine carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to make them available for intended applications, chemically covalent functionalization tailoring these materials is widely applied. However, the addition of surface functional moieties often changes the fundamental properties of the parent materials and introduces great variations that hinder a full understanding of and unified conclusions about their environmental implications. In this work, we studied the photoactivity of covalently functionalized CNTs in the aquatic environment under sunlight irradiation. The results indicate an enhanced photoreactivity of CNTs with amine functional groups resulting from a greater excited triplet state formation and a restored electronic structure after the secondary functionalization. Photogenerated singlet oxygen was produced directly through a photosensitization process in which the photoexcited CNTs transferred energy to oxygen, as well as produced indirectly from the aqueous reactions of superoxide radical. The superior photoreactive behaviors of engineered nanomaterials with amine functionalization in terms of reactive oxygen species generation in aquatic environments not only raise ecological concerns, but also render these functionalized engineered nanomaterials useful as water treatment agents against pollutants or microorganisms that can be destroyed by singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
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Mallakpour S, Behranvand V. Sono-assisted preparation of bio-nanocomposite for removal of Pb 2+ ions: Study of morphology, thermal and wettability properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 39:872-882. [PMID: 28733018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) loaded poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) composites, with different CNT contents, were fabricated through an ultrasound assisted method as a fast and green way. Then, the obtained composites were fully characterized via FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TGA, FE-SEM and TEM, etc. For this purpose, PET bottle was recycled and applied as matrix of nanocomposites (NC)s. Then, we dispersed the covalent functionalization of MWCNTs with a protein dispersant and obtained a powder of protein-functionalized CNTs. Bio-functionalized MWCNTs showed higher Pb2+ removal efficiency compared to MWCNT-COOH as ascertained via batch equilibrium adsorption experiments. Also, the results indicated the novel NCs presents a high affinity for Pb2+ heavy metal owing to the presence of several good sites. The contact angle results indicated that the addition of MWCNT-BSA increased significantly the contact angle compared to the pure PET. It was concluded that inflame retarding feature of NC was higher than pure polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran; Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Institute, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Vajiheh Behranvand
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Optimization and characterization of covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase for bioelectronic devices. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ma L, Zhuang HL, Wei S, Hendrickson KE, Kim MS, Cohn G, Hennig RG, Archer LA. Enhanced Li-S Batteries Using Amine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in the Cathode. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1050-9. [PMID: 26634409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery is an attractive platform for high-energy, low-cost electrochemical energy storage. Practical Li-S cells are limited by several fundamental issues, including the low conductivity of sulfur and its reduction compounds with Li and the dissolution of long-chain lithium polysulfides (LiPS) into the electrolyte. We report on an approach that allows high-performance sulfur-carbon cathodes to be designed based on tethering polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers bearing large numbers of amine groups in every molecular unit to hydroxyl- and carboxyl-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes. Significantly, for the first time we show by means of direct dissolution kinetics measurements that the incorporation of CNT-PEI hybrids in a sulfur cathode stabilizes the cathode by both kinetic and thermodynamic processes. Composite sulfur cathodes based the CNT-PEI hybrids display high capacity at both low and high current rates, with capacity retention rates exceeding 90%. The attractive electrochemical performance of the materials is shown by means of DFT calculations and physical analysis to originate from three principal sources: (i) specific and strong interaction between sulfur species and amine groups in PEI; (ii) an interconnected conductive CNT substrate; and (iii) the combination of physical and thermal sequestration of LiPS provided by the CNT=PEI composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Houlong L Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shuya Wei
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kenville E Hendrickson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mun Sek Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Gil Cohn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Richard G Hennig
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Guaragno ML, Gottardi R, Fedorchak MV, Roy A, Kumta PN, Little SR. One-step synthesis of fluorescently labelled, single-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17233-6. [PMID: 26458421 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05573c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be labelled with functional moieties that endow them with a number of unique characteristics, which can be applicable to biomedical applications such as imaging. Herein we describe a facile, one-step esterification process to functionalize SWNT with fluorescein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Guaragno
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA. and The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Morgan V Fedorchak
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Abhijit Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA. and The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA. and The McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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Kim S, Park S, Kwon J, Ha K. Optimum Conditions for Introducing Free Radical Polymerizable Methacrylate Groups on the MWCNT Surface by Michael Addition Reaction. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2015.53.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Herrero-Latorre C, Álvarez-Méndez J, Barciela-García J, García-Martín S, Peña-Crecente R. Characterization of carbon nanotubes and analytical methods for their determination in environmental and biological samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:77-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Improved microwave shielding properties of polyaniline grown over three-dimensional hybrid carbon assemblage substrate. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-014-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Phosphatidykinosital 3-Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Pathway in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 7:S379-82. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31826df0f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Martinez-Rubi Y, Gonzalez-Dominguez JM, Ansón-Casaos A, Kingston CT, Daroszewska M, Barnes M, Hubert P, Cattin C, Martinez MT, Simard B. Tailored SWCNT functionalization optimized for compatibility with epoxy matrices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:285701. [PMID: 22717547 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/28/285701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have modified single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with well defined matrix-based architectures to improve interface interaction in SWCNT/epoxy composites. The hardener and two pre-synthesized oligomers containing epoxy and hardener moieties were covalently attached to the SWCNT walls by in situ diazonium or carboxylic coupling reactions. In this way, SWCNTs bearing amine or epoxide-terminated fragments of different molecular weights, which resemble the chemical structure of the cured resin, were synthesized. A combination of characterization techniques such as Raman and infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and coupled thermogravimetry-FTIR spectroscopy were used to identify both the functional groups and degree of functionalization of SWCNTs synthesized by the laser ablation and arc-discharge methods. Depending on the type of reaction employed for the chemical functionalization and the molecular weight of the attached fragment, it was possible to control the degree of functionalization and the electronic properties of the functionalized SWCNTs. Improved dispersion of SWCNTs in the epoxy matrix was achieved by direct integration without using solvents, as observed from optical microscopy and rheology measurements of the SWCNT/epoxy mixtures. Composite materials using these fillers are expected to exhibit improved properties while preserving the thermosetting architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Martinez-Rubi
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Apartsin EK, Novopashina DS, Nastaushev YV, Ven’yaminova AG. Fluorescently labeled single-walled carbon nanotubes and their hybrids with oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078012020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Movva S, Ouyang X, Castro J, Lee LJ. Carbon nanofiber paper and its effect on cure kinetics of low temperature epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gromov AV, Gray N, Szilágyi PÁ, Campbell EEB. Direct grafting of carbon nanotubes with ethylenediamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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