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Riekstina U, Vitolina S, Goluba K, Jekabsons K, Muceniece R, Berzins R, Rizhikovs J, Godina D, Teresko A, Paze A. Effect of Betulin Colloidal Particles on Proliferation and Cytokine Secretion of Human Skin Fibroblasts. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3088. [PMID: 37687335 PMCID: PMC10490372 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to obtain untreated and treated betulin colloidal particles and assess their effect on the viability, morphology, proliferation and cytokine secretion of human dermal fibroblasts. To improve bioavailability, betulin treatment was performed by an antisolvent precipitation technique. The average particle size after treatment in the aqueous dispersion decreased from 552.9 ± 11.3 to 278.2 ± 1.6 nm. Treated betulin colloidal particles showed no cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 400 µg·mL-1 in the colorimetric tetrazolium salt viability test (CCK-8). Moreover, the cell morphology was not changed in the presence of betulin colloidal particles at a concentration range from 0.78 to 400 µg·mL-1. The obtained results also show that betulin particles induce the secretion of the proinflammatory and angiogenesis-stimulating cytokine IL-8. However, further studies would be required to clarify the mechanism of IL-8 secretion induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Sanita Vitolina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Karina Goluba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (U.R.); (K.G.); (K.J.); (R.M.)
| | - Rudolfs Berzins
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Janis Rizhikovs
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniela Godina
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Aigars Paze
- Biorefinery Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.V.); (R.B.); (J.R.); (D.G.)
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Boroduske A, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Muceniece R, Rostoks N, Nakurte I. Wild Sambucus nigra L. from north-east edge of the species range: A valuable germplasm with inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD and hACE2 binding in vitro. Ind Crops Prod 2021; 165:113438. [PMID: 33753964 PMCID: PMC7969829 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Berries and flowers of Sambucus nigra L. tree are well known for their ability to mitigate symptoms of upper respiratory disorders related to reported antiviral properties. Industrial application and commercial cultivation of S. nigra is largely limited to a few widely grown cultivars. Restricted genetic diversity of cultivated S. nigra can be disadvantageous if new industrial applications are discovered. In this study wild S. nigra populations located on the north-east edge of the species natural range were explored by assessing genetic origin, berry and flower anti-oxidative potential, and berry rutin content. Best performing wild S. nigra extracts were selected for an assessment of previously unreported biological activity- inhibitory capacity against SARS-CoV2 S1 protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to recombinant human angiotensin -converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in vitro based on competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker-based genetic characterization suggested that explored wild S. nigra populations result from wild gene pool expanding northwards with admixture of historically introduced cultivated S. nigra. Average values of total phenolic content, anti-radical activity, and total flavonoids content of wild S. nigra populations did not exceed those of cv. 'Haschberg'. Concentration-dependent inhibition of ACE2-SARS-CoV2 S-protein RBD binding was demonstrated in vitro for elderberry fruits and flowers extracts (IC50 of 1.66 mg DW ml-1 and 0.532 mg DW ml-1, respectively). Wild elderberry fruit extract exhibited higher inhibitory capacity than the extract from berries of cv 'Haschberg'. This study validates the requirement for S. nigra wild germplasm bioprospecting and opens up directions for further research of new anti-SARS-CoV2 industrial applications of S. nigra.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral
- DW, dry weight
- ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
- Elderberry flower
- Elderberry fruit
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration
- ISSR, inter-simple sequence repeat
- PVPP, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- Phytochemistry
- SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- Sambucus nigra L.
- TEAC, trolox equivalent anti-radical capacity
- TFC, total flavonoid content
- TPCC, total phenolic content
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Affiliation(s)
- Anete Boroduske
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.3, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Nils Rostoks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str.1, Riga, LV - 1004, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, "Lidlauks", Priekulu parish, Priekulu county, LV-4126, Latvia
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Pilipenko V, Narbute K, Pupure J, Langrate IK, Muceniece R, Kluša V. Neuroprotective potential of antihyperglycemic drug metformin in streptozocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Vanaga I, Gubernator J, Nakurte I, Kletnieks U, Muceniece R, Jansone B. Identification of Abies sibirica L. Polyprenols and Characterisation of Polyprenol-Containing Liposomes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081801. [PMID: 32295310 PMCID: PMC7221546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The needles of conifer trees are one of the richest sources of natural polyprenols. Polyprenol homologs from Abies sibirica L. lipophilic 80% purified extract were analyzed and quantified. In total, 10 peaks (Prenol-11 to Prenol-20) were observed in the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) chromatogram of Siberian fir with the most abundant compound being Prenol-15 (relative amount 37.23 + 0.56% of the total polyprenol yield). Abies sibirica L. polyprenol solubility and incorporation efficiency into liposomes were studied in various commercially available lecithin mixtures (Phosal IP40, Phosal 75SA, and Lipoid P45). The resulting multilamellar polyprenol liposomes were morphologically characterized by Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and the liposome size was discovered to be polymodal with the main peak at 1360 nm (90% of the volume). As polyprenols are fully soluble only in lipids, a liposomal formulation based upon co-solubilization and a modified ethanol injection method of polyprenols into the ethanol-phospholipid system was developed for the entrapment and delivery of polyprenols for potential commercial applications in food supplement and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Vanaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (R.M.); (B.J.)
- LTD “Silv EXPO”, Alberta str. 12-2, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
- JSC “Biolat”, Rigas str. 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-29554716
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot Currie 14A, 51-383 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Institute for Environmental Solutions, „Lidlauks”, Priekulu parish, LV- 4101 Priekulu county, Latvia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas str. 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ugis Kletnieks
- LTD “Silv EXPO”, Alberta str. 12-2, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia
- JSC “Biolat”, Rigas str. 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (R.M.); (B.J.)
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas str. 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (R.M.); (B.J.)
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Saulite L, Jekabsons K, Klavins M, Muceniece R, Riekstina U. Effects of malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin on human adipose mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes. Phytomedicine 2019; 53:86-95. [PMID: 30668416 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthocyanidins are plant phytochemicals found at high concentrations in berries, vegetables and flowers. Anthocyanidins have been extensively investigated due to their antioxidative, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Few studies show that anthocyanidins decrease obesity and improve bone density. However, the effects of anthocyanidins on tissue regeneration have not been sufficiently clarified. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells responsible for the regeneration of fat, bone and cartilage. Although MSCs are often used for screening of biologically active compounds, so far, the effect of anthocyanidins on MSC differentiation has not been addressed. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of anthocyanidins malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin on adipose tissue-derived MSC differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Differentiation into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes was carried out in the defined cell culture conditions in the presence or absence of malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin. The differentiation was confirmed by cytochemical staining and tissue-specific gene and protein expression. Antiobesity and anti-diabetes drug liraglutide was used as a reference drug in this study. RESULTS Delphinidin inhibited MSC adipogenesis and downregulated FABP4 and adiponectin genes. Malvidin induced a significantly higher accumulation of calcium deposits in MSCs comparing to untreated MSCs, as well as upregulated the osteocyte-specific gene BMP-2 and Runx-2 expression and induced BMP-2 secretion. Cyanidin and delphinidin demonstrated a chondrogenesis stimulating effect by upregulation of Col2a1 and aggrecan. CONCLUSION Altogether, our data show that anthocyanidins malvidin, cyanidin and delphinidin exert favourable effects on MSC osteogenesis and chondrogenesis whereas delphinidin inhibits adipogenesis. These results suggest that anthocyanidin effects on tissue regeneration could be further analysed in depth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Saulite
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga 1586, Latvia.
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga 1586, Latvia
| | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga 1004, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga 1586, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, Riga 1586, Latvia
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Nakurte I, Jekabsons K, Rembergs R, Zandberga E, Abols A, Linē A, Muceniece R. Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480 and SW620 Released Extravascular Vesicles: Focus on Hypoxia-induced Surface Proteome Changes. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:6133-6138. [PMID: 30396929 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Extravascular vesicle (EV) proteome closely reflects the proteome of the cell of origin. Therefore, cancer cell-derived EV proteomic analysis could help in identifying cancer biomarkers. This study's goal was to investigate hypoxia-induced proteomic changes in EV released from hypoxic human isogenic non-metastatic colorectal cancer cells SW480 and metastatic colorectal cancer cells SW620. MATERIALS AND METHODS EV were characterized by western blot, transmission electron microscopy, proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography time-of-flight-mass spectrometry and quantified by an label-free intensity-based absolute quantitation (iBAQ) approach. RESULTS A total of 16 proteins in hypoxic EV exceeded normoxic EV protein levels in SW480 EV. Of them, 15 were also found in EV of hypoxic SW620 cells. The expression levels of proteins differed quantitatively: iBAQ (log 10) scores of the levels of five proteins in SW620 EV exceeded those in hypoxic SW480 EV and levels of 11 proteins in SW480 EV exceeded those of SW620 EV. CONCLUSION Under hypoxia, colorectal cancer cells release EV that qualitatively and quantitatively change the surface proteome. In the future, the specific hypoxia-induced proteins could be developed as new biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva Nakurte
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Reinis Rembergs
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Arturs Abols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Muceniece R, Riekstina U, Maurina B, Enina V, Atkinson J. Pharmacy Practice and Education in Latvia. Pharmacy 2018; 6:pharmacy6010009. [PMID: 29361717 PMCID: PMC5874548 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1001 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, the University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., LV-1001 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Maurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Vija Enina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Pharmacolor Consultants Nancy, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France.
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Gerina-Berzina A, Hasnere S, Kolesovs A, Umbrashko S, Muceniece R, Nakurte I. Determination of cisplatin in human blood plasma and urine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for oncological patients with a variety of fatty tissue mass for prediction of toxicity. Exp Oncol 2017; 39:124-130. [PMID: 29483491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The research was aimed to analyze a level of triglycerides in blood serum as a possible new marker of toxicity, particularly in patients with excess body weight, receiving cisplatin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study involved 20 oncological patients with stage III lung cancer, who received palliative treatment with cisplatin. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for quantitative determination of pure cisplatin in urine and blood samples. Cisplatin concentration of the test samples was determined based on the data obtained from the calibration graph. RESULTS Quantitative determination of pure cisplatin is quite complicated. The elimination half-time for one of the groups was observed higher almost by half than for other patients. Higher dose of cisplatin showed a significant association with increase in triglyceride levels. We found a close correlation between body mass index and triglyceride changes during chemotherapy (p = 0.001; r = 0.67). The results indicate that a higher body mass index gives higher fluctuations of triglyceride levels in blood serum. Analyses of correlation between level of triglycerides and elimination half-time show that by an increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood serum cisplatin elimination half-time is prolonged (R2 Linear = 0.596). Cisplatin concentration in urine is higher and elimination takes longer time at elevated levels of triglycerides, where close correlation between fraction of excreted substance in urine and concentration parameters was seen (p < 0.01). Also good correlation for body mass index with fraction of excreted substance in urine and concentration parameters was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Clearance of cisplatin, which was determined by the chromatographic method, is reduced in individuals with increased adipose tissue mass. Research data suggest that overweight affects cisplatin elimination from the body. The greater body fat mass can contribute to a greater rise of triglyceride level in blood serum. Triglycerides in blood plasma may serve as an additional indicator of higher cisplatin toxicity as a cardiotoxicity marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Hasnere
- Latvia University, Riga 1002, Latvia
| | - A Kolesovs
- Latvia University, Faculty of Psychology, Riga 2015, Latvia
| | - S Umbrashko
- Riga Stradiņš University, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga 2010, Latvia
| | - R Muceniece
- Latvia University, Faculty of Chemistry, Riga 2004, Latvia
| | - I Nakurte
- Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga 1002, Latvia
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Aleksis R, Jaudzems K, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E. Lunasin is a redox sensitive intrinsically disordered peptide with two transiently populated α-helical regions. Peptides 2016; 85:56-62. [PMID: 27639324 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lunasin is a 43 amino acid peptide with anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering properties. Although the mechanism of action of lunasin has been characterized to some extent, its exact three-dimensional structure as well as the function of the N-terminal sequence remains unknown. We established a novel method for the production of recombinant lunasin that allows efficient isotope labeling for NMR studies. Initial studies showed that lunasin can exist in a reduced or oxidized state with an intramolecular disulfide bond depending on solution conditions. The structure of both forms of the peptide at pH 3.5 and 6.5 was characterized by CD spectroscopy and multidimensional NMR methods. The data indicate that lunasin belongs to the class of intrinsically disordered proteins. The analysis of secondary structure propensities indicates the presence of two helical regions and an extended (beta strand) conformation at the C-terminus. We hypothesize that the transient secondary structure elements could be stabilized upon interaction with the histones H3 and H4. The newly discovered redox properties of lunasin could explain its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihards Aleksis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV-1586, Latvia
| | - Edvards Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia.
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Volmer D, Sokirskaja A, Laaksonen R, Vainio K, Sandler N, Halvorsen KH, Kjome RLS, Gizurarson S, Muceniece R, Maurina B, Dauksiene J, Ruuben L, Björnsdottir I, Ratassepp T, Heinämäki J. Perception of the Professional Knowledge of and Education on the Medical Technology Products among the Pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic Countries-A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study. Pharmacy (Basel) 2016; 4:pharmacy4040029. [PMID: 28970402 PMCID: PMC5419374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy4040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With increased development of medical technology (MT), new challenges emerge related to education and training of pharmacists and other healthcare specialists. Currently, only a few universities in the EU promote MT education and research. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the current status, views on, and need for the education on MT for the pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic countries. Methods: The representatives of higher education institutions and community/hospital pharmacists from six Baltic and Nordic countries participated in a qualitative cross-sectional exploratory internet-based study from May to October 2014. Results: Approximately two-third of the respondents considered professional knowledge about MT products important for pharmacists, but half of them had never participated in any MT courses. More practicing pharmacists than representatives of academia underlined the need for increased MT education for pharmacy students in the future. Conclusions: The pharmacists in the Baltic and Nordic countries consider the professional knowledge about MT as pertinent in their education and work. The limited number and status of MT courses available today, however, is a major concern among both pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists in these countries. In the future, increasing education combining theory and practice about MT products would be one possible solution to overcome this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Volmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Str., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Aleksandra Sokirskaja
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Str., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Raisa Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 (P.O. Box 56), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kirsti Vainio
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Niklas Sandler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A FI, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kjell H Halvorsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | | | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Baiba Maurina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Jurgita Dauksiene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Lilian Ruuben
- Tallinn Health Care College, 13418 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Ingunn Björnsdottir
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tagne Ratassepp
- Medical Device Department, Estonian Health Board, 50303 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 1 Nooruse Str., 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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Muceniece R, Namniece J, Nakurte I, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Jansone B. Pharmacological research on natural substances in Latvia: Focus on lunasin, betulin, polyprenol and phlorizin. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:760-770. [PMID: 27109319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this concise review the current research in plant bioactive compound studies in Latvia is described. The paper summarizes recent studies on substances from edible plants (e.g., cereals and apples) or their synthetic analogues, such as peptide lunasin, as well as substances isolated from inedible plants (e.g., birch and conifer), such as pentacyclic triterpenes (e.g., betulin, betulinic acid, and lupeol) and polyprenols. Latvian researchers have been first to demonstrate the presence of lunasin in triticale and oats. Additionally, the impact of genotype on the levels of lunasin in cereals was shown. Pharmacological studies have revealed effects of lunasin and synthetic triterpenes on the central nervous system in rodents. We were first to show that synthetic lunasin causes a marked neuroleptic/cataleptic effect and that betulin antagonizes bicuculline-induced seizures (a GABA A receptor antagonist). Studies on the mechanisms of action showed that lunasin binds to dopamine D1 receptors and betulin binds to melanocortin and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors therefore we suggest that these receptors play an essential role in lunasin's and betulin's central effects. Recent studies on conifer polyprenols demonstrated the ability of polyprenols to prevent statin-induced muscle weakness in a rat model. Another study on plant compounds has demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of phlorizin-containing unripe apple pomace in healthy volunteers. In summary, research into plant-derived compounds in Latvia has been focused on fractionating, isolating and characterizing of lunasin, triterpenes, polyprenols and phlorizin using in vitro, and in vivo assays, and human observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia.
| | - Jana Namniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Department of Physical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV1586, Latvia
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12
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Rucins M, Kaldre D, Pajuste K, Fernandes MA, Vicente JA, Klimaviciusa L, Jaschenko E, Kanepe-Lapsa I, Shestakova I, Plotniece M, Gosteva M, Sobolev A, Jansone B, Muceniece R, Klusa V, Plotniece A. Synthesis and studies of calcium channel blocking and antioxidant activities of novel 4-pyridinium and/or N-propargyl substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Dzirkale Z, Rumaks J, Svirskis S, Mazina O, Allikalt A, Rinken A, Jekabsons K, Muceniece R, Klusa V. Lunasin-induced behavioural effects in mice: focus on the dopaminergic system. Behav Brain Res 2013; 256:5-9. [PMID: 23933157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study for the first time is devoted to identify central effects of synthetic lunasin, a 43 amino acid peptide. A markedly expressed neuroleptic/cataleptic effect was observed at low (0.1-10 nmol/mouse) centrally administered doses in male C57Bl/6 mice. Lunasin considerably reduced the amphetamine hyperlocomotion but weakly apomorphine climbing behaviour. No influence on ketamine and bicuculline effects was observed. Binding assay studies demonstrated modest affinity of lunasin for the dopamine D₁ receptor (Ki=60 ± 15 μM). In a functional assay of cAMP accumulation on live cells lunasin antagonised apomorphine effect on D₁ receptor activation (pEC₅₀=6.1 ± 0.3), but had no effect in cells expressing D₂ receptors. The obtained data suggest that lunasin's action at least in part is provided via dopaminergic D1 receptor pathways. However, other non-identified mechanisms (probably intracellular) may play an important role in lunasin's central action. Nevertheless further studies of lunasin are promising, particularly taking into account a necessity for novel type of antipsychotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Dzirkale
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1A Sarlotes St, Riga, LV-1001, Latvia
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14
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Klusa V, Muceniece R, Isajevs S, Isajeva D, Beitnere U, Mandrika I, Pupure J, Rumaks J, Jansone B, Kalvinsh I, Vinters HV. Mildronate enhances learning/memory and changes hippocampal protein expression in trained rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 106:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
The melanocortins (MC) are released from neurons and paracrine cells in the CNS where they are involved in important physiological functions, including regulation of body temperature and immune responses. MC bind to melanocortin receptors, a class of cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors. Of the five subtypes of MC receptors that have been cloned in mammals, the MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors are expressed in brain tissues. Expression of MC receptors in both brain cells and cells of the immune system suggests direct involvement of MC in regulation of inflammatory processes in the brain. The binding of MC to MC receptors induces activation of adenylate cyclase, increase in intracellular cAMP level and, consequently, inhibition of the nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-κB) signalling. Inflammatory processes contribute to development of severe CNS diseases, both in acute and chronic conditions. Thus far, the anti-inflammatory effects of MC in the CNS have been mainly studied using peptides that are relatively unselective for individual MC receptor subtypes. Consequently, these studies do not allow identification of specific MC receptor(s) involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes. However, recently synthesized ligands selective for individual MC receptors indicated that both MC4 and MC3 agonists are promising anti-inflammatory agents in treatment of brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Sarlotes St. 1a, Riga, LV-1001, Latvia.
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16
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Nakurte I, Klavins K, Kirhnere I, Namniece J, Adlere L, Matvejevs J, Kronberga A, Kokare A, Strazdina V, Legzdina L, Muceniece R. Discovery of lunasin peptide in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack). J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Parfejevs V, Laizane A, Pavasare M, Lencberga N, Jansone B, Muceniece R. Culture-expanded human dermal stem cells exhibit donor to donor differences in cAMP generation. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:253-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Svalbe B, Zvejniece L, Vavers E, Pugovics O, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E, Dambrova M. Mildronate treatment improves functional recovery following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Behav Brain Res 2011; 222:26-32. [PMID: 21420440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mildronate (3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate) is an inhibitor of l-carnitine biosynthesis and an anti-ischemic drug. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mildronate in rats following focal cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) for 90min, followed by the intraperitoneal administration of mildronate at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg 2h after reperfusion and then daily for an additional 14days. The beam-walking, rota-rod and cylinder tests were used to assess sensorimotor function, and vibrissae-evoked forelimb-placing and limb-placing tests examined responses to tactile and proprioceptive stimulation. Following behavioural testing, the infarct volume was measured. The cerebellar concentrations of l-carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) and mildronate were also measured. The results showed that saline-treated MCAO rats had minor or no spontaneous recovery in sensorimotor and proprioceptive function up to 14days post-stroke. Treatment with mildronate at a dose of 200mg/kg was found to accelerate recovery of motor and proprioceptive deficits in limb-placing, cylinder and beam-walking tests. Analysis of rat cerebellar tissue extracts revealed that l-carnitine and GBB concentrations changed with mildronate treatment; the concentration of l-carnitine was significantly decreased by mildronate treatment, whereas the concentration of GBB was significantly increased. Cerebellar concentrations of mildronate also increased in a dose-dependent manner following systemic administration. Infarct size did not differ among the experimental groups on post-stroke day 14. The present study suggests that mildronate treatment improves the functional outcome in MCAO rats without influencing infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiba Svalbe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia; University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
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19
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Klusa VZ, Isajevs S, Svirina D, Pupure J, Beitnere U, Rumaks J, Svirskis S, Jansone B, Dzirkale Z, Muceniece R, Kalvinsh I, Vinters HV. Neuroprotective properties of mildronate, a small molecule, in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:4465-87. [PMID: 21151450 PMCID: PMC3000094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have found that mildronate [3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate dihydrate], a small molecule with charged nitrogen and oxygen atoms, protects mitochondrial metabolism that is altered by inhibitors of complex I and has neuroprotective effects in an azidothymidine-neurotoxicity mouse model. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mildronate in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) that was generated via a unilateral intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). We assessed the expression of cell biomarkers that are involved in signaling cascades and provide neural and glial integration: the neuronal marker TH (tyrosine hydroxylase); ubiquitin (a regulatory peptide involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system); Notch-3 (a marker of progenitor cells); IBA-1 (a marker of microglial cells); glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP (a marker of astrocytes); and inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS (a marker of inflammation). The data show that in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum, mildronate completely prevented the loss of TH, stimulated Notch-3 expression and decreased the expression of ubiquitin, GFAP and iNOS. These results provide evidence for the ability of mildronate to control the expression of an array of cellular proteins and, thus, impart multi-faceted homeostatic mechanisms in neurons and glial cells in a rat model of PD. We suggest that the use of mildronate provides a protective effect during the early stages of PD that can delay or halt the progression of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vija Z. Klusa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +371-292-762-63; Fax: +371-673-663-06
| | - Sergejs Isajevs
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Darja Svirina
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jolanta Pupure
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ulrika Beitnere
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Rumaks
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simons Svirskis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Zane Dzirkale
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine and Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Aaltonen SE, Laine NP, Volmer D, Gharat MS, Muceniece R, Vitola A, Foulon V, Desplenter FA, Airaksinen MS, Chen TF, Bell JS. Barriers to medication counselling for people with mental health disorders: a six country study. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2010; 8:122-31. [PMID: 25132880 PMCID: PMC4133066 DOI: 10.4321/s1886-36552010000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Provision of medication information may improve adherence and prevent medication related problems. People with mental health disorders commonly receive less medication counselling from pharmacists than people with other common long term and persistent disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elina Aaltonen
- Division of Social Pharmacy. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki ( Finland ) [Now: Porvoon Uusi Apteekki, Porvoo (Finland)]
| | - Niina P Laine
- Division of Social Pharmacy. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki ( Finland ). [Now: Vihdin Apteekki, Helsinki (Finland)]
| | - Daisy Volmer
- Institute of Pharmacy. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu ( Estonia )
| | - Manjiri S Gharat
- Community Pharmacy Division. Indian Pharmaceutical Association India; K.M. Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic. Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra ( India )
| | | | - Anna Vitola
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University ( Latvia )
| | - Veerle Foulon
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmacoeconomics. Faculty of Pharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( Belgium )
| | - Franciska A Desplenter
- Research Centre for Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmacoeconomics. Faculty of Pharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( Belgium )
| | - Marja S Airaksinen
- Division of Social Pharmacy. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki ( Finland )
| | | | - J Simon Bell
- Division of Social Pharmacy. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki ( Finland ). [Now: Kuopio Research Centre of Geriatric Care, and Clinical Pharmacology and Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Unit. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (Finland)]
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Riekstina U, Cakstina I, Parfejevs V, Hoogduijn M, Jankovskis G, Muiznieks I, Muceniece R, Ancans J. Embryonic stem cell marker expression pattern in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, heart and dermis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 5:378-86. [PMID: 20058201 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of human tissues, e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis, hair follicles, heart, liver, spleen, dental pulp. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative potential MSCs have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies for a variety of conditions, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), Crohn's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, cartilage damage and myocardial infarction. MSC cultures are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. Complications in defining MSC arise from the fact that different laboratories have employed different tissue sources, extraction, and cultivation methods. Although cell-surface antigens of MSCs have been extensively explored, there is no conclusive evidence that unique stem cells markers are associated with these adult cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4 in adult mesenchymal stem cell populations derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis and heart. Furthermore, we tested whether human mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions. We found that bone marrow MSCs express embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, adipose tissue and dermis MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, whereas heart MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2 and SSEA-4. Our results also indicate that human adult mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions during early passages, as shown by distinct germ layer and embryonic stem cell marker expression patterns. Studies are now needed to determine the functional role of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and SOX2 in adult human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1001, Latvia.
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22
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Dambrova M, Zvejniece L, Skapare E, Vilskersts R, Svalbe B, Baumane L, Muceniece R, Liepinsh E. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of NF-kappaB inhibitory guanidine derivative ME10092. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:455-60. [PMID: 20074673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The guanidine compound ME10092 (1-(3,4-dimethoxy-2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-guanidine) is known to possess anti-radical and anti-ischemic activity but its molecular targets have not been identified. This study investigated whether ME10092 regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB)-mediated signal transduction in vivo. The effect of ME10092 treatment (1-100 pmol/mouse) on nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, activation of expression of inflammatory mediators and production of nitric oxide were measured in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced brain inflammation model in mice in vivo. The antinociceptive activity of ME10092 was tested in the formalin-induced paw licking test. ME10092 dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, transcription of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements showed that ME10092 inhibited the LPS-induced increase in nitric oxide content in mouse brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In the formalin-induced paw licking test, ME10092 (at the dose of 3mg/kg, p.o. twice daily for eight days) significantly reduced nociceptive response. In conclusion, above results indicate that ME10092 inhibits NF-kappaB activation and suppresses the up-regulation of inflammatory mediators in experimental models in vivo.
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Bell JS, Aaltonen SE, Airaksinen MS, Volmer D, Gharat MS, Muceniece R, Vitola A, Foulon V, Desplenter FA, Chen TF. Determinants of mental health stigma among pharmacy students in Australia, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, India and Latvia. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2010; 56:3-14. [PMID: 19861340 DOI: 10.1177/0020764008097621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare professionals commonly exhibit negative attitudes toward people with mental disorders. Few international studies have sought to investigate the determinants of stigma. OBJECTIVE To conduct an international comparison of pharmacy students' stigma towards people with schizophrenia, and to determine whether stigma is consistently associated with stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. METHOD Students (n = 649) at eight universities in Australia, Belgium, India, Finland, Estonia and Latvia completed a seven-item Social Distance Scale (SDS) and six items related to stereotypical attributes of people with schizophrenia. RESULTS Mean SDS scores were 19.65 (+/- 3.97) in Australia, 19.61 (+/- 2.92) in Belgium, 18.75 (+/- 3.57) in India, 18.05 (+/- 3.12) in Finland, and 20.90 (+/- 4.04) in Estonia and Latvia. Unpredictability was most strongly associated with having a high social distance in Australia (beta = -1.285), the perception that people will never recover in India (beta = - 0.881), dangerousness in Finland (beta = -1.473) and the perception of being difficult to talk to in Estonia and Latvia (beta = -2.076). Unpredictability was associated with lower social distance in Belgium (beta = 0.839). CONCLUSION The extent to which students held stigmatizing attitudes was similar in each country, however, the determinants of stigma were different. Pharmacy education may need to be tailored to address the determinants of stigma in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Bell
- Division of Social Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Riekstina U, Muceniece R, Cakstina I, Muiznieks I, Ancans J. Characterization of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation rate in different growth conditions. Cytotechnology 2008; 58:153-62. [PMID: 19219561 PMCID: PMC2652560 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-009-9183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated conditions for optimal in vitro propagation of human skin-derived mesenchymal stem cells (S-MSC). Forty primary skin-derived precursor cell (SKP) cultures were established from both male and female donors (age 29-65 years) and eight of them were randomly selected for in-depth characterization. Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) and dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) on S-MSC proliferation were investigated. Primary SKP cultures were >95% homogenous for CD90, CD73, and CD105 marker expression enabling to classify these cells as S-MSC. FGF-2 dose-dependent stimulation was observed in low serum medium only, whereas EGF neither stimulated S-MSC proliferation nor potentates the effect of FGF-2. Pronounced donor to donor differences among S-MSC cultures were observed in 3-day proliferation assay. This study demonstrates that homogenous S-MSC populations can be reproducibly isolated from individual donors of different age. Optimal cell culture conditions for in vitro propagation of S-MSC are B27 supplemented or low serum media with FGF-2 (4 ng/ml). EGF and LIF as well as db-cAMP are dispensable for S-MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1a Sarlotes Street, Riga, 1001 Latvia
| | - Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 1a Sarlotes Street, Riga, 1001 Latvia
| | - Inese Cakstina
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda blvd., Riga, 1586 Latvia
| | - Indrikis Muiznieks
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda blvd., Riga, 1586 Latvia
| | - Janis Ancans
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Kronvalda blvd., Riga, 1586 Latvia
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Vrublevska K, Rukmane J, Burmistrs R, Sipols J, Muceniece R. Dispensing of psychotropic drugs to adults in community pharmacies in Latvia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 30:934-9. [PMID: 18839330 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-008-9256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate outpatient utilization of psychotropic drugs before and after pharmaceutical reform in Latvia. SETTING Data concerning prescribing and dispensing of psychotropic drugs were collected in six community pharmacies in the region of Latgale of Latvia. METHOD An exploratory analysis of prescription data provided by six community pharmacies from 2004 to 2007. Drugs included in the study were classified according to an Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical (ATC) drug classification system, and ATC data were used to calculate defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants. The National SSK-10 classification was used for analysis of codes of disease diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Identification of the most often prescribed psychotropic drug and prescribing physician, patient characterization by age and gender, and analysis of codes of diseases. RESULTS Benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs were mainly prescribed in outpatient practice. Diazepam was the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepine-12 DDD/1,000/day. The drugs were prescribed mainly by family physicians (in 66% of cases). Female residents bought more psychotropic drugs than males. In addition, residents of cities bought little more drugs than those living outside urban areas. Accordingly to the recorded disease codes, the codes for neurotic and behavioral disorders dominated. CONCLUSION The introduction of new norms neither increased nor decreased the number of psychotropic drug prescriptions filled. The most often prescribed psychotropic drugs over 4-year period were benzodiazepines and their derivates. Disease codes on the prescriptions fully justified a reason for psychotropic drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Vrublevska
- Faculty of Medicine of University of Latvia, Sarlotes Str. 1a, Riga, LV 1001, Latvia
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Muceniece R, Saleniece K, Krigere L, Rumaks J, Dzirkale Z, Mezhapuke R, Kviesis J, Mekss P, Klusa V, Schiöth HB, Dambrova M. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) juice exerts an anticonvulsant effect in mice through binding to GABA receptors. Planta Med 2008; 74:491-496. [PMID: 18543146 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring benzodiazepines have been identified in regular food such as wheat and potato, but there is still no evidence that potato extracts can affect CNS responses in vivo. Here we found that undiluted potato juice and potato juice diluted with saline 1 : 2 administered 10 min intracisternally ( I. C.) and 30 min per os before bicuculline exerted significant anticonvulsant activity in the bicuculline-induced seizure threshold test in mice. In vitro, potato juice from different harvests at dilution series from 10 % to 0.000001 %, diluted 100,000-fold, displaced 50 % of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor ligand [ (3)H]GABA and diluted 40-fold displaced 50 % of [(3)H]flunitrazepam from binding sites in mice forebrain membranes. The low content of diazepam (0.04 +/- 0.01 mg/kg) determined by HPLC and mass spectrometry in the potato extracts could not sustain the anticonvulsant activity of potato juice in vivo; therefore we hypothesized that potato juice might contain GABA (A) receptor GABA-site active compounds. The findings of this study suggest that potato juice as well as potato taken as food may have the capacity of influencing brain GABA-ergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- University of Latvia, Faculty of Medicine, Sarlotes Str. 1a, Riga, Latvia.
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Muceniece R, Zvejniece L, Vilskersts R, Liepinsh E, Baumane L, Kalvinsh I, Wikberg JE, Dambrova M. Functional Evaluation of THIQ, a Melanocortin 4 Receptor Agonist, in Models of Food Intake and Inflammation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 101:416-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Muceniece R, Saleniece K, Riekstina U, Krigere L, Tirzitis G, Ancans J. Betulin binds to melanocortin receptors and antagonizes alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced cAMP generation in mouse melanoma cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25:591-6. [PMID: 17605140 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Betulin is a principal component of birch bark and is known to possess a broad range of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, antiviral and anticancer actions. The present study was carried out in vitro to clarify the influence of betulin on melanocortin (MC) receptor-ergic signalling by using COS-7 cells transfected with corresponding human MC receptor DNA. The results showed that betulin binds to the human melanocortin MC1, three to five receptors with selectivity to the MC1 subtype (K(i) value 1.022 +/- 0.115 microM). Betulin binds to the MC receptors with the following potency order-MC > MC3 > MC5 > MC4. Betulin itself does not stimulate cAMP generation, however, it slightly antagonizes alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-induced cAMP accumulation in the mouse melanoma cell line B16-F1. As a water-insoluble substance, betulin was dissolved in DMSO therefore DMSO competition with the labelled ligand NDP-MSH for the binding to the MC receptors was tested in the identical experimental set-up. We found that DMSO competes for binding to all the MC receptor subtypes, at 20% concentration and above. Selectivity for one or another receptor subtype was not observed. We have demonstrated for the first time, the ability of the plant compound betulin to bind to the MC receptors. One may suggest MC receptor MC1 subtype as the essential target for the antimelanoma action of betulin and its structurally close molecules such as betulinic acid. Moreover, we have found a new non-peptide small molecule MC mimetic, that is betulin. Thus, we report a new chemical motif for the binding to the MC receptors that could be used as a template for the search of more selective MC mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
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Vrublevska K, Petjkane I, Krigere L, Saleniece K, Muceniece R. Experience of the dispensing of plant and sea animal extract-based rheumatoid arthritis drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Muceniece R, Rukmane J, Burmistrs R, Krigere L, Riekstina U. Dispensing of the psychotropic drugs via community pharmacies during 2005–2006 years. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krigere L, Jekabsons K, Saleniece K, Muceniece R. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the phenazepam tablets 12 years after manufacturing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mutulis F, Kreicberga J, Yahorava S, Mutule I, Borisova-Jan L, Yahorau A, Muceniece R, Azena S, Veiksina S, Petrovska R, Wikberg JES. Design and synthesis of a library of tertiary amides: evaluation as mimetics of the melanocortins' active core. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5787-810. [PMID: 17618123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and ten tertiary amides were prepared on solid phase. Diamines were coupled to activated carboxylated Wang polymer, and the polymeric substituted benzyloxycarbonyl protected diamines obtained were reacted with aldehydes or ketones in trimethyl orthoformate giving resin attached Schiff bases. Coupled resins were then reduced to secondary amines by sodium cyanoborohydride in 4% acetic acid/trimethyl orthoformate, followed by acylation with the carboxylic acid in the presence of PyBroP and diisopropylethylamine. Cleavage of tertiary amides from the resin was made by trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of scavengers (mainly 1,2-ethanedithiol). When indole derivatives were prepared, parallel alkylation with the linker fragment occurred, giving derivatives of 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-indole as side products. Solution synthesis or mixed liquid/solid phase preparation of title substances proved to be advantageous in cases when the above method did not give acceptable results. According to this approach an efficient formation of Schiff bases was achieved in the presence of TiCl(4). Substances were isolated by reversed phase chromatography; in some cases isomers were additionally separated by chiral chromatography on Chirobiotic T. When tested on human recombinant melanocortin receptors all the tertiary amides showed some binding affinities; for the highest affinity compounds the K(i)s reached 400 nM on MC(1), 2 microM on MC(3) and 1 microM on MC(4) and MC(5) receptors. cAMP assays of some of the title compounds showed that the tertiary amides are melanocortin receptor antagonists on the four MC receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felikss Mutulis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Pharmacology, Uppsala Biomedical center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schiöth HB, Muceniece R, Mutule I, Wikberg JES. New melanocortin 1 receptor binding motif based on the C-terminal sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 99:287-93. [PMID: 17040213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The C-terminal tripeptide of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH11-13) possesses strong antiinflammatory activity without known cellular target. In order to better understand the structural requirements for function of such motif, we designed, synthesized and tested out Trp- and Tyr-containing analogues of the alpha-MSH11-13. Seven alpha-MSH11-13 analogues were synthesized and characterized for their binding to the melanocortin receptors recombinantly expressed in insect (Sf9) cells, infected with baculovirus carrying corresponding MC receptor DNA. We also tested these analogues on B16-F1 mouse melanoma cells endogenously expressing the MC1 receptor for binding and for ability to increase cAMP levels as well as on COS-7 cells transfected with the human MC receptors. The data indicate that HS401 (Ac-Tyr-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2) and HS402 (Ac-Lys-Pro-Val-Tyr-NH2) selectively bound to the MC1 receptor and stimulated cAMP generation in a concentration dependent way while the other Tyr- and Trp-containing alpha-MSH11-13 analogues neither bound to MC receptors nor stimulated cAMP. We have thus identified new MC receptor binding motif derived from the C-terminal sequence of alpha-MSH. The tetrapeptides have novel properties as the both act via MC-ergic pathways and also carry the anti-inflammatory alpha-MSH11-13 message sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zvejniece L, Muceniece R, Krigere L, Dambrova M, Klusa VZ. The differential influences of melanocortins on nociception in the formalin and tail flick tests. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 85:287-91. [PMID: 16970983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 08/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortins exert multiple physiological effects that include the modulation of immune responses, inflammation processes, and pain transmission. In the present study we investigated the peripheral activity of natural melanocortins - alpha-, beta-, gamma1- and gamma2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) - and melanocortin receptor subtypes 3 and 4 (MC3/4 receptor) antagonist HS014 in pain (formalin and tail flick) tests after peptide subcutaneous administration in mice. In the formalin test, among all substances tested only alpha-MSH (1 micromol/kg) statistically significantly inhibited the formalin-induced first phase pain response, however, all tested peptides (except gamma1-MSH) at the dose of 1 micromol/kg produced a pronounced inhibitory effect on nociceptive behavior in the second phase and this activity was comparable with that of indomethacin (reference drug, 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally); beta-MSH was also active at a dose 0.1 micromol/kg. In the tail flick test, alpha-MSH (1 micromol/kg) showed algesic, whereas HS014 (0.5 micromol/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) exerted analgesic activity. Other peptides did not exert any activity in the tail flick test. These data indicate that peripherally administered melanocortin receptor agonists alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and gamma2-MSH, as well as MC3/4 receptor antagonist HS014 induced antinociception on pain/inflammatory events caused by formalin suggesting a predominant anti-inflammatory role of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Zvejniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles St. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.
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Muceniece R, Zvejniece L, Liepinsh E, Kirjanova O, Baumane L, Petrovska R, Mutulis F, Mutule I, Kalvinsh I, Wikberg JES, Dambrova M. The MC3 receptor binding affinity of melanocortins correlates with the nitric oxide production inhibition in mice brain inflammation model. Peptides 2006; 27:1443-50. [PMID: 16414147 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortins possess strong anti-inflammatory effects acting in the central nervous system via inhibition of the production of nitric oxide (NO) during brain inflammation. To shed more light into the role of melanocortin (MC) receptor subtypes involved we synthesized and evaluated some novel peptides, modified in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) core structure, natural MCs and known MC receptor selective peptides - MS05, MS06. Since the study included both selective, high affinity binders and the novel peptides, it was possible to do the correlation analysis of binding activities and the NO induction-related anti-inflammatory effect of the peptides. beta-MSH, gamma1-MSH, gamma2-MSH, alpha-MSH, MS05, Ac-MS06 and Ac-[Ser12]MS06 caused dose dependent inhibition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase of NO overproduction in the mice forebrain whereas MSH core modified peptides Ac-[Asp9,Ser12]MS06, [Asp9]alpha-MSH and [Asp16]beta-MSH were devoid of this effect in doses up to 10 nmol per mouse. When the minimal effective dose required for inhibition of NO production was correlated with the in vitro binding activity to MC receptor subtypes a strong and significant correlation was found for the MC3 receptor (r = 0.90; p = 0.0008), whereas weak correlation was present for the other receptors. Our results suggest that the MC3 receptor is the major player in mediating the anti-inflammatory activity of MCs in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Sarlotes St. 1a, Riga LV-1001, Latvia.
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Muceniece R, Zvejniece L, Kirjanova O, Liepinsh E, Krigere L, Vilskersts R, Baumane L, Gordjusina V, Kalvinsh I, Wikberg JES, Dambrova M. Beta-MSH inhibits brain inflammation via MC(3)/(4) receptors and impaired NF-kappaB signaling. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 169:13-9. [PMID: 16154641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of melanocortin peptides have been demonstrated in different inflammation models. This is the first report describing the molecular mechanisms for the beta-MSH-induced suppression of bacterial lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-caused brain inflammation. We found that beta-MSH suppresses LPS-induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the following nitric oxide overproduction in the brain, in vivo. Moreover, administering the preferentially MC(4) receptor selective antagonist HS014 blocked completely these effects, suggesting a tentative MC(4) receptor mediated mechanism of action for the beta-MSH. However, as HS014 shows quite low selectivity vis-à-vis the MC(3) receptor, a role for the MC(3) receptor cannot be excluded. In conclusion, our results show that beta-MSH is capable of inhibiting brain inflammation via activation of melanocortin receptors, of the subtypes 4 and/or 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Sarlotes St. 1a, Riga, LV-1001, Latvia.
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Muceniece R, Zvejniece L, Kirjanova O, Liepinsh E, Krigere L, Baumane L, Kalvinsh I, Wikberg JES, Dambrova M. β- and γ-melanocortins inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide production in mice brain. Brain Res 2004; 995:7-13. [PMID: 14644465 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) mediates many diverse physiological actions, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the physiological roles of the other melanocortins, beta- and gamma-MSH. Here, we investigated the effects of melanocortin peptides in an in vivo neuroinflammation model. Six hours following intracisternal (i.c.) administration of 10 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mice a five-fold increase in the nitric oxide (NO) level was seen in the animals' brains, when detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). All tested melanocortins, alpha-, beta-, gamma1- and gamma2-MSH (0.001-10 nmol/mouse i.c.), dose dependently reduced the LPS induced increases in brain NO, with an order of effectiveness: beta-MSH > or = gamma1-MSH=gamma2-MSH>alpha-MSH. Our results suggest specialized functions of beta- and gamma-MSH melanocortins in inflammatory signal modulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Sarlotes iela la, 1001 Riga, Latvia.
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Dambrova M, Kirjanova O, Baumane L, Liepinsh E, Zvejniece L, Muceniece R, Kalvinsh I, Wikberg JES. EPR investigation of in vivo inhibitory effect of guanidine compounds on nitric oxide production in rat tissues. J Physiol Pharmacol 2003; 54:339-47. [PMID: 14566073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2003] [Accepted: 07/23/2003] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vivo effects on NO production of pharmacologically widely used, commercially available NOS inhibitors, structurally related to guanidine. We compared the NO inhibitory potency and selectivity of L-NAME, aminoguanidine and guanabenz in tissues of normal and LPS-stimulated rats using ex vivo EPR measurements of the NO radical in its complex with dithiocarbamate-Fe(II). The tissues studied were the brain cortex, kidney, liver, heart and testis. Differential inhibitory effects were seen for L-NAME, aminoguanidine and guanabenz when applied during basal or LPS-stimulated conditions. Aminoguanidine exerted inhibition of NO only after stimulation with LPS. Guanabenz had little effect on NO in liver, kidney, testis and heart under normal conditions, while it reduced the basal NO in brain cortex. After stimulation with LPS guanabenz afforded a partial inhibition of the NO formation in all tissues studied. L-NAME was a potent inhibitor of NO synthesis in all tested tissues, both during basal and LPS stimulated conditions. Our results show that compounds containing a guanidine moiety might possess different NOS inhibitory profiles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles St 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.
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Abstract
The C-terminal tripeptide of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH (11-13) (Lys-Pro-Val), possesses strong anti-inflammatory actions, which are mediated via mechanisms that are not fully understood. To shed more light into these mechanisms we have here synthesised and evaluated the activities of L- and D-Val substituted cyclic modifications of MSH (11-13) on nitric oxide (NO) in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, as well as on binding to melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in B16-F1 and MCR expressing insect cells, and for effects on cAMP. MSH (11-13) and its analogues did neither bind to MCRs nor stimulate cAMP in RAW 264.7 and B16-F1 cells, except H-, which showed a tendency to increase cAMP at high (10-100 microM) concentrations. However, all investigated peptides dose dependently inhibited NO in LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7, cells with a structure activity relationship suggesting the existence of a distinct receptive site. This site appears to be distinct from the MCRs and not linked with cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Sarlotes iela 1a, LV-1001 Riga, Latvia.
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Schiöth HB, Kask A, Mutulis F, Muceniece R, Mutule I, Mutule I, Mandrika I, Wikberg JES. Novel selective melanocortin 4 receptor antagonist induces food intake after peripheral administration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 301:399-405. [PMID: 12565874 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)03065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a new series of small cyclic melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) analogues and screened them for binding affinity at the four MSH binding melanocortin (MC) receptors. We identified a novel substance HS131, with about 20-fold higher affinity for the MC4 receptor than the MC3 receptor. This substance proved to be antagonist for all the four MC receptors in a cAMP assay. HS131 is a six amino acid long peptide, has a molecular weight below 1000, and has only two amino acids in common with the natural MSH peptides. HS131 potently and dose dependently increased food intake after i.c.v. administration. Moreover, s.c. administration of HS131 (1.0 mg/kg) increased food intake, suggesting that HS131 may be able to pass the blood brain barrier. This cyclic low molecular weight peptidomimetic will enable studies of the functional role of the MC4 receptors by peripheral administration and it may be used as a template for further development of low molecular weight substances for the MC receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Schiöth HB, Tesfaye A, Mutulis F, Rudzish R, Mutule I, Muceniece R, Watanobe H, Wikberg JES. Subtype selective binding properties of substituted linear melanocyte stimulating hormone analogues. Neuropeptides 2002; 36:427-34. [PMID: 12507437 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4179(02)00133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors are peptide binding G-protein coupled receptors that play a role in important physiological functions such as energy balance, inflammatory processes and several aspects of reproduction. In this study, we synthesised 11 new linear MSH analogues and tested their binding to the human MC receptors (MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5) expressed in COS cells. Our results show that introduction of Asp in position 4 similarly affects the binding to the MC1, MC4 and MC5 receptors, but drastically lowers the binding to the MC3 receptor. Arg(5) substitution shows relatively high affinity for the MC4 receptor, while the results also give further support for specific importance of His(6) for the MC1 receptor. Introduction of Asp in position 10, mimicking gamma-MSH, decreased the affinity for the MC3 receptor in similar manner as for the MC4 receptor, suggesting that there are important differences in the binding conformation of gamma-MSH and NPD-MSH. Our results provide further information about the ligand binding requirements for each of the MC receptor subtypes, and highlights differential influence of the core residues in the MSH peptides. The data set also provides useful information for further calculations and modeling of MC receptor binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Box 593, Uppsala 751 24, Sweden.
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Schiöth HB, Bouifrouri AA, Rudzish R, Muceniece R, Watanobe H, Wikberg JES, Larhammar D. Pharmacological comparison of rat and human melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors in vitro. Regul Pept 2002; 106:7-12. [PMID: 12047904 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(02)00025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors found in the hypothalamus with important role in regulation of the energy balance. In this study, we performed pharmacological comparison of the rat and human melancortin (MC) 3 and MC4 receptors. We transiently expressed the genes for these receptors individually in a mammalian cell line and determined the binding affinities to several MSH peptides. The results showed no major difference between the rat and human MC3 receptors while the rat MC4 receptor had higher affinity to several peptides compared with the human MC4 receptor. NDP-, alpha-, beta-, gamma-MSH, ACTH(1-24), HS014 and MTII had from 5- to 34-fold higher affinity for the rat MC4 receptor, while SHU9119, HS024 and HS028 had similar affinity for both the MC4 receptors. Pharmacological species difference have earlier been reported for the MC1 and MC5 receptors but this is the first report showing important differences between the rat and human MC4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Center, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Neumann Andersen G, Nagaeva O, Mandrika I, Petrovska R, Muceniece R, Mincheva-Nilsson L, Wikberg JE. MC(1) receptors are constitutively expressed on leucocyte subpopulations with antigen presenting and cytotoxic functions. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 126:441-6. [PMID: 11737060 PMCID: PMC1906236 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of melanocortin MC(1) receptors on human peripheral lymphocyte subsets was analysed by flow cytometry using rabbit antibodies selective for the human MC(1) receptor and a panel of monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte differentiation markers. The MC(1) receptor was found to be constitutively expressed on monocytes/macrophages, B-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and a subset of cytotoxic T-cells. Interestingly T-helper cells appeared to be essentially devoid of MC(1) receptors. The results were confirmed by RT-PCR which indicated strong expression of MC(1) receptor mRNA in CD14(+), CD19(+) and CD56(+) cells. However, only a faint RT-PCR signal was seen in CD3(+) cells, in line with the immuno-staining results that indicated that only part of the CD3(+) cells (i.e. some of the CD8(+) cells) expressed the MC(1) receptor. The MC(1) receptors' constitutive expression on immune cells with antigen-presenting and cytotoxic functions implies important roles for the melanocortic system in the modulation of immune responses.
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Mandrika I, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE. Effects of melanocortin peptides on lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding and nitric oxide production in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells: evidence for dual mechanisms of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2001; 61:613-21. [PMID: 11239505 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) mediates broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, which include inhibition of the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) from macrophages. We investigated the effects of alpha-MSH, alpha-MSH(1-10), and alpha-MSH(11-13) on NO production and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. After stimulation of the cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma (LPS/IFN-gamma), all three peptides inhibited NO production with an order of potency alpha-MSH > or = alpha-MSH(11-13) > alpha-MSH(1-10). All three MSH peptides inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation with the maximal effect of alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH(11-13) being seen in the range 1 nM-1 microM, and that of alpha-MSH(1-10) at 1 microM. By use of (125)I-(Nle(4),D-Phe(7))alpha-MSH(NDP-MSH) radioligand binding, MC(1) receptor-binding sites were demonstrated on RAW 264.7 cells. alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH(1-10) competed with the (125)I-NDP-MSH binding at these MC(1) receptor-binding sites, but alpha-MSH(11-13) even in concentrations up to 1 mM did not. Moreover, alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH(1-10) caused powerful stimulation of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the RAW 264.7 cell, whereas alpha-MSH(11-13) was ineffective. Forskolin stimulated cAMP and inhibited NO production to the same extent as alpha-MSH and alpha-MSH(1-10), but did not modify the translocation of NF-kappaB. Whereas the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 did not modify the effect of alpha-MSH on NF-kappaB translocation, H89 caused a partial inhibition of the inhibitory effect of alpha-MSH, alpha-MSH(1-10), alpha-MSH(11-13), and forskolin on NO production. In addition alpha-MSH, alpha-MSH(1-10), alpha-MSH(11-13), and forskolin also inhibited the activity of an NF-kappaB-dependent luciferase reporter and these effects were partially counteracted by H89. We suggest that melanocortin peptides act via dual mechanisms of action: one cAMP-independent and causing inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation and the other dependent on MC(1) receptor/cAMP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 591, BMC, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden
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Prusis P, Muceniece R, Mutule I, Mutulis F, Wikberg JE. Design of new small cyclic melanocortin receptor-binding peptides using molecular modelling: Role of the His residue in the melanocortin peptide core. Eur J Med Chem 2001; 36:137-46. [PMID: 11311745 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)01200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The conserved core of melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH), His-Phe-Arg-Trp, was probed by comparing a cyclic pentapeptide containing His-DPhe-Arg-Trp, with three structurally similar cyclic peptides, that lacked the His residue. All three peptides bound to the MC(1), MC(3), MC(4) and MC(5) receptors with similar affinities. Molecular modelling indicated that the 3D structure of the DPhe-Arg-Trp of all three peptides were closely similar. The data indicate that the His residue of the small rigid cyclic MSH core peptides does not participate in binding with the melanocortin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prusis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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Muceniece R, Mutule I, Mutulis F, Prusis P, Szardenings M, Wikberg JE. Detection of regions in the MC1 receptor of importance for the selectivity of the MC1 receptor super-selective MS04/MS05 peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1544:278-82. [PMID: 11341936 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the ability of our earlier identified MS04-MS05 MSH-peptide analogues to bind to chimeric MC1-MC3 receptors. While the MS04 and MS05 peptides bind with nanomolar and sub-nanomolar affinities to the wild type MC1 receptor, they bind only with micromolar affinities for the wild type MC3 receptor, thus being the hitherto most MC1 receptor selective ligands. Upon exchanging portions involving transmembrane regions TM1, TM2-3, and TM6-7 of the MC1 receptor with corresponding portions of the MC3 receptor both of these peptides showed major losses of affinities. By contrast exchanges involving TM4-5 did not appreciably affect the affinity of either MS04 or MS05. Our data suggest that the binding pocket for the MS04-MS05 MSH-peptides is located between TM1-3 and TM6-7 of the melanocortin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muceniece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Box 591, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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Prusis P, Muceniece R, Andersson P, Post C, Lundstedt T, Wikberg JE. PLS modeling of chimeric MS04/MSH-peptide and MC1/MC3-receptor interactions reveals a novel method for the analysis of ligand-receptor interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1544:350-7. [PMID: 11341944 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the analysis of ligand-receptor interactions. The method utilizes binding data generated from the analysis of chimeric proteins with chimeric peptides. To each chimeric part of the peptide and receptor are assigned descriptors, thus creating a matrix of X descriptors. These descriptors are then correlated with the experimentally determined interaction binding affinities for each chimeric receptor/peptide pair by use of partial least-squares projection to latent structures (PLS). The method was applied to analyze the interactions of chimeric MSH-peptides with wild-type MC1 and MC3 receptors, and MC1/MC3 receptor chimeras (in total 40 peptide-receptor combinations). Two types of PLS models could be created, one that revealed the relationships between receptor and peptide structure and peptide binding pK(i) values (i.e., affinity) (R2 and Q2 being 0.71 and 0.62, respectively), and another that revealed the relationships between peptide and receptor structure and peptide-receptor selectivity (R2 and Q2 being 0.64 and 0.57, respectively). After addition of cross-terms these models improved significantly; the R2 and Q2 being 0.93 and 0.75 for affinity, and 0.92 and 0.72 for selectivity, respectively. The analysis shows that the high affinity of the MSH-peptides is primarily achieved by interactions of the peptides' C-terminal amino acids with TM2 and TM3 of the receptor, and, to a lesser extent, by the interaction of the N-terminus with TM1, TM2 and TM3 of the receptor. However, in contrast, the MC1 receptor selectivity is primarily determined by an interaction of the peptides' N-termini with TM2/3 of the receptor. Moreover, the cross-terms of the PLS model revealed the existence of a strong interaction between TM6/7 and TM2/3 of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prusis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Upssala University, Sweden
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Abstract
Knowledge of melanocortins and their receptors has increased tremendously over the last few years. The cloning of five melanocortin receptors, and the discovery of two endogenous antagonists for these receptors, agouti and agouti-related peptide, have sparked intense interest in the field. Here we give a comprehensive review of the pharmacology, physiology and molecular biology of the melanocortins and their receptors. In particular, we review the roles of the melanocortins in the immune system, behaviour, feeding, the cardiovascular system and melanoma. Moreover, evidence is discussed suggesting that while many of the actions of the melanocortins are mediated via melanocortin receptors, some appear to be mediated via mechanisms distinct from melanocortin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wikberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Box 591 BMC, SE751 24, Sweden.
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Abstract
A peptide with very high specificity for the human melanocortin MC(1) receptor identified by phage display was used as a lead for the design of new peptides. Two new peptides, MS05 and MS09, were synthesized and found to bind with sub-nanomolar affinities to the MC(1) receptor. Both these peptides showed strong agonistic activity at the MC(1) receptor. The MS05 was the most MC(1) receptor selective as it showed virtually no binding affinity for the MC(4) and MC(5) receptors and only micromolar affinity for the MC(3) receptor. The selectivity and potency of the new peptides make them potent tools for studies of MC(1) receptors, as well as novel potential candidate drugs for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szardenings
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
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Klusa V, Svirskis S, Opmane B, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE. Behavioural responses of gamma-MSH peptides administered into the rat ventral tegmental area. Acta Physiol Scand 1999; 167:99-104. [PMID: 10571544 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The behavioural effects induced by alpha-, gamma1- and gamma2-MSH peptides (0.3 and 3 nmole per rat) injected into the left ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats were compared. alpha- and gamma1-MSH caused grooming of comparable magnitude, and also additional vertical activity (rearing). By contrast gamma2-MSH caused a moderate but stable catalepsy, and practically no grooming. Moreover, intra-VTA pre-treatment with gamma2-MSH, 15 min prior to intra-VTA gamma1-MSH, markedly attenuated both the gamma1-induced grooming and vertical activities. The differences in the behavioural response of the MSH peptides indicate that they act differentially on MC receptors in the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Klusa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
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