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Lee Y, Song J, Jeong Y, Choi E, Ahn C, Jang W. Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data for depicting the transcriptomic landscape of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107685. [PMID: 37976829 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation of the lungs that is a leading cause of death worldwide. Since the complete pathological mechanisms at the single-cell level are not fully understood yet, an integrative approach to characterizing the single-cell-resolution landscape of COPD is required. To identify the cell types and mechanisms associated with the development of COPD, we conducted a meta-analysis using three single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets of COPD. Among the 154,011 cells from 16 COPD patients and 18 healthy subjects, 17 distinct cell types were observed. Of the 17 cell types, monocytes, mast cells, and alveolar type 2 cells (AT2 cells) were found to be etiologically implicated in COPD based on genetic and transcriptomic features. The most transcriptomically diversified states of the three etiological cell types showed significant enrichment in immune/inflammatory responses (monocytes and mast cells) and/or mitochondrial dysfunction (monocytes and AT2 cells). We then identified three chemical candidates that may potentially induce COPD by modulating gene expression patterns in the three etiological cell types. Overall, our study suggests the single-cell level mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD and may provide information on toxic compounds that could be potential risk factors for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeseung Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonbin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulwoo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonhee Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Paraoxonase 1 and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121891. [PMID: 34942993 PMCID: PMC8750165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a driving factor in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme and a potential biomarker of this disease, data regarding the status of PON-1 in COPD are inconclusive. In this regard, to shed light on this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of data on PON1 activity in COPD. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL) were searched for available studies on PON1 activity in patients with stable COPD published before October 2021. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models. Twelve studies (12 studies on paraoxonase and three on arylesterase) were identified. Patients with COPD had lower levels of paraoxonase activity (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.35 to -0.18) and arylesterase activity (SMD -1.15, 95% CI -1.95 to -0.36) in comparison to healthy controls. In subgroup analyses, paraoxonase activity was lower in patients of studies as consisted of mainly non-severe COPD (SMD -1.42, 95% CI -2.04 to -0.79) and, by contrast, slightly higher in patients of studies including severe COPD (SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.64) in comparison to healthy controls. Arylesterase activity showed a similar trend. Overall, PON1 activity was lower in patients with COPD, suggesting that PON1-related antioxidant defense is impaired in COPD. Future studies are warranted.
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Hsueh YJ, Meir YJJ, Lai JY, Huang CC, Lu TT, Ma DHK, Cheng CM, Wu WC, Chen HC. Ascorbic acid ameliorates corneal endothelial dysfunction and enhances cell proliferation via the noncanonical GLUT1-ERK axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112306. [PMID: 34656060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pumping function of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of corneal water homeostasis. Corneal endothelial dysfunction (CED) leads to corneal edema and opacity, but with the exception of keratoplasty, no optimal therapeutic strategies have been established for CED. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on CED and the underlying mechanism of action in the corneal endothelium. METHODS Rabbit corneal endothelial damage was induced by anterior chamber injection of benzalkonium chloride (BAK). AA was topically administered to the corneal surface, and the transparency and thickness of the cornea were assessed by external eye photography, slit-lamp photography, and ultrasonic pachymetry. To further analyze the mechanism, rabbit CECs and immortalized human CECs (B4G12 cells) were cultured. A ferric reducing/antioxidant and AA (FRASC) assay was performed to measure the AA concentration. Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling assays, and protein expression was examined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and immunoblotting. The involvement of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and phospho-ERK was evaluated via GLUT1-siRNA and phospho-ERK inhibitor (PD98059) treatment. INTERPRETATION We observed that topical AA ameliorates BAK-induced rabbit corneal endothelial damage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AA is transported into B4G12 cells via GLUT1, and afterward, AA increases ERK phosphorylation and promotes cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that CEC proliferation stimulated via the noncanonical AA-GLUT1-ERK axis contributes to AA-enhanced healing of CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Hsueh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Yang Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - David Hui-Kang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Corneal Endothelial Morphology and Thickness Alterations in Patients With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome. Cornea 2021; 40:73-77. [PMID: 32541190 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate central endothelial cell density (ECD), morphology, and central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients newly diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to determine the correlation between these parameters and OSAHS severity. METHODS This prospective, comparative case series was conducted in a university ophthalmology clinic. In total, 51 patients recently diagnosed with severe OSAHS (apnea-hypopnea index above 30) and a paired, age and sex-matched control group of 44 healthy individuals were enrolled. After detailed ophthalmologic examination, specular microscopy measurement was performed for all participants. Central ECD, average cell area, coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area, hexagonal cell appearance ratio (% Hex), and CCT were compared between the groups. The Pearson correlation test was also used to assess the influence of the polysomnographic findings, that is, the proportion of each stage of sleep, apnea-hypopnea index, SpO2, mean and maximum duration of apneas, oxygen desaturation index, and arousal index on corneal endothelial morphometric parameters and CCT. RESULTS A total of 190 eyes were examined: 102 eyes of patients with severe OSAHS and 88 eyes of the control group. The mean ECD, CV, % Hex, and CCT values in the OSAHS group were 2439.25 ± 344.36 cells/mm, 41.41 ± 11.62, 45.22 ± 7.06%, and 533.88 ± 40.53 μm, respectively. ECD and CCT did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.46, P = 0.55, respectively). CV value was significantly higher (P = 0.009), whereas the %Hex was significantly lower (P = 0.01) in the OSAHS group. We observed a significant negative correlation between CCT and REM sleep percentage (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Greater pleomorphism and polymegathism of corneal endothelium was found in patients with severe OSAHS when compared with healthy subjects. Low percentage of REM sleep, usually found in patients with OSAHS, may cause an increase in corneal thickness.
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Songur MS, İntepe YS, Bayhan SA, Bayhan HA, Çiftçi B. Evaluation of the corneal endothelium by specular microscopy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2021; 15:1056-1062. [PMID: 34101348 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the corneal endothelium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using a specular microscope. METHODS The right eyes of 64 patients with a COPD diagnosis and 65 healthy individuals were evaluated. Cell density (CD) (cell/mm2 ), corneal thickness (CT) (μ), hexagonal cell ratio (%), and coefficient of variation (cell area standard deviation/mean cell area, μm2 ) were analyzed by specular microscopy (SM). RESULTS The CT was significantly reduced in the COPD group compared with the control group (P = 0.021). Moreover, a significant difference was found between the COPD group and the control group in terms of corneal endothelial CD (P = 0.011), hexagonal cell ratio (P = 0.008), and coefficient of variation (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION The corneal endothelial structure was significantly deteriorated in patients with COPD compared with the control group. SM is a valuable method that could be used in treatment and follow-up of corneal endothelium in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Serkan Songur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Selim İntepe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Seray Aslan Bayhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ali Bayhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Bülent Çiftçi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Coskun A. Corneal and lens clarity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:172-177. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Petrič B, Kunej T, Bavec A. A Multi-Omics Analysis of PON1 Lactonase Activity in Relation to Human Health and Disease. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:38-51. [PMID: 33306925 PMCID: PMC8045895 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme has antioxidative properties and is present in mammalian blood and several other body fluids. In blood, PON1 is usually integrated into the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. PON1 is a highly versatile enzyme displaying diverse functions such as arylesterase, lactonase, and paraoxonase, among others. PON1 activities are usually investigated with artificial substrates, for example, dihydrocoumarin and thiobutyl butyrolactone for lactonase activity. The PON1 enzyme activities measured with different substrates tend to be falsely assumed as being equivalent in the literature, although there are poor or weak correlations among the PON1 enzyme activities with different substrates. In addition, and despite our knowledge of the factors influencing PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, there is little knowledge of PON1 lactonase activity variations and attendant mechanisms. This is important considering further that the lactonase activity is the native activity of PON1. We report here a multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity. The influence of genetic variations, particularly of single nucleotide polymorphisms and epigenetic, proteomic, and lipidomic variations on PON1 lactonase activity are reviewed. In addition, the influence of various environmental, clinical, and demographic variables on PON1 lactonase activity is discussed. Finally, we examine the associations between PON1 lactonase activity and health states and common complex diseases such as atherosclerosis, dementias, obesity, and diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-omics analysis of PON1 lactonase activity with an eye to future applications in basic life sciences and translational medicine and the nuances of critically interpreting PON1 function with lactones as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Petrič
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Aljoša Bavec
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lack of association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and specular microscopic features of the corneal endothelium. Sleep Breath 2020; 25:843-848. [PMID: 33095416 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoxemia and hypercapnia during sleep. The aim of this study was to determine whether OSAS causes significant changes in corneal endothelium detectable by specular microscopy. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study compared the specular microscopic features of the corneal endothelium of patients with OSAS and age-and gender-matched controls. Patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography in the sleep unit were classified using apnea-hypopnea indexes into two groups as mild-moderate OSAS group and severe OSAS group. All participants were divided into three age groups: 30-45, 46-60, and > 60 years. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), percentage of hexagonal cells (Hex), and coefficient of variation of cell area (CV) were obtained using a non-contact specular microscope. The measurements of each group were compared statistically. RESULTS A total of 66 patients (51.1 ± 9.4 years) and 88 controls (49.2 ± 10.5 years) were examined. The mild-moderate OSAS group and the severe OSAS group had no significant differences in measures of specular microscopy compared with the controls (ECD, p = 0.84; Hex, p = 0.18; CV, p = 0.41). The mean values of ECD, Hex, and CV were 2552.56 ± 302.49 cells/mm2, 54.13 ± 8.13%, and 36.41 ± 5.92, respectively, in the mild-moderate OSAS group; 2510.52 ± 377.12 cells/mm2, 54.85 ± 8.68%, and 34.77 ± 5.02, respectively, in the severe OSAS group; 2543.37 ± 286.94 cells/mm2, 51.89 ± 9.09%, and 36.03 ± 5.32, respectively, in the control group. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in corneal endothelial features between patients and controls. Although OSAS causes systemic hypoxia, its effects do not appear to result in corneal endothelial alterations detectable by specular microscopy.
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GEDİK AH, ÇAKIR E, VEHAPOĞLU TÜRKMEN A, ÖZER ÖF, KAYGUSUZ SB. Total oxidant and antioxidant status and paraoxonase 1 levels of children with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1-7. [PMID: 31655531 PMCID: PMC7080354 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1503-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To evaluate total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) levels in children with noncystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis (BE), and to compare these levels with those of healthy controls. The study parameters were also evaluated according to some demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics, as well as lung functions. Materials and methods Enrolled in the study were 118 children with non-CF BE and 68 healthy controls. Serum TOS, TAC, and PON1 levels were determined. Lung function tests were performed by spirometry. Results Serum TOS was higher in the patients [median 9.54 (IQR 25–75 = 7.05–13.30) μmol H2O2 Eq/L] than in the healthy subjects [6.64 (5.45–9.53) μmol H2O2 Eq/L] (P < 0.001). TAC was higher in patients with non-CF BE [1.07 (1.0–1.07) mmol Trolox Eq/L] than in the healthy controls [0.87 (0.77–0.98) mmol Trolox Eq/L] (P < 0.001). In addition, serum PON1 levels were significantly higher in the patients [106.5 (42.5–154.2) U/L] than in the controls [47.7 (27.5–82.1) U/L] (P < 0.001). The patients with low FEV1 had decreased TAC when compared to those who had normal FEV1 in non-CF BE. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that compared with the control group the children with non-CF BE had elevated oxidative status, antioxidant defenses parameters, and PON1 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hakan GEDİK
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Erkan ÇAKIR
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Ömer Faruk ÖZER
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Sare Betül KAYGUSUZ
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbulTurkey
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Margo JA, Whiting MF, Brown CH, Hoover CK, Munir WM. The Effect of Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Mechanical Ventilation on Corneal Donor Endothelial Cell Density and Transplant Suitability. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 183:65-70. [PMID: 28890079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine how chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and mechanical ventilation time affect corneal donor endothelial cell density (ECD) and transplant suitability. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS Setting: Institutional. STUDY POPULATION Total of 39 679 cornea donor eyes from SightLife Eye Bank between 2012 and 2016. Demographics, death-to-preservation time, ECD, lens status, medical history, time on mechanical ventilation, and suitability for transplantation were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ECD and transplant suitability. RESULTS Mean ECD was 2733 cells/mm2. Mean age was 59 years. COPD affected 34.2% of donors. Mechanical ventilation was required in 35% of donors. Mean ventilation time was 1.3 days. After controlling for covariates, COPD was not found to be associated with poor transplant suitability (P = .22). Ventilation >7 days was associated with poor transplant suitability (P = .04). Donors with COPD and donors who were mechanically ventilated exhibited lower cell counts (P < .001, P < .01, respectively). Longer ventilation led to reduced endothelial cell density: ventilation time >7 days (-46.5 cells/mm2, P < .001) and >30 days (-101.4 cells/mm2, P = .02). Limitations of the study included the retrospective nature, dataset obtained from a single eye bank, and medical history documentation completed by eye bank technicians. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of cornea donors have respiratory disease prior to donation. Ventilation time >7 days affected transplant suitability but the presence of COPD did not. Donors with COPD and donors who were mechanically ventilated had reduced cell counts. Longer ventilation times lead to increased cell loss. The presence of respiratory disease may affect tissue oxygenation and endothelial cell health.
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Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Białas AJ, Zalewska-Janowska A, Górski P, Piotrowski WJ. Underrecognized comorbidities of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015. [PMID: 26203239 PMCID: PMC4507790 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s82420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is associated with different comorbid diseases, and their frequency increases with age. Comorbidities severely impact costs of health care, intensity of symptoms, quality of life and, most importantly, may contribute to life span shortening. Some comorbidities are well acknowledged and established in doctors’ awareness. However, both everyday practice and literature searches provide evidence of other, less recognized diseases, which are frequently associated with COPD. We call them underrecognized comorbidities, and the reason why this is so may be related to their relatively low clinical significance, inefficient literature data, or data ambiguity. In this review, we describe rhinosinusitis, skin abnormalities, eye diseases, different endocrinological disorders, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Possible links to COPD pathogenesis have been discussed, if the data were available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Miłkowska-Dymanowska
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland ; Healthy Aging Research Centre (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Adam J Białas
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland ; Healthy Aging Research Centre (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska-Janowska
- Unit of Psychodermatology, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland ; Healthy Aging Research Centre (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Wojciech J Piotrowski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, 1st Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland ; Healthy Aging Research Centre (HARC), Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Changes in the cornea related to sickle cell disease: a pilot investigation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2015; 25:463-7. [PMID: 25837643 DOI: 10.5301/ejo.5000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate corneal structural changes (central corneal thickness, endothelial cell count, and cellular morphology) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). METHODS This prospective study included 56 patients with SCD and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects without any eye disease aside from refractive errors. Endothelial cell density (ECD), percentage of hexagonality, and the coefficient of variation in cell size (CV) were measured using noncontact specular microscopy, and central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by pachymetry. RESULTS The mean CCT value was 509.6 ± 20.7 μm in the study group and 520.8 ± 23.6 μm in the control group. The mean ECD, CV, and percentage of hexagonality values in the study group were 2712 ± 335 cells/mm², 34.5 ± 5.3%, and 57.2 ± 6.6%, respectively, and 3030 ± 247 cells/mm², 31.6 ± 5.0%, and 60.4 ± 6.9% in the control group, respectively. Endothelial cell density (p = 0.001), CCT (p = 0.011), CV (p = 0.005), and percentage of hexagonality values (p = 0.018) were significantly different between the study and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that patients with SCD had considerable morphologic changes in the structure of the cornea when compared to healthy subjects.
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Gugliucci A, Menini T. Paraoxonase 1 and HDL maturation. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:5-13. [PMID: 25261854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics and function of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is becoming an important issue in atherosclerosis. Low PON1 activity has been consistently linked with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events in the setting of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that there is a specific interaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-apoAI-PON1 on HDL surface that seems to be germane to atherogenesis. MPO specifically inhibits PON1 and PON1 mitigates MPO effects. Surprisingly, very little is known about the routes by which PON1 gets integrated into HDL or its fate during HDL remodeling in the intravascular space. We have developed a method that assesses PON1 activity in the individual HDL subclasses with the aid of which we have shown that PON1 is present across the HDL particle range and preferentially in HDL3, confirming data from ultracentrifugation (UC) studies. Upon HDL maturation ex vivo PON1 is activated and it shows a flux to both smaller and larger HDL particles as well as to VLDL and sdLDL. At the same time apoE, AI and AII are shifted across particle sizes. PON1 activation and flux across HDL particles are blocked by CETP and LCAT inhibitors. In a group of particles with such a complex biology as HDL, knowledge of the interaction between apo-lipoproteins, lipids and enzymes is key for an increased understanding of the yet multiple unknown features of its function. Solving the HDL paradox will necessitate the development of techniques to explore HDL function that are practical and well adapted to clinical studies and eventually become useful in patient monitoring. The confluence of proteomic, functional studies, HDL subclasses, PON1 assays and zymogram will yield data to draw a more elaborate and comprehensive picture of the function of HDL. It must be noted that all these studies are static and conducted in the fasting state. The crucial phase will be achieved when human kinetic studies (both in the fasting and post-prandial states) on HDL-PON1, apoA-I and lipid fate in the circulation are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Teresita Menini
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
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Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation underpin most diseases; their mechanisms are inextricably linked. Chronic inflammation is associated with oxidation, anti-inflammatory cascades are linked to decreased oxidation, increased oxidative stress triggers inflammation, and redox balance inhibits the inflammatory cellular response. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation represent the cause or consequence of cellular pathology, they contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases (NCD). The incidence of obesity and other related metabolic disturbances are increasing, as are age-related diseases due to a progressively aging population. Relationships between oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism are, in the broad sense of energy transformation, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in NCD. In this chapter, we summarize the pathologic consequences of an imbalance between circulating and cellular paraoxonases, the system for scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species and circulating chemokines. They act as inducers of migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues as well as in the pathogenesis of disease that perturbs normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as metabolically driven chronic inflammatory states that encompass several response pathways. Dysfunction in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria represents an important feature of chronic disease linked to oxidation and inflammation seen as self-reinforcing in NCD. Therefore, correct management requires a thorough understanding of these relationships and precise interpretation of laboratory test results.
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