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Gürbostan Soysal G, Berhuni M, Özer Özcan Z, Tıskaoğlu NS, Kaçmaz Z. Decreased choroidal vascularity index and subfoveal choroidal thickness in vitamin D insufficiency. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103767. [PMID: 37625765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To present the effects of vitamin D insufficiency on the choroidal vascularity index, central choroid and central macula. METHODS 42 eyes of 42 patients with vitamin D insufficiency and 51 eyes of 51 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional, and comparative study. The macular layer was examined using the retinal mapping mode of the spectral domain Optical coherence tomography (Optovue RTVue XR, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were taken in Enhanced Deep Imaging mode and transferred to Image J program. choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) measurements were evaluated. RESULTS The mean age of volunteers was 35.4 ± 7.2 years. There was a significant difference in CVI values 67.75±2.4 in the patients with vitamin D insufficiency and 69.22±1.75 in the control group. The SCFT of patients with vitamin D insufficiency and control group were 295.25±42.3 and 335.71±11.6 (p = 0.001, p<0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION OCT examination of patients with vitamin D insufficiency showed a decrease in CVI and SCFT values. These results are important in demonstrating the retinochoroidal effects of vitamin D insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gürbostan Soysal
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Berhuni
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özer Özcan
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Department of Ophthalmology, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kaçmaz
- Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital Department of İnternal Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Cutrupi F, De Luca A, Di Zazzo A, Micera A, Coassin M, Bonini S. Real Life Impact of Dry Eye Disease. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:690-702. [PMID: 37095685 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2204931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Dry Eye Disease (DED) is an increasingly common condition that affects between 5% and 50% of the global population. Even though DED is most frequently diagnosed in older people, it has also been diagnosed in young adults and adolescents more frequently in recent years (employees, gamers). People can experience different types of symptoms and find it challenging to read, watch TV, cook, climb stairs, and meet friends. Mild and severe dry eye can reduce quality of life similarly to mild psoriasis and moderate-to-severe angina. Furthermore, DED patients experience serious difficulties driving vehicles, especially at night, and show a decrease in work productivity, which, when combined with the relevant indirect cost that this condition produces, poses a serious challenge in our days. In addition, DED patients are more likely to develop depression and suicidal ideations and experience frequent sleep disorders. Finally, it is discussed how lifestyle changes, such as increased physical activity, blinking exercises, and a proper diet, have positive implications for the management of this condition. Our aim is to draw attention to the negative effects of dry eye in real life, which are unique to each patient, especially as they relate to the non-visual symptoms experienced by DED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cutrupi
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea De Luca
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Micera
- Research Laboratories in Ophthalmology, IRCCS Bietti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Coassin
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Ophthalmology Complex Operative Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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3
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Pikuleva IA. Challenges and Opportunities in P450 Research on the Eye. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1295-1307. [PMID: 36914277 PMCID: PMC10506698 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Of the 57 cytochrome P450 enzymes found in humans, at least 30 have ocular tissues as an expression site. Yet knowledge of the roles of these P450s in the eye is limited, in part because only very few P450 laboratories expanded their research interests to studies of the eye. Hence the goal of this review is to bring attention of the P450 community to the eye and encourage more ocular studies. This review is also intended to be educational for eye researchers and encourage their collaborations with P450 experts. The review starts with a description of the eye, a fascinating sensory organ, and is followed by sections on ocular P450 localizations, specifics of drug delivery to the eye, and individual P450s, which are grouped and presented based on their substrate preferences. In sections describing individual P450s, available eye-relevant information is summarized and concluded by the suggestions on the opportunities in ocular studies of the discussed enzymes. Potential challenges are addressed as well. The conclusion section outlines several practical suggestions on how to initiate eye-related research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review focuses on the cytochrome P450 enzymes in the eye to encourage their ocular investigations and collaborations between P450 and eye researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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4
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Simó R, Hernández C. What else can we do to prevent diabetic retinopathy? Diabetologia 2023; 66:1614-1621. [PMID: 37277664 PMCID: PMC10390367 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The classical modifiable factors associated with the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy are the suboptimal control of blood glucose levels and hypertension, as well as dyslipidaemia. However, there are other less recognised modifiable factors that can play a relevant role, such as the presence of obesity or the abnormal distribution of adipose tissue, and others related to lifestyle such as the type of diet, vitamin intake, exercise, smoking and sunlight exposure. In this article we revisit the prevention of diabetic retinopathy based on modulating the modifiable risk factors, as well as commenting on the potential impact of glucose-lowering drugs on the condition. The emerging concept that neurodegeneration is an early event in the development of diabetic retinopathy points to neuroprotection as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the advanced stages of the disease. In this regard, the better phenotyping of very early stages of diabetic retinopathy and the opportunity of arresting its progression using treatments targeting the neurovascular unit (NVU) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Simó
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ID CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM, ID CB15/00071), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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5
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Lendzioszek M, Mrugacz M, Bryl A, Poppe E, Zorena K. Prevention and Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: The Role of Diet-A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3237. [PMID: 37513655 PMCID: PMC10383741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal disorder. In comparison to diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration, RVO is usually an unexpected event that carries a greater psychological impact. There is strong evidence to suggest that cardiovascular diseases are the most common risk factors in this pathology and it has long been known that a higher consumption of fish, nuts, fruits, and vegetables has a protective effect against these types of conditions. In the last several years, interest in plant-based diets has grown in both the general population and in the scientific community, to the point to which it has become one of the main dietary patterns adopted in Western countries. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential impact of macro- and micronutrients on retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lendzioszek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital in Lomza, 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Poppe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Voivodship Hospital in Lomza, 18-400 Lomza, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zorena
- Department of Immunobiology and Environmental Microbiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Lu X, Chen Z, Lu J, Watsky M. Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1065. [PMID: 37509101 PMCID: PMC10377579 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is both a hormone and a vitamin, and its insufficiency has been linked to immune disorders and diabetes. For this study, wound healing and recruitment of CD45+ cells into the wound area of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were examined following corneal epithelial debridement and treatment with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D). Treatment with topical 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) resulted in significantly increased corneal wound healing rates of normoglycemic, diabetic and diabetic Vit D deficient mice. Furthermore, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D) significantly increased corneal wound healing of diabetic Vit D deficient and Vit D receptor knockout (VDR KO) mice. In addition, CD45+ cell numbers were reduced in diabetic and VDR KO mouse corneas compared to normoglycemic mice, and 24,25 Vit D increased the recruitment of CD45+ cells to diabetic mouse corneas after epithelial debridement. CD45+ cells were found to infiltrate into the corneal basal epithelial layer after corneal epithelial debridement. Our data indicate that topical Vit D promotes corneal wound healing and further supports previous work that the Vit D corneal wound healing effect is not totally VDR-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mitchell Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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7
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Xiong R, Wang W, Shang X, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Kiburg KV, Zhu Z, He M. A medication-wide association study to identify medications associated with incident clinically significant diabetic retinopathy. Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2023; 15:25158414221139002. [PMID: 36861084 PMCID: PMC9969435 DOI: 10.1177/25158414221139002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy, a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide. Although some oral drugs have been suggested to affect the risk of diabetic retinopathy, systematic evaluation about the associations between medications and diabetic retinopathy is still absent. Objective To comprehensively investigate associations of systemic medications with incident clinically significant diabetic retinopathy (CSDR). Design Population-based cohort study. Methods From 2006 to 2009, more than 26 000 participants residing in New South Wales were enrolled in the 45 and Up study. Diabetic participants with self-reported physician diagnosis or records of anti-diabetic medication prescriptions were finally included in the current analysis. CSDR was defined as diabetic retinopathy cases requiring retinal photocoagulation recorded in the Medicare Benefits Schedule database from 2006 to 2016. Prescriptions of systemic medication from 5 years to 30 days prior to CSDR were retrieved from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The study participants were equally split into training and testing datasets. Logistic regression analyses were performed for the association between each of systemic medication and CSDR in the training dataset. After controlling the false discovery rate (FDR), significant associations were further validated in the testing dataset. Results The 10-year incidence of CSDR was 3.9% (n = 404). A total of 26 systemic medications were found to be positively associated with CSDR, among which 15 were validated by the testing dataset. Additional adjustments for pertinent comorbidities suggested that isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) (OR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.00-3.48), calcitriol (OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 2.02-8.24), three insulins and analogues (e.g., intermediate-acting human insulin, OR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.69-10.8), five anti-hypertensive medications (e.g., furosemide, OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.77-3.61), fenofibrate (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.36-2.82) and clopidogrel (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.15-2.58) were independently associated with CSDR. Conclusion This study investigated the association of a full spectrum of systemic medications with incident CSDR. ISMN, calcitriol, clopidogrel, a few subtypes of insulin, anti-hypertensive and cholesterol-lowering medications were found to be associated with incident CSDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial
Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial
Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal
Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of
Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of
Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial
Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
| | - Yifan Chen
- John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University
Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal
Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,China-Australia Joint Research Center for
Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University
Health Science Center, Xi’an, China,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health,
Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine,
Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Katerina V Kiburg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal
Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Jiao S, Reinach PS, Huang C, Yu L, Zhuang H, Ran H, Zhao F, Srinivasalu N, Qu J, Zhou X. Calcipotriol Attenuates Form Deprivation Myopia Through a Signaling Pathway Parallel to TGF-β2-Induced Increases in Collagen Expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:2. [PMID: 36723926 PMCID: PMC9904334 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the role of calcipotriol, a vitamin D3 analogue, in myopia development and altering the expression of scleral α1 chain of type I collagen (Col1α1) in mice. We also aimed to identify if the signaling pathway mediating the above changes is different from the one involved in transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2)-mediated increases of COL1A1 in cultured human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs). Methods C57BL/6J mice were either intraperitoneally injected with calcipotriol and subjected to form deprivation (FD) or exposed to normal refractive development for 4 weeks. Scleral vitamin D receptor (Vdr) expression was knocked down using a Sub-Tenon's capsule injection of an adeno-associated virus-packaged short hairpin RNA (AAV8-shRNA). Refraction and biometric measurements evaluated myopia development. A combination of knockdown and induction strategies determined the relative contributions of the vitamin D3 and the TGF-β2 signaling pathways in modulating COL1A1 expression in HSFs. Results Calcipotriol injections suppressed FD-induced myopia (FDM), but it had no significant effect on normal refractive development. AAV8-shRNA injection reduced Vdr mRNA expression by 42% and shifted the refraction toward myopia (-3.15 ± 0.99D, means ± SEM) in normal eyes. In HSFs, VDR knockdown reduced calcipotriol-induced rises in COL1A1 expression, but it did not alter TGF-β2-induced increases in COL1A1 expression. Additionally, TGF-β2 augmented calcipotriol-induced rises in COL1A1 expression. TGF-β receptor (TGFBRI/II) knockdown blunted TGF-β2-induced increases in COL1A1 expression, whereas calcipotriol-induced increases in VDR and COL1A1 expression levels were unaltered. Conclusions Scleral vitamin D3 inhibits myopia development in mice, potentially by activating a VDR-dependent signaling pathway and increasing scleral COL1A1 expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Jiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengjie Huang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiman Zhuang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongli Ran
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nethrajeith Srinivasalu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021458. [PMID: 36674972 PMCID: PMC9860626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition resulting from reduced tear secretion from the lacrimal glands, increased tear water evaporation or the production of poor-quality tears. Such tear instability can lead to inflammation and damage of the ocular surface, as well as to abnormal nociception. Historically, tear substitutes and corticosteroids have been the bastion of DED therapy, but a substantial number of patients still suffer from residual symptoms even after being treated with traditional treatments. Aiming to find safe and effective alternative therapies, recent efforts have been focused on the role of vitamin D in the cellular physiology of the eye. Possibly because of its positive effect in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses, the systemic supplementation of vitamin D seems, indeed, to be an effective therapeutic strategy, especially, but not only, for patients affected by DED that does not respond to conventional treatments. In this context, this review focuses on the literature reporting on the pathogenesis and treatment of DED, with a special emphasis on the recent investigations reporting on the potential role of the systemic administration of vitamin D as a therapeutic approach in the management of such condition.
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10
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Gupta PC, Pathak M, Thakur B, Fogla R, Agarwal A, Ram J. Association of keratoconus with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and antioxidant trace elements: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2818-2824. [PMID: 35918921 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3216_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and compare the available evidence on the level of vitamin D and antioxidant trace elements between the keratoconus (KC) patients and healthy controls. Seven case-control studies with 830 subjects were found eligible with a systematic search using PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE till November 21, 2021. Data were synthesized with a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method of meta-analysis. The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the patients with KC [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.71; P < 0.001] as compared with the control group. The mean serum vitamin D level decreased more in the progressive patients (SMD: -0.80; P = 0.016) than in the stable patients (SMD: -0.66; P < 0.001) when compared with the control group. The mean serum zinc level was found significantly lower in the patients with KC compared with the control group (SMD: -1.98; P = 0.005). Pooled analysis based on the two studies showed significantly lower mean selenium levels in the KC patients (SMD: -0.34; P = 0.003). Regular evaluation of serum vitamin D, zinc, and selenium levels among the patients with KC at disease onset and future follow-ups could be promising in predicting the progressive disease and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mona Pathak
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rajesh Fogla
- Cornea Clinic, Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Jagat Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Aksoy Aydemir G, Ilhan C, Pehlıvanoglu B, Aydemir E, Kiziltoprak H, Bolu S. Conjunctival Histopathological Changes in Children With Vitamin D Deficiency. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:289-294. [PMID: 35580362 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate tear function-associated clinical findings and conjunctival histopathological changes in children with vitamin D (Vit-D) deficiency. METHODS This study used a prospective case-control design. Group 1 (n=38) comprised pediatric patients with Vit-D deficiency, and group 2 (n=45) was the control group. Tear break-up times (TBUTs), Schirmer-1 test measurements, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) results of the groups were compared. RESULTS The participant demographic characteristics, including the mean age and the male-to-female ratio, were similar (P>0.05). The median TBUT and Schirmer-1 test measurement were 10 s (5-15) and 12 mm (6-19) in group 1 and 11 s (6-16) and 15 mm (8-21) in group 2 (P=0.004 and P=0.013, respectively). The median OSDI scores were 16 (10-20) in group 1 and 17 (10-21) in group 2 (P=0.092). According to the CIC, 25 samples in group 1 and 40 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 0, 11 samples in group 1 and 5 samples in group 2 were categorized as grade 1, and 2 samples in group 1 and no sample in group 2 were categorized as grade 2 (P=0.027). CONCLUSION Significant conjunctival histopathological changes occur in children with Vit-D deficiency, and these changes have effects on some tear function-associated clinical findings including the Schirmer-1 test and TBUT measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Aksoy Aydemir
- Department of Ophthalmology (G.A.A., E.A., H.K.), Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey ; Department of Ophthalmology (C.I.), Tayfur Ata Sokmen Medicine Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay,Turkey; Department of Pathology (B.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey ; and Department of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.B.), Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital,Adıyaman, Turkey
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12
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Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112353. [PMID: 35684153 PMCID: PMC9183042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of eye diseases continues to grow, bringing with it a reduction in the activity levels and quality of life of patients, and partial or complete blindness if left untreated. As such, there is considerable interest in identifying more effective therapeutic options and preventive agents. One such agent is vitamin D, known to have a range of anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and whose deficiency is linked to the pathogenesis of a range of cardiovascular, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current stage of knowledge concerning the link between vitamin D and its receptor and the occurrence of eye disease, as well as the influence of analogues of calcitriol, an active metabolite of vitamin D. Generally, patients affected by various ocular disorders have vitamin D deficiency. In addition, previous findings suggest that vitamin D modulates the course of eye diseases and may serve as a marker, and that its supplementation could mitigate some disorders. However, as these studies have some limitations, we recommend further randomized trials to clarify the link between vitamin D and its activity with eye disease.
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13
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Alexandridou A, Volmer DA. Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4613-4632. [PMID: 35501505 PMCID: PMC9174318 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The determination of vitamin D metabolites as status marker or for diagnostic purposes is almost entirely conducted from blood serum or plasma. Other biological matrices, however, have also interested researchers, for two main reasons: (1) alternative matrices may allow non-invasive sampling, permit easier sample transfer and require less demanding storage conditions; and (2) the levels of vitamin D metabolites in other body compartments may further aid the understanding of vitamin D metabolism and function. Thus, the development of reliable and efficient sample preparation protocols for sample matrices other than serum/plasma, which will remove potential interferences and selectively extract the targeted metabolites, is of great importance. This review summarizes sample preparation methods for measurement of vitamin D metabolites using liquid chromatography-(tandem)mass spectrometry in more than ten different human tissues, including hair, saliva, adipose tissue, brain and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Alexandridou
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CHT, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP. Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084226. [PMID: 35457041 PMCID: PMC9032397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiang-Tian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Christine Huyen-Trang Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
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Kozyraki R, Verroust P, Cases O. Cubilin, the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 119:65-119. [PMID: 35337634 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cubilin (CUBN), the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor is a large endocytic protein involved in various physiological functions: vitamin B12 uptake in the gut; reabsorption of albumin and maturation of vitamin D in the kidney; nutrient delivery during embryonic development. Cubilin is an atypical receptor, peripherally associated to the plasma membrane. The transmembrane proteins amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin are the currently known molecular partners contributing to plasma membrane transport and internalization of Cubilin. The role of Cubilin/Amn complex in the handling of vitamin B12 in health and disease has extensively been studied and so is the role of the Cubilin-Lrp2 tandem in renal pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence strongly supports a role of Cubilin in some developmental defects including impaired closure of the neural tube. Are these defects primarily caused by the dysfunction of a specific Cubilin ligand or are they secondary to impaired vitamin B12 or protein uptake? We will present the established Cubilin functions, discuss the developmental data and provide an overview of the emerging implications of Cubilin in the field of cardiovascular disease and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre Verroust
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Eslampoor A, Najjaran M, Arjmand Askari E, Zarei-Ghanavati S, Ziaei M. Effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on dry eye disease patients with vitamin D deficiency. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 106:257-262. [PMID: 35188874 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dry eye disease (DED) and vitamin D deficiency are both common clinical entities. Vitamin D has been reported to play a significant role in ocular surface homeostasis. BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of oral vitamin D supplementation in dry eye disease patients with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS A randomized, controlled study was completed in 100 patients with dry eye disease and concurrent vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). Participants were randomly allocated to 8 weeks of oral vitamin D supplementation with both groups receiving conventional dry eye treatment with artificial tears. Schirmer's, tear break-up time (TBUT) and osmolarity tests were measured before and after eight weeks of treatment. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 36.8 ± 8.56 years in the treatment group (n: 50) and 34.8 ± 10.13 year in the control group (n: 50). After eight weeks of treatment the mean differences in Schirmer's, TBUT and tear osmolarity were 2.38 ± 1.55 mm, 3.95 ± 1.48 s and -16.9 ± 6.28 mOsm/L, respectively in the treatment group, and 0.7 ± 0.86 mm, 0.92 ± 1.57s and -3.34 ± 2.0 mOsm/L respectively in the control group (p < 0.001 for all parameters). The treatment group demonstrated a more significant improvement than the control group in Schirmer<apos;>s, TBUT and osmolarity values (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant to routine dry eye treatment improves ocular surface hemostasis parameters, results in better tear stability and a more improved tear osmolarity in patients with vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Eslampoor
- Department of Optometry, Paramedical College, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Najjaran
- Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arjmand Askari
- Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Siamak Zarei-Ghanavati
- Eye Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammed Ziaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Aksoy Aydemir G, Yetkin E, Aydemir E, Bolu S, Asik A. Changes in the macular choroidal thickness of children who have type-1 diabetes mellitus, with and without vitamin D deficiency. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:1875-1884. [PMID: 35088355 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular choroidal thickness (CT) of children who have Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), both with and without vitamin D deficiency (VDD). METHODS The prospective, case-control study herein comprised that included 46 children with DM and VDD (Group 1), 42 children with DM and normal vitamin D levels (Group 2), and 73 healthy children (Control group). The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular CT were measured at three different points (subfoveal, 1500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm temporal from the fovea) and compared. RESULTS The subfoveal, 1500 μm nasal, and 1500 μm temporal CT values were determined to be lower in the patients in Group 1 and Group 2 when compared to those in the Control group (P < 0.001). The same parameters were determined to be lower in the patients in Group 1 when compared to those in Group 2, although this difference was not found to be statistically significant (P > 0.05). In all of the quadrants, the RNFL thickness was determined to be similar between the groups, with P > 0.05 for all of the groups, except for the nasal quadrant (P = 0.031). In the correlation analysis of the patients in Group 1, it was revealed that a positive correlation existed between the CT and the vitamin D levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The choroids of pediatric diabetic children were thinner when compared to those of healthy children. The alterations in these parameters were more prominent in subjects who were determined to have lower levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Aksoy Aydemir
- Ophthalmology Department, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Esat Yetkin
- Ophthalmology Department, Midyat State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Emre Aydemir
- Ophthalmology Department, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Semih Bolu
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Abdulvahit Asik
- Department of Pediatrics, Adıyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Aydemir E, Ilhan C, Aksoy Aydemir G, Bayat AH, Bolu S, Asik A. Evaluation of Retinal Structure in Pediatric Subjects With Vitamin D Deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 233:30-37. [PMID: 34283984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively evaluate the retinal structural parameters of pediatric patients who were determined to be deficient in vitamin D. DESIGN Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS Retinal structural parameters, including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macula, retinal layer, and choroidal thicknesses, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), in pediatric subjects with vitamin D deficiency (group 1) and those without (group 2) were compared. RESULTS Group 1 comprised 70 individuals, while group 2 comprised 80 individuals. The mean peripapillary RNFL (except for the nasal superior sector [P = .037]), central macula, and retinal layer thicknesses were also determined to be similar in both groups (P > .05 for both groups). The mean choroidal thickness was lower in the subfoveal (P = .006) and nasal 3000-µm-diameter areas (P = .004) in group 1. The mean CRAE was determined to be lower (P = .031) and the CRVE was higher in group 1 (P = .005); it was determined that there was a significant correlation between the vitamin D level and both the CRAE (r = 0.447, P < .001) and CRVE (r = -0.320, P = .013). CONCLUSION Choroidal thinning, a decrease in the CRAE, and increase in the CRVE were structural changes that occurred in the pediatric subjects who had vitamin D deficiency. The alterations in these parameters became more prominent in pediatric subjects who were determined to have lower vitamin D levels.
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Alexandridou A, Schorr P, Stokes CS, Volmer DA. Analysis of vitamin D metabolic markers by mass spectrometry: Recent progress regarding the "gold standard" method and integration into clinical practice. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34967037 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is firmly established today as the gold standard technique for analysis of vitamin D, both for vitamin D status assessments as well as for measuring complex and intricate vitamin D metabolic fingerprints. While the actual mass spectrometry technology has seen only incremental performance increases in recent years, there have been major, very impactful changes in the front- and back-end of MS-based vitamin D assays; for example, the extension to new types of biological sample matrices analyzed for an increasing number of different vitamin D metabolites, novel sample preparation techniques, new powerful chemical derivatization reagents, as well the continued integration of high resolution mass spectrometers into clinical laboratories, replacing established triple-quadrupole instruments. At the same time, the sustainability of mass spectrometry operation in the vitamin D field is now firmly established through proven analytical harmonization and standardization programs. The present review summarizes the most important of these recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Schorr
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline S Stokes
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Valle MS, Russo C, Malaguarnera L. Protective role of vitamin D against oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3447. [PMID: 33760363 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is much evidence showing that a high level of mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic retina contributes in modifying cellular signalling and leads to retinal cell damage and finally to the development of DR pathogenesis. In the last few decades, it has been reported that vitamin D is involved in DR pathogenesis. Vitamin D, traditionally known as an essential nutrient crucial in bone metabolism, has also been proven to be a very effective antioxidant. It has been demonstrated that it modulates the production of advanced glycosylated end products, as well as several pathways including protein kinase C, the polyol pathway leading to the reduction of free radical formation. It prevents the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, preventing the inflammatory response, acting as an immunomodulator, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D protects the eye from oxidative stress, in order to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation may be useful to mitigate the deleterious effects of free radicals in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Valle
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Nadri G, Saxena S, Kaur A, Ahmad K, Garg P, Mahdi AA, Akduman L, Gazdikova K, Caprnda M, Vesely P, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. Correlation between vitamin D serum levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2021.1903170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Nadri
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Apjit Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Kaleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragati Garg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Levent Akduman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute, St Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Molinari C, Ruga S, Farghali M, Galla R, Fernandez-Godino R, Clemente N, Uberti F. Effects of a New Combination of Natural Extracts on Glaucoma-Related Retinal Degeneration. Foods 2021; 10:1885. [PMID: 34441662 PMCID: PMC8391439 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma is currently the leading cause of irreversible blindness; it is a neuropathy characterized by structural alterations of the optic nerve, leading to visual impairments. The aim of this work is to develop a new oral formulation able to counteract the early changes connected to glaucomatous degeneration. The composition is based on gastrodin and vitamin D3 combined with vitamin C, blackcurrant, and lycopene. METHODS Cells and tissues of the retina were used to study biological mechanisms involved in glaucoma, to slow down the progression of the disease. Experiments mimicking the conditions of glaucoma were carried out to examine the etiology of retinal degeneration. RESULTS Our results show a significant ability to restore glaucoma-induced damage, by counteracting ROS production and promoting cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis. These effects were confirmed by the intracellular mechanism that was activated following administration of the compound, either before or after the glaucoma induction. In particular, the main results were obtained as a preventive action of glaucoma, showing a beneficial action on all selected markers, both on cells and on eyecup preparations. It is therefore possible to hypothesize both the preventive and therapeutic use of this formulation, in the presence of risk factors, and due to its ability to inhibit the apoptotic cycle and to stimulate cell survival mechanisms, respectively. CONCLUSION This formulation has exhibited an active role in the prevention or restoration of glaucoma damage for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Sara Ruga
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Mahitab Farghali
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Rosario Fernandez-Godino
- Ocular Genomics Institute-Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.M.); (S.R.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
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Lavker RM, Kaplan N, McMahon KM, Calvert AE, Henrich SE, Onay UV, Lu KQ, Peng H, Thaxton CS. Synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles: Good things in small packages. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:19-26. [PMID: 33894397 PMCID: PMC8328934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Medicine has been a great beneficiary of the nanotechnology revolution. Nanotechnology involves the synthesis of functional materials with at least one size dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Advances in the field have enabled the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles that can interface with physiological systems to modulate fundamental cellular processes. One example of a diverse acting nanoparticle-based therapeutic is synthetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles (NP), which have great potential for treating diseases of the ocular surface. Our group has developed a spherical HDL NP using a gold nanoparticle core. HDL NPs: (i) closely mimic the physical and chemical features of natural HDLs; (ii) contain apoA-I; (iii) bind with high-affinity to SR-B1, which is the major receptor through which HDL modulates cell cholesterol metabolism and controls the selective uptake of HDL cargo into cells; (iv) are non-toxic to cells and tissues; and (v) can be chemically engineered to display nearly any surface or core composition desired. With respect to the ocular surface, topical application of HDL NPs accelerates re-epithelization of the cornea following wounding, attenuates inflammation resulting from chemical burns and/or other stresses, and effectively delivers microRNAs with biological activity to corneal cells and tissues. HDL NPs will be the foundation of a new class of topical eye drops with great translational potential and exemplify the impact that nanoparticles can have in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaylin M McMahon
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea E Calvert
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Henrich
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ummiye V Onay
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kurt Q Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Shad Thaxton
- Department of Dermatology Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Effects of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Lines. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3333-3340. [PMID: 34021828 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) either alone or under oxidative damage on human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. METHODS The human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines were pretreated with hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations (100-1000 μM) and durations (4, 12 and 24 h) to determine the appropriate dose. A group of cells were treated with vitamin D3 alone, and another group of cells were co-treated with different concentrations of (10-100 nM) vitamin D3 and hydrogen peroxide. Anti-cytotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-genotoxic effects of vitamin D3 on the hydrogen peroxide treated cell line were evaluated. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potentials of treated cell lines were measured. RESULTS Vitamin D3 showed statistically significant anti-cytotoxic effects and increased cell viability in all concentrations (p < 0.001). It has also significantly decreased the intracellular ROS generation at concentrations between 10-60 nM and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species in high doses over 90 nM (p < 0.01). When apoptosis was evaluated, vitamin D3 caused statistically significant decrease in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). In terms of DNA damage which was caused by oxidative stress, it was observed that vitamin D3 significantly reduced the damage in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). At the doses of 10-50 nM, vitamin D3 significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that 1,25 (OH)2 D3 is capable for alleviating the oxidative damage in ARPE cell lines. With these results, vitamin D is thought to be a therapeutic alternative for the prevention of age-related macular degeneration. This warrants further investigations.
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Daldal H, Gokmen Salici A. Ocular Findings Among Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency. Cureus 2021; 13:e15159. [PMID: 34168925 PMCID: PMC8215305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular findings in patients with low vitamin D levels. Methods All patients who attended the Internal Medicine Clinic between March 2018 and February 2020 with vitamin low D levels but had been untreated for the same were included in our study. The exclusion criteria were as follows:history of intraocular surgery, trauma, steroid use, secondary glaucoma, and history of rheumatologic diseases. The patients were classified into three groups: group 1 had severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 10 µg/L; group 2 had vitamin deficiency with levels of 10-20 µg/L; and group 3 had vitamin D insufficiency with levels of 20-30 µg/L. A comparison among groups was performed in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), dry eyes, cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and refractive error. The evaluation of statistical data was performed with the SPSS Statistics software version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results There were a total of 98 patients and 196 eyes, who were classified into three groups. There were 41 patients in group 1, 45 in group 2, and 12 in group 3. Groups were similar in terms of age (p=0.25) and gender (p=0.46). The average age among the cohort was 51 ± 13.08 years; 65 (66.3%) of the patients were female and 33 (33.7%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of IOP (p=0.55), dry eyes (p=0.35), cataract (p=0.22), glaucoma (p=0.50), macular degeneration (p=0.64), and refractive error (p=0.46) among the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in CMT between group 1 and other groups (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in RNFL thickness between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.01). When compared in terms of quadrants, a significant difference was found only with regard to the nasal quadrant. Conclusion Based on our findings, lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be related to thinning in CMT. Regarding RNFL thickness, while there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 2, there was no difference between groups 1 and 3, and hence the association between lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and thinning in RNFL thickness could not be clearly established. Hence, we have assumed that lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might cause thinning in the macula and nasal quadrant of RNFL, and vitamin D deficiency might affect the nasal quadrant of RNFL primarily. Further long-term studies with a larger number of patients might clarify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the thinning in CMT, RNFL quadrants, and RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Daldal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Usak University Faculty of Medicine, Usak, TUR
| | - Ayla Gokmen Salici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Usak University Training and Research Hospital, Usak, TUR
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Sáenz de Viteri M, Bezunartea J, Moreno-Orduña M, Belza I, Barrio-Barrio J, Fernandez-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Synergistic Effect of Vitamin D and Nutritional Complex on Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Lines against Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051423. [PMID: 33922669 PMCID: PMC8170899 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and loss of photoreceptor cells under oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D and antioxidants have beneficial effects against retinal degenerative diseases, such as AMD. We investigated the impact of associating vitamin D (ND) with a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on oxidative stress and inflammation-like induced conditions by H2O2 and LPS, respectively, in human retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) and human retinal endothelial (HREC) cells. Application of either N or ND treatments to H2O2-induced media in ARPE-19 cells counteracted late apoptosis, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, and increased cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the expression levels of MCP1, IL-8, and IL6 cytokines was observed following application of either N or ND treatments under LPS-induced conditions in ARPE-19 cells and in MCP-1 and IL12p70 cytokine levels in HREC cells. ND and not N revealed significant downregulation of IFNγ in ARPE-19 cells, and of IL-6 and IL-18 in HREC cells. In conclusion, adding vitamin D to Nutrof Total® protects in a synergistic way against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced conditions in retinal epithelial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Manuel Sáenz de Viteri
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Moreno-Orduña
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Belza
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús Barrio-Barrio
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Bilak Ş, Yılmaz S, Bilgin B. Comparison of vitamin D levels between patients with pterygium and healthy subjects. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:3057-3064. [PMID: 33881669 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare vitamin D (VD) deficiency frequency among patients with pterygium to that of healthy subjects and to investigate the VD deficiency among patients with pterygium. METHODS One-hundred eight pterygium patients and 94 healthy subjects were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from groups during the same time interval and the samples were saved. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathormone (PTH) levels were measured and analyzed. RESULTS The pterygium group consisted of 57 female and 51 male patients, while the control group consisted of 47 female and 47 male patients. The mean age, sex and mean BMI were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05). The percentage of time that individuals spent outdoors was higher in the pterygium group (p = 0.02). The percentage of VD deficiency was 83.3% in the pterygium group and 61.7% in the control group (p = 0.001). There was a positive correlation between VD and time spent outdoors (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS VD deficiency can play a role in pterygium etiopathogenesis. Wide population-based studies in different regions are needed to evaluate this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şemsettin Bilak
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Burak Bilgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medicalpark Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey.
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Lu X, Chen Z, Watsky MA. Effects of 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Corneal Fibroblast VDR and Vitamin D Metabolizing and Catabolizing Enzymes. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1271-1282. [PMID: 33535006 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1884726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of 1,25-Vit D3 and 24,25-Vit D3 on corneal fibroblast expression of the vitamin D-associated enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 and the roles of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and protein disulfide isomerase, family A, member 3 (Pdia3) in these cells.Methods: CYP24A1, CYP27B1, VDR, and Pdia3 expression in corneas was detected using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was used to measure protein expression in human and mouse fibroblasts, including VDR KO mouse cells, treated with 1,25-Vit D3 (20 nM) and 24,25-Vit D3 (100 nM). The Pdia3 inhibitor LOC14 was used to explore the role of Pdia3 as a Vit D3 receptor in these cells.Results: CYP24A1, CYP27B1, VDR, and Pdia3 were all expressed in mouse and human corneal fibroblasts. 1,25-Vit D3 significantly increased VDR expression in human and mouse fibroblasts. 1,25-Vit D3 and 24,25-VitD3 significantly increased CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 expression level in human, VDR WT mouse, and VDR KO mouse corneal fibroblasts. CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 expression was unchanged in VDR KO mouse fibroblasts treated with 1,25-Vit D3 or 24,25-Vit D3 plus LOC14. Human fibroblast VDR, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1 expression were unaffected by LOC14.Conclusions: Vitamin D metabolic enzymes, VDR, and Pdia3 are all expressed in mouse and human corneal fibroblasts. 1,25-Vit D3 modulates fibroblast vitamin D enzymes through both the VDR and Pdia3 pathways in a species-dependent manner. 24,25-Vit D3 can increase expression of fibroblast CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 in the absence of VDR and is likely involved in fibroblast regulation independent of 1,25-Vit D3 or VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mitchell A Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Örnek N, Oğurel T, Kısa Ü. Tear Fluid and Serum Vitamin D Concentrations in Unilateral Pterygium. Optom Vis Sci 2021; 98:170-174. [PMID: 33534378 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin D has antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, which may play an inhibitory role on pterygium formation. Vitamin D concentration was measured in few studies, and contradictory results have been reported. There is no study investigating tear fluid concentration of vitamin D in pterygium patients. PURPOSE This study evaluated tear fluid and serum vitamin D concentrations of pterygium patients in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-five (21 male, 14 female) patients with unilateral pterygium and 25 (18 male, 7 female) healthy controls were included in this case-control study. After full ophthalmic examination, blood samples were taken, and basal tear fluid was collected using glass microcapillary tubes. Tear fluid and serum vitamin D concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed statistically. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 51.7 ± 16.7 years in the study group and 50.6 ± 18.7 years in the control group, respectively (P = .82). The mean tear fluid vitamin D concentration was statistically significantly higher than the mean serum concentration in the study groups (P < .0001). The mean tear fluid (P = .76) and serum vitamin D concentrations (P = .53) did not reveal statistically significant difference between patients and controls. There was no statistically significant difference for tear fluid vitamin D concentration between pterygium eyes and fellow eyes (P = .93). The difference in concentrations was compared within the pterygium subgroups, and it was found that the mean serum vitamin D concentration trended toward lower values as the stage of pterygium increased, and the mean tear fluid vitamin D concentration trended toward higher values as the stage of pterygium increased, although these differences were not statistically significant (all, P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Tear fluid and serum vitamin D concentrations do not seem to have a role in pterygium pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Örnek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
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Carbone LD, Johnson K, Larson JC, Thomas F, Wactawski-Wende J, Bollinger K, Chen Z, Watsky M. Association of vitamin D with incident glaucoma: findings from the Women's Health Initiative. J Investig Med 2021; 69:jim-2020-001645. [PMID: 33431603 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine if there is an association between vitamin D and incident glaucoma in postmenopausal women. We examined the association between dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing glaucoma. 143,389 postmenopausal women from the WHI including a subset with serum 25(OH) D measurements were examined to determine the association of dietary, supplemental and serum levels of vitamin D to the development of glaucoma. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, use of vitamin D supplements and serum levels of 25(OH) D were predictors examined for the main outcome of incident glaucoma. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical variables and medication use, dietary vitamin D, vitamin D supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements) and serum 25 (OH) D measurements were not significantly associated with incident glaucoma. In the CaD placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial, there was also no association in the active intervention arm with glaucoma. We conclude that dietary vitamin D intake, supplements and serum levels are not significantly related to the risk of developing glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Carbone
- Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Medicine, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Johnson
- Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph C Larson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Ophthalmology, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mitchell Watsky
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Liu K, Han B, Hou J, Zhang J, Su J, Meng H. Expression of vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase in human gingival fibroblasts in vivo. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10279. [PMID: 33505780 PMCID: PMC7789863 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase CYP27B1 is the key factor in the vitamin D pathway. Previously, we analyzed the expression of CYP27B1 in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. In the present study, we analyzed the gingival expression of CYP27B1 in vivo. Methods Forty-two patients with periodontitis Stage IV Grade C and 33 controls were recruited. All patients with periodontitis had unsalvageable teeth and part of the wall of the periodontal pocket was resected and obtained after tooth extraction. All controls needed crown-lengthening surgery, and samples of gingiva resected during surgery were also harvested. All the individuals' gingivae were used for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. In addition, gingivae from seventeen subjects of the diseased group and twelve subjects of the control group were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results Expression of CYP27B1 was detected both in gingival epithelia and in gingival connective tissues, and the expression in connective tissues colocalized with vimentin, indicating that CYP27B1 protein is expressed in gingival fibroblasts. The expression of CYP27B1 mRNA in gingival connective tissues and the CYP27B1 staining scores in gingival fibroblasts in the diseased group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Conclusions Expression of CYP27B1 in human gingival tissues was detected, not only in the fibroblasts of gingival connective tissues, but also in the gingival epithelial cells, and might be positively correlated with periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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A New Modified Experimental Meibomian Gland Injury Model: Partial Loss of Gland Due to Orifice Cauterization and the Alleviating Potential of 22-Oxacalcitriol. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010006. [PMID: 33375143 PMCID: PMC7792963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,-25-dihydroxy-22-oxacalcitriol (maxacalcitol) is a non-calcemic vitamin D3 analog clinically approved to treat psoriasis, and its role has been increasingly recognized in suppressing keratinocyte proliferation, mediating inflammation, and regulating the immune response. A large number of studies have suggested that vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining ocular surface health. However, its topical effects on the Meibomian gland (MG) has been insufficiently investigated. Here, we introduce an experimental MG orifice injury model, where the partial glandular loss occurred after electrical cauterization on a limited number of MG orifices, and investigate the efficacy and safety of maxacalcitol ointment in treating this MG orifice injury model. We confirm the alleviation of MG atrophy and ductal dilation by maxacalcitol ointment application. The recovery of injured MG visualizing as the residual MG area is significantly better in the maxacalcitol group (p = 0.020) compared with the Vaseline® group, especially during the first two weeks. The cornea and other ocular tissues were not affected by maxacalcitol ointment application during our two-month observation period. Altogether, this work indicates that maxacalcitol has therapeutic potential in the amelioration of initial injury of MG orifices caused by electrocautery.
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Muz OE, Orhan C, Erten F, Tuzcu M, Ozercan IH, Singh P, Morde A, Padigaru M, Rai D, Sahin K. A Novel Integrated Active Herbal Formulation Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Enhancing Glycosylated Phosphoproteins in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100295. [PMID: 33036453 PMCID: PMC7599565 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic condition of the eye with insufficient production of tears leading to inadequate lubrication of eyes. Symptoms of DES are associated with discomfort and redness of the eye, blurred vision, and tear film instability which leads to the damaged ocular surface. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study, the protective effect of different doses (100 or 200 mg/kg) of a novel multi-component oral formulation of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin D3 (LCD) was evaluated using a rat model with benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced dry eye syndrome. The formulation was administered orally to rats for 4 weeks. We observed a significant improvement in tear volume, tear breakup time, tear film integrity, and reduction in overall inflammation in rats fed with the LCD at dose 200 mg/kg performing better than 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, the formulation helped in lowering oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant levels and restored protective tear protein levels including MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5AC with 200 mg of LCD having the most significant effect. The results strongly suggest that the combination of lutein/zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin-D3 is effective in alleviating the symptoms of dry eye condition with a multi-modal mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ersin Muz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eskisehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskisehir 26190, Turkey;
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
| | - Fusun Erten
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (F.E.); (M.T.)
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (F.E.); (M.T.)
| | | | - Prafull Singh
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Abhijeet Morde
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Muralidhara Padigaru
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Deshanie Rai
- OmniActive Health Technologies, Phoenix House, T- 8, A Wing 462 Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400 013, India; (P.S.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.)
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-4242373938
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of vitamin D (vit D) deficiency on contrast sensitivity (CS) function and retinal layers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group 1 consisted of 42 patients aged between 18 and 50 years with vit D deficiency and Group 2 consisted of sex- and age-matched 34 healthy subjects with normal vit D levels. Functional acuity contrast testing (FACT) was performed using the Optec 6500 vision testing system. The average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) obtained from nine macular areas in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study were evaluated using SD-OCT (RS-3000; Nidek Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) following a detailed ophthalmologic examination. Measurements were performed on both eyes. RESULTS A lower CS was found in Group 1 compared to Group 2 in all spatial frequencies. A statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in 6, 12 and 18 cpd spatial frequencies, respectively. (p = .004, p = .001, p = .042, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of RNFL thicknesses (p = .200). There was an increase in MT in Group 1. However, this increase was statistically significant in the inferior inner area in the right eye, and in the inferior inner, temporal inner and outer macular areas in the left eye (p = .018, p = .003, p = .033, p = .040, respectively). CONCLUSION It was observed that vit D deficiency had negative effects on CS function and also caused thickness difference in certain segments of retinal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Ozturk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cem Cankaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey
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Conjunctival impression cytology and tear-film changes in cases with vitamin D deficiency. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1687-1694. [PMID: 32207046 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate conjunctival surface cells and tear-film functions in cases with vitamin D deficiency. METHODS Thirty-six patients with serum vitamin D deficiency and 27 control subjects with normal serum vitamin D levels were included in this prospective study. The tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer II test, and conjunctival impression cytology tests were performed to all participants. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D levels were 10.5 ± 5.0 µl in the study group and 33.9 ± 11.7 µl in the control group (p < 0.001). The median TBUT scores were 11 s and 17 s and the median Schirmer II values were 7.5 mm and 12 mm in the study and the control groups, respectively (p = 0.003, p = 0.049). According to the Nelson staging system, 69.4% of the patients in the study group had grade 2 or 3 impression cytology, whereas 18.5% of the participants in the control group had grade 2 or 3 impression cytology (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study results showed that vitamin D deficiency may lead to dry eye causing conjunctival squamous metaplasia and loss of goblet cells on the ocular surface.
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Rullo J, Pennimpede T, Mehraban Far P, Strube YN, Irrcher I, Urton T, Bona M, Gonder T, Campbell RJ, Ten Hove M, Sharma S, Farmer J, Petkovich M. Intraocular calcidiol: Uncovering a role for vitamin D in the eye. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105536. [PMID: 31734492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vitamin D has emerged as a potentially important molecule in ophthalmology. To date, all ophthalmic data pertaining to vitamin D has been restricted primarily to tear and serum analysis in human patients. Considering the isolated nature of the eye, we sought to determine the presence of intraocular vitamin D in ocular disease. METHODS 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations were measured in the eye and blood of 120 participants undergoing ophthalmic procedures. Ocular localization of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-generating (CYP27B1) and deactivating (CYP24A1) hydroxylases was performed by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VEGF-A was measured in eyes from patients with and without disease. RESULTS 25(OH)D3 was quantified in 112 ocular samples. In 40 cataract patient samples, the average 25(OH)D3 concentration was 0.057 ng/mL, compared to 72 retinal disease patient samples, average of 0.502 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Intraocular 25(OH)D3 did not correlate with serum levels of 25(OH)D3. There was no difference between the level of 25(OH)D3 measured in the aqueous and vitreous humour. The vitamin D-specific CYPs 27B1 and 24A1, strongly localized to complementary regions of the ciliary body, retinal pigment epithelium and neural retina. Gene expression analysis confirmed retinal CYP27B1 correlated strongly with VEGF-A in eyes from diabetic patients (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirms that vitamin D is present in the humours of the human eye and that local synthesis/degradation is possible via the ocular CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. This argues for a functional role for local vitamin D production and signaling in the eye and suggests that vitamin D may be an important intraocular mediator in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rullo
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tracie Pennimpede
- Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parsa Mehraban Far
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Ning Strube
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabella Irrcher
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Urton
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Bona
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Gonder
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Campbell
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Ten Hove
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Farmer
- Queen's University, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Queen's University, Department of Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Petkovich
- Queen's University, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Khamar P, Nair AP, Shetty R, Vaidya T, Subramani M, Ponnalagu M, Dhamodaran K, D'souza S, Ghosh A, Pahuja N, Deshmukh R, Ahuja P, Sainani K, Nuijts RMMA, Das D, Ghosh A, Sethu S. Dysregulated Tear Fluid Nociception-Associated Factors, Corneal Dendritic Cell Density, and Vitamin D Levels in Evaporative Dry Eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2532-2542. [PMID: 31195410 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to study the status and association among tear-soluble factors, corneal dendritic cell density, vitamin D, and signs and symptoms in dry eye disease (DED). Methods A total of 33 control subjects and 47 evaporative dry eye patients were included in the study. DED diagnosis and classification was based on the 2017 Report of the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society International Dry Eye Workshop (TFOS DEWS II). DED workup, including tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I (STI), corneal and conjunctival staining, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scoring, and in vivo confocal microscopy (to assess corneal dendritic cell density [cDCD] and subbasal nerve plexus [SBNP] features) was performed in the study subjects. Tear fluid using Schirmer's strip and serum were collected from the subjects. Multiplex ELISA or single analyte ELISA was performed to measure 34 tear-soluble factors levels including vitamin D. Results Significantly higher OSDI discomfort score, lower TBUT, and lower STI were observed in DED patients. cDCD was significantly higher in DED patients. No significant difference was observed in SBNP features. Tear fluid IL-1β, IL-17A, MMP9, MMP10, MMP9/TIMP ratio, and VEGF-B were significantly higher in DED patients. Significantly lower tear fluid IL-2, IP-10, NPY, VEGF-A, and vitamin D was observed in DED patients. These dysregulated tear factors showed significant associations with DED signs and symptoms. Conclusions Altered tear fluid soluble factors with potential to modulate nociception exhibited a distinct association with ocular surface discomfort status, TBUT, STI, and cDCD. This implies a functional relationship between the various tear-soluble factors and dry eye pathogenesis, indicating new molecular targets for designing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Khamar
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Archana Padmanabhan Nair
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Murali Subramani
- Stem Cell Lab, GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Murugeswari Ponnalagu
- Stem Cell Lab, GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Stem Cell Lab, GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharon D'souza
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Anuprita Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Natasha Pahuja
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Rashmi Deshmukh
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Prerna Ahuja
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Kanchan Sainani
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Debashish Das
- Stem Cell Lab, GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
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38
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Effects of vitamin D deficiency on intraocular pressure values obtained by ocular response analyzer. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 40:697-701. [PMID: 31758509 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare corneal biomechanical properties measured with ocular response analyzer (ORA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in patients with vitamin D deficiency and in healthy cases. METHODS One hundred and twenty eyes of 120 subjects (between the ages of 19 and 78) who applied to university's outpatient clinic were evaluated: 41 lacks of vitamin D (Group 1), 39 insufficient vitamin D (Group 2) and 40 controls (Group 3). Corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, Goldmann-correlated IOP and corneal compensated IOP of patients were measured by ORA. RESULTS The mean ages were 48.9 ± 12.1, 52.8 ± 13.6 and 52.1 ± 13.9 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.370). Mean IOPcc values were 16.5 ± 3.6 (8.1-27.3), 16.7 ± 2.7 (12.0-22.7) and 16.3 ± 3.3 (10.8-27.4) mmHg (p = 0.889); mean IOPg values were 16.8 ± 5.0 (6.5-39.5), 16.3 ± 2.9 (10.3-23.0) and 15.9 ± 3.2 (10.0-26.0) mmHg (p = 0.539); mean CH values were 10.8 ± 1.9 (8.3-19.0), 11.4 ± 1.6 (6.9-14.0) and 11.2 ± 1.5 (7.5-13.2) (p = 0.257); mean CRF values were 10.5 ± 2.7 (7.4-25.0), 11.1 ± 1.5 (6.8-13.5) and 10.5 ± 1.2 (7.7-12.8) (p = 0.282) in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of IOPcc, IOPg CH and CRF. However, mean CH values were found less in the lack of vitamin D group. CONCLUSION The CH values were lower, and the IOPg values were higher in cases of vitamin D deficiency. Corneal biomechanical differences in patients with lack of vitamin D were not statistically significant.
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Lu X, Chen Z, Vick S, Watsky MA. Vitamin D receptor and metabolite effects on corneal epithelial cell gap junction proteins. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107776. [PMID: 31465769 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone that can be activated both systemically and within individual tissues. Our lab has previously demonstrated that the corneal epithelium can activate vitamin D and that the vitamin D metabolites 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect corneal epithelial migration, proliferation, and tight and gap junction function. These vitamin D-derived metabolites signal through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The purpose of this study was to specifically determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 on corneal epithelial cell gap junction proteins. Connexin (Cx) 26, 30 and 43 protein expression was detected in a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC), wild type and vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR-/-) mouse corneas, and cultured mouse primary epithelial cells (MPCEC). In vitro gap junction function was assessed using the scrape loading/dye transfer assay. HCEC and MPCEC were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24R,25(OH)2D3. Western blotting was used to detect gap junction proteins. Vitamin D3 effects on epithelial intracellular Ca++ (Ca++i) were determined using the dye Cal-520. Cx26 and Cx43 protein levels were significantly increased in HCEC and MPCEC treated with both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. Cx30 and Cx43 protein levels were also significantly increased in VDR-/- MPCEC. In vitro gap junction connectivity was significanlty enhanced in HCEC and MPCEC cultured with 24R,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. Ca++i was not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24R,25(OH)2D3 in HCEC or MPCEC. We conclude that both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 are positive regulators of connexin proteins and gap junction communication in the corneal epithelium. These vitamin D metabolites appear to signal through both VDR-dependent and -independent pathways. The effects of vitamin D on corneal epithelial gap junctions do not seem to be dependent on Ca++i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Vick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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40
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Tohari AM, Alhasani RH, Biswas L, Patnaik SR, Reilly J, Zeng Z, Shu X. Vitamin D Attenuates Oxidative Damage and Inflammation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090341. [PMID: 31450606 PMCID: PMC6770403 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common visual disorder in elderly people, is characterized by the formation of deposits beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and by dysfunction of RPE and photoreceptor cells. The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-(OH)2D3 (VITD), is categorized as a multifunctional steroid hormone that modulates many transcriptional processes of different genes and is involved in a broad range of cellular functions. Epidemiological and genetic association studies demonstrate that VITD may have a protective role in AMD, while single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism gene (CYP24A1) increase the risk of AMD. However, the functional mechanisms of VITD in AMD are not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the impact of VITD on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in human RPE cells. We demonstrate that exposure to H2O2 caused significantly reduced cell viability, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lowered expression of antioxidant enzymes and enhanced inflammation. VITD exposure notably counteracted the above H2O2-induced effects. Our data suggest that VITD protects the RPE from oxidative damage and elucidate molecular mechanisms of VITD deficiency in the development of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Tohari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Fahad Hospital, PO Box 204, Jazan 91991, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Sarita Rani Patnaik
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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41
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Scanlon G, McCartney D, Butler JS, Loskutova E, Loughman J. Identification of Surrogate Biomarkers for the Prediction of Patients at Risk of Low Macular Pigment in Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Eye Res 2019; 44:1369-1380. [PMID: 31225969 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1635166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This cross-sectional study compared macular pigment (MP) levels among persons with Type 2 diabetes relative to healthy controls. Additionally, a range of behavioral, anthropometric, clinical and serum measures were explored as possible predictors of low MP optical density (MPOD) in diabetes.Methods: Two health status groups; Group 1: Type 2 diabetes (n = 188), and Group 2: Healthy controls (n = 2,594) completed a full MP assessment using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, as part of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging (TILDA). Clinical [blood pressure; cataract status; MPOD] and anthropometric [waist (cm); weight (kg); hip (cm)] measurements were taken, and a blood sample drawn for analysis of serum biomarkers [lipoproteins; inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and vitamin-D)].Results: One-way ANOVA revealed lower MPOD in subjects with Type 2 diabetes relative to controls (p = .047). Amongst participants with diabetes, those with low serum vitamin D (≤50 nmol/L) had significantly lower mean MPOD compared to those with sufficient serum vitamin D levels >50 nmol/L (0.173(0.148) vs. 0.226(0.145); p = .006). Concomitantly, MP was significantly lower in diabetes participants with raised serum triglyceride (TG) to high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (TG/HDL); values >1.74 mmol/L (0.172 (0.140) vs 0.215 (0.152); p = .039). Body mass index, waist-to-height ratio and waist circumference, were all significantly negatively correlated with MPOD (Pearson's correlation, p < .05 for all). Significant correlates of MPOD in the multivariate regression model included smoking, cataract, and vitamin D, which collectively contributed 18.5% of the overall variability in MPOD status amongst participants with Type 2 diabetes.Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence that low MP may indeed be a feature of Type 2 diabetes, and further identifies smoking, cataract and vitamin D status as plausible predictors of low MPOD amongst persons with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grainne Scanlon
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel McCartney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John S Butler
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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42
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Markiewicz A, Brożyna AA, Podgórska E, Elas M, Urbańska K, Jetten AM, Slominski AT, Jóźwicki W, Orłowska-Heitzman J, Dyduch G, Romanowska-Dixon B. Vitamin D receptors (VDR), hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 and retinoid-related orphan receptors (ROR) level in human uveal tract and ocular melanoma with different melanization levels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9142. [PMID: 31235702 PMCID: PMC6591242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a significant number of studies have investigated the preventive role of vitamin D in a number of different neoplasms. In this study, we analyze various components of the vitamin D signaling pathways in the human uveal tract and uveal melanoma, including analysis of the expression of vitamin D receptors (VDR), the activating and inactivating hydroxylases, respectively, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, and the retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (ROR) α (RORα) and γ (RORγ) in these tissues. We further analyzed the expression of VDR, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and ROR in relation to melanin levels, clinical stage and prognosis. Our study indicated that the uveal melanoma melanin level inversely correlated with VDR expression. We further showed that vitamin D is metabolized in uveal melanoma. This is significant because until now there has been no paper published, that would describe presence of VDR, hydroxylases CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, and RORα and RORγ in the human uveal tract and uveal melanomas. The outcomes of our research can contribute to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods in uveal tract disorders, especially in uveal melanoma. The presented associations between vitamin D signaling elements and uveal melanoma in comparison to uveal tract encourage future clinical research with larger patients’ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Markiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-501, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ewa Podgórska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Elas
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Urbańska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-007, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wojciech Jóźwicki
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jolanta Orłowska-Heitzman
- Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dyduch
- Clinical and Experimental Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Romanowska-Dixon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ocular Oncology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
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Dunn JA, Jefferson K, MacDonald D, Iqbal G, Bland R. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with increased bladder cancer risk: A systematic review and evidence of a potential mechanism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 188:134-140. [PMID: 30654104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of some cancers is associated with vitamin D deficiency. We suggest that reduced conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and the resulting modification of tissue specific immune responses may be key. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is highly immunoresponsive and stimulation of an inflammatory response by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment prevents recurrence. To assess the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and bladder cancer risk we conducted a systematic review. To test our hypothesis, the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D by human bladder epithelial cell lines (T24/83 and RT4) was examined. Studies were identified from Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane library (limited to English language, humans and 1990-2018). After removal of duplicates, title and abstract review 6 full papers were appraised. Low vitamin D levels were associated with bladder cancer risk in 5/6 of the studies. Both cell lines express the vitamin D receptor, 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) and 24-hydroxylase (24-OHase) mRNA, which was induced by 1,25(OH)2D. 24-OHase mRNA was also increased by 25(OH)D indicating 1α-OHase activity. Both cell types expressed TLR1,2,4 and the TLR partners MyD88 and CD14mRNA. Cathelicidin mRNA was undetectable in both cell lines but was induced by 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D in RT4 cells. The systematic review demonstrated that bladder cancer risk correlates with serum 25(OH)D levels. In addition, we have shown that transitional epithelial cells express functional vitamin D signaling and can synthesize sufficient 1,25(OH)2D to stimulate a local immune response. We suggest that in order to maintain optimal immune surveillance within the bladder adequate levels of serum 25(OH)D are required for direct synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D by bladder epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Dunn
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kieran Jefferson
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Donald MacDonald
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Gulnaz Iqbal
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Rosemary Bland
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Gao Y, Zhou S, Luu S, Glowacki J. Megalin mediates 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 actions in human mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:7684-7693. [PMID: 30893561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802578r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is stimulated by 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1α,25(OH)2D3] and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3]; the latter's effects require intracellular hydroxylation to 1α,25(OH)2D3. Thus, hMSCs are both a source of and target for 1α,25(OH)2D3. Megalin is a transmembrane receptor for serum d-binding protein (DBP) in kidney cells and is required for uptake of the 25(OH)D3-DBP complex. We tested the hypothesis that megalin is required for D actions in hMSCs with cells from surgically discarded marrow for RT-PCR, for effects of 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3, for 1α,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis, for osteoblastogenesis, and for small interfering RNA for megalin (si-Meg) and control (si-Ctr). In hMSCs with high constitutive megalin expression, both 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 stimulated osteoblastogenesis (P < 0.05), but only 1α,25(OH)2D3 did so in hMSCs with lower megalin (lo-Meg, P < 0.001) or in si-Meg cells (P < 0.05). In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 biosynthesis was significantly lower in lo-Meg (46%, P = 0.034) and in si-Meg (23%, P < 0.001) than each control. Leptin significantly stimulated megalin expression 2.1-fold in lo-Meg cells (P < 0.01). These studies show that megalin is expressed in hMSCs and is required for the biosynthesis of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and for the 25(OH)D3/DBP complex to stimulate vitamin D receptor targets and osteoblastogenesis.-Gao, Y., Zhou, S., Luu, S., Glowacki, J. Megalin mediates 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 actions in human mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon Luu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lai YT, Cerquinho RG, Perez MM, Alves BDCA, Pereira EC, Azzalis LA, Junqueira VBC, Soares LR, Fonseca FLA. Determination of vitamin D in tears of healthy individuals by the electrochemiluminescence method. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22830. [PMID: 30666714 PMCID: PMC6528589 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone which can be converted into various forms and is of extreme physiological importance to our body. However, its functions and local metabolic pathways in some organs, such as the eye, have not yet been well studied. We aimed to verify the correlation between vitamin D levels in blood and tear fluid and the possibility of using tear fluid as a biological material for monitoring eye disorders in the future. METHODS The electrochemiluminescence method was used to examine blood and tear samples collected with Schirmer test strips from 21 individuals without ocular disease. RESULTS At the 95% confidence interval, mean tear fluid vitamin D = 37.8 ± 3.6 ng/mL, which is higher than the serum level, with a mean of 30.3 ± 7.7 ng/mL; Lin's concordance correlation coefficient = -0.018 (-0.174; 0.139), Pearson's coefficient = -0.070, and the Bland-Altman coefficient = -11.12 (-30.40; 8.16). Results were obtained using the program Stata version 11.0. CONCLUSION It is possible to determine vitamin D levels in tear fluid using the electrochemiluminescence method, and as the results do not correlate with blood, there is possibility of using tear fluid as a biological matrix for detection of vitamin D, which may increase the possibilities of new studies in eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tsun Lai
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Moreira Perez
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Edimar Cristiano Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Ligia Ajaime Azzalis
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
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Jiao J, Li Y, Xu S, Wu J, Yue S, Liu L. Association of FokI, TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy: a pooled analysis of case-control studies. Afr Health Sci 2018; 18:891-899. [PMID: 30766552 PMCID: PMC6354855 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess synthetically the association between polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods Pubmed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Google-scholar and CBMDisc, CNKI and Chongqing VIP databases were searched. A meta-analysis was performed. Results Six studies with 636 cases and 1,035 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The outcomes showed that the FokI polymorphism (F allele) of VDR gene had no statistical protective relationship with DR in overall studies. Interestingly, stratification analysis showed that the FokI polymorphism (Fallele) was significantly associated with decreased DR risk in the Chinese population, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. However, the TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms of VDR gene had no significant association with the risk of DR. Conclusion This meta-analysis of case-control studies revealed that the VDR-FokI polymorphism (F allele) decreased the risk of DR in Chinese people, among included studies without publication bias, during a comparison analysis between normal subjects and DR patients, and among articles published after 2010. Further rigorous and prospective studies with large sample size are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingHua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, 110024 Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of English, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 110122 Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Library and Information Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, China
| | - Song Yue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, China
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Chun YH, Paik JS, Oh JH, Kim HS, Na KS. Association between pterygium, sun exposure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:260. [PMID: 30453963 PMCID: PMC6245817 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ultraviolet-B (UVB) light exposure is the major risk factor for developing a pterygium, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level is an objective measure of UVB light exposure. In this study, we investigated the association between pterygium, sun exposure, and serum 25(OH)D. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study comprised 12,258 adults (aged ≥19 years) participating in the fifth annual Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012. The enrolled subjects underwent interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory investigations. The serum 25(OH)D levels were measured, and pterygium was examined by using a slit lamp. We used three adjusted logistic regression models and selected covariates as potential confounders. Results The overall prevalence of pterygium was 7.09, and 53.1% of these subjects were women. The prevalence of pterygium was higher in elderly subjects and those who lived at low latitudes. In multivariate analysis with adjustment for confounding factors, subjects with a serum 25(OH)D level > 30 ng/mL, 25–30 ng/mL, and 15–20 ng/mL had an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.565 (1.035–2.366), 1.545 (1.086–2.198), 1.8 (1.358–2.386), and 1.535 (1.216–1.938), respectively, compared to those with a serum 25(OH)D level < 15 ng/mL. Subjects with a daily sun exposure > 5 h had an OR (95% CI) of 1.761 (1.395–2.223) compared to subjects with a daily sun exposure < 2 h. Conclusion The present study provides epidemiological evidence of an association of daily sun exposure and serum 25(OH)D levels with pterygium in a representative Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hong Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju Heun Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Na
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kozyraki R, Cases O. Cubilin, the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor in Development and Disease. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:3123-3150. [PMID: 30295181 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181008143945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gp280/Intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor/Cubilin (CUBN) is a large endocytic receptor serving multiple functions in vitamin B12 homeostasis, renal reabsorption of protein or toxic substances including albumin, vitamin D-binding protein or cadmium. Cubilin is a peripheral membrane protein consisting of 8 Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like repeats and 27 CUB (defined as Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, BMP1) domains. This structurally unique protein interacts with at least two molecular partners, Amnionless (AMN) and Lrp2/Megalin. AMN is involved in appropriate plasma membrane transport of Cubilin whereas Lrp2 is essential for efficient internalization of Cubilin and its ligands. Observations gleaned from animal models with Cubn deficiency or human diseases demonstrate the importance of this protein. In this review addressed to basic research and medical scientists, we summarize currently available data on Cubilin and its implication in renal and intestinal biology. We also discuss the role of Cubilin as a modulator of Fgf8 signaling during embryonic development and propose that the Cubilin-Fgf8 interaction may be relevant in human pathology, including in cancer progression, heart or neural tube defects. We finally provide experimental elements suggesting that some aspects of Cubilin physiology might be relevant in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kozyraki
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cases
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
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Cankaya C, Cumurcu T, Gunduz A. Corneal endothelial changes in patients with vitamin D deficiency. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:1256-1261. [PMID: 30127135 PMCID: PMC6113815 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_238_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on corneal endothelial layer using specular microscopy. Methods: Fifty-eight eyes of 58 patients whose vitamin D level was below 15 ng/ml and who had no ocular pathology were included in the study (Group 1). Forty eyes of 40 age-and sex-matched subjects were enrolled as control group (Group 2). Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using specular microscopy (Konan Medical Inc., Nishinomiya, Japan). The obtained data were compared between the groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender (P = 0.344, P = 0.399, respectively). The mean CD value was 2772.79 ± 202.21 cells/mm2 in Group 1 and 2954.97 ± 116.89 cells/mm2 in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CV value was 30.31 ± 3.65 in Group 1 and 28.20 ± 2.71 in Group 2 (P = 0.003). The mean HEX value was 46.56 ± 6.32 in Group 1 and 51.07 ± 5.28 in Group 2 (P = 0.001). The mean CCT value was 555.87 ± 36.90 μ in group 1 and 549.0 ± 37.39 μ in Group 2 (P = 0.96). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may affect the corneal endothelial layer. Patients with vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for endothelial parameters in particular before an intraocular surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Cankaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Tongabay Cumurcu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Gunduz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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50
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Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and molecular genetic characteristics of vitamin D metabolism. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17816/ov11219-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To study the possible association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, FokI) with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) clinical manifestations.
Methods. We examined 160 subjects (72 males (45%), and 88 females (55%)) aged from 55 to 75 years, residents of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region. 122 patients with PEG were enrolled in the main study group, the control group comprised 38 subjects without PEG, primary open angle glaucoma (POUG) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES). 25(OH)D serum levels were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. Detection of VDR gene allele polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) was carried out using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.
Results. Patients with PEG had lower 25(OH)D serum levels compared to patients in the control group (39.3 ± 1.2 and 52.7 ± 2.1 nMol/l, respectively, p < 0.01). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be higher among PEG patients than among healthy subjects (86.4% and 59.5%, respectively, p < 0.01). The prevalence of b allele (p < 0.001) and bb genotype (p < 0.001) (BsmI polymorphism), as well as of f allele and ff genotype (p < 0.05) (FokI polymorphism) in PEG patients were higher compared to healthy subjects. We found that the Fallele carriers (FokI polymorphism) had greater corneal thickness than the ff genotype carriers (547.3 ± 4.1 μm and 502.1 ± 25.8 μm, respectively, p < 0.01). It was revealed, that bb genotype, Bb genotype (BsmI polymorphism), and ff genotype (FokI polymorphism) were associated with the increased risk of PEG (OR = 8.2, CI 95%: 3.4-19.9; OR = 3.9, CI 95%: 1.7-9.0; OR = 2.3, CI 95%: 1.2-4.5, respectively).
Conclusions. Results of this study for the first time ever showed the association between BsmI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
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