1
|
Traber MG. Human Vitamin E deficiency, and what is and is not Vitamin E? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:285-292. [PMID: 38242248 PMCID: PMC10923111 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koçyiğit E, Gövez NE, Arslan S, Ağagündüz D. A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38221852 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rusciano D, Bagnoli P. Pharmacotherapy and Nutritional Supplements for Neovascular Eye Diseases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1334. [PMID: 37512145 PMCID: PMC10383223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent findings about the treatment of neovascular retinal diseases. The use of conventional drugs and nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may support conventional therapies will be considered, with the final aim of achieving risk reduction (prevention) and outcome improvement (cooperation between treatments) of such sight-threatening proliferative retinopathies. For this purpose, we consider a medicinal product one that contains well-defined compound(s) with proven pharmacological and therapeutic effects, usually given for the treatment of full-blown diseases. Rarely are prescription drugs given for preventive purposes. A dietary supplement refers to a compound (often an extract or a mixture) used in the prevention or co-adjuvant treatment of a given pathology. However, it must be kept in mind that drug-supplement interactions may exist and might affect the efficacy of certain drug treatments. Moreover, the distinction between medicinal products and dietary supplements is not always straightforward. For instance, melatonin is formulated as a medicinal product for the treatment of sleep and behavioral problems; at low doses (usually below 1 mg), it is considered a nutraceutical, while at higher doses, it is sold as a psychotropic drug. Despite their lower status with respect to drugs, increasing evidence supports the notion of the beneficial effects of dietary supplements on proliferative retinopathies, a major cause of vision loss in the elderly. Therefore, we believe that, on a patient-by-patient basis, the administration of nutraceuticals, either alone or in association, could benefit many patients, delaying the progression of their disease and likely improving the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Traber MG, Cross C. Alpha-Tocopherol from people to plants is an essential cog in the metabolic machinery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:775-791. [PMID: 36793193 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Protection from oxygen, a di-radical, became a necessity with the evolution of photosynthetic organisms about 2.7 billion years. α-Tocopherol plays an essential role in organisms from plants to people. An overview of human conditions that result in severe vitamin E (α-tocopherol) deficiency is provided. RECENT ADVANCES α-Tocopherol has a critical role in the oxygen protection system by stopping lipid peroxidation, its induced damage and cellular death by ferroptosis. Recent findings in bacteria and plants support the concept of why lipid peroxidation is so dangerous to life and why the family of tocochromanols are essential for aerobic organisms and for plants. CRITICAL ISSUES The hypothesis that prevention of the propagation of lipid peroxidation is the basis for the α-tocopherol requirement in vertebrates is proposed and further that its absence dysregulates energy metabolism, one-carbon metabolism and thiol homeostasis. By recruiting intermediate metabolites from adjacent pathways to sustain effective lipid hydroperoxide elimination, α-tocopherol function is linked not only to NADPH metabolism and its formation through the pentose phosphate pathway via glucose metabolism, but also to sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism, and to one-carbon metabolism. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Evidence from humans, animals and plants support the hypothesis but future studies are needed to assess the genetic sensors that detect lipid peroxidation and cause the ensuing metabolic dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Oregon State University, 2694, Linus Pauling Institute, 307 LPSC, Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 97331-4501;
| | - Carroll Cross
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, 12218, Sacramento, California, United States;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Edwards G, Olson CG, Euritt CP, Koulen P. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Role of Vitamin E in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:890021. [PMID: 35600628 PMCID: PMC9114494 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.890021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress and disruption of the delicate balance between oxygen-derived free radicals and antioxidants leading to many degenerative diseases. Attention has been called to all isoforms of vitamin E, with α-tocopherol being the most common form. Though similar in structure, each is diverse in antioxidant activity. Preclinical reports highlight vitamin E’s influence on cell physiology and survival through several signaling pathways by activating kinases and transcription factors relevant for uptake, transport, metabolism, and cellular action to promote neuroprotective effects. In the clinical setting, population-based studies on vitamin E supplementation have been inconsistent at times and follow-up studies are needed. Nonetheless, vitamin E’s health benefits outweigh the controversies. The goal of this review is to recognize the importance of vitamin E’s role in guarding against gradual central vision loss observed in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The therapeutic role and molecular mechanisms of vitamin E’s function in the retina, clinical implications, and possible toxicity are collectively described in the present review.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanito M. Reported evidence of vitamin E protection against cataract and glaucoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:100-119. [PMID: 34695546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cataract and glaucoma are the major causes of severe visual loss and blindness in older adults. This review article describes the currently available basic and clinical evidence regarding vitamin E protection against these eye diseases in the chronologic order of the publications. Experimental evidence has suggested both that oxidative stress due to the accumulation of free radicals plays a role in the pathogenesis of cataracts and glaucoma and that the process can be prevented or ameliorated by vitamin E. The results of observational studies have been inconsistent regarding the association between blood vitamin E levels and the risk of age-related cataract or glaucoma. Despite the encouraging effects of vitamin E from case series, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies in humans, the effects on cataract formation and/or progression have not been consistent among prospective and randomized control studies; few randomized control studies have tested the effects of supplemental vitamin E on glaucoma development or progression. Given the high prevalence of cataract and glaucoma in the elderly population, even a modest reduction in the risk for these eye diseases would potentially have a substantial public health impact; however, the potential benefits of vitamin E on cataract or glaucoma remain inconclusive and need to be carefully considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dziedziak J, Kasarełło K, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Dietary Antioxidants in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111743. [PMID: 34829613 PMCID: PMC8614766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are ophthalmic neurodegenerative diseases responsible for irreversible vision loss in the world population. Only a few therapies can be used to slow down the progression of these diseases and there are no available treatment strategies for reversing the degeneration of the neural retina. In AMD, the pathological process causes the malfunction and damage of the retinal pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors in the macula. In glaucoma, damage of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons is observed and treatment strategies are limited to intraocular pressure lowering. Therefore, other prophylactic and/or therapeutic methods are needed. Oxidative stress is involved in the neurodegenerative process accompanying both AMD and glaucoma; therefore, the use of antioxidant agents would clearly be beneficial, which is supported by the decreased prevalence and progression of AMD in patients adherent to a diet naturally rich in antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants are easily available and their use is based on the natural route of administration. Many preclinical studies both in vitro and using animal models of retinal degeneration showed the efficacy of dietary antioxidants, which was further proved in clinical trials. Resveratrol is beneficial both in AMD and glaucoma animal models, but confirmed only among AMD patients. For AMD, carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids were also proved to be sufficient in preventing neurodegeneration. For glaucoma, coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid showed efficacy for decreasing retinal ganglion cell loss and inhibiting the accompanying destructive processes. Interestingly, the benefits of vitamins, especially vitamin E was not confirmed, neither in preclinical nor in clinical studies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Synthesis and analytical characterization of all N–N-coupled, dimeric oxidation products of α-tocopheramine: hydrazo-, azo-, and azoxy-tocopherol. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTocopherols are a mixture of antioxidants which are commonly referred to as vitamin E. Tocopheramines differ from tocopherols by an amino function in lieu of the phenolic OH group. They are potent antioxidants which are used in biomedical scenarios as well as stabilizers for polymers against aging. While in aqueous media α-tocopheramine is mainly oxidized to α-tocopherylquinone and N-oxidized by-products, oxidation in apolar media or in polymeric matrices mainly leads to dimeric compounds of hitherto unknown structure. In the present study, we synthesized the whole array of N,N-dimerization product of α-tocopheramine, including the hydrazo, azo, and azoxy derivatives for the first time, and provided comprehensive analytical data as well as general protocols to access the compounds in straightforward syntheses. These results can now be used to identify the common oxidation by-products of α -tocopheramine in different reaction systems.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
9
|
Patel A, Hofinger A, Rosenau T. Synthesis and analytical characterization of monomeric N-oxidized derivatives of α-tocopheramine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstractα-Tocopheramine has shown great promises as a stabilizer for synthetic and natural polymers, but is also investigated in various biomedical scenarios. Many studies have been hampered by the fact that the oxidation products of α-tocopheramine have not yet been properly identified and their analytical data are still lacking. In the present study, we synthesized and fully analytically characterized all N-oxidation products that can form upon oxidation of α-tocopheramine in aqueous media, including the hydroxylamine, nitroso, and nitro derivative, in this way providing standards for the identification of the so far elusive byproducts. Synthesis and stability of the derivatives are discussed.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
10
|
Banerjee M, Chawla R, Kumar A. Antioxidant supplements in age-related macular degeneration: are they actually beneficial? Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021; 13:25158414211030418. [PMID: 34471798 PMCID: PMC8404659 DOI: 10.1177/25158414211030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the prominent causes of central visual loss in the older age group in the urbanized, industrialized world. In recent years, many epidemiological studies and clinical trials have evaluated the role of antioxidants and micronutrients to prevent the progression of ARMD. In this article, we review some of these major studies. In addition, we review the absorption and bioavailability and possible undesirable effects of these nutrients after ingestion. The role of genotypes and inappropriate use of these supplements are also discussed. From all the above evidence, we conclude that it may not be prudent to prescribe these formulations without a proper assessment of the individual's health and dietary status. The effectiveness of all the components in antioxidant formulations is controversial. Thus, these supplements should not be prescribed just for the purpose of providing patients some kind of therapy, which may give a false sense of mental satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Banerjee
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Widomska J, SanGiovanni JP, Subczynski WK. Why is Zeaxanthin the Most Concentrated Xanthophyll in the Central Fovea? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051333. [PMID: 32392888 PMCID: PMC7284714 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-based xanthophylls (zeaxanthin and lutein) are conditionally essential polar carotenoids preferentially accreted in high concentrations (1 mM) to the central retina, where they have the capacity to impart unique physiologically significant biophysical biochemical properties implicated in cell function, rescue, and survival. Macular xanthophylls interact with membrane-bound proteins and lipids to absorb/attenuate light energy, modulate oxidative stress and redox balance, and influence signal transduction cascades implicated in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. There is exclusive transport, sequestration, and appreciable bioamplification of macular xanthophylls from the circulating carotenoid pool to the retina and within the retina to regions required for high-resolution sensory processing. The distribution of diet-based macular xanthophylls and the lutein metabolite meso-zeaxanthin varies considerably by retinal eccentricity. Zeaxanthin concentrations are 2.5-fold higher than lutein in the cone-dense central fovea. This is an ~20-fold increase in the molar ratio relative to eccentric retinal regions with biochemically detectable macular xanthophylls. In this review, we discuss how the differences in the specific properties of lutein and zeaxanthin could help explain the preferential accumulation of zeaxanthin in the most vulnerable region of the macula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Widomska
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1657 East Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.P.S.); Tel.: 48-81448-6333 (J.W.)
| | - Witold K. Subczynski
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nutrients for Prevention of Macular Degeneration and Eye-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040085. [PMID: 30986936 PMCID: PMC6523787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of macular degeneration can be reduced through the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, supplements, and nutraceutical formulas. This review focuses on the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that have been reported for reducing the risk of macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases. Antioxidants including anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins have been shown to reduce the risk of eye-related diseases. Anthocyanins extracted from berries are powerful antioxidants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, and petunidin are anthocyanin aglycones detected in berries, currants, and other colored fruits and vegetables. β-Carotene, as well as xanthophyll lutein and zeaxanthin, have been reported to reduce the risk of macular degeneration. Flavonoids from plants help in the prevention of eye-related diseases through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. A combination of these antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals possess a synergistic effect on the prevention or risk reduction of macular degeneration. Formulas have been developed as dietary supplements to cater to the high demand from consumers and patients with eye problems. Many of the formulated dietary supplements that are sold in the market have been clinically proven for their efficacy to treat eye diseases. Although the bioactivities in the supplement capsules or tablets have been scientifically established for reducing risks of several diseases, which include macular degeneration and other eye-related diseases, knowledge on the right dosage, efficacy, and bioavailability of antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals is important for consumers. The information may help them make the best decision in choosing the right dietary supplements and nutraceuticals following the evidence-based recommended dosages and reference intakes for improving general health and preventing eye-related diseases. This review covers the potential causal factors involved in eye diseases, clinically proven treatments, and controversial findings on the antioxidants in the prevention of macular degeneration. Future studies should consider multiethnic and multicenter trials for eliminating potential bias in research.
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang X, Zhen J, Dong S, Zhang H, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Yuan L. DHA and vitamin E antagonized the Aβ25–35-mediated neuron oxidative damage through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways and regulation of CD36, SRB1 and FABP5 expression in PC12 cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:1049-1061. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and/or vitamin E (VE) in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Huang
- School of Public Health
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhen
- School of Public Health
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P.R. China
| | - Shengqi Dong
- School of Public Health
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P.R. China
| | - Huiqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P.R. China
| | | | - Linhong Yuan
- School of Public Health
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
- P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietary Vitamin E Status Dictates Oxidative Stress Outcomes by Modulating Effects of Fish Oil Supplementation in Alzheimer Disease Model APPswe/PS1dE9 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9204-9219. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
15
|
Abstract
There are several extrinsic and intrinsic factors involving reactive oxygen species that play critical roles in tumor development and progression by inducing DNA mutations, genomic instability, and aberrant pro-tumorigenic signaling. There are various essential micronutrients including minerals and vitamins in the diet, which play pivotal roles in maintaining and reinforcing antioxidant performance, affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) and encoding proteins for carcinogenesis. A lot of these antioxidant agents are available as dietary supplements and are predominant worldwide. However, the best antioxidant micronutrient (or a combination of micronutrients) for reducing cancer risks is unknown. The purpose of this review is to survey the literature on modern biological theories of cancer and the roles of dietary antioxidants in cancer. The roles and functions of antioxidant micronutrients, such as vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), selenium, and vitamin A, provided through diet for the prevention of cancer are discussed in the present work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Wu
- a School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Jiaoni Cheng
- b Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases, Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University , Kunming , China
| | - Xu Wang
- a School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alpha tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP) is expressed in endometrial carcinoma and is correlated with FIGO stage and 5-year survival. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:773-781. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
Dong J, Shichiri M, Chung CI, Shibata T, Uchida K, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Ueda H. An open sandwich immunoassay for detection of 13(R,S)-hydroxy-9(E),11(E)-octadecadienoic acid. Analyst 2017; 142:787-793. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is involved in many disorders and diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and even aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Dong
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Japan
| | - Chan-I. Chung
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Health Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gorusupudi A, Nelson K, Bernstein PS. The Age-Related Eye Disease 2 Study: Micronutrients in the Treatment of Macular Degeneration. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:40-53. [PMID: 28096126 PMCID: PMC5227975 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.013177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly. With an increasingly aged population worldwide, the need for the prevention of AMD is rising. Multiple studies investigating AMD with the use of animal models and cell culture have identified oxidative stress-related retinal damage as an important contributing factor. In general, diet is an excellent source of the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals necessary for healthy living; moreover, the general public is often receptive to recommendations made by physicians and health care workers regarding diet and supplements as a means of empowering themselves to avoid common and worrisome ailments such as AMD, which has made epidemiologists and clinicians enthusiastic about dietary intervention studies. A wide variety of nutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids, and various carotenoids, have been associated with reducing the risk of AMD. Initial results from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) indicated that supplementation with antioxidants (β-carotene and vitamins C and E) and zinc was associated with a reduced risk of AMD progression. The AREDS2 follow-up study, designed to improve upon the earlier formulation, tested the addition of lutein, zeaxanthin, and ω-3 fatty acids. In this review, we examine the science behind the nutritional factors included in these interventional studies and the reasons for considering their inclusion to lower the rate of AMD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Gorusupudi
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kelly Nelson
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paul S Bernstein
- Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma DJ, Yu HG. Nutritional supplement for age-related macular degeneration. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2016. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2016.59.12.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Retinal Degeneration Research Lab, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is recognised as a key essential lipophilic antioxidant in humans protecting lipoproteins, PUFA, cellular and intra-cellular membranes from damage. The aim of this review was to evaluate the relevant published data about vitamin E requirements in relation to dietary PUFA intake. Evidence in animals and humans indicates a minimal basal requirement of 4–5 mg/d of RRR-α-tocopherol when the diet is very low in PUFA. The vitamin E requirement will increase with an increase in PUFA consumption and with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the diet. The vitamin E requirement related to dietary linoleic acid, which is globally the major dietary PUFA in humans, was calculated to be 0·4–0·6 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/g of linoleic acid. Animal studies show that for fatty acids with a higher degree of unsaturation, the vitamin E requirement increases almost linearly with the degree of unsaturation of the PUFA in the relative ratios of 0·3, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic fatty acids, respectively. Assuming a typical intake of dietary PUFA, a vitamin E requirement ranging from 12 to 20 mg of RRR-α-tocopherol/d can be calculated. A number of guidelines recommend to increase PUFA intake as they have well-established health benefits. It will be prudent to assure an adequate vitamin E intake to match the increased PUFA intake, especially as vitamin E intake is already below recommendations in many populations worldwide.
Collapse
|
21
|
Schmidl D, Garhöfer G, Schmetterer L. Nutritional supplements in age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:105-21. [PMID: 25586104 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most frequent cause of blindness in the Western World. While with new therapies that are directed towards vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potentially efficient treatment option for the wet form of the disease has been introduced, a therapeutic regimen for dry AMD is still lacking. There is evidence from several studies that oral intake of supplements is beneficial in preventing progression of the disease. Several formulations of micronutrients are currently available. The present review focuses on the role of supplements in the treatment and prevention of AMD and sums up the current knowledge about the most frequently used micronutrients. In addition, regulatory issues are discussed, and future directions for the role of supplementation in AMD are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Schmidl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Gerhard Garhöfer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iwasa K, Shima K, Komai K, Nishida Y, Yokota T, Yamada M. Retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration in a patient with ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency with a novel c.717 del C mutation in the TTPA gene. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:228-30. [PMID: 25066259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation in the α-tocopherol transfer protein gene (TTPA). The clinical features of the disease resemble Friedreich's ataxia. However, AVED is associated with low plasma vitamin E levels, which results in compromised antioxidant function. Dysregulation of this lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamin plays a major role in the neurodegeneration observed in AVED. Some AVED patients experience decreased visual acuity. Retinitis pigmentosa is thought to be the main cause of this visual impairment. Although antioxidant levels are important for the prevention of macular degeneration, there have been no reports of macular degeneration in AVED. Here, we describe a patient with AVED with progressive macular degeneration, who carried a novel truncating mutation-c.717 del C (p.D239EfsX25)-in exon 5 of the TTPA gene. These findings suggest that this newly identified mutation results in severely low serum vitamin E levels, which may be associated with the development of retinitis pigmentosa and macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Iwasa
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Shima
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| | - Kiyonobu Komai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Iou National Hospital, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Nishida
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Umeno A, Shichiri M, Ishida N, Hashimoto Y, Abe K, Kataoka M, Yoshino K, Hagihara Y, Aki N, Funaki M, Asada Y, Yoshida Y. Singlet oxygen induced products of linoleates, 10- and 12-(Z,E)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE), can be potential biomarkers for early detection of type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63542. [PMID: 23691063 PMCID: PMC3655182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tests such as glycemic indicators have limitations for early detection of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), which leads to diabetes. Oxidative stress induced by various oxidants in a random and destructive manner is considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of a number of human disorders and diseases such as impaired glucose tolerance. We have developed an improved method for the measurement of in vivo lipid peroxidation, where the presence of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and 7-hydroxycholesterol (7-OHCh), as well as their parent molecules, linoleic acid (LA) and cholesterol (Ch), was determined by performing LC-MS/MS (for 8-iso-PGF2α, HODE, and HETE) and GC-MS (for 7-OHCh, LA, and Ch) after reduction with triphenyl phosphine and saponification by potassium hydroxide. We then applied this method to volunteers (n = 57), including normal type (n = 43), “high-normal” (fasting plasma glucose, 100–109 mg/dL, n = 7), pre-diabetic type (IGT, n = 5), and diabetic type (n = 2) subjects who are diagnosed by performing oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Several biomarkers in plasma, such as insulin, leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, high sensitivity-C-reactive protein, HbA1c, and glucose levels were measured during OGTT. We found that the fasting levels of (10- and 12-(Z,E)- HODE)/LA increased significantly with increasing levels of HbA1c and glucose during OGTT and with insulin secretion and resistance index. In conclusion, 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODE may be prominent biomarkers for the early detection of IGT and “high-normal” type without OGTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YY); (MS)
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kaori Abe
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kataoka
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Yoshino
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hagihara
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nanako Aki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Funaki
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asada
- Depertment of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: (YY); (MS)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yu R, Schellhorn HE. Recent applications of engineered animal antioxidant deficiency models in human nutrition and chronic disease. J Nutr 2013; 143:1-11. [PMID: 23173175 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.168690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants are essential nutrients that inhibit the oxidation of biologically important molecules and suppress the toxicity of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. When the total antioxidant capacity is insufficient to quench these reactive species, oxidative damage occurs and contributes to the onset and progression of chronic diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. However, epidemiological studies that examine the relationship between antioxidants and disease outcome can only identify correlative associations. Additionally, many antioxidants also have prooxidant effects. Thus, clinically relevant animal models of antioxidant function are essential for improving our understanding of the role of antioxidants in the pathogenesis of complex diseases as well as evaluating the therapeutic potential and risks of their supplementation. Recent progress in gene knockout mice and virus-based gene expression has potentiated these areas of study. Here, we review the current genetically modified animal models of dietary antioxidant function and their clinical relevance in chronic diseases. This review focuses on the 3 major antioxidants in the human body: vitamin C, vitamin E, and uric acid. We examine genetic models of vitamin C synthesis (guinea pig, Osteogenic Disorder Shionogi rat, Gulo(-/-) and SMP30(-/-) mouse mutants) and transport (Slc23a1(-/-) and Slc23a2(-/-) mouse mutants), vitamin E transport (Ttpa(-/-) mouse mutant), and uric acid synthesis (Uox(-/-) mouse mutant). The application of these models to current research goals is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Yu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shrader WD, Amagata A, Barnes A, Enns GM, Hinman A, Jankowski O, Kheifets V, Komatsuzaki R, Lee E, Mollard P, Murase K, Sadun AA, Thoolen M, Wesson K, Miller G. α-Tocotrienol quinone modulates oxidative stress response and the biochemistry of aging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3693-8. [PMID: 21600768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report that α-tocotrienol quinone (ATQ3) is a metabolite of α-tocotrienol, and that ATQ3 is a potent cellular protectant against oxidative stress and aging. ATQ3 is orally bioavailable, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and has demonstrated clinical response in inherited mitochondrial disease in open label studies. ATQ3 activity is dependent upon reversible 2e-redox-cycling. ATQ3 may represent a broader class of unappreciated dietary-derived phytomolecular redox motifs that digitally encode biochemical data using redox state as a means to sense and transfer information essential for cellular function.
Collapse
|
26
|
Banks R, Speakman JR, Selman C. Vitamin E supplementation and mammalian lifespan. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:719-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Gohil K, Vasu VT, Cross CE. Dietary α-tocopherol and neuromuscular health: Search for optimal dose and molecular mechanisms continues! Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:693-709. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
28
|
Dietary Marine-Derived Tocopherol has a Higher Biological Availability in Mice Relative to Alpha-Tocopherol. Lipids 2008; 44:133-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-008-3257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
29
|
Alpha-tocopherol protects against oxidative damage to lipids of the rod outer segments of the equine retina. Vet J 2008; 182:463-8. [PMID: 18829353 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a possible risk factor for eye diseases. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major events induced by oxidative stress and is particularly active in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich biomembranes. This work evaluated endogenous lipid antioxidants, in vitro non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of rod outer segment membranes (ROS), the fatty acid composition during oxidative damage of total lipids from equine retina and ROS, and the protective action of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc). The major lipid soluble antioxidant was alpha-Toc followed by retinoids and carotenoids. The retina contained a high percentage of PUFAs, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). Lipid peroxidation of the equine ROS, induced by Fe(2+)-ascorbate, was monitored using chemiluminescence (CL) with or without pre-treatment with alpha-Toc. With alpha-Toc pre-treatment, CL values were significantly decreased. The most abundant fatty acid was 22:6n-3. After 3h incubation, 95% of total PUFAs were destroyed by peroxidation, whereas in alpha-Toc pre-treated ROS the percentage was significantly decreased. The results show that the retina has an endogenous lipid soluble antioxidant system. ROS were highly sensitive to oxidative damage, since their fatty acid composition was markedly modified during the lipid peroxidation process. The protective role of alpha-Toc as an antioxidant was evident and it could be used in the treatment of equine ocular diseases in which free radicals are involved.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen J, Wang L, Chen Y, Sternberg P, Cai J. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-induced oxidative injury in the RPE. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:936-42. [PMID: 18806289 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) is a major lipid peroxidation product in the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3K) pathways affect the responses of cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to 4-HNE. METHODS Cultured ARPE-19 cells were treated with different concentrations of 4-HNE and a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The transcriptional activity of Nrf2 was measured by dual luciferase assay after transient transfection with reporter plasmids. The mRNA level of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Formation of HNE adduct on heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) was measured by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Treatment with 4-HNE increased Nrf2 activity and GSH synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in cultured RPE cells. The modulatory subunit of GCL was upregulated by 4-HNE. Antioxidant responses were largely abolished by pretreatment with LY294002. The modification of Hsc70 by 4-HNE was increased when PI3K was inhibited. CONCLUSIONS The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response protects against 4-HNE toxicity, and this protective mechanism is dependent on the functions of the PI3K pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Chen
- Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Simultaneous measurement of F2-isoprostane, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and hydroxycholesterols from physiological samples. Anal Biochem 2008; 379:105-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Gohil K, Oommen S, Quach HT, Vasu VT, Aung HH, Schock B, Cross CE, Vatassery GT. Mice lacking alpha-tocopherol transfer protein gene have severe alpha-tocopherol deficiency in multiple regions of the central nervous system. Brain Res 2008; 1201:167-76. [PMID: 18299118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency is caused by mutations in alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) gene and it can be experimentally generated in mice by alpha-TTP gene inactivation (alpha-TTP-KO). This study compared alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentrations of five brain regions and of four peripheral organs from 5 months old, male and female, wild-type (WT) and alpha-TTP-KO mice. All brain regions of female WT mice contained significantly higher alpha-T than those from WT males. alpha-T concentration in the cerebellum was significantly lower than that in other brain regions of WT mice. These sex and regional differences in brain alpha-T concentrations do not appear to be determined by alpha-TTP expression which was undetectable in all brain regions. All the brain regions of alpha-TTP-KO mice were severely depleted in alpha-T. The concentration of another endogenous antioxidant, total glutathione, was unaffected by gender but was decreased slightly but significantly in most brain regions of alpha-TTP-KO mice. The results show that both gender and the hepatic alpha-TTP, but not brain alpha-TTP gene expression are important in determining alpha-T concentrations within the brain. Interestingly, functional abnormality (ataxia) develops only very late in alpha-TTP-KO mice in spite of the severe alpha-tocopherol deficiency in the brain starting at an early age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishorchandra Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lim Y, Traber MG. Alpha-Tocopherol Transfer Protein (alpha-TTP): Insights from Alpha-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Knockout Mice. Nutr Res Pract 2007; 1:247-53. [PMID: 20368946 PMCID: PMC2849030 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2007.1.4.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) is a liver cytosolic transport protein that faciliates alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) transfer into liver secreted plasma lipoproteins. Genetic defects in alpha-TTP, like dietary vitamin E deficiency, are associated with infertility, muscular weakness and neurological disorders. Both human and alpha-TTP deficient (alpha-TTP(-/-)) mice exhibit severe plasma and tissue vitamin E deficiency that can be attenuated by sufficient dietary alpha-T supplementations. In this review, we summarize the literature concerning studies utilizing the alpha-TTP(-/-) mice. Levels of vitamin E in the alpha-TTP(-/-) mice do not appear to be directly related to the amounts of dietary alpha-T or to the levels of alpha-TTP protein in tissues. The alpha-TTP(-/-) mice appear to present a good model for investigating the specific role of alpha-T in tissue vitamin E metabolism. Furthermore, alpha-TTP(-/-) mice appear to be useful to elucidate functions of alpha-TTP beyond its well recognized functions of transferring alpha-T from liver to plasma lipoprotein fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yin H. Quest for better antioxidants: a commentary on "enhanced radical-scavenging activity by antioxidant-functionalized gold nanoparticles: a novel inspiration for development of new artificial antioxidant". Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1229-30. [PMID: 17893034 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Yin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Traber MG, Atkinson J. Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:4-15. [PMID: 17561088 PMCID: PMC2040110 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 837] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All of the naturally occurring vitamin E forms, as well as those of synthetic all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, have relatively similar antioxidant properties, so why does the body prefer alpha-tocopherol as its unique form of vitamin E? We propose the hypothesis that all of the observations concerning the in vivo mechanism of action of alpha-tocopherol result from its role as a potent lipid-soluble antioxidant. The purpose of this review then is to describe the evidence for alpha-tocopherol's in vivo function and to make the claim that alpha-tocopherol's major vitamin function, if not only function, is that of a peroxyl radical scavenger. The importance of this function is to maintain the integrity of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membranes of cells and thus maintain their bioactivity. That is to say that these bioactive lipids are important signaling molecules and that changes in their amounts, or in their loss due to oxidation, are the key cellular events that are responded to by cells. The various signaling pathways that have been described by others to be under alpha-tocopherol regulation appear rather to be dependent on the oxidative stress of the cell or tissue under question. Moreover, it seems unlikely that these pathways are specifically under the control of alpha-tocopherol given that various antioxidants other than alpha-tocopherol and various oxidative stressors can manipulate their responses. Thus, virtually all of the variation and scope of vitamin E's biological activity can be seen and understood in the light of protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the membrane qualities (fluidity, phase separation, and lipid domains) that polyunsaturated fatty acids bring about.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|