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Kagan VE, Tyurina YY, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Damschroder D, Vieira Neto E, Lasorsa A, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Amoscato AA, Samovich SN, Souryavong AB, Dar HH, Ramim A, Liang Z, Lazcano P, Ji J, Schmidtke MW, Kiselyov K, Korkmaz A, Vladimirov GK, Artyukhova MA, Rampratap P, Cole LK, Niyatie A, Baker EK, Peterson J, Hatch GM, Atkinson J, Vockley J, Kühn B, Wessells R, van der Wel PCA, Bahar I, Bayir H, Greenberg ML. Anomalous peroxidase activity of cytochrome c is the primary pathogenic target in Barth syndrome. Nat Metab 2023; 5:2184-2205. [PMID: 37996701 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a life-threatening genetic disorder with unknown pathogenicity caused by mutations in TAFAZZIN (TAZ) that affect remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL). TAZ deficiency leads to accumulation of mono-lyso-CL (MLCL), which forms a peroxidase complex with cytochrome c (cyt c) capable of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids. We hypothesized that accumulation of MLCL facilitates formation of anomalous MLCL-cyt c peroxidase complexes and peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid phospholipids as the primary BTHS pathogenic mechanism. Using genetic, biochemical/biophysical, redox lipidomic and computational approaches, we reveal mechanisms of peroxidase-competent MLCL-cyt c complexation and increased phospholipid peroxidation in different TAZ-deficient cells and animal models and in pre-transplant biopsies from hearts of patients with BTHS. A specific mitochondria-targeted anti-peroxidase agent inhibited MLCL-cyt c peroxidase activity, prevented phospholipid peroxidation, improved mitochondrial respiration of TAZ-deficient C2C12 myoblasts and restored exercise endurance in a BTHS Drosophila model. Targeting MLCL-cyt c peroxidase offers therapeutic approaches to BTHS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Deena Damschroder
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Vieira Neto
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessia Lasorsa
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana N Samovich
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Austin B Souryavong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haider H Dar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abu Ramim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Zhuqing Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Pablo Lazcano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aybike Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georgy K Vladimirov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margarita A Artyukhova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pushpa Rampratap
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura K Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ammanamanchi Niyatie
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emma-Kate Baker
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, School of Public Health, Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic and Genomic Medicine Division, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernhard Kühn
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute for Heart Regeneration and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Laufer Center for Physical Quantitative Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care and Hospital Medicine, Redox Health Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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King N, Rivera D, Cunningham S, Pickett W, Harkness K, McNevin SH, Milanovic M, Byun J, Khanna A, Atkinson J, Saunders KEA, Duffy A. Mental health and academic outcomes over the first year at university in international compared to domestic Canadian students. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:2663-2672. [PMID: 34606410 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1982950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare risk factors and associated mental health and academic outcomes between international and domestic students. PARTICIPANTS Canadian university undergraduate students. METHODS Electronic surveys were completed at university entry and the end of first year. Surveys assessed demographics, risk factors, symptoms of mental disorders, and access to support. Academic outcomes were obtained from university databases. RESULTS International students had comparable or lower rates of clinically significant anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Domestic female students reported the highest screening rates for common mental disorders. However, international students were more likely to report having attempted suicide. International students felt less connected to the university community and had lower academic performance. Psychosocial risk factor profiles and proportions accessing mental health services were similar. CONCLUSIONS The scope of mental health need appears more similar than different between international and domestic students; however, international students may benefit from targeted academic and social support initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S H McNevin
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Milanovic
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Byun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A Khanna
- Student Wellness Services, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K E A Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Duffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Atkinson J, Burd CE, Graves J, Segal BM. Biological aging in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1701-1708. [PMID: 37877740 PMCID: PMC10843499 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231204122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is most likely to adopt a progressive clinical course during middle age or beyond, and the number of older adults with MS is steadily increasing. Developing new strategies to manage progressive forms of MS, which do not respond to currently available disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), will require a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which biological aging interacts with pathogenic pathways to propel disability accumulation. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely used preclinical mouse model of MS, middle-aged animals experience a more severe and protracted clinical course than their younger counterparts. This exacerbated disease course is accompanied by persistent neuroinflammation. Clinical studies of age-related biomarkers, such as telomere length, senescence markers, and DNA methylation, suggest that biological aging is accelerated in people with MS compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, distinguishing biological age from chronological may afford more precision in determining aging effects in MS. Here we review the current literature on aging biology and its impact on MS pathogenesis. Future research on this topic may lead to the development of novel biomarkers and senotherapy agents that slow neurological decline in people with progressive MS by targeting relevant aging-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Christin E. Burd
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and
Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Benjamin M. Segal
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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4
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Krochmalnek E, Accogli A, St-Onge J, Addour-Boudrahem N, Prakash G, Kim SH, Brunette-Clement T, Alhajaj G, Mougharbel L, Bruneau E, Myers KA, Dubeau F, Karamchandani J, Farmer JP, Atkinson J, Hall J, Chantal Poulin C, Rosenblatt B, Lafond-Lapalme J, Weil A, Fallet-Bianco C, Albrecht S, Sonenberg N, Riviere JB, Dudley RW, Srour M. mTOR Pathway Somatic Pathogenic Variants in Focal Malformations of Cortical Development: Novel Variants, Topographic Mapping, and Clinical Outcomes. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200103. [PMID: 37900581 PMCID: PMC10602370 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Somatic and germline pathogenic variants in genes of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway are a common mechanism underlying a subset of focal malformations of cortical development (FMCDs) referred to as mTORopathies, which include focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II, subtypes of polymicrogyria, and hemimegalencephaly. Our objective is to screen resected FMCD specimens with mTORopathy features on histology for causal somatic variants in mTOR pathway genes, describe novel pathogenic variants, and examine the variant distribution in relation to neuroimaging, histopathologic classification, and clinical outcomes. Methods We performed ultra-deep sequencing using a custom HaloPlexHS Target Enrichment kit in DNA from 21 resected fresh-frozen histologically confirmed FCD type II, tuberous sclerosis complex, or hemimegalencephaly specimens. We mapped the variant alternative allele frequency (AAF) across the resected brain using targeted ultra-deep sequencing in multiple formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. We also functionally validated 2 candidate somatic MTOR variants and performed targeted RNA sequencing to validate a splicing defect associated with a novel DEPDC5 variant. Results We identified causal mTOR pathway gene variants in 66.7% (14/21) of patients, of which 13 were somatic with AAF ranging between 0.6% and 12.0%. Moreover, the AAF did not predict balloon cell presence. Favorable seizure outcomes were associated with genetically clear resection borders. Individuals in whom a causal somatic variant was undetected had excellent postsurgical outcomes. In addition, we demonstrate pathogenicity of the novel c.4373_4375dupATG and candidate c.7499T>A MTOR variants in vitro. We also identified a novel germline aberrant splice site variant in DEPDC5 (c.2802-1G>C). Discussion The AAF of somatic pathogenic variants correlated with the topographic distribution, histopathology, and postsurgical outcomes. Moreover, cortical regions with absent histologic FCD features had negligible or undetectable pathogenic variant loads. By contrast, specimens with frank histologic abnormalities had detectable pathogenic variant loads, which raises important questions as to whether there is a tolerable variant threshold and whether surgical margins should be clean, as performed in tumor resections. In addition, we describe 2 novel pathogenic variants, expanding the mTORopathy genetic spectrum. Although most pathogenic somatic variants are located at mutation hotspots, screening the full-coding gene sequence remains necessary in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Krochmalnek
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Accogli
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith St-Onge
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Addour-Boudrahem
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gyan Prakash
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Brunette-Clement
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghadd Alhajaj
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lina Mougharbel
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Bruneau
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Dubeau
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Farmer
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Hall
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Chantal Poulin
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Rosenblatt
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joel Lafond-Lapalme
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Weil
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Fallet-Bianco
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Riviere
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roy W Dudley
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- From the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (E.K., J.S.-O., N.A.-B., L.M., E.B., K.A.M., J.L.-L., J.-B.R., R.W.D., M.S.); Integrated Program in Neuroscience (E.K.), McGill University; Department of Specialized Medicine (A.A.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Human Genetics (A.A., J.-B.R.), Faculty of Medicine; Goodman Cancer Centre (G.P., S.-H.K., N.S.), Department of Biochemistry, McGill University; Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery (T.B.-C., A.W.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal; Division of Pediatric Neurology (G.A., K.A.M., C.C.P., M.S.), Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (G.A.), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (K.A.M., F.D., J.H., C.C.P., M.S.), McGill University Health Centre; Department of Pathology (J.K., S.A.), McGill University; Division of Neurosurgery (J.-P.F., J.A., R.W.D.), Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Center; McGill University (B.R.); Department of Pathology (C.F.-B.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Chocron Y, Zammit D, Cugno S, Atkinson J, Gilardino MS. Atypical Presentation of a Midline Nasal Dermoid with Intracranial Extension. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2023; 31:417-420. [PMID: 37915355 PMCID: PMC10617456 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211064376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rarer than their lateral orbital counterparts, dermoid cysts are part of any differential diagnosis of a midline nasal mass in the pediatric population. Here we present a case of a nasal dermoid with intracranial extension that presented as a mass appearing at the nasal-cheek junction. This atypical presentation for a nasal dermoid highlights the need for clinicians to remain vigilant and consider midline dermoid cyst as a diagnosis despite an off-midline position on the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Chocron
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dino Zammit
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Cugno
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mirko S. Gilardino
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Wilson S, Panagabko C, Laleye T, Robinson M, Jagas S, Bowman D, Atkinson J. Synthesis of a photocleavable bola-phosphatidylcholine. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117465. [PMID: 37688997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of phospholipid metabolism, membrane trafficking, and signal transduction. Sec14 is a yeast PITP that has been shown to transfer phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. It is now believed that Sec14 may play a greater role than just shuttling PI and PC throughout the cell. Genetic evidence suggests that retrieval of membrane-bound PI by Sec14 also manages to present PI to the phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase, Pik1, to generate phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate, PI(4)P. To test this hypothetical model, we designed a photocleavable bolalipid to span the entire membrane, having one phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol headgroup on each leaflet connected by a photocleavable diacid. Sec14 should not be able to present the bola-PI to Pik1 for phosphorylation as the head group will be difficult to lift from the bilayer as it is tethered on the opposite leaflet. After photocleavage the two halves would behave as a normal phospholipid, thus phosphorylation by Pik1 would resume. We report here the synthesis of a photocleavable bola-PC, a precursor to the desired bola-PI. The mono-photocleavable bola-PC lipid was designed to contain two glycerol molecules with choline head groups connected through a phosphodiester bond at the sn3 position. Each glycerol was acylated with palmitic acid at the sn1 position. These two glycerol moieties were then connected through their respective sn2 hydroxyls via a photocleavable dicarboxylic acid containing a nitrophenyl ethyl photolabile protecting group. The bola-PC and its precursors were found to undergo efficient photocleavage when irradiated in solution or in vesicles with 365 nm light for two minutes. Treatment of the bola-PC with a mutant phospholipase D and myo-inositol produced a mono-inositol bola-PC-PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tayo Laleye
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Samuel Jagas
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Bowman
- Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
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Azzi A, Atkinson J, Ozer NK, Manor D, Wallert M, Galli F. Vitamin E discussion forum position paper on the revision of the nomenclature of vitamin E. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:178-180. [PMID: 37463635 PMCID: PMC10681751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
This position paper opens a discussion forum of this Journal dedicated to a scientific debate on Vitamin E nomenclature. With this article we provide the scientific and medical communities with what we consider relevant information in favor of revising the nomenclature of vitamin E. To our knowledge, only RRR-α-tocopherol has been medically used to protect against a deficiency disease in humans, and therefore, it would be appropriate to restrict the term vitamin to this molecule. The direct demonstration of a vitamin function to other tocochromanols (including other tocopherols, tocotrienols and eventually tocomonoenols), has not yet been scientifically shown. In fact, the medical prescription of a molecule against the deficiency disease only because it has been included in the "Vitamin E family", but not tested as vitamin E, could lead to ineffective therapy and potentially dangerous consequences for patients. The idea of this revision launched during the recent 3rd Satellite Symposium on Vitamin E of the 2022 SFRR-Europe meeting, offers a open platform of discussion for the scientists involved in vitamin E research and scientific societies interested to this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Azzi
- School of Graduate Biomedical Pharmacology and Drug Development Program, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, L2S3A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, 34662, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Danny Manor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 44106, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Wallert
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Galli
- Human Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Lab, Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06122, Perugia, Italy.
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Bokhari R, Elkaim LM, Shlobin NA, Alotaibi NM, Sabbagh AJ, Weil AG, Baeesa S, Dudley RWR, Atkinson J, Farmer JP. Vasospasm following brain tumor resection in children: institutional experience and systematic review. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2023; 32:343-350. [PMID: 37327188 DOI: 10.3171/2023.3.peds22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) associated with vasospasm is well described in the setting of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In addition, DCI is very infrequently encountered in patients who have undergone resection of a brain tumor with unclear pathophysiology. The occurrence of DCI in the pediatric population is exceedingly rare, and outcomes in this population have, to the authors' knowledge, never been systematically reviewed. Therefore, the authors present what is to their knowledge the largest series of pediatric patients with this complication and systematically reviewed the literature for individual participant data. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of 172 sellar and suprasellar tumors in pediatric patients who underwent surgery at the Montreal Children's Hospital between 1999 and 2017 to identify cases of vasospasm occurring after tumor resection. Descriptive statistics, including patient characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative findings, and outcome status, were collected. A systematic review was also conducted using three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase) to identify reported cases available in the literature of vasospasm after tumor resection in children and collect individual participant data on these patients for further analysis. RESULTS Six patients treated at Montreal Children's Hospital were identified, with an average age of 9.5 years (range 6-15 years). The prevalence of vasospasm after tumor resection was 3.5% (6/172). Vasospasm in all 6 patients occurred after craniotomy was performed to treat a suprasellar tumor. The average interval from surgery to symptoms was 3.25 days (range 12 hours-10 days). The most common tumor etiology was craniopharyngioma, seen in 4 cases. Extensive tumor encasement of blood vessels requiring significant operative manipulation was described in all 6 patients. A rapid decrease in serum sodium (exceeding 12 mEq/L/24 hrs or below 135 mEq/L) was seen in 4 patients. On final follow-up, 3 patients were left with significant disability, and all patients had persistent deficits. A systematic review of the literature revealed a total of 10 other patients whose characteristics and treatment were compared with those of the 6 patients treated at Montreal Children's Hospital. CONCLUSIONS Vasospasm after tumor resection in children and youth is likely a rare entity, with a prevalence of 3.5% in this case series. Suprasellar tumor location (particularly craniopharyngioma tumor etiology), significant encasement of blood vessels by the tumor, and postoperative hyponatremia may be predictive factors. Outcome is poor, with most patients having significant persistent neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan Bokhari
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lior M Elkaim
- 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Naif M Alotaibi
- 4Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman J Sabbagh
- 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander G Weil
- 5Division of Surgery, St-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- 6Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; and
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 7Department of Paediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 7Department of Paediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Farmer
- 2Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- 7Department of Paediatric Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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St-Denis A, Hooker M, L'Abbée Lacas K, Corriveau I, Pirmoradi M, Simard-Tremblay E, Atkinson J, Myers KA. Awake Craniotomy Language Mapping in Children With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy due to Focal Cortical Dysplasia. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 144:39-43. [PMID: 37141669 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language mapping during awake craniotomy can allow for precise resection of epileptogenic lesions, while reducing the risk of damage to eloquent cortex. There are few reports in the literature of language mapping during awake craniotomy in children with epilepsy. Some centers may avoid awake craniotomy in the pediatric age group due to concerns that children are unable to cooperate with such procedures. METHODS We reviewed pediatric patients from our center with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent language mapping during awake craniotomy and subsequent resection of the epileptogenic lesion. RESULTS Two patients were identified, both female, aged 17 years and 11 years at the time of surgery. Both patients had frequent and disabling focal seizures despite trials of multiple antiseizure medications. Both patients had resection of their epileptogenic lesions with the aid of intraoperative language mapping; in both cases pathology was consistent with focal cortical dysplasia. Both patients had transient language difficulties in the immediate postoperative period but no deficits at six-month follow-up. Both patients are now seizure-free. CONCLUSIONS Awake craniotomy should be considered in pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in whom the suspected epileptogenic lesion is in close proximity to cortical language areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane St-Denis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meredith Hooker
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine L'Abbée Lacas
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Corriveau
- Department of Psychology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Pirmoradi
- Department of Psychology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Simard-Tremblay
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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10
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Kaur S, Kanungo R, Horiuchi W, Hagen G, Holt JD, Hu BS, Miyagi T, Suzuki T, Ameil F, Atkinson J, Ayyad Y, Bagchi S, Cortina-Gil D, Dillmann I, Estradé A, Evdokimov A, Farinon F, Geissel H, Guastalla G, Janik R, Knöbel R, Kurcewicz J, Litvinov YA, Marta M, Mostazo M, Mukha I, Nociforo C, Ong HJ, Otsuka T, Pietri S, Prochazka A, Scheidenberger C, Sitar B, Strmen P, Takechi M, Tanaka J, Tanihata I, Terashima S, Vargas J, Weick H, Winfield JS. Proton Distribution Radii of ^{16-24}O: Signatures of New Shell Closures and Neutron Skin. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:142502. [PMID: 36240396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.142502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The root mean square radii of the proton density distribution in ^{16-24}O derived from measurements of charge changing cross sections with a carbon target at ∼900A MeV together with the matter radii portray thick neutron skin for ^{22-24}O despite ^{22,24}O being doubly magic. Imprints of the shell closures at N=14 and 16 are reflected in local minima of their proton radii that provide evidence for the tensor interaction causing them. The radii agree with ab initio calculations employing the chiral NNLO_{sat} interaction, though skin thickness predictions are challenged. Shell model predictions agree well with the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaur
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - R Kanungo
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - W Horiuchi
- Department of Physics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Nambu Yoichiro Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (NITEP), Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - G Hagen
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J D Holt
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - B S Hu
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 4A3, Canada
| | - T Miyagi
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Nihon University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - F Ameil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Atkinson
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Y Ayyad
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - S Bagchi
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Cortina-Gil
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - I Dillmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Estradé
- Astronomy and Physics Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Evdokimov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Farinon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - G Guastalla
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Janik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - R Knöbel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Kurcewicz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Marta
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Mostazo
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H J Ong
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
| | - T Otsuka
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - B Sitar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Strmen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Takechi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Tanaka
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
| | - I Tanihata
- RCNP, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567 0047, Japan
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering and IRCNPC, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - S Terashima
- School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering and IRCNPC, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - J Vargas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostella, Spain
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J S Winfield
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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Hazan G, Eubanks A, Gierasch C, Atkinson J, Fox C, Hernandez-Leyva A, Rosen AL, Kau AL, Agapov E, Alexander-Brett J, Steinberg D, Kelley D, White M, Byers D, Wu K, Keeler SP, Zhang Y, Koenitzer JR, Eiden E, Anderson N, Holtzman MJ, Haspel J. Age-Dependent Reduction in Asthmatic Pathology through Reprogramming of Postviral Inflammatory Responses. J Immunol 2022; 208:1467-1482. [PMID: 35173037 PMCID: PMC8917060 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of childhood, but for unknown reasons, disease activity sometimes subsides as children mature. In this study, we present clinical and animal model evidence suggesting that the age dependency of childhood asthma stems from an evolving host response to respiratory viral infection. Using clinical data, we show that societal suppression of respiratory virus transmission during coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown disrupted the traditional age gradient in pediatric asthma exacerbations, connecting the phenomenon of asthma remission to virus exposure. In mice, we show that asthmatic lung pathology triggered by Sendai virus (SeV) or influenza A virus is highly age-sensitive: robust in juvenile mice (4-6 wk old) but attenuated in mature mice (>3 mo old). Interestingly, allergen induction of the same asthmatic traits was less dependent on chronological age than viruses. Age-specific responses to SeV included a juvenile bias toward type 2 airway inflammation that emerged early in infection, whereas mature mice exhibited a more restricted bronchiolar distribution of infection that produced a distinct type 2 low inflammatory cytokine profile. In the basal state, aging produced changes to lung leukocyte burden, including the number and transcriptional landscape of alveolar macrophages (AMs). Importantly, depleting AMs in mature mice restored post-SeV pathology to juvenile levels. Thus, aging influences chronic outcomes of respiratory viral infection through regulation of the AM compartment and type 2 inflammatory responses to viruses. Our data provide insight into how asthma remission might develop in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hazan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Division of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anna Eubanks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carrie Gierasch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carolyn Fox
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ariel Hernandez-Leyva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anne L Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew L Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine and Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Eugene Agapov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jennifer Alexander-Brett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deborah Steinberg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Diane Kelley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael White
- Department of Pathology/Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Derek Byers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kangyun Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shamus P Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey R Koenitzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Elise Eiden
- Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Neil Anderson
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jeffrey Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO;
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12
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Ulatowski L, Ghelfi M, West R, Atkinson J, Finno CJ, Manor D. The tocopherol transfer protein TTP mediates Vitamin Vitamin E trafficking between cerebellar astrocytes and neurons. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101712. [PMID: 35150738 PMCID: PMC8913317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) is an essential nutrient that functions as a major lipid-soluble antioxidant in humans. The tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) binds α-tocopherol with high affinity and selectivity and regulates whole-body distribution of the vitamin. Heritable mutations in the TTPA gene result in familial vitamin E deficiency, elevated indices of oxidative stress, and progressive neurodegeneration that manifest primarily in spinocerebellar ataxia. Although the essential role of vitamin E in neurological health has been recognized for over 50 years, the mechanisms by which this essential nutrient is transported in the central nervous system are poorly understood. Here we found that, in the murine cerebellum, TTP is selectively expressed in GFAP-positive astrocytes, where it facilitates efflux of vitamin E to neighboring neurons. We also show that induction of oxidative stress enhances the transcription of the TtpA gene in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Furthermore, secretion of vitamin E from astrocytes is mediated by an ABC-type transporter, and uptake of the vitamin into neurons involves the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor. Taken together, our data indicate that TTP-expressing astrocytes control the delivery of vitamin E from astrocytes to neurons, and that this process is homeostatically responsive to oxidative stress. These are the first observations that address the detailed molecular mechanisms of vitamin E transport in the central nervous system, and these results have important implications for understanding the molecular underpinnings of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ulatowski
- Department of Biology, Ursuline College, Pepper Pike, OH 44124
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - C J Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616
| | - D Manor
- Departments of Nutrition and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106; Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106.
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Hurley D, Atkinson J. Technologically FIT for the future; utilising technology to support and future proof practice. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Atkinson J, Marquardt D, DiPasquale M, Harroun T. From fat to bilayers: Understanding where and how vitamin E works. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:73-79. [PMID: 34555454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E was one of the last fat-soluble vitamins to be discovered. We provide here an historical review of the discovery and the increasingly more detailed understanding of the role of α-tocopherol both as an antioxidant and as a structural component of phospholipid bilayer membranes. Despite the detailed descriptions now available of the orientation, location, and dynamics of α-tocopherol in lipid bilayers, there are still gaps in our knowledge of the effect of α-tocopherol and its potential receptors than control gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S3A1, Canada.
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada; Department of Physics, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | | | - Thad Harroun
- Department of Physics, and Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S3A1, Canada
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15
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Bedi R, Atkinson J. Blood Culture Contamination in a Community Hospital- less than 2% is achievable. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Blood cultures are commonly obtained to evaluate the presence of bacteria or fungal infection in a patient’s bloodstream. The presence of living microorganisms circulating in the bloodstream is of substantial prognostic and diagnostic importance. A positive blood culture indicates a reason for the patient’s illness and provides the etiological agent for antimicrobial therapy. Collection of blood culture is an exact process that requires time, the proper order of draw, and following of correct protocol. The busy Emergency department that requires multiple demands for nurse’s time, turnover of staff, rushing from one task to another can result in the improper collection and false-positive blood cultures. The national benchmark is set at 3% by the American Society of Clinical Microbiology (ASM) and The Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). False-positive blood culture results in increased length of stay and unnecessary antimicrobial therapy, resulting in an increased cost burden to the hospital of about $5000 per patient.
Methods/Case Report
At our 150-bed community hospital, 26 beds Emergency Department, we have come a long way in reduction of our blood culture contamination rates from upwards of 4% to less than 2%, far lower than the national benchmark.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
There are multiple devices available from various manufacturers claiming to reduce blood culture contamination. These devices do reduce blood culture (BC) contamination but at an added cost of the device. The rate of BC can be reduced and less than 3% is achievable by materials available in the laboratory. We have achieved this by providing training to every new staff by demonstration and direct observation, providing everything required for collection in a kit, using proper technique, the inclusion of diversion method that involves the aseptic collection of a clear tube before collecting blood cultures, and following up monthly on any false positive blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bedi
- Laboatory, AMITA St. Francis Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, UNITED STATES
| | - J Atkinson
- Laboatory, AMITA St. Francis Hospital, Evanston, Illinois, UNITED STATES
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Sherker Z, Pellett K, Atkinson J, Damborg J, Trites A. Pacific Great Blue Herons ( Ardea herodias fannini) consume thousands of juvenile salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.). CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An array of predators that consume juvenile salmon (genus Oncorhynchus Suckley, 1861) may account for the poor returns of adult salmon to the Salish Sea. However, the Pacific Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias fannini Chapman, 1901) is rarely listed among the known salmon predators, despite being regularly seen near salmon streams. Investigating heron predation by scanning nesting sites within 35 km of three British Columbia (Canada) rivers for fecal remains containing passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags implanted in >100 000 juvenile salmon from 2008 to 2018 yielded 1205 tags, representing a minimum annual predation rate of 0.3%–1.3% of all juvenile salmon. Most of this predation (99%) was caused by ∼420 adult Pacific Great Blue Herons from three heronries. Correcting for tags defecated outside of the heronry raised the predation rates to 0.7%–3.2%, and was as high as 6% during a year of low river flow. Predation occurs during chick-rearing in late spring and accounts for 4.1%–8.4% of the Pacific Great Blue Heron chick diet. Smaller salmon smolts were significantly more susceptible to Pacific Great Blue Heron predation than larger conspecifics. The proximity of heronries relative to salmon-bearing rivers is likely a good predictor of Pacific Great Blue Heron predation on local salmon runs, and can be monitored to assess coast-wide effects of Pacific Great Blue Herons on salmon recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z.T. Sherker
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - K. Pellett
- South Coast Stock Assessment Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3225 Stephenson Point Road, Nanaimo, BC V9T 1K3, Canada
| | - J. Atkinson
- Vancouver Island Division, British Columbia Conservation Foundation, 105-1885 Boxwood Road, Nanaimo, BC V9S 5X9, Canada
| | - J. Damborg
- Vancouver Island Division, British Columbia Conservation Foundation, 105-1885 Boxwood Road, Nanaimo, BC V9S 5X9, Canada
| | - A.W. Trites
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Esaulova E, Das S, Singh DK, Choreño-Parra JA, Swain A, Arthur L, Rangel-Moreno J, Ahmed M, Singh B, Gupta A, Fernández-López LA, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Bucsan A, Moodley C, Mehra S, García-Latorre E, Zuniga J, Atkinson J, Kaushal D, Artyomov MN, Khader SA. The immune landscape in tuberculosis reveals populations linked to disease and latency. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:165-178.e8. [PMID: 33340449 PMCID: PMC7878437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latently infects approximately one-fourth of the world's population. The immune mechanisms that govern progression from latent (LTBI) to active pulmonary TB (PTB) remain poorly defined. Experimentally Mtb-infected non-human primates (NHP) mirror the disease observed in humans and recapitulate both PTB and LTBI. We characterized the lung immune landscape in NHPs with LTBI and PTB using high-throughput technologies. Three defining features of PTB in macaque lungs include the influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), an Interferon (IFN)-responsive macrophage population, and activated T cell responses. In contrast, a CD27+ Natural killer (NK) cell subset accumulated in the lungs of LTBI macaques. This NK cell population was also detected in the circulation of LTBI individuals. This comprehensive analysis of the lung immune landscape will improve the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis, providing potential targets for therapies and vaccines for TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jose Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luis Alejandro Fernández-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Allison Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Ethel García-Latorre
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 07320 Mexico
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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18
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Gladding P, Atkinson J, Ayar Z. Machine Learning Applied to Routine Blood Tests to Predict Heart failure. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lam J, Tomaszewski P, Gilbert G, Moreau JT, Guiot MC, Albrecht S, Farmer JP, Atkinson J, Saint-Martin C, Wintermark P, Bernhardt B, Baillet S, Dudley RWR. The utility of arterial spin labeling in the presurgical evaluation of poorly defined focal epilepsy in children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020; 27:243-252. [PMID: 33361483 DOI: 10.3171/2020.7.peds20397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors sought to assess the utility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion 3T-MRI for the presurgical evaluation of poorly defined focal epilepsy in pediatric patients. METHODS Pseudocontinuous ASL perfusion 3T-MRI was performed in 25 consecutive children with poorly defined focal epilepsy. ASL perfusion abnormalities were detected qualitatively by visual inspection and quantitatively by calculating asymmetry index (AI) maps and significant z-score cluster maps based on successfully operated cases. ASL results were prospectively compared to scalp EEG, structural 3T-MRI, FDG-PET, ictal/interictal SPECT, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and intracranial recording results, as well as the final surgically proven epileptogenic zone (EZ) in operated patients who had at least 1 year of good (Engel class I/II) seizure outcome and positive histopathology results. RESULTS Qualitative ASL perfusion abnormalities were found in 17/25 cases (68%), specifically in 17/20 MRI-positive cases (85.0%) and in none of the 5 MRI-negative cases. ASL was concordant with localizing scalp EEG findings in 66.7%, structural 3T-MRI in 90%, FDG-PET in 75%, ictal/interictal SPECT in 62.5%, and MEG in 75% of cases, and with intracranial recording results in 40% of cases. Eleven patients underwent surgery; in all 11 cases the EZ was surgically proven by positive histopathology results and the patient having at least 1 year of good seizure outcome. ASL results were concordant with this final surgically proven EZ in 10/11 cases (sensitivity 91%, specificity 50%). All 10 ASL-positive patients who underwent surgery had positive surgical pathology results and good long-term postsurgical seizure outcome at a mean follow-up of 39 months. Retrospective quantitative analysis based on significant z-score clusters found 1 true-positive result that was missed by qualitative analysis and 3 additional false-positive results (sensitivity 100%, specificity 23%). CONCLUSIONS ASL supports the hypothesis regarding the EZ in poorly defined focal epilepsy cases in children. Due to its convenience and noninvasive nature, the authors recommend that ASL be added routinely to the presurgical MRI evaluation of epilepsy. Future optimized quantitative methods may improve the diagnostic yield of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lam
- 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal
| | - Patricia Tomaszewski
- 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- 2Philips Canada, MRI Research Department, Montréal; and Departments of
| | - Jeremy T Moreau
- 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pia Wintermark
- 6Neonatology, McGill University Health Network, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- 1McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal
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Turk D, Boeri M, Abraham L, Atkinson J, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Hauber B, Klein K, Russo L, Viktrup L, Walsh D. Patient preferences for osteoarthritis pain and chronic low back pain treatments in the United States: a discrete-choice experiment. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1202-1213. [PMID: 32652238 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify preferences for attributes of potential analgesic treatments for moderate-to-severe pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and/or chronic low back pain (CLBP) as relevant to injectable nerve growth factor (NGF)-inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioids. METHODS We used a discrete-choice experiment (DCE) to elicit preferences for attributes of OA and CLBP pharmaceutical treatments, and a best-worst scaling (BWS) exercise to further characterize the relative importance of treatment-related side-effect risks. The survey was completed online by 602 US residents with self-reported chronic, moderate-to-severe OA pain and/or CLBP who had tried, had contraindications for, or were unwilling to take currently available pharmaceutical therapies. In the DCE, respondents repeatedly chose between two hypothetical treatments defined by six attributes (symptom control; treatment-related risks of (1) severe joint problems, (2) heart attack, and (3) physical dependence; mode/frequency of administration; and cost). In the BWS exercise, respondents evaluated ten side-effect risks. Random-parameters logit models were estimated; conditional relative attribute importance, maximum acceptable risks, and willingness to pay were calculated. RESULTS The most important DCE attributes were improving symptom control (scaled conditional relative importance, 10.00) and reducing risk of physical dependence (6.99). The three most important BWS attributes were, in rank order, risks of stroke, physical dependence, and heart attack. Respondents were willing to accept a > 4% treatment-related risk of severe joint problems for even modest symptom improvement. CONCLUSION A pharmaceutical treatment with a risk of severe joint problems was viewed as an acceptable alternative to other treatments with comparable efficacy but risks associated with NSAIDs or opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - M Boeri
- RTI Health Solutions, Belfast, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - B Hauber
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - K Klein
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - L Russo
- Pfizer, Collegeville, PA, USA.
| | - L Viktrup
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - D Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Violet PC, Ebenuwa I, Chung S, Atkinson J, Manor D, Levine M. Sequestration of Vitamin E by Liver Fat in vivo, in vitro and in Women with Hepato-steatosis. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Hepato-steatosis (HS) due to obesity is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the Americas and Western Europe. The only means to prevent disease is avoidance of obesity. α-Tocopherol at doses of 800 I.U. daily was reported to have partial treatment effects for NASH. Because alpha tocopherol is a fat-soluble vitamin, we hypothesized that excess fat in liver, as found in HS, could act unintentionally sequester vitamin E, thereby altering its normal physiology and contributing to development of NASH. Using oral and intravenous deuterated tocopherols, evidence showing HS altered a-tocopherol physiology was reported based on pharmacokinetics studies in obese women with HS. Here we further tested the sequestration hypothesis in vitro, and in vivo.
Methods
In vitro, we investigated effects of fat on intracellular vitamin E localization. Control human and mouse hepatocytes and hepatocytes pre-loaded with fat were incubated with fluorescent α-tocopherol (BDP-α-tocopherol). In vivo experiments were performed using mice fed a high fat diet with different vitamin E doses.
Results
Compared to controls, fat- loaded cells contained more a-tocopherol, and BDP-a-tocopherol was specifically localized into intracellular fat droplets. In cells incubated with BDP a-tocopherol, we found that fat loading decreased a-tocopherol release. Induced expression of TPP, which mediates vitamin E intracellular disposition under normal conditions, was not observed in fat loaded cells, further confirming vitamin E was trapped in fat. Livers of mice fed high fat diet had more vitamin E compared to controls. By further increasing vitamin E content of the high fat diet, we observed a reduction in liver size and liver fat in the high vitamin E group. Using a mouse metabolic chamber, we observed a slight reduction of oxygen consumption rate in the high vitamin E group compared to controls.
Conclusions
Considered together, these findings imply that fat in the liver may produce unrecognized hepatic vitamin E sequestration, which could drive liver disease. These results are consistent with the possibility that increased vitamin E intake might, if begun at an early stage, restore vitamin E physiology, potentially decreasing or preventing progression of HS to NASH.
Funding Sources
NIH intramural program (DK053213–14).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stacey Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University
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Alhajaj G, Atkinson J, Keezer MR, Nikolic A, Myers KA. A proposed guideline for vagus nerve stimulator handling in palliative care and after death. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1336-1340. [PMID: 32463125 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is often used for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Although this intervention may improve seizure control and mood, a number of factors must be considered when patients with VNS near end of life. We reviewed relevant literature to create a proposed guideline for management of patients with VNS in palliative care and after death. VNS has multiple possible side effects, including cough and swallowing difficulties. For patients with neurologic disease in palliative care, such adverse effects can severely affect quality of life and increase the risk for complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Patients with VNS should be screened regularly for such side effects, and VNS parameters should be adjusted if they are identified. If a patient requires urgent cardiac resuscitation involving external defibrillation, the VNS should be interrogated immediately afterwards to evaluate its function. During defibrillation, paddles should be placed perpendicular to the VNS, and as far as possible away from it. The VNS can be acutely turned off by taping the magnet to the patient's chest, thereby preventing any possible interference with restoration of a normal heart rhythm. After death, any staff involved with handling the body should be notified that a VNS is in place. The device must be removed prior to cremation, as it can explode with high heat. If the cause of death is unclear, a full postmortem examination should be undertaken, per sudden unexpected death in epilepsy guidelines. If there is concern about device malfunction, the device should be returned to the manufacturer for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadd Alhajaj
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark R Keezer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the University of Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ana Nikolic
- Clark Smith Brain Tumour Centre, Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Myers
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Institute of the McGill University Medical Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sánchez-Pozo A, Cavaco AM, Blasi P, Reynoso MO, Quirino-Barreda CT, Johnson PA, Moscoso FT, Rodrigues de Castilho S, Fegadolli C, Zarwar SS, Atkinson J. The COPHELA (Cooperation in Quality Assurance for Pharmacy Education and Training between Europe and Latin America) Project. Pharmacy 2020; 8:pharmacy8010029. [PMID: 32143432 PMCID: PMC7151694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COPHELA (Cooperation in Quality Assurance for Pharmacy Education and Training between Europe and Latin America), a collaborative project between the European Union (EU) and Latin America, will produce on-line courses for the master degree in pharmacy. The program runs from 2019 through 2021. It is funded by the Erasmus+ program of the Education, Audio-visual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) of the European Commission. The partners are EU and Latin American universities. These are accompanied by associated partners from EU and Latin American universities, as well as from governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as pharmacy chambers and educational associations. The project is coordinated by the University of Granada, Spain (first author of this paper). It will produce distance learning master degree courses in a dozen fields of specialized pharmaceutical science education and practice, ranging from patient care to industrial pharmacy. This paper describes the design of the project and is intended to evoke constructive comments. It also represents a call for the recruitment of additional associated partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Cartuja, Universidad de Granada-UGR, 18701 Granada, Spain;
| | - Afonso Miguel Cavaco
- Social Pharmacy Department, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade de Lisboa – FFUL-Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mariana Ortiz Reynoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México – UAEM, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Fernando Torres Moscoso
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello – UNAB, Santiago de Chile 8370146, Chile;
| | | | - Claudia Fegadolli
- Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Slan Zarwar
- Departamento de Gestão do Ambiente Educacional, Racine Qualificação e Assessoria – Rua Padre Chico 93, Pompéia IR, São Paulo CEP 05008-010, Brazil;
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Université de Lorraine-UL, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France
- Correspondence:
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Violet PC, Ebenuwa IC, Wang Y, Niyyati M, Padayatty SJ, Head B, Wilkins K, Chung S, Thakur V, Ulatowski L, Atkinson J, Ghelfi M, Smith S, Tu H, Bobe G, Liu CY, Herion DW, Shamburek RD, Manor D, Traber MG, Levine M. Vitamin E sequestration by liver fat in humans. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133309. [PMID: 31821172 PMCID: PMC7030816 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe hypothesized that obesity-associated hepatosteatosis is a pathophysiological chemical depot for fat-soluble vitamins and altered normal physiology. Using α-tocopherol (vitamin E) as a model vitamin, pharmacokinetics and kinetics principles were used to determine whether excess liver fat sequestered α-tocopherol in women with obesity-associated hepatosteatosis versus healthy controls.METHODSCustom-synthesized deuterated α-tocopherols (d3- and d6-α-tocopherols) were administered to hospitalized healthy women and women with hepatosteatosis under investigational new drug guidelines. Fluorescently labeled α-tocopherol was custom-synthesized for cell studies.RESULTSIn healthy subjects, 85% of intravenous d6-α-tocopherol disappeared from the circulation within 20 minutes but reappeared within minutes and peaked at 3-4 hours; d3- and d6-α-tocopherols localized to lipoproteins. Lipoprotein redistribution occurred only in vivo within 1 hour, indicating a key role of the liver in uptake and re-release. Compared with healthy subjects who received 2 mg, subjects with hepatosteatosis had similar d6-α-tocopherol entry rates into liver but reduced initial release rates (P < 0.001). Similarly, pharmacokinetics parameters were reduced in hepatosteatosis subjects, indicating reduced hepatic d6-α-tocopherol output. Reductions in kinetics and pharmacokinetics parameters in hepatosteatosis subjects who received 2 mg were echoed by similar reductions in healthy subjects when comparing 5- and 2-mg doses. In vitro, fluorescent-labeled α-tocopherol localized to lipid in fat-loaded hepatocytes, indicating sequestration.CONCLUSIONSThe unique role of the liver in vitamin E physiology is dysregulated by excess liver fat. Obesity-associated hepatosteatosis may produce unrecognized hepatic vitamin E sequestration, which might subsequently drive liver disease. Our findings raise the possibility that hepatosteatosis may similarly alter hepatic physiology of other fat-soluble vitamins.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00862433.FUNDINGNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and NIH grants DK053213-13, DK067494, and DK081761.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ifechukwude C. Ebenuwa
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahtab Niyyati
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sebastian J. Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kenneth Wilkins
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stacey Chung
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Varsha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lynn Ulatowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Saint Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, Saint Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Smith
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongbin Tu
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - David W. Herion
- Clinical Research Informatics, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert D. Shamburek
- Cardiovascular Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danny Manor
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maret G. Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Jessa S, Blanchet-Cohen A, Krug B, Vladoiu M, Coutelier M, Faury D, Poreau B, De Jay N, Hébert S, Monlong J, Farmer WT, Donovan LK, Hu Y, McConechy MK, Cavalli FMG, Mikael LG, Ellezam B, Richer M, Allaire A, Weil AG, Atkinson J, Farmer JP, Dudley RWR, Larouche V, Crevier L, Albrecht S, Filbin MG, Sartelet H, Lutz PE, Nagy C, Turecki G, Costantino S, Dirks PB, Murai KK, Bourque G, Ragoussis J, Garzia L, Taylor MD, Jabado N, Kleinman CL. Stalled developmental programs at the root of pediatric brain tumors. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1702-1713. [PMID: 31768071 PMCID: PMC6885128 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Childhood brain tumors have suspected prenatal origins. To identify vulnerable developmental states, we generated a single-cell transcriptome atlas of >65,000 cells from embryonal pons and forebrain, two major tumor locations. We derived signatures for 191 distinct cell populations and defined regional cellular diversity and differentiation dynamics. Projection of bulk tumor transcriptomes onto this dataset shows that WNT medulloblastomas match the rhombic lip-derived mossy fiber neuronal lineage, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes fully recapitulate a neuronal lineage, while Group 2a/b atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors may originate outside of the neuroectoderm. Importantly, single-cell tumor profiles reveal highly defined cell hierarchies mirroring transcriptional programs of the corresponding normal lineages. Our findings identify impaired differentiation of specific neural progenitors as a common mechanism underlying these pediatric cancers and provide a rational framework for future modeling and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Jessa
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Blanchet-Cohen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Krug
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Vladoiu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Damien Faury
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brice Poreau
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Service de Génétique et Procréation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas De Jay
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean Monlong
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - W Todd Farmer
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura K Donovan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yixing Hu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonie G Mikael
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Richer
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andréa Allaire
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Querbec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Farmer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Querbec, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Querbec, Canada
| | - Valerie Larouche
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Crevier
- Department of Surgery, Université de Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hervé Sartelet
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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Wallmeier J, Frank D, Shoemark A, Nöthe-Menchen T, Cindric S, Olbrich H, Loges NT, Aprea I, Dougherty GW, Pennekamp P, Kaiser T, Mitchison HM, Hogg C, Carr SB, Zariwala MA, Ferkol T, Leigh MW, Davis SD, Atkinson J, Dutcher SK, Knowles MR, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Krenz H, Wöste M, Brentrup A, Ahrens F, Vogelberg C, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, Omran H. De Novo Mutations in FOXJ1 Result in a Motile Ciliopathy with Hydrocephalus and Randomization of Left/Right Body Asymmetry. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1030-1039. [PMID: 31630787 PMCID: PMC6849114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is one of the most prevalent form of developmental central nervous system (CNS) malformations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow depends on both heartbeat and body movement. Furthermore, it has been shown that CSF flow within and across brain ventricles depends on cilia motility of the ependymal cells lining the brain ventricles, which play a crucial role to maintain patency of the narrow sites of CSF passage during brain formation in mice. Using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, we identified an autosomal-dominant cause of a distinct motile ciliopathy related to defective ciliogenesis of the ependymal cilia in six individuals. Heterozygous de novo mutations in FOXJ1, which encodes a well-known member of the forkhead transcription factors important for ciliogenesis of motile cilia, cause a motile ciliopathy that is characterized by hydrocephalus internus, chronic destructive airway disease, and randomization of left/right body asymmetry. Mutant respiratory epithelial cells are unable to generate a fluid flow and exhibit a reduced number of cilia per cell, as documented by high-speed video microscopy (HVMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and immunofluorescence analysis (IF). TEM and IF demonstrate mislocalized basal bodies. In line with this finding, the focal adhesion protein PTK2 displays aberrant localization in the cytoplasm of the mutant respiratory epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Diana Frank
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Molecular & Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK,Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Tabea Nöthe-Menchen
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Sandra Cindric
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Niki T. Loges
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Isabella Aprea
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Gerard W. Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Petra Pennekamp
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Claire Hogg
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Siobhán B. Carr
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Maimoona A. Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Thomas Ferkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Margaret W. Leigh
- Department of Pediatrics, Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie D. Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael R. Knowles
- Department of Medicine, Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrike Krenz
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Marius Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Angela Brentrup
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Frank Ahrens
- Children’s Hospital “Altona,” 22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Vogelberg
- Paediatric Department, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Deborah J. Morris-Rosendahl
- Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, SW3 6NP London, UK,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY London, UK
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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27
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Stefoska-Needham A, Fildes K, Atkinson J, Nealon J, Charton K, Gutker M, Lambert K, Anna L, Smyth M, Walton K. SUN-247 Experiencing chronic kidney disease: perspectives of individuals living with chronic kidney disease, their family members, carers and health professionals. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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28
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Crevier-Sorbo G, Atkinson J, Di Genova T, Puligandla P, Dudley RWR. Hydrocephalus-induced neurogenic stunned myocardium and cardiac arrest in a child: completely reversed with CSF diversion. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019; 24:35-40. [PMID: 31003226 DOI: 10.3171/2019.2.peds18711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a potentially fatal cause of sudden cardiogenic dysfunction due to an acute neurological event, most commonly aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in adults. Only two pediatric cases of hydrocephalus-induced NSM have been reported. Here the authors report a third case in a 14-year-old boy who presented with severe headache, decreased level of consciousness, and shock in the context of acute hydrocephalus secondary to fourth ventricular outlet obstruction 3 years after standard-risk medulloblastoma treatment. He was initially stabilized with the insertion of an external ventricular drain and vasopressor treatment. He had a profoundly reduced cardiac contractility and became asystolic for 1 minute, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation when vasopressors were inadvertently discontinued. Over 1 week, his ventricles decreased in size and his cardiac function returned to normal. All other causes of heart failure were ruled out, and his impressive response to CSF diversion clarified the diagnosis of NSM secondary to hydrocephalus. He was unable to be weaned from his drain during his time in the hospital, so he underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and has remained well with normal cardiac function at more than 6 months' follow-up. This case highlights the importance of prompt CSF diversion and cardiac support for acute hydrocephalus presenting with heart failure in the pediatric population.
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29
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Meehan K, Panagabko C, Atkinson J. Creation of a real‐time fluorescence assay of the yeast PI4‐kinase, Pik1, to test the role of the PI/PC transfer protein Sec14 in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.480.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailey Meehan
- Chemistry & BiotechnologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesONCanada
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30
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Hirvonen J, Salminen O, Vuorensola K, Katajavuori N, Huhtala H, Atkinson J. Pharmacy Practice and Education in Finland. Pharmacy (Basel) 2019; 7:pharmacy7010021. [PMID: 30813453 PMCID: PMC6473315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pharmacy Education in Europe (PHARMINE) project studies pharmacy practice and education in the European Union (EU) member states. The work was carried out using an electronic survey sent to chosen pharmacy representatives. The surveys of the individual member states are now being published as reference documents for students and staff interested in research on pharmacy education in the EU, and in mobility. This paper presents the results of the PHARMINE survey on pharmacy practice and education in Finland. Pharmacies have a monopoly on the dispensation of medicines. They can also provide diagnostic services. Proviisori act as pharmacy owners and managers. They follow a five-year (M.Sc. Pharm.) degree course with a six-month traineeship. Farmaseutti, who follow a three-year (B.Sc. Pharm.) degree course (also with a six-month traineeship), can dispense medicines and counsel patients in Finland. The B.Sc. and the first three years of the M.Sc. involve the same course. The current pharmacy curriculum (revised in 2014) is based on five strands: (1) pharmacy as a multidisciplinary science with numerous opportunities in the working life, (2) basics of pharmaceutical sciences, (3) patient and medication, (4) optional studies and selected study paths, and (5) drug development and use. The learning outcomes of the pharmacy graduates include (1) basics of natural sciences: chemistry, physics, technology, biosciences required for all the students (B.Sc. and M.Sc.), (2) medicine and medication: compounding of medicines, holism of medication, pharmacology and biopharmaceutics (side-effects and interactions), patient counseling, efficacy and safety of medicines and medication, (3) comprehensive and supportive interactions of the various disciplines of pharmacy education and research: the role and significance of pharmacy as a discipline in society, the necessary skills and knowledge in scientific thinking and pharmaceutical research, and (4) basics of economics and management, multidisciplinarity, hospital pharmacy, scientific writing skills, management skills. In addition, teaching and learning of “general skills”, such as the pharmacist’s professional identity and the role in society as a part of the healthcare system, critical and creative thinking, problem-solving skills, personal learning skills and life-long learning, attitude and sense of responsibility, and communication skills are developed in direct association with subject-specific courses. Professional specialization studies in industrial pharmacy, and community and hospital pharmacy are given at the post-graduate level at the University of Helsinki.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Hirvonen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 5 E, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Outi Salminen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 5 E, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Katariina Vuorensola
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 5 E, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nina Katajavuori
- Centre for University Teaching and Learning, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 11, P.O.Box 62, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Huhtala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki Viikinkaari 5 E, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
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31
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Panagabko C, Baptist M, Atkinson J. In vitro lipid transfer assays of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins provide insight into the in vivo mechanism of ligand transfer. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1861:619-630. [PMID: 30543784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays and membrane binding determinations were performed using three phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins, including the yeast Sec14 and two mammalian proteins PITPα and PITPβ. These proteins were able to specifically bind the fluorescent phosphatidylcholine analogue NBD-PC ((2-(12-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)dodecanoyl-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)) and to transfer it to small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). Rate constants for transfer to vesicles comprising 100% PC were slower for all proteins than when increasing percentages of phosphatidylinositol were incorporated into the same SUVs. The rates of ligand transfer by Sec14 were insensitive to the inclusion of equimolar amounts of another anionic phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS), but the rates of ligand transfer by both mammalian PITPs were strikingly enhanced by the inclusion of phosphatidic acid (PA) in the receptor SUV. Binding of Sec14 to immobilized bilayers was substantial, while that of PITPα and PITPβ was 3-7 times weaker than Sec14 depending on phospholipid composition. When small proportions of the phosphoinositide PI(4)P were included in receptor SUVs (either with PI or not), Sec14 showed substantially increased rates of NBD-PC pick-up, whereas the PITPs were unaffected. The data are supportive of a role for PITPβ as functional PI transfer protein in vivo, but that Sec14 likely has a more elaborate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Panagabko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Matilda Baptist
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada.
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32
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Larouche V, Atkinson J, Albrecht S, Laframboise R, Jabado N, Tabori U, Bouffet E. Sustained complete response of recurrent glioblastoma to combined checkpoint inhibition in a young patient with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27389. [PMID: 30160041 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Larouche
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - R Laframboise
- Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Jabado
- Department of Paediatrics, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - U Tabori
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The Arthur and Sonia Labbatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Bouffet
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Taylor L, Krueger N, Malysheva O, Atkinson J, Parker RS. ω-Hydroxylation of α-tocopheryl quinone reveals a dual function for cytochrome P450-4F2 in vitamin E metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5555-5565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mukherjee P, Madarati H, Ridgway ND, Atkinson J. Lipid and membrane recognition by the oxysterol binding protein and its phosphomimetic mutant using dual polarization interferometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:2356-2365. [PMID: 29879417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OSBP binds, extracts and transfers sterols and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI(4)P between liposomes, but the sequence of steps at the membrane surface leading to ligand removal is poorly characterized. In this study, we used dual polarization interferometry (DPI), a label-free surface analytical technique, to characterize the interaction of recombinant, purified OSBP as it flows over immobilized dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) bilayers containing PI(4)P, cholesterol or 25-hydroxycholesterol. Kinetics of membrane interaction were analyzed for PI(4)P-binding and phosphorylation mutants of OSBP. Wild-type OSBP demonstrated a distinctive association with immobilized DOPC bilayers containing 1-8 mol% PI(4)P that was characterized by initial saturable binding followed by desorption, indicative of PI(4)P extraction. In support of this conclusion, an OSBP mutant with impaired binding and extraction of PI(4)P was stably absorbed to PI(4)P-containing membranes, while a pleckstrin homology domain mutant did not associate with PI(4)P-containing membranes. The inclusion of >2 mol% cholesterol, but not 25-hydroxycholesterol, in membranes, enhanced the absorption of the wild-type OSBP. A phosphomimetic of OSBP with enhanced in vitro sterol binding activity displayed membrane interaction properties similar to wild-type. These real-time flow studies allow us to dissect the association of OSBP with PI(4)P into discrete components; initial recruitment to PI(4)P membranes by the PH domain, detection and extraction of PI(4)P, and desorption due to ligand depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthajit Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Hasam Madarati
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2A 3S1, Canada.
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Alawadhi A, Saint-Martin C, Bhanji F, Srour M, Atkinson J, Sébire G. Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalitis Responding to Combined Decompressive Craniectomy, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, and Corticosteroid Therapies: Association with Novel RANBP2 Variant. Front Neurol 2018; 9:130. [PMID: 29593631 PMCID: PMC5857578 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) is considered as a rare form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis characterized by fulminant encephalopathy with hemorrhagic necrosis and most often fatal outcome. Objective To report the association with Ran Binding Protein (RANBP2) gene variant and the response to decompressive craniectomy and high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in life-threatening AHEM. Design Single case study. Case report A 6-year-old girl known to have sickle cell disease (SCD) presented an acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) with diplopia due to sudden unilateral fourth nerve palsy. She received five pulses of IVMP (30 mg/kg/day). Two weeks after steroid weaning, she developed right hemiplegia and coma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a left frontal necrotico-hemorrhagic lesion and new multifocal areas of demyelination. She underwent decompressive craniotomy and evacuation of an ongoing left frontoparietal hemorrhage. Comprehensive investigations ruled out vascular and infectious process. The neurological deterioration stopped concomitantly with combined neurosurgical drainage of the hematoma, decompressive craniotomy, IVMP, and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). She developed during the following months Crohn disease and sclerosing cholangitis. After 2-year follow-up, there was no new neurological manifestation. The patient still suffered right hemiplegia and aphasia, but was able to walk. Cognitive/behavioral abilities significantly recovered. A heterozygous novel rare missense variant (c.4993A>G, p.Lys1665Glu) was identified in RANBP2, a gene associated with acute necrotizing encephalopathy. RANBP2 is a protein playing an important role in the energy homeostasis of neuronal cells. Conclusion In any ADS occurring in the context of SCD and/or autoimmune condition, we recommend to slowly wean steroids and to closely monitor the patient after weaning to quickly treat any recurrence of neurological symptom with IVMP. This case report, in addition to others, stresses the likely efficacy of combined craniotomy, IVIG, and IVMP treatments in AHEM. RANBP2 mutations may sensitize the brain to inflammation and predispose to AHEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Alawadhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Farhan Bhanji
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sébire
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Taylor-Cousar JL, Jain M, Barto TL, Haddad T, Atkinson J, Tian S, Tang R, Marigowda G, Waltz D, Pilewski J. Lumacaftor/ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis and advanced lung disease homozygous for F508del-CFTR. J Cyst Fibros 2018; 17:228-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Muceniece R, Riekstina U, Maurina B, Enina V, Atkinson J. Pharmacy Practice and Education in Latvia. Pharmacy 2018; 6:pharmacy6010009. [PMID: 29361717 PMCID: PMC5874548 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1001 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1001 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Maurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Vija Enina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
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Marshall CR, Jones A, Fastelli A, Atkinson J, Botting N, Morgan G. Semantic fluency in deaf children who use spoken and signed language in comparison with hearing peers. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2018; 53:157-170. [PMID: 28691260 PMCID: PMC5811791 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deafness has an adverse impact on children's ability to acquire spoken languages. Signed languages offer a more accessible input for deaf children, but because the vast majority are born to hearing parents who do not sign, their early exposure to sign language is limited. Deaf children as a whole are therefore at high risk of language delays. AIMS We compared deaf and hearing children's performance on a semantic fluency task. Optimal performance on this task requires a systematic search of the mental lexicon, the retrieval of words within a subcategory and, when that subcategory is exhausted, switching to a new subcategory. We compared retrieval patterns between groups, and also compared the responses of deaf children who used British Sign Language (BSL) with those who used spoken English. We investigated how semantic fluency performance related to children's expressive vocabulary and executive function skills, and also retested semantic fluency in the majority of the children nearly 2 years later, in order to investigate how much progress they had made in that time. METHODS & PROCEDURES Participants were deaf children aged 6-11 years (N = 106, comprising 69 users of spoken English, 29 users of BSL and eight users of Sign Supported English-SSE) compared with hearing children (N = 120) of the same age who used spoken English. Semantic fluency was tested for the category 'animals'. We coded for errors, clusters (e.g., 'pets', 'farm animals') and switches. Participants also completed the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test and a battery of six non-verbal executive function tasks. In addition, we collected follow-up semantic fluency data for 70 deaf and 74 hearing children, nearly 2 years after they were first tested. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Deaf children, whether using spoken or signed language, produced fewer items in the semantic fluency task than hearing children, but they showed similar patterns of responses for items most commonly produced, clustering of items into subcategories and switching between subcategories. Both vocabulary and executive function scores predicted the number of correct items produced. Follow-up data from deaf participants showed continuing delays relative to hearing children 2 years later. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS We conclude that semantic fluency can be used experimentally to investigate lexical organization in deaf children, and that it potentially has clinical utility across the heterogeneous deaf population. We present normative data to aid clinicians who wish to use this task with deaf children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Marshall
- UCL Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Jones
- UCL DeafnessCognition and Language Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - J. Atkinson
- UCL DeafnessCognition and Language Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Botting
- Language and Communication ScienceSchool of Health SciencesCity University of LondonLondonUK
| | - G. Morgan
- UCL DeafnessCognition and Language Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Language and Communication ScienceSchool of Health SciencesCity University of LondonLondonUK
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Bowling K, El-Badawy S, Massri E, Rait J, Atkinson J, Leong S, Stuart A, Srinivas G. Laparoscopic and open inguinal hernia repair: Patient reported outcomes in the elderly from a single centre - A prospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 22:12-15. [PMID: 28878892 PMCID: PMC5577406 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With those over 65 making up over 16% of the UK's population, surgeons are counselling increasing numbers of elderly patients for hernia repair. Data is currently lacking comparing different repair methods of inguinal hernias in the elderly population with regards to patient reported outcomes. Aim To compare open and laparoscopic hernia repair in patients >65 years old and those <65 years old with respect to patient reported outcomes. Method As part of a quality assurance process patients receive a telephone consultation day 2 post procedure. This includes an optional survey with questions to quantify pain, general feeling, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, satisfaction and vomiting since the operation. Patients were then classified into age ≥ 65 years or <65 years and subclassified into totally extraperitoneal (TEP) or open inguinal hernia repair (IHR). Results Data is presented from patients treated between January 2009 and August 2016, totalling those included 1167 of 2522 (55.5%). Only five patients (4.42%) reported moderate pain; in the >65 TEP group this was significantly lower (10.2% open IHR <65; 6.7% TEP <65; 12.8% open IHR >65). Patient satisfaction with the surgery was satisfied or very satisfied in all patients in all groups. Conclusion Time off work is not an absolute appropriate measure of return to premorbid status with respect to the elderly as a substantial number of >65 year olds have retired. We therefore present this interesting insight into patient perceptions following hernia repair by age group. Overall patients over 65 can expect the same high levels of satisfaction and low levels of pain following either technique for inguinal hernia repair as younger patients. Time off work is not an appropriate measure of laparoscopic hernia repair in the over 65 year old population as the majority of this cohort is retired. Dizziness and drowsiness appeared to be no more prevalent in the over 65 year age group. Patient satisfaction with the surgery was satisfied or very satisfied in all patients in all groups. Overall a patient of any age can expect the same high levels of satisfaction and low levels of pain with either technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bowling
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK
| | - S El-Badawy
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK
| | - E Massri
- Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - J Rait
- Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - J Atkinson
- Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - S Leong
- Derriford Hospital, Derriford Road, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK
| | - A Stuart
- Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
| | - G Srinivas
- Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, UK
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Bowling K, Rait J, Atkinson J, Srinivas G. Temporal artery biopsy in the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: Does the end justify the means? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 20:1-5. [PMID: 28663795 PMCID: PMC5479941 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early temporal artery biopsy is recommended in all patients with suspected cranial GCA (Giant Cell Arteritis) by the BSR (British Society of Rheumatology) and BHPR (British Health Professionals in Rheumatology) guidelines. This should be performed within one week ideally. AIM To assess ACR (American College of Rheumatology) score at presentation and whether temporal artery biopsy result affects clinical management of the clinically suspected GCA patient. METHOD Case records of all temporal artery biopsies performed within January 2012 until December 2014 were analysed for size and result of biopsy and this was correlated to clinical management following result. RESULTS 129 temporal arteries were biopsied with a total of 17 positive biopsy results. 10 biopsy samples were insufficient to confirm or refute GCA. 8 patients within the biopsies negative for GCA had their prednisolone therapy stopped. 5 patients had unknown follow up, with the remainder (89, 87.3%) of the patients continued prednisolone management for treatment of GCA for at least 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Overall 13.2% of our biopsies were positive for GCA and 87.3% of biopsy negative patients continued prednisolone therapy on clinical grounds. In the face of new diagnostic tests (high resolution MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), colour duplex USS (Ultra Sound Scan) and PET (Positive Emission Topography) can we justify invasive surgery to all patients on histological grounds when the results may not alter management? Further investigation is needed directly comparing newer imaging modalities to histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bowling
- Peninsula Deanery, Torbay Hospital, South Devon Healthcare Trust, Lawes Bridge, Torquay, TQ2 7AA, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Pharmacies in Bulgaria have a monopoly on the dispensing of medicinal products that are authorized in the Republic of Bulgaria, as well as medical devices, food additives, cosmetics, and sanitary/hygienic articles. Aptekari (pharmacists) act as responsible pharmacists, pharmacy owners, and managers. They follow a five year Masters of Science in Pharmacy (M.Sc. Pharm.) degree course with a six month traineeship. Pomoshnik-farmacevti (assistant pharmacists) follow a three year degree with a six month traineeship. They can prepare medicines and dispense OTC medicines under the supervision of a pharmacist. The first and second year of the M.Sc. Pharm. degree are devoted to chemical sciences, mathematics, botany and medical sciences. Years three and four center on pharmaceutical technology, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmaco-economics, and social pharmacy, while year five focuses on pharmaceutical care, patient counselling, pharmacotherapy, and medical sciences. A six month traineeship finishes the fifth year together with redaction of a master thesis, and the four state examinations with which university studies end. Industrial pharmacy and clinical (hospital) pharmacy practice are integrated disciplines in some Bulgarian higher education institutions such as the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Medical University of Sofia. Pharmacy practice and education in Bulgaria are organized in a fashion very similar to that in most member states of the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Petkova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Sofia, 2-Dunav Street, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
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Atkinson J. The Country Profiles of the PHARMINE Survey of European Higher Educational Institutions Delivering Pharmacy Education and Training. Pharmacy (Basel) 2017; 5:pharmacy5030034. [PMID: 28970447 PMCID: PMC5622346 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The PHARMINE (Pharmacy Education in Europe) consortium surveyed pharmacy education and practice in 2012. Surveys were updated in 2017 for publication. The PHARMINE consortium was especially interested in specialization in pharmacy education and practice (for community, hospital, and industrial pharmacy), and in the impact of the Bologna agreement and the directive of the European Commission on education and training for the sectoral profession of pharmacy on European degree courses. The surveys underline the varying attitudes of the different European countries to these various aspects. The surveys will now be published in Pharmacy. They will be useful to researchers in education, and to staff and students interested in mobility amongst different European and/or non-European countries. In order to assure a full understanding of the country profiles to be published in the journal Pharmacy, this introductory article describes the general format of the survey questionnaire used.
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Taylor-Cousar J, Jain M, Barto T, Haddad T, Atkinson J, Tian S, Tang R, Marigowda G, Waltz D, Pilewski J. 55 Lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) in patients (pts) with cystic fibrosis (CF) and advanced lung disease homozygous for F508del-CFTR: a 24-week open-label study. J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mircioiu C, Atkinson J. A Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Methods Applied to a Likert Scale. Pharmacy (Basel) 2017; 5:E26. [PMID: 28970438 PMCID: PMC5597151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy5020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A trenchant and passionate dispute over the use of parametric versus non-parametric methods for the analysis of Likert scale ordinal data has raged for the past eight decades. The answer is not a simple "yes" or "no" but is related to hypotheses, objectives, risks, and paradigms. In this paper, we took a pragmatic approach. We applied both types of methods to the analysis of actual Likert data on responses from different professional subgroups of European pharmacists regarding competencies for practice. Results obtained show that with "large" (>15) numbers of responses and similar (but clearly not normal) distributions from different subgroups, parametric and non-parametric analyses give in almost all cases the same significant or non-significant results for inter-subgroup comparisons. Parametric methods were more discriminant in the cases of non-similar conclusions. Considering that the largest differences in opinions occurred in the upper part of the 4-point Likert scale (ranks 3 "very important" and 4 "essential"), a "score analysis" based on this part of the data was undertaken. This transformation of the ordinal Likert data into binary scores produced a graphical representation that was visually easier to understand as differences were accentuated. In conclusion, in this case of Likert ordinal data with high response rates, restraining the analysis to non-parametric methods leads to a loss of information. The addition of parametric methods, graphical analysis, analysis of subsets, and transformation of data leads to more in-depth analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Mircioiu
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Dionisie Lupu 37, Bucharest 020021, Romania.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, Villers 54600, France.
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Abstract
This article describes the background and methodology of the PHAR-QA (Quality Assurance in European Pharmacy Education and Training) project that produced a competence framework for pharmacy education and practice in the EU. In order to produce a harmonized competence framework that could be accepted within the EU situation, we developed a two-stage Delphi process centred on two expert panels. A small panel of academics produced the competence framework that was then validated by the rankings of a large panel consisting of representatives of the EU pharmacy community. The main aspects of this process are developed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Atkinson
- Lorraine University, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54000 Nancy, France.
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
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Leng X, Cavazos A, Ray B, Ghelfi M, Atkinson J, Zhu F, Wassall S. Vitamin E does not Preferentially Bind to Polyunsaturated Lipids as Revealed by Umbrella Sampling MD Simulations. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Marquardt D, Van Oosten BJ, Ghelfi M, Atkinson J, Harroun TA. Vitamin E Circular Dichroism Studies: Insights into Conformational Changes Induced by the Solvent's Polarity. Membranes (Basel) 2016; 6:membranes6040056. [PMID: 27983631 PMCID: PMC5192412 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We used circular dichroism (CD) to study differences in CD spectra between α-, δ-, and methylated-α-tocopherol in solvents with different polarities. CD spectra of the different tocopherol structures differ from each other in intensity and peak locations, which can be attributed to chromanol substitution and the ability to form hydrogen bonds. In addition, each structure was examined in different polarity solvents using the Reichardt index-a measure of the solvent's ionizing ability, and a direct measurement of solvent-solute interactions. Differences across solvents indicate that hydrogen bonding is a key contributor to CD spectra at 200 nm. These results are a first step in examining the hydrogen bonding abilities of vitamin E in a lipid bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Marquardt
- Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Brad J Van Oosten
- Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Thad A Harroun
- Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Baptist M, Panagabko C, Cockcroft S, Atkinson J. Ligand and membrane-binding behavior of the phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins PITPα and PITPβ. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:528-533. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) are believed to be lipid transfer proteins because of their ability to transfer either phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) between membrane compartments, in vitro. However, the detailed mechanism of this transfer process is not fully established. To further understand the transfer mechanism of PITPs we examined the interaction of PITPs with membranes using dual polarization interferometry (DPI), which measures protein binding affinity on a flat immobilized lipid surface. In addition, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay was also employed to monitor how quickly PITPs transfer their ligands to lipid vesicles. DPI analysis revealed that PITPβ had a higher affinity to membranes compared with PITPα. Furthermore, the FRET-based transfer assay revealed that PITPβ has a higher ligand transfer rate compared with PITPα. However, both PITPα and PITPβ demonstrated a preference for highly curved membrane surfaces during ligand transfer. In other words, ligand transfer rate was higher when the accepting vesicles were highly curved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Baptist
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Candace Panagabko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2A 3S1, Canada
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2A 3S1, Canada
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Warsi NM, Lasry O, Farah A, Saint-Martin C, Montes JL, Atkinson J, Farmer JP, Dudley RWR. 3-T intraoperative MRI (iMRI) for pediatric epilepsy surgery. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:2415-2422. [PMID: 27757571 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three-tesla intraoperative MRI (iMRI) is a promising tool that could help confirm complete resections and disconnections in pediatric epilepsy surgery, leading to improved outcomes. However, a large proportion of epileptogenic pathologies in children are poorly defined on imaging, which brings into question the utility of iMRI for these cases. Our aim was to compare postoperative seizure outcomes between iMRI- and non-iMRI-based epilepsy surgeries. METHODS We performed a comparative retrospective analysis of non-iMRI- versus iMRI-based epilepsy surgeries with 2-year follow-up. Patients were stratified into well-defined cases (WDCs), poorly defined cases (PDCs), and diffuse hemispheric cases (DHCs). Primary outcomes were rates of complete seizure freedom and surgical complications. Secondary outcomes included good (Engel class I/II) seizure outcome, extent of resection/disconnection, and operative duration. Regression models were used to adjust for confounding. RESULTS Thirty-nine iMRI-based and 39 non-iMRI-based surgeries were included. The distributions of age, sex, and lesion class in each era were similar, but the distributions of individual pathologies varied. Seizure freedom and complication rates at 2-year follow-up were not different between the groups, but Engel class I/II outcome was more common in the iMRI group. Extent of resection/disconnection and length of surgery were similar in both groups. PDCs had the worst outcomes, which were unchanged by the use of iMRI. CONCLUSION Three-tesla iMRI-based epilepsy surgery may have the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, we conclude that iMRI, in its current state of use at our institute, does not improve outcomes for children undergoing epilepsy surgery. Given that its use appears safe, further research on this technology is warranted, particularly for the most challenging PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebras M Warsi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oliver Lasry
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A2, Canada.
| | - Adel Farah
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose L Montes
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Farmer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Maddalena LA, Ghelfi M, Atkinson J, Stuart JA. The mitochondria-targeted imidazole substituted oleic acid 'TPP-IOA' affects mitochondrial bioenergetics and its protective efficacy in cells is influenced by cellular dependence on aerobic metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2016; 1858:73-85. [PMID: 27836699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of mitochondria-targeted small molecules have been invented to manipulate mitochondrial redox activities and improve function in certain disease states. 3-Hydroxypropyl-triphenylphosphonium-conjugated imidazole-substituted oleic acid (TPP-IOA) was developed as a specific inhibitor of cytochrome c peroxidase activity that inhibits apoptosis by preventing cardiolipin oxidation and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. Here we evaluate the effects of TPP-IOA on oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria and on mitochondrial function in live cells. We demonstrate that, at concentrations similar to those required to achieve inhibition of cytochrome c peroxidase activity, TPP-IOA perturbs oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria. In live SH-SY5Y cells, TPP-IOA partially collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, caused extensive fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, and decreased apparent mitochondrial abundance within 3h of exposure. Many cultured cell lines rely primarily on aerobic glycolysis, potentially making them less sensitive to small molecules disrupting oxidative phosphorylation. We therefore determined the anti-apoptotic efficacy of TPP-IOA in SH-SY5Y cells growing in glucose or in galactose, the latter of which increases reliance on oxidative phosphorylation for ATP supply. The anti-apoptotic activity of TPP-IOA that was observed in glucose media was not seen in galactose media. It therefore appears that, at concentrations required to inhibit cytochrome c peroxidase activity, TPP-IOA perturbs oxidative phosphorylation. In light of these data it is predicted that potential future therapeutic applications of TPP-IOA will be restricted to highly glycolytic cell types with limited reliance on oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Maddalena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Mikel Ghelfi
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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