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Chen S, Sun Q, Sun D, Willette-Brown J, Anderson MJ, Gu Q, Lewandoski M, Hu Y, Zhu F, Wei F, Zhang J. C-CBL is required for inhibition of angiogenesis through modulating JAK2/STAT3 activity in ROP development. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110856. [PMID: 33125970 PMCID: PMC8336301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has increased continuously in recent years. However, the therapeutic effects of current treatments still remain undesired. This study aims to investigate the role of C-CBL in retinal angiogenesis in ROP and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods: Mouse retina microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs) and induced experimental ROP/ oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice were employed to investigate the role of C-CBL in angiogenesis with combined molecular and cellular approaches, and histopathology methods. OIR mouse pups at postnatal day 12 (P12) were either injected intravitreally with adenovirus overexpressing c-Cbl or c-Cbl siRNA. Retinal neovascularization and avascular status were evaluated by retinal immunofluorescence (IF) staining, whole-mounts and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: C-CBL inhibits neovascularization by negatively regulating JAK2/STAT3/VEGF signaling axis in a ubiquitination-dependent manner. Knockdown of c-Cbl by siRNA reduced ubiquitin-mediated JAK2 degradation and increased levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, VEGF, and neovascularization in mRMECs, which can be reversed by JAK2 inhibitor treatment. While knockdown of c-Cbl significantly increased neovascular (NV) zone in the retinas, c-Cbl overexpression inhibited neovascularization in the retinal tissues in OIR mice. Conclusion: We found that C-CBL is required for anti-neovascularization process in ROP development by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3-dependent angiogenesis. Thus, our finding strongly suggest that C-CBL may be a potential novel therapeutic target for treating ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Qiao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China
| | - Jami Willette-Brown
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Mark Lewandoski
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yinling Hu
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Feng Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, 20080, China.
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Richards S, Walker J, Nakanishi M, Belghasem M, Lyle C, Arinze N, Napoleon MA, Ravid JD, Crossland N, Zhao Q, Rosenberg D, Rahimi N, Chitalia VC. Haploinsufficiency of Casitas B-Lineage Lymphoma Augments the Progression of Colon Cancer in the Background of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Inactivation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:602-613. [PMID: 32113662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a recently identified ubiquitin ligase of nuclear β-catenin and a suppressor of colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in cell culture and mouse tumor xenografts. We hypothesized that reduction in c-Cbl in colonic epithelium is likely to increase the levels of nuclear β-catenin in the intestinal crypt, augmenting CRC tumorigenesis in an adenomatous polyposis coli (APCΔ14/+) mouse model. Haploinsufficient c-Cbl mice (APCΔ14/+ c-Cbl+/-) displayed a significant (threefold) increase in atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinomas in the small and large intestines; however, no differences were noted in the adenoma frequency. In contrast to the APCΔ14/+ c-Cbl+/+ mice, APCΔ14/+ c-Cbl+/- crypts showed nuclear β-catenin throughout the length of the crypts and up-regulation of Axin2, a canonical Wnt target gene, and SRY-box transcription factor 9, a marker of intestinal stem cells. In contrast, haploinsufficiency of c-Cbl+/- alone was insufficient to induce tumorigenesis regardless of an increase in the number of intestinal epithelial cells with nuclear β-catenin and SRY-box transcription factor 9 in APC+/+ c-Cbl+/- mice. This study demonstrates that haploinsufficiency of c-Cbl results in Wnt hyperactivation in intestinal crypts and accelerates CRC progression to adenocarcinoma in the milieu of APCΔ14/+, a phenomenon not found with wild-type APC. While emphasizing the role of APC as a gatekeeper in CRC, this study also demonstrates that combined partial loss of c-Cbl and inactivation of APC significantly contribute to CRC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Richards
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshua Walker
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Masako Nakanishi
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Mostafa Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chimera Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nkiruka Arinze
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc A Napoleon
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nicholas Crossland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Global Co-Creation Labs, Institute of Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Lyle CL, Belghasem M, Chitalia VC. c-Cbl: An Important Regulator and a Target in Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050498. [PMID: 31126146 PMCID: PMC6563115 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Casitas B lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) is a multifunctional protein with a ubiquitin E3 ligase activity capable of degrading diverse sets of proteins. Although previous work had focused mainly on c-Cbl mutations in humans with hematological malignancies, recent emerging evidence suggests a critical role of c-Cbl in angiogenesis and human solid organ tumors. The combination of its unique structure, modular function, and ability to channelize cues from a rich network of signaling cascades, empowers c-Cbl to assume a central role in these disease models. This review consolidates the structural and functional insights based on recent studies that highlight c-Cbl as a target with tantalizing therapeutic potential in various models of angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimera L Lyle
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Mostafa Belghasem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) are uniquely required to balance the formation of new blood vessels with the maintenance and remodelling of existing ones, during development and in adult tissues. Recent advances have greatly expanded our understanding of the tight and multi-level regulation of VEGFR2 signalling, which is the primary focus of this Review. Important insights have been gained into the regulatory roles of VEGFR-interacting proteins (such as neuropilins, proteoglycans, integrins and protein tyrosine phosphatases); the dynamics of VEGFR2 endocytosis, trafficking and signalling; and the crosstalk between VEGF-induced signalling and other endothelial signalling cascades. A clear understanding of this multifaceted signalling web is key to successful therapeutic suppression or stimulation of vascular growth.
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Nourinia R, Rezaei Kanavi M, Kaharkaboudi A, Taghavi SI, Aldavood SJ, Darjatmoko SR, Wang S, Gurel Z, Lavine JA, Safi S, Ahmadieh H, Daftarian N, Sheibani N. Ocular Safety of Intravitreal Propranolol and Its Efficacy in Attenuation of Choroidal Neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:8228-35. [PMID: 26720475 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Determine the safe dose of intravitreal propranolol (IVP), and evaluate its inhibitory effect on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS To determine the IVP safe dose, 32 rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Three of these groups received IVP (15 μL) corresponding to 15 μg (group B), 30 μg (group C), and 60 μg (group D). The control group (A) received 15 μL saline. Safety was assessed by ocular examination, electroretinography (ERG), routine histopathologic evaluation, immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and real-time qPCR for GFAP, VEGF, thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). A similar experiment was performed in 24 mice by using a 100-fold lower amount of propranolol (0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 μg in 2 μL) based on vitreous volume. For assessment of the angioinhibitory effects of IVP, CNV was induced in 42 mice via laser burns. Mice were divided into two groups: group 1 received the safe dose of IVP (0.3 μg in 2 μL) and group 2 received saline. Neovascularization area was quantified by intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 immunostaining of choroidal-scleral flat mounts by using ImageJ software. RESULTS According to clinical, ERG, and histopathologic findings, 30 μg IVP was chosen as the safe dose in rabbit eyes, comparable to 0.3 μg IVP in mouse eyes. As compared to the control eyes, the development of CNV was attenuated (4.8-fold) in mice receiving 0.3 μg IVP. CONCLUSIONS Intravitreal propranolol injection up to the final dose of 30 μg in rabbits and 0.3 μg in mice was safe, and was effective in attenuation of CNV in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nourinia
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kaharkaboudi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Iman Taghavi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javid Aldavood
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Zafer Gurel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeremy A Lavine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sare Safi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narsis Daftarian
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States 5McPherson Eye Research Institute, University Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wiscons
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Shivanna S, Harrold I, Shashar M, Meyer R, Kiang C, Francis J, Zhao Q, Feng H, Edelman ER, Rahimi N, Chitalia VC. The c-Cbl ubiquitin ligase regulates nuclear β-catenin and angiogenesis by its tyrosine phosphorylation mediated through the Wnt signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12537-46. [PMID: 25784557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.616623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays important roles in both the tumor-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis through the transcriptionally active nuclear β-catenin. Recently, c-Cbl was identified as a unique E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting the active nuclear β-catenin. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which c-Cbl regulates ubiquitination and degradation of active β-catenin. Here, we demonstrate that Wnt activation promotes the phosphorylation of c-Cbl at tyrosine 731(Tyr-731), which increases c-Cbl dimerization and binding to β-catenin. Tyr-731 phosphorylation and dimerization mediate c-Cbl nuclear translocation and lead to the degradation of nuclearly active β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase. c-Cbl activation also inhibits expression of the pro-angiogenic Wnt targets, IL-8 and VEGF. Phospho-Tyr-731-inactive mutant c-Cbl (Y731F) enhances and phosphomimetic mutant c-Cbl (Y731E) suppresses angiogenesis in zebrafish. Taken together, we have identified a novel mechanism for the regulation of active nuclear β-catenin by c-Cbl and its critical role in angiogenesis. This mechanism can be further explored to modulate both the pathological angiogenesis and the tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itrat Harrold
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, and
| | | | - Rosanna Meyer
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Chrystelle Kiang
- the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | - Qing Zhao
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Hui Feng
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, and
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- the Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Nader Rahimi
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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Haiying S, Yanping Z, Xiao C, Yuan X. [Changes in expression of phospholipase C-gamma1(tyr783) in young rat condylar cartilage during functional mandibular protraction]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2014; 32:455-458. [PMID: 25490821 PMCID: PMC7041024 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in the expression of phospholipase C-gamma1tyr783 (PLC-γ1tyr783) in the condylar cartilage of a young rat during functional mandibular protraction. This work also explores the function of PLC-γ1tyr783 in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage bone remodeling, which could provide experimental evidence for clinical bone ortho- pedic work. METHODS A total of 60 four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. The rats were divided equally and randomly into experimental group and control group. The functional appliances that were fitted to the upper incisors of the animals in the experimental group were worn 24 h a day after the rats were fed for 7 d with homemade pellet feed. The animals in the experimental group, along with their matched controls, were sacrificed after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. The bilateral condylar was fixed, decalcified, dehyded, and then conventional paraffin embedded. Immunohisto- chemistry of PLC-γ1tyr783 was applied to observe its express distribution and variation. RESULTS The expression of PLC-γ1tyr783 decreased gradually in the control group, which showed age-related changes (P > 0.05). On the 14th day, PLC-γ1tyr783 expres- sion in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. PLC-γ1tyr783 expression began to appear statistically and significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION PLC-γ1tyr783 is involved in the bone remodeling process of the rat condylar cartilage after functional mandibular-protraction.
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Xiao J, Chen X, Xu L, Zhang Y, Yin Q, Wang F. PDGF regulates chondrocyte proliferation through activation of the GIT1- and PLCγ1-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2409-14. [PMID: 25175053 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the effects of cytokines on chondrocytes have significant application potential, since the culture of cartilage cells in vitro is a vital step for cartilage tissue engineering. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), one of the growth factors occurring at the early stage of the healing process of damaged tissue, is critical in bone healing. The present study investigated the effects of the activation of PDGF on cell proliferation, apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms of chondrocytes in vitro. The results indicated that the stimulation of PDGF led to overexpression of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein-1 (GIT1) and promotion of the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1). Furthermore, PDGF induced chondrocyte proliferation and inhibited apoptosis via activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. Following knocking down GIT1 expression by small interfering RNA, phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway was no longer promoted by PDGF. In addition, the effects of PDGF on proliferation and apoptosis were suppressed. The expression levels of GIT1 were not affected; however, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was suppressed through inhibition of the phosphorylation of PLCγ1 by U73122. The results demonstrated that GIT1 is upstream of PLCγ1. Although the ability of PDGF to induce cell proliferation was inhibited by the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway by PD98059, apoptosis was not suppressed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that PDGF was able to activate the GIT1‑PLCγ1‑mediated ERK1/2 pathway to control chondrocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xuqiong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Qingshui Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liuhuaqiao Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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Srinivasan S, Meyer RD, Lugo R, Rahimi N. Identification of PDCL3 as a novel chaperone protein involved in the generation of functional VEGF receptor 2. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23171-81. [PMID: 23792958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a hallmark step in tumor metastasis and ocular neovascularization, is driven primarily by the function of VEGF ligand on one of its receptors, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Central to the proliferation and ensuing angiogenesis of endothelial cells, the abundance of VEGFR-2 on the surface of endothelial cells is essential for VEGF to recognize and activate VEGFR-2. We have identified phosducin-like 3 (PDCL3, also known as PhLP2A), through a yeast two-hybrid system, as a novel protein involved in the stabilization of VEGFR-2 by serving as a chaperone. PDCL3 binds to the juxtamembrane domain of VEGFR-2 and controls the abundance of VEGFR-2 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. PDCL3 increases VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and is required for VEGFR-2-dependent endothelial capillary tube formation and proliferation. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence for the role of PDCL3 in angiogenesis and establishes the molecular mechanism by which it regulates VEGFR-2 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimathi Srinivasan
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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10
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Chitalia V, Shivanna S, Martorell J, Meyer R, Edelman E, Rahimi N. c-Cbl, a ubiquitin E3 ligase that targets active β-catenin: a novel layer of Wnt signaling regulation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23505-17. [PMID: 23744067 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.473801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of transcriptionally active nuclear β-catenin during the Wnt-on phase is crucial to ensure controlled induction of Wnt target genes. Several ubiquitin E3 ligases are known to regulate cytosolic β-catenin during the Wnt-off phase, but little is known about the fate of active nuclear β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase. We now describe ubiquitination of active β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase by a RING finger ubiquitin E3 ligase, Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) in endothelial cells. c-Cbl binds preferentially to nuclearly active β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase via the armadillo repeat region. Wild-type c-Cbl suppresses and E3 ligase-deficient c-Cbl-70Z increases Wnt signaling. Wnt induces nuclear translocation of c-Cbl where it ubiquitinates nuclear β-catenin. Deletion of the c-Cbl UBA domain abrogates its dimerization, binding to β-catenin, Wnt-induced c-Cbl nuclear translocation, and ubiquitination of nuclear β-catenin. c-Cbl activity inhibits pro-angiogenic Wnt targets IL-8 and VEGF levels and angiogenesis in a β-catenin-dependent manner. This study defines for the first time c-Cbl as a ubiquitin E3 ligase that targets nuclearly active β-catenin in the Wnt-on phase and uncovers a novel layer of regulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Lindholm EM, Kristian A, Nalwoga H, Krüger K, Nygård S, Akslen LA, Mælandsmo GM, Engebraaten O. Effect of antiangiogenic therapy on tumor growth, vasculature and kinase activity in basal- and luminal-like breast cancer xenografts. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:418-27. [PMID: 22521242 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of bevacizumab in breast cancer, and even if growth inhibiting effects have been registered when antiangiogenic treatment is given in combination with chemotherapy no gain in overall survival has been observed. One reason for the lack of overall survival benefit might be that appropriate criteria for selection of patients likely to respond to antiangiogenic therapy in combination with chemotherapy, are not available. To determine factors of importance for antiangiogenic treatment response and/or resistance, two representative human basal- and luminal-like breast cancer xenografts were treated with bevacizumab and doxorubicin alone or in combination. In vivo growth inhibition, microvessel density (MVD) and proliferating tumor vessels (pMVD = proliferative microvessel density) were analysed, while kinase activity was determined using the PamChip Tyrosine kinase microarray system. Results showed that both doxorubicin and bevacizumab inhibited basal-like tumor growth significantly, but with a superior effect when given in combination. In contrast, doxorubicin inhibited luminal-like tumor growth most effectively, and with no additional benefit of adding antiangiogenic therapy. In agreement with the growth inhibition data, vascular characterization verified a more pronounced effect of the antiangiogenic treatment in the basal-like compared to the luminal-like tumors, demonstrating total inhibition of pMVD and a significant reduction in MVD at early time points (three days after treatment) and sustained inhibitory effects until the end of the experiment (day 18). In contrast, luminal-like tumors only showed significant effect on the vasculature at day 10 in the tumors having received both doxorubicin and bevacizumab. Kinase activity profiling in both tumor models demonstrated that the most effective treatment in vivo was accompanied with increased phosphorylation of kinase substrates of growth control and angiogenesis, like EGFR, VEGFR2 and PLCγ1. This may be a result of regulatory feedback mechanisms contributing to treatment resistance, and may suggest response markers of value for the prediction of antiangiogenic treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita M Lindholm
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Pb 4953 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
A strict physiological balance between endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors controls endothelial cell functions, such that endothelial cell growth is normally restrained. However, in pathologic angiogenesis, a shift occurs in the balance of regulators, favoring endothelial growth. Much of the control of angiogenic events is instigated through hypoxia-induced VEGF expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in fine-tuning the functions of core proangiogenic proteins, including VEGF, VEGFR-2, angiogenic signaling proteins (e.g., the PLCγ1 and PI3 kinase/AKT pathways), and other non-VEGF angiogenic pathways. The emerging mechanisms by which ubiquitin modification of angiogenic proteins control angiogenesis involve both proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions. Here, I review recent advances that link the UPS to regulation of angiogenesis and highlight the potential therapeutic value of the UPS in angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Room 510, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Pan L, Hu JL, Wang WJ, Zhang XJ, Wei J, Liu ZD, Zhang YH, Xu HM. Molecular mechanisms of (R,R)ZX-5 on NO synthesis and its anti-angiogenic effect. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2717-2726. [PMID: 22489120 PMCID: PMC3317683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(R,R)ZX-5 is a NO regulatory compound, which could significantly increase choroidal blood flow in New Zealand rabbit. The aim of this paper is to investigate the molecular mechanism of (R,R)ZX-5 promoting NO production. Besides this, we also investigated the antiangiogenic activity of (R,R)ZX-5. Analysis of Western blot showed that (R,R)ZX-5 up-regulated the expression of Akt, p-Akt (Thr473), eNOS and p-eNOS (Ser1177), down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1 in human retinal endothelial cells and escalated the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. Additionally, (R,R)ZX-5 inhibited the growth of blood vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. It is concluded that (R,R)ZX-5 promotes choroidal blood flow through PI3K/Akt-eNOS and Akt-Ca2+-eNOS pathways. Additionally, (R,R)ZX-5 can inhibit angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Jia-Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Jin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Zhen-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
| | - Yi-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of China Pharmaceutical, Nanjing 210009, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.-M.X.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-025-83271007 (H.-M.X.); +86-025-86635503 (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Han-Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; E-Mails: (L.P.); (J.-L.H.); (W.-J.W.); (X.-J.Z.); (J.W.); (Z.-D.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (H.-M.X.); (Y.-H.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-025-83271007 (H.-M.X.); +86-025-86635503 (Y.-H.Z.)
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Ren K, Ma Y, Huang Y, Liang W, Liu F, Wang Q, Cui W, Liu Z, Yin G, Fan W. Periodic mechanical stress activates MEK1/2-ERK1/2 mitogenic signals in rat chondrocytes through Src and PLCγ1. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:1231-42. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimin Ma
- Nanjing Medical University, China
| | | | | | - Feng Liu
- Nanjing Medical University, China
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PEST motif serine and tyrosine phosphorylation controls vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 stability and downregulation. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:2010-25. [PMID: 21402774 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01006-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The internalization and degradation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), a potent angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, is a central mechanism for the regulation of the coordinated action of VEGF in angiogenesis. Here, we show that VEGFR-2 is ubiquitinated in response to VEGF, and Lys 48-linked polyubiquitination controls its degradation via the 26S proteosome. The degradation and ubiquitination of VEGFR-2 is controlled by its PEST domain, and the phosphorylation of Ser1188/Ser1191 is required for the ubiquitination of VEGFR-2. F-box-containing β-Trcp1 ubiquitin E3 ligase is recruited to S1188/S1191 VEGFR-2 and mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of VEGFR-2. The PEST domain also controls the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through phospho-Y1173. The activation of p38 stabilizes VEGFR-2, and its inactivation accelerates VEGFR-2 downregulation. The VEGFR-2-mediated activation of p38 is established through the protein kinase A (PKA)/MKK6 pathway. PKA is recruited to VEGFR-2 through AKAP1/AKAP149, and its phosphorylation requires Y1173 of VEGFR-2. The study has identified a unique mechanism in which VEGFR-2 stability and degradation is modulated. The PEST domain acts as a dual modulator of VEGFR-2; the phosphorylation of S1188/S1191 controls ubiquitination and degradation via β-Trcp1, where the phosphorylation of Y1173 through PKA/p38 MAPK controls the stability of VEGFR-2.
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Meyer RD, Husain D, Rahimi N. c-Cbl inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by suppressing activation of PLCγ1. Oncogene 2011; 30:2198-206. [PMID: 21242968 PMCID: PMC3969724 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is regulated by highly coordinated function of various proteins with pro- and anti-angiogenic functions. Among the many cytoplasmic signaling proteins that are activated by VEGFR-2, activation of PLCγ1 is considered to have a pivotal role in angiogenic signaling. In previous study we have identified c-Cbl as a negative regulator of PLCγ1 in endothelial cells, the biochemical and biological significance of c-Cbl, however, in angiogenesis in vivo and molecular mechanisms involved were remained elusive. In this study, we report that genetic inactivation of c-Cbl in mice results in enhanced tumor angiogenesis and retinal neovascularization. Endothelial cells derived from c-Cbl null mice displayed elevated cell proliferation and tube formation in response to VEGF stimulation. Loss of c-Cbl also resulted in robust activation of PLCγ1 and increased intracellular calcium release. c-Cbl-dependent ubiquitination selectively inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and mostly refrained from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Hence, we propose c-Cbl as an angiogenic suppressor protein where upon activation it uniquely modulates PLCγ1 activation by ubiquitination and subsequently inhibits VEGF-driven angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Meyer
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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