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Choręziak-Michalak A, Szpecht D, Chmielarz-Czarnocińska A, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Drews K, Kurzawińska G, Strauss E, Gotz-Więckowska A. Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Gene Variants in Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Tissue Inhibitors in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Study in the Polish Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15309. [PMID: 37894989 PMCID: PMC10607760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the relationship between variants of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 rs179975, MMP-9 rs17576 and rs17577), their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-1 rs4898, TIMP-2 rs2277698 and rs55743137) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants from the Polish population. A cohort of 100 premature infants (47% female) was enrolled, including 50 ROP cases and 50 no-ROP controls. Patients with ROP were divided into those with spontaneous remission and those requiring treatment. A positive association between MMP-1 rs179975 1G deletion allele and ROP was observed in the log-additive model (OR = 5.01; p = 0.048). Furthermore, female neonates were observed to have a negative association between the TIMP-1 rs4898C allele and the occurrence of ROP and ROP requiring treatment (codominant models with respective p-values < 0.05 and 0.043). Two and three loci interactions between MMP-1 rs1799750 and TIMP1rs4989 (p = 0.015), as well as MMP-1 rs1799750, MMP-9 rs17576 and TIMP-1 rs4989 (p = 0.0003) variants influencing the ROP risk were also observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest a potential role of MMPs and TIMPs genetic variations in the development of ROP in the Polish population. Further studies using a larger group of premature infants will be required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Choręziak-Michalak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.C.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (A.G.-W.)
| | - Dawid Szpecht
- Department of Neonatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Anna Chmielarz-Czarnocińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.C.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (A.G.-W.)
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Department of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (K.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Department of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (K.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Department of Perinatology and Women’s Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-M.); (K.D.); (G.K.)
| | - Ewa Strauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Strzeszynska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Gotz-Więckowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (A.C.-M.); (A.C.-C.); (A.G.-W.)
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2
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Zhao C, Liu Y, Meng J, Wang X, Liu X, Li W, Zhou Q, Xiang J, Li N, Hou S. LGALS3BP in Microglia Promotes Retinal Angiogenesis Through PI3K/AKT Pathway During Hypoxia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:25. [PMID: 35895036 PMCID: PMC9344220 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal microglia promote angiogenesis and vasculopathy in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR); however, its specific molecular mechanism in the formation of retinal angiogenesis remains unclear. The lectin galactoside-binding soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP), a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain protein family, is involved in tumor neovascularization, and we therefore hypothesized that LGALS3BP plays an active role in microglia-induced angiogenesis. Methods The expression of LGALS3BP in microglia was detected by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. Functional assays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) such as migration, proliferation, and tube formation were measured by Transwell, EdU, and Matrigel assays. Angiogenesis-related factors and PI3K/AKT levels were detected by western blotting. The relationship between LGALS3BP and PI3K or HIF-1α was investigated by immunoprecipitation. Results Our results showed that the expression of LGALS3BP was significantly increased in microglia surrounding neovascularization of the OIR mice and was also upregulated in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells after hypoxia. Moreover, HUVECs co-cultured with hypoxic HMC3 cells showed increased migration, proliferation, and tube formation, as well as levels of angiogenesis-related factor. However, the proangiogenic ability and angiogenesis-related factor expression of HMC3 cells was suppressed after silencing LGALS3BP. LGALS3BP induces the upregulation of angiogenesis-related factors through the PI3K/AKT pathway and then promotes angiogenesis in microglia. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that LGALS3BP in microglia plays an important role in angiogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target of LGALS3BP for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yusen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayu Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Xiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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3
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Klotzsche-von Ameln A, Sprott D. Harnessing retinal phagocytes to combat pathological neovascularization in ischemic retinopathies? Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:575-590. [PMID: 35524802 PMCID: PMC9117346 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic retinopathies (IR) are vision-threatening diseases that affect a substantial amount of people across all age groups worldwide. The current treatment options of photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy have side effects and are occasionally unable to prevent disease progression. It is therefore worthwhile to consider other molecular targets for the development of novel treatment strategies that could be safer and more efficient. During the manifestation of IR, the retina, normally an immune privileged tissue, encounters enhanced levels of cellular stress and inflammation that attract mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) from the blood stream and activate resident MPs (microglia). Activated MPs have a multitude of effects within the retinal tissue and have the potential to both counter and exacerbate the harmful tissue microenvironment. The present review discusses the current knowledge about the role of inflammation and activated retinal MPs in the major IRs: retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy. We focus particularly on MPs and their secreted factors and cell–cell-based interactions between MPs and endothelial cells. We conclude that activated MPs play a major role in the manifestation and progression of IRs and could therefore become a promising new target for novel pharmacological intervention strategies in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Sprott
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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4
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Duran G Ler S, Balbaba M, Çolakoğlu N, Bulmuş Ö, Ulaş F, Eröksüz Y. Effect of Decorin and Bevacizumab on oxygen-induced retinopathy in rat models: A comparative study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:369-373. [PMID: 33463595 PMCID: PMC7933886 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1739_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of decorin (DCN) in rat oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and to compare the results with those of bevacizumab. Methods: Twenty-eight newborn Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control): normoxia plus intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline (NS), Group II (sham): OIR plus ip NS, Group III (DCN): OIR plus ip 0.1 mg/kg DCN, and Group IV (bevacizumab): OIR plus ip 2.5 mg/kg bevacizumab. The OIR model was induced by cycling the oxygen concentration between 50% and 10% every 24 h for 14 days following their birth. In all groups, injections were administered on postnatal day (PD) 15. All animals were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated on PD 18. The nuclei of neovascular endothelial cells on the vitreal side of the inner limiting membrane were counted, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α immunoreactivity were detected in histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses of the data. Results: In Groups II, III, and IV, the mean neovascular cell nuclei counts were 13.14 ± 1.34, 6.57 ± 1.51, and 6.71 ± 1.49, respectively. The mean neovascular cell nuclei count was significantly reduced in treatment groups compared with sham group (P < 0.001). In immunohistochemical staining, the immunoreactivity of VEGF was 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.97 ± 0.21, 0.37 ± 0.12, and 0.23 ± 0.17, respectively. Likewise, immunoreactivity of TNF-α was 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.11 ± 0.36, 0.37 ± 0.13, and 0.62 ± 0.21, respectively. VEGF and TNF-α immunoreactivity increased markedly in the sham group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001). VEGF and TNF-α immunoreactivity of treatment groups decreased significantly compared to sham group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The beneficial effects obtained by DCN administration in OIR model were comparable to the effects of bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Duran G Ler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Balbaba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Neriman Çolakoğlu
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Özgör Bulmuş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Yesari Eröksüz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
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5
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Oladnabi M, Mishan MA, Rezaeikanavi M, Zargari M, Sadeghi RN, Bagheri A. Correlation between ELF-PEMF exposure and Human RPE Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Gene Expression. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021; 16:202-211. [PMID: 34055258 PMCID: PMC8126745 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v16i2.9084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Emerging evidence implies that electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can negatively affect angiogenesis. In this regard, the effects of extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (ELF-PEMF) exposure on the relative expression level of angiogenic factors involved in the pathogenesis of ocular disorders were evaluated in human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in order to investigate a noninvasive therapeutic method for patients with several ocular diseases associated with neovascularization. Methods After separating hRPE cells from globes, hRPE cells were exposed to 15 mT of ELF-PEMF (120 Hz) at 5, 10, and 15 min for seven days. Cell proliferation and apoptosis of treated cells were evaluated via ELISA assay. Moreover, relative expression changes of HIF-1α, CTGF, VEGFA, MMP-2, cathepsin D, and E2F3 were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Results ELF-PEMF exposure had no significant effects on the apoptosis and proliferation rate of hRPE cells. Expression level of HIF-1α, CTGF, VEGFA, MMP-2, cathepsin D, and E2F3 was downregulated following 5 min of ELF-PEMF exposure. Conclusion As ELF-PEMF showed inhibitory effects on the expression of angiogenic genes in hRPE cells with no cytotoxic or proliferative side effects, it can be introduced as a useful procedure for managing angiogenesis induced by retinal pathogenesis, although more studies with adequate follow-up in animal models are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Oladnabi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Mohammad Amir Mishan
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Both authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Mozhgan Rezaeikanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Rouhallah Najjar Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Miyata Y. [Structure Activity Relationship Study of Polymethoxylated Flavones Targeted Retinal Müller Cells for Prevention of Retinal Diseases]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:41-45. [PMID: 33390446 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease representing one of the main causes of vision loss in developed countries. In the early stage of DR, disruption of blood retinal barrier (BRB) is observed, and it will lead to vascular permeability and visual impairment. Therefore, protection against the breakdown of BRB may be useful strategy for prevention of DR. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) plays an important role in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins. In DR, they attribute to increased vascular permeability by degrading the junction proteins, such as occuldin and cadherin that are important to maintain the BRB junction complex. Müller cells constitute the main glial cells of the retina and are involved in many retinal functions. They are reported to be one of the MMP-producing cells in the retina. In this symposium review, I present the molecular mechanism of MMP expression in retinal Müller cells. In addition, I would like to introduce polymethoxylated flavones, nobiletin and the derivatives isolated from natural resource as novel MMP inhibitors, which may be applicable to prevention of DR.
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7
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An Iatrogenic Model of Brain Small-Vessel Disease: Post-Radiation Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186506. [PMID: 32899565 PMCID: PMC7555594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied 114 primitive cerebral neoplasia, that were surgically treated, and underwent radiotherapy (RT), and compared their results to those obtained by 190 patients diagnosed with subcortical vascular dementia (sVAD). Patients with any form of primitive cerebral neoplasia underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. All the tumor patients had regional field partial brain RT, which encompassed each tumor, with an average margin of 2.6 cm from the initial target tumor volume. We observed in our patients who have been exposed to a higher dose of RT (30–65 Gy) a cognitive and behavior decline similar to that observed in sVAD, with the frontal dysexecutive syndrome, apathy, and gait alterations, but with a more rapid onset and with an overwhelming effect. Multiple mechanisms are likely to be involved in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. The active site of RT brain damage is the white matter areas, particularly the internal capsule, basal ganglia, caudate, hippocampus, and subventricular zone. In all cases, radiation damage inside the brain mainly focuses on the cortical–subcortical frontal loops, which integrate and process the flow of information from the cortical areas, where executive functions are “elaborated” and prepared, towards the thalamus, subthalamus, and cerebellum, where they are continuously refined and executed. The active mechanisms that RT drives are similar to those observed in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), leading to sVAD. The RT’s primary targets, outside the tumor mass, are the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the small vessels, and putative mechanisms that can be taken into account are oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, strongly associated with the alteration of NMDA receptor subunit composition.
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8
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Yao Y, Yao Y, Demetriades AM, Sui A, Su T, Zhu Y, Shen X, Xie B. Neutralization of Bombina variegata peptide 8 suppresses retinal neovascularization in two different murine models: The oxygen-induced retinopathy model and the rhodopsin promoter/VEGF transgenic mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107993. [PMID: 32147400 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bombina variegata 8 (Bv8), also known as prokineticin-2 (PK-2), is a potent pro-angiogenic factor. However, its role in retinal neovascularization (RNV) remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of Bv8 in the pathogenesis of RNV. We found that the expression of Bv8 was significantly increased in two different models of retinal neovascularization: the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model and the rhodopsin promoter (rho)/VEGF transgenic mouse model. Neutralization of Bv8 by intravitreal injections of its antibody, not only inhibited retinal and subretinal neovascularization but also decreased the mRNA and protein levels of several pro-angiogenic factors. Our in vitro assay showed that recombinant human Bv8 (RhBv8) protein promoted human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) tube-formation, cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. Our findings suggest that Bv8 could be used as a novel target for the treatment of RNV-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yixuan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Anna M Demetriades
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Ailing Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yanji Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
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9
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Cai S, Yang Q, Cao Y, Li Y, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu L, Li X, Zhang Y. PF4 antagonizes retinal neovascularization via inhibiting PRAS40 phosphorylation in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Brodsky MC. Phoria Adaptation: The Ghost in the Machine. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2020; 70:1-10. [PMID: 31986106 DOI: 10.1080/2576117x.2019.1706699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance: Phoria adaptation is a central tonus mechanism that provides plasticity to binocular alignment. However, its slow dissipation inevitably adulterates our clinical strabismus measurements.Purpose: To examine the role of phoria adaptation in normal binocular control, understand its neural substrate, and explore how it can alter our clinical measurements in common forms of strabismus.Methods: Investigation into the role of phoria adaptation in maintaining binocular alignment and its role in altering clinical strabismus measurement.Results: Phoria adaptation permeates all aspects of binocular alignment. It accounts for the stability of orthophoria, "latent" phorias, tenacious proximal fusion in intermittent exotropia, large fusional vertical amplitudes in congenital superior oblique muscle palsy, the "eating up" of prisms in accommodative esotropia, the smaller measured distance deviation in patients with high AC/A ratio or convergence excess, absence of physiologic skew deviation during head tilt, fusional divergence amplitudes, and spread of comitance. This binocular control system probably arises from a cerebellar learning mechanism that involves input via climbing fibers to the inferior olive, which provide a powerful timing and error signal to the cerebellar Purkinje cells to produce activity-dependent modification analogous to long-term potentiation.Conclusions: Phoria adaptation is generated by a central neural integrator that provides inertia, plasticity, and positional stability to human binocular vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Brodsky
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Drankowska J, Kos M, Kościuk A, Marzęda P, Boguszewska-Czubara A, Tylus M, Święch-Zubilewicz A. MMP targeting in the battle for vision: Recent developments and future prospects in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2019; 229:149-156. [PMID: 31100326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes capable of degrading nearly all types of extracellular matrix. They perform a wide range of roles in physiological processes, which is the reason for their strict regulation by numerous mechanisms including natural tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). Research only started to shed light on more troublesome aspects of MMPs function, like cancer progression, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, ageing. Moreover, their profound role in diabetes is being carefully investigated including one of its most debilitating complications - diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of acquired blindness worldwide. Traditional treatment of this condition seems to be only mildly satisfactory, which elicited substantial interest in the field of new therapeutic methods including MMP targeting. So far, significant roles of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the development of retinopathy have been established, with special attention given to the process of blood-retinal barrier impairment. Further exploration revealed MMP-10 and MMP-14 involvement as well as changes in MMP/TIMP ratio. In this review, we provide insight into MMPs role in diabetic retinopathy with a clarification of various mechanisms regulating MMP activity in the light of the recent studies. We conclude with an overview of novel DR therapies targeting MMPs and point to the need of further examination of their usefulness in clinical setting, with an eye towards future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Drankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Kos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Kościuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Marzęda
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Boguszewska-Czubara
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, PL 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tylus
- Department of Retinal and Vitreal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, PL 20-079 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Święch-Zubilewicz
- Department of Retinal and Vitreal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, PL 20-079 Lublin, Poland
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12
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The effect of sevoflurane on retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Anesth 2018; 32:204-210. [PMID: 29464332 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sevoflurane is commonly used in general anesthesia for premature neonates. The main mechanism of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For the investigation of sevoflurane's effect on angiogenesis, the angiogenesis and VEGF expression in the retina were measured after administering sevoflurane in an oxygen-induced retinopathy mice model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were divided into the normoxic group (Nc and Ns group; n = 6) and the ROP group (C, Rc, and Rs group; n = 6). Rc group were exposed to 75% oxygen for 5 days beginning on postnatal day (P) 7, and then returned to room air. Age-matched mice in the C group were exposed to room air. To observe angiogenesis of the retina, the mice were sacrificed on P16. The Rs group was exposed to 2 vol% sevoflurane for 2 h on P12, P13, and P14 with 40% oxygen. RESULTS The angiogenic area and the spreading distance of vessels on P4 were statistically decreased in the Ns group, compared to the Nc group. The avascular area on P16 was significantly increased and the expression of VEGF was suppressed in the Rs group compared to the Rc group. CONCLUSIONS Sevoflurane can inhibit retinal angiogenesis via suppressing VEGF expression in an OIR mice model with exposure to relative hypoxia. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to apply the results of this study immediately to humans because of the heterogeneity of responses to sevoflurane.
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Rocca A, Tafuri D, Paccone M, Giuliani A, Zamboli AGI, Surfaro G, Paccone A, Compagna R, Amato M, Serra R, Amato B. Cell Based Therapeutic Approach in Vascular Surgery: Application and Review. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:308-322. [PMID: 29071303 PMCID: PMC5651406 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyVia Sergio Pansini, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplatation Center, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Surfaro
- Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizo Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Retinal and choroidal angiogenesis: a review of new targets. Int J Retina Vitreous 2017; 3:31. [PMID: 28835854 PMCID: PMC5563895 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-017-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal and choroidal neovascularization are a major cause of significant visual impairment, worldwide. Understanding the various factors involved in the accompanying physiopathology is vital for development of novel treatments, and most important, for preserving patient vision. The intraocular use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapeutics has improved management of the retinal and choroidal neovascularization but some patients do not respond, suggesting other vascular mediators may also contribute to ocular angiogenesis. Several recent studies examined possible new targets for future anti-angiogenic therapies. Potential targets of retinal and choroidal neovascularization therapy include members of the platelet-derived growth factor family, vascular endothelial growth factor sub-family, epidermal growth factor family, fibroblast growth factor family, transforming growth factor-β superfamily (TGF-β1, activins, follistatin and bone morphogenetic proteins), angiopoietin-like family, galectins family, integrin superfamily, as well as pigment epithelium derived factor, hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietins, endothelins, hypoxia-inducible factors, insulin-like growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors and glycosylation proteins. This review highlights current antiangiogenic therapies under development, and discusses future retinal and choroidal pro- and anti-angiogenic targets as wells as the importance of developing of new drugs.
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IGF-1R Regulates the Extracellular Level of Active MMP-2, Pathological Neovascularization, and Functionality in Retinas of OIR Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1123-1135. [PMID: 28097474 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In ischemic proliferative diseases such as retinopathies, persistent hypoxia leads to the release of numerous neovascular factors that participate in the formation of abnormal vessels and eventually cause blindness. The upregulation and activation of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) represent a final common pathway in this process. Although many regulators of the neovascular process have been identified, the complete role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its receptor (IGF-1R) appears to be significantly more complex. In this study, we used an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model as well as an in vitro model of hypoxia to study the role of MMP-2 derived from Müller glial cells (MGCs) and its relation with the IGF-1/IGF-1R system. We demonstrated that MMP-2 protein expression increased in P17 OIR mice, which coincided with the active phase of the neovascular process. Also, glutamine synthetase (GS)-positive cells were also positive for MMP-2, whereas IGF-1R was expressed by GFAP-positive cells, indicating that both proteins were expressed in MGCs. In addition, in the OIR model a single intravitreal injection of the IGF-1R blocking antibody (αIR3) administered at P12 effectively prevented pathologic neovascularization, accelerated physiological revascularization, and improved retinal functionality at P17. Finally, in MGC supernatants, the blocking antibody abolished the IGF-1 effect on active MMP-2 under normoxic and hypoxic conditions without affecting the extracellular levels of pro-MMP-2. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the IGF-1/IGF-1R system regulates active MMP-2 levels in MGCs, thus contributing to MEC remodeling during the retinal neovascular process.
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Potential suppression of the high glucose and insulin-induced retinal neovascularization by Sirtuin 3 in the human retinal endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:341-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kim JH, Kim GH, Kim JW, Pyeon HJ, Lee JC, Lee G, Nam H. In Vivo Angiogenic Capacity of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:790-796. [PMID: 27871176 PMCID: PMC5125934 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp is a highly vascularized tissue requiring adequate blood supply for successful regeneration. In this study, we investigated the functional role of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) as a perivascular source for in vivo formation of vessel-like structures. Primarily isolated SHEDs showed mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics including the expression of surface antigens and in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials. Moreover, SHEDs were positive for NG2, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), and CD146 as pericyte markers. To prove feasibility of SHEDs as perivascular source, SHEDs were transplanted into immunodeficient mouse using Matrigel with or without human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Transplantation of SHEDs alone or HUVECs alone resulted in no formation of vessel-like structures with enough red blood cells. However, when SHEDs and HUVECs were transplanted together, extensive vessel-like structures were formed. The presence of murine erythrocytes within lumens suggested the formation of anastomoses between newly formed vessel-like structures in Matrigel plug and the host circulatory system. To understand underlying mechanisms of in vivo angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic cytokine and chemokine, their receptors, and MMPs was compared between SHEDs and HUVECs. SHEDs showed higher expression of VEGF, SDF-1α, and PDGFRβ than HUVECs. On the contrary, HUVECs showed higher expression of VEGF receptors, CXCR4, and PDGF-BB than SHEDs. This differential expression pattern suggested reciprocal interactions between SHEDs and HUVECs and their involvement during in vivo angiogenesis. In conclusion, SHEDs could be a feasible source of perivascular cells for in vivo angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Gee-Hye Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Hee Jang Pyeon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Jae Cheoun Lee
- Children’s Dental Center and CDC Baby Tooth Stem Cell Bank, Seoul 06072,
Korea
| | - Gene Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080,
Korea
| | - Hyun Nam
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351,
Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351,
Korea
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Gu Y, Ke G, Wang L, Gu Q, Zhou E, He Q, Wang S. Silencing Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 and 2 Inhibits Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cell Invasion and Migration. Ophthalmic Res 2015; 55:70-5. [PMID: 26613577 DOI: 10.1159/000441501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferative retinal angiogenesis may severely impair the retina. Previous studies have indicated that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 play important roles in the process of retinal angiogenesis. In this study, we suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with RNA interference (RNAi) and then observed the inhibitory effects on the invasion and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). METHODS Small interfering RNAs against MMP-2 mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA were synthesized. After transfection, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in HRMECs was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Cell migration and invasion were measured with a migration assay and a scratch wound assay, respectively. RESULTS RNAi against MMP-2 and MMP-9 successfully inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HRMECs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 knockdown could inhibit the invasion and migration of HRMECs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the RNAi approach towards MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be a potentially effective therapeutic method for the treatment of proliferative retinal angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Di Y, Zhang Y, Nie Q, Chen X. CCN1/Cyr61-PI3K/AKT signaling promotes retinal neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1507-18. [PMID: 26459773 PMCID: PMC4678165 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) is a characteristic pathological finding of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Cysteine-rich 61 [Cyr61, also known as CCN family member 1 (CCN1)] has been reported to mediate angiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of CCN1/Cyr61-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in ROP. The contribution of CCN1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and apoptosis under hypoxic conditions was determined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining, respectively, as well as using siRNA targeting CCN1 (CCN1 siRNA). The cells exposed to hypoxia were also treated with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002. In addition, mouse pups with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) were administered an intravitreal injection of CCN1 siRNA. RNV was assessed by magnesium-activated adenosine diphosphatease (ADPase) staining. RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the distribution and expression of CCN1, PI3K and AKT. Exposure to hypoxia increased the neovascularization clock hour scores (from 1.23±0.49 to 5.60±0.73, P<0.05) and the number of preretinal neovascular cells, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (all P<0.05). The injection of CCN1 siRNA decreased the neovascularization clock hour scores and the number of preretinal neovascular cells (1.53±0.72 vs. 4.76±1.04; 12.0±2.8 vs. 31.4±2.6, respectively, both P<0.05), as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1, PI3K and AKT (protein, −45.3, −22.5 and −28.4%; mRNA, −43.7, −58.7 and −42.9%, respectively, all P<0.05) compared to the administration of scrambled siRNA under hypoxic conditions. Treatment with LY294002 decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of CCN1 in the cells exposed to hypoxia (both P<0.05). The administration of CCN1 siRNA resulted in less severe neovascularization in the eyes of the the mouse pups with OIR. Thus, out data suggest that CCN1 plays an important role in RNV in ROP, and may thus be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yiou Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Grande R, Butrico L, Rossi A, Naso A, Ruggiero M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. Adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular stem cells, matrix metalloproteinases, and arterial aneurysms. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:434962. [PMID: 25866513 PMCID: PMC4381852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells (SCs) at sites of arterial aneurysms: they can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are activated after residing in a quiescent state in the vascular wall. Recent studies have implicated the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms: in fact the increased synthesis of MMPs by arterial SMCs is thought to be a pivotal mechanism in aneurysm formation. The factors and signaling pathways involved in regulating wall resident SC recruitment, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and differentiation may be also related to selective expression of different MMPs. This review explores the relationship between adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular SCs, MMPs, and arterial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 88100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Ruggiero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Shi S, Li X, Li Y, Pei C, Yang H, Chen X. Expression and function of Delta-like ligand 4 in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:723-30. [PMID: 25206719 PMCID: PMC4146072 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway was shown to participate in the process of retinal development and angiogenesis. However, the function of the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway in retinopathy of prematurity requires further study. Retinopathy of prematurity was induced in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to hyperoxia for 7 days, and then returned to room air. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot revealed that Delta-like ligand 4 levels decreased at postnatal day 12 and increased at postnatal day 17 in retinopathy of prematurity rats. Flat-mounted adenosine diphosphatase stained retina and hematoxylin-eosin stained retinal tissue slices showed that the clock hour scores and the nuclei counts in retinopathy of prematurity rats were significantly different compared to normal control rats. After retinopathy of prematurity rats were intravitreally injected with Delta-like ligand 4 monoclonal antibody to inhibit the Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling pathway, there was a significant increase in the severity of retinal neovascularization (clock hours) in the intravitreally injected eyes. The nuclei count was highly correlated with the clock hour score. These results suggest that Delta-like ligand 4/Notch signaling plays an essential role in the process of physiological and pathological angiogenesis in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, the 230 Hospital of Chinese PLA, Dandong 118000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - You Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cunwen Pei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Rodrigues M, Xin X, Jee K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Kashiwabuchi F, Ma T, Bhutto I, Hassan SJ, Daoud Y, Baranano D, Solomon S, Lutty G, Semenza GL, Montaner S, Sodhi A. VEGF secreted by hypoxic Müller cells induces MMP-2 expression and activity in endothelial cells to promote retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2013; 62:3863-73. [PMID: 23884892 PMCID: PMC3806594 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), retinal ischemia promotes neovascularization (NV), which can lead to profound vision loss in diabetic patients. Treatment for PDR, panretinal photocoagulation, is inherently destructive and has significant visual consequences. Therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have transformed the treatment of diabetic eye disease but have proven inadequate for treating NV, prompting exploration for additional therapeutic options for PDR patients. In this regard, extracellular proteolysis is an early and sustained activity strictly required for NV. Extracellular proteolysis in NV is facilitated by the dysregulated activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Here, we set out to better understand the regulation of MMPs by ischemia in PDR. We demonstrate that accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in Müller cells induces the expression of VEGF, which, in turn, promotes increased MMP-2 expression and activity in neighboring endothelial cells (ECs). MMP-2 expression was detected in ECs in retinal NV tissue from PDR patients, whereas MMP-2 protein levels were elevated in the aqueous of PDR patients compared with controls. Our findings demonstrate a complex interplay among hypoxic Müller cells, secreted angiogenic factors, and neighboring ECs in the regulation of MMP-2 in retinal NV and identify MMP-2 as a target for the treatment of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Rodrigues
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoban Xin
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Jee
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Imran Bhutto
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Syed Junaid Hassan
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yassine Daoud
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Baranano
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sharon Solomon
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gerard Lutty
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Biological Chemistry, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Corresponding author: Akrit Sodhi,
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Lee YW, Cho HJ, Lee WH, Sonntag WE. Whole brain radiation-induced cognitive impairment: pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:357-70. [PMID: 24009822 PMCID: PMC3762274 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy, the most commonly used for the treatment of brain tumors, has been shown to be of major significance in tu-mor control and survival rate of brain tumor patients. About 200,000 patients with brain tumor are treated with either partial large field or whole brain radiation every year in the United States. The use of radiation therapy for treatment of brain tumors, however, may lead to devastating functional deficits in brain several months to years after treatment. In particular, whole brain radiation therapy results in a significant reduction in learning and memory in brain tumor patients as long-term consequences of treatment. Although a number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the pathogenesis of radiation-mediated brain injury, the cel-lular and molecular mechanisms by which radiation induces damage to normal tissue in brain remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms of whole brain radiation-induced cognitive impairment and the iden-tification of novel therapeutic targets. Specifically, we review the current knowledge about the effects of whole brain radiation on pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory pathways, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) system and extracellular matrix (ECM), and physiological angiogenesis in brain. These studies may provide a foundation for defin-ing a new cellular and molecular basis related to the etiology of cognitive impairment that occurs among patients in response to whole brain radiation therapy. It may also lead to new opportunities for therapeutic interventions for brain tumor patients who are undergoing whole brain radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA ; School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Capozzi ME, Gordon AY, Penn JS, Jayagopal A. Molecular imaging of retinal disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013; 29:275-86. [PMID: 23421501 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2012.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of the eye plays an important role in ocular therapeutic discovery and evaluation in preclinical models and patients. Advances in ophthalmic imaging instrumentation have enabled visualization of the retina at an unprecedented resolution. These developments have contributed toward early detection of the disease, monitoring of disease progression, and assessment of the therapeutic response. These powerful technologies are being further harnessed for clinical applications by configuring instrumentation to detect disease biomarkers in the retina. These biomarkers can be detected either by measuring the intrinsic imaging contrast in tissue, or by the engineering of targeted injectable contrast agents for imaging of the retina at the cellular and molecular level. Such approaches have promise in providing a window on dynamic disease processes in the retina such as inflammation and apoptosis, enabling translation of biomarkers identified in preclinical and clinical studies into useful diagnostic targets. We discuss recently reported and emerging imaging strategies for visualizing diverse cell types and molecular mediators of the retina in vivo during health and disease, and the potential for clinical translation of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Capozzi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-8808, USA
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Li J, Wang JJ, Peng Q, Chen C, Humphrey MB, Heinecke J, Zhang SX. Macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) deficiency mitigates retinal inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52699. [PMID: 23285156 PMCID: PMC3527600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis is a major cause of vision loss in ischemic and inflammatory retinal diseases. Recent evidence implicates macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12), a macrophage-derived elastinolytic protease in inflammation, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. However, little is known about the role of MMP-12 in retinal pathophysiology. The present study aims to explore the enzyme’s contributions to retinal angiogenesis in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) using MMP-12 knockout (KO) mice. We find that MMP-12 expression was upregulated in OIR, accompanied by elevated macrophage infiltration and increased inflammatory markers. Compared to wildtype mice, MMP-12 KO mice had decreased levels of adhesion molecule and inflammatory cytokines and reduced vascular leakage in OIR. Concomitantly, these mice had markedly reduced macrophage content in the retina with impaired macrophage migratory capacity. Significantly, loss of MMP-12 attenuated retinal capillary dropout in early OIR and mitigated pathological retinal neovascularization (NV). Similar results were observed in the study using MMP408, a pharmacological inhibitor of MMP-12. Intriguingly, in contrast to reducing pathological angiogenesis, lack of MMP-12 accelerated revascularization of avascular retina in OIR. Taken together, we conclude that MMP-12 is a key regulator of macrophage infiltration and inflammation, contributing to retinal vascular dysfunction and pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Humphrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jay Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Siemerink MJ, Klaassen I, Van Noorden CJF, Schlingemann RO. Endothelial tip cells in ocular angiogenesis: potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy. J Histochem Cytochem 2012; 61:101-15. [PMID: 23092791 PMCID: PMC3636692 DOI: 10.1369/0022155412467635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial tip cells are leading cells at the tips of vascular sprouts coordinating multiple processes during angiogenesis. In the developing retina, tip cells play a tightly controlled, timely role in angiogenesis. In contrast, excessive numbers of tip cells are a characteristic of the chaotic pathological blood vessels in proliferative retinopathies. Tip cells control adjacent endothelial cells in a hierarchical manner to form the stalk of the sprouting vessel, using, among others, the VEGF-DLL-Notch signaling pathway, and recruit pericytes. Tip cells are guided toward avascular areas by signals from the local extracellular matrix that are released by cells from the neuroretina such as astrocytes. Recently, tip cells were identified in endothelial cell cultures, enabling identification of novel molecular markers and mechanisms involved in tip cell biology. These mechanisms are relevant for understanding proliferative retinopathies. Agents that primarily target tip cells can block pathological angiogenesis in the retina efficiently and safely without adverse effects. A striking example is platelet-derived growth factor, which was recently shown to be an efficacious additional target in the treatment of retinal neovascularization. Here we discuss these and other tip cell-based strategies with respect to their potential to treat patients with ocular diseases dominated by neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Siemerink
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Chintala H, Liu H, Parmar R, Kamalska M, Kim YJ, Lovett D, Grant MB, Chaqour B. Connective tissue growth factor regulates retinal neovascularization through p53 protein-dependent transactivation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 gene. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40570-85. [PMID: 23048035 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.386565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in pathological angiogenesis in the retina is unknown. RESULTS CTGF/CCN2 stimulates retinal neovascularization through transactivation of p53 target genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. CONCLUSION CTGF/CCN2 effects on abnormal vessel formation in the retina are mediated by p53 and MMP-2. SIGNIFICANCE CTGF/CCN2 and its downstream effectors are potential targets in the development of new antiangiogenic treatments. Pathological angiogenesis in the retina is driven by dysregulation of hypoxia-driven stimuli that coordinate physiological vessel growth. How the various components of the neovascularization signaling network are integrated to yield pathological changes has not been defined. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is an inducible matricellular protein that plays a major role in fibroproliferative disorders. Here, we show that CTGF/CCN2 was dynamically expressed in the developing murine retinal vasculature and was abnormally increased and localized within neovascular tufts in the mouse eye with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Consistent with its propitious vascular localization, ectopic expression of the CTGF/CCN2 gene further accelerated neovascularization, whereas lentivirus-mediated loss-of-function or -expression of CTGF/CCN2 harnessed ischemia-induced neovessel outgrowth in oxygen-induced retinopathy mice. The neovascular effects of CTGF/CCN2 were mediated, at least in part, through increased expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, which drives vascular remodeling through degradation of matrix and non matrix proteins, migration and invasion of endothelial cells, and formation of new vascular patterns. In cultured cells, CTGF/CCN2 activated the MMP-2 promoter through increased expression and tethering of the p53 transcription factor to a highly conserved p53-binding sequence within the MMP-2 promoter. Concordantly, the neovascular effects of CTGF/CCN2 were suppressed by p53 inhibition that culminated in reduced enrichment of the MMP-2 promoter with p53 and decreased MMP-2 gene expression. Our data identified new gene targets and downstream effectors of CTGF/CCN2 and provided the rational basis for targeting the p53 pathway to curtail the effects of CTGF/CCN2 on neovessel formation associated with ischemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hembindu Chintala
- State University of New York Eye Institute, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by pathologic retinal angiogenesis, is a major cause of blindness in the USA and globally. Treatments targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have emerged as a beneficial part of the therapeutic armamentarium for this condition, highlighting the utility of identifying and targeting specific pathogenic molecules. There continues to be active research into the molecular players regulating retinal angiogenesis, including pro-angiogenic factors, anti-angiogenic factors, and integrins and matrix proteinases. New insights have been especially prominent regarding molecules which regulate specialized endothelial cells called tip cells, which play a lead role in endothelial sprouting. Together, these research efforts are uncovering new, important molecular regulators of retinal angiogenesis, which provide fertile areas for therapeutic exploration. This review discusses potential molecular targets, with an emphasis towards newer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Ophthalmologic Department, China-Japan Union Hospital, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Di Y, Zhang YO, Yang Y, Wang AY, Lu Y, Chen XL. Efficacy of intravitreal captopril on oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice. Int J Ophthalmol 2011; 4:361-4. [PMID: 22553681 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2011.04.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the inhibitory effect of intravitreal captopril on oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) in mice. METHODS Eighty postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into treated group and control group with forty mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 75% ± 2% oxygen for 5 days (P7-P11) and then returned to room air for 5 days (P12-P17) to induce retinal neovascularization (RNV). Beginning on P12, the mice in treated group received daily intravitreal injections of captopril (3.0mL/kg), while those in control group received daily intravitreal injections of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (3.0mL/kg) through P17. After anesthetized at P17, one eye was chosen randomly as experimental eye and were enucleated. RNV was examined by Adenosine diphosphate-ase (ADPase) stained retina flat-mounts and was quantitated histologically by counting the neovascular endothelial cell nuclei anterior to inner limiting membrane (ILM). The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS Comparing with control group, more regular distributions, better branch and reduced density of RNV were observed in eyes of treated group. The number of neovascular cell nuclei was less in treated group than that in control group (t=6.135, P<0.01). Stain of MMP-2 and VEGF was weaker in treated group than that in control group. CONCLUSION The results indicate that captopril can significantly inhibit RNV in OIR mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Yanni SE, Clark ML, Yang R, Bingaman DP, Penn JS. The effects of nepafenac and amfenac on retinal angiogenesis. Brain Res Bull 2010; 81:310-9. [PMID: 19897019 PMCID: PMC2815002 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nepafenac is a potent NSAID that rapidly penetrates the eye following topical ocular administration. In the eye, nepafenac is converted to amfenac, which has unique time-dependent inhibitory properties for COX-1 and COX-2. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the capacity of amfenac to inhibit discrete aspects of the angiogenic cascade in vitro, and to test the efficacy of amfenac and nepafenac in vivo, using the rat OIR model. METHODS Müller cells were treated with amfenac, celecoxib (COX-2), or SC-560 (COX-1), and hypoxia-induced VEGF and PGE(2) assessed. Endothelial cells were treated with amfenac, celecoxib, or SC-560, and VEGF-induced proliferation and tube formation assessed. Rat pups were subjected to OIR, received intravitreal injections of amfenac, celecoxib, or SC-560, and neovascularization (NV), prostanoid production, and VEGF assessed. Other OIR-exposed pups were treated with topical nepafenac, ketorolac, or diclofenac, and inhibition of NV assessed. RESULTS Amfenac treatment failed to inhibit hypoxia-induced VEGF production. Amfenac treatment significantly inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation and proliferation by EC. Amfenac treatment significantly reduced retinal prostanoid production and NV in OIR. Nepafenac treatment significantly reduced retinal NV in OIR; ketorolac and diclofenac had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Nepafenac and amfenac inhibit OIR more effectively than the commercially available topical and injectable NSAIDs used in this study. Our data suggests there are COX-dependent and COX-independent mechanisms by which amfenac inhibits OIR. Because it is bioavailable to the posterior segment following topical delivery, nepafenac appears to be a promising advancement in the development of therapies for neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Yanni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Monika L. Clark
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David P. Bingaman
- Retina Pharmaceutical Research, Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas
| | - John S. Penn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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Ebrahem Q, Chaurasia SS, Vasanji A, Qi JH, Klenotic PA, Cutler A, Asosingh K, Erzurum S, Anand-Apte B. Cross-talk between vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases in the induction of neovascularization in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:496-503. [PMID: 19948826 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.080642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a specialized group of enzymes capable of proteolytically degrading extracellular matrix proteins, have been postulated to play an important role in angiogenesis. It has been suggested that MMPs can regulate neovascularization using mechanisms other than simple remodeling of the capillary basement membrane. To determine the interplay between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and MMPs, we investigated the induction of angiogenesis by recombinant active MMPs and VEGF in vivo. Using a rat corneal micropocket in vivo angiogenesis assay, we observed that the active form of MMP-9 could induce neovascularization in vivo when compared with the pro- form of the enzyme as a control. This angiogenic response could be inhibited by neutralizing VEGF antibody, which suggests that MMPs acts upstream of VEGF. Additional in vitro studies using extracellular matrix loaded with radiolabeled VEGF determined that active MMPs can enzymatically release sequestered VEGF. Interestingly, in vivo angiogenesis induced by VEGF could be inhibited by MMP inhibitors, indicating that MMPs also act downstream of VEGF. In addition, inflammation plays an important role in the induction of angiogenesis mediated by both VEGF and MMPs. Our results suggest that MMPs act both upstream and downstream of VEGF and imply that potential combination therapies of VEGF and MMP inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic approach in diseases of pathological neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quteba Ebrahem
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Yanni SE, Barnett JM, Clark ML, Penn JS. The role of PGE2 receptor EP4 in pathologic ocular angiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:5479-86. [PMID: 19494202 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PGE(2) binds to PGE(2) receptors (EP(1-4)). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of the EP(4) receptor in angiogenic cell behaviors of retinal Müller cells and retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) and to assess the efficacy of an EP(4) antagonist in rat models of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LCNV). METHODS Müller cells derived from COX-2-null mice were treated with increasing concentrations of the EP(4) agonist PGE(1)-OH, and wild-type Müller cells were treated with increasing concentrations of the EP(4) antagonist L-161982; VEGF production was assessed. Human RMECs (HRMECs) were treated with increasing concentrations of L-161982, and cell proliferation and tube formation were assessed. Rats subjected to OIR or LCNV were administered L-161982, and the neovascular area was measured. RESULTS COX-2-null mouse Müller cells treated with increasing concentrations of PGE(1)-OH demonstrated a significant increase in VEGF production (P < or = 0.0165). Wild-type mouse Müller cells treated with increasing concentrations of L-161982 demonstrated a significant decrease in VEGF production (P < or = 0.0291). HRMECs treated with increasing concentrations of L-161982 demonstrated a significant reduction in VEGF-induced cell proliferation (P < or = 0.0033) and tube formation (P < 0.0344). L-161982 treatment significantly reduced pathologic neovascularization in OIR (P < 0.0069) and LCNV (P < or = 0.0329). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary investigation has demonstrated that EP(4) activation or inhibition influences the behaviors of two retinal cell types known to play roles in pathologic ocular angiogenesis. These findings suggest that the EP(4) receptor may be a valuable therapeutic target in neovascular eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Yanni
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 139:211-5. [PMID: 18656717 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression and clinical significance of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study involved 54 patients. There were three groups: nasal polyposis group, chronic rhinosinusitis group, and control group. Specimens were collected during endoscopic sinus surgery. Each sample was immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS Expression of MMP-2 was found significantly increased in NP, whereas MMP-7 expression was found significantly increased in CRS (P < 0.001). TIMP-1 was significantly high in control group compared to CRS and NP (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Different regulation type of activation of MMPs has been found in these two diseases. If MMP-2 expression is intense in the mucosa, then this ends with polyp formation; if MMP-7 expression is intense, it ends with CRS or stays as CRS.
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He T, Xing YQ, Zhao XH, Ai M. Interaction between iNOS and COX-2 in Hypoxia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization in Mice. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:807-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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