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Zhang Y, Yang J, Ji Y, Liang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J. Development of Osthole-Loaded Microemulsions as a Prospective Ocular Delivery System for the Treatment of Corneal Neovascularization: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1342. [PMID: 37895813 PMCID: PMC10610237 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osthole (OST), a natural coumarin compound, has shown a significant inhibitory effect on corneal neovascularization (CNV). But, its effect on treating CNV is restricted by its water insolubility. To overcome this limitation, an OST-loaded microemulsion (OST-ME) was created to improve the drug's therapeutic effect on CNV after topical administration. The OST-ME formulation comprised Capryol-90 (CP-90), Cremophor® EL (EL-35), Transcutol-P (TSP) and water, and sodium hyaluronate (SH) was also included to increase viscosity. The OST-ME had a droplet size of 16.18 ± 0.02 nm and a low polydispersity index (0.09 ± 0.00). In vitro drug release from OST-ME fitted well to the Higuchi release kinetics model. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that OST-ME was not notably toxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), and the formulation had no irritation to rabbit eyes. Ocular pharmacokinetics studies showed that the areas under the concentration-time curves (AUC0-t) in the cornea and conjunctiva were 19.74 and 63.96 μg/g*min after the administration of OST-ME, both of which were 28.2- and 102.34-fold higher than those after the administration of OST suspension (OST-Susp). Moreover, OST-ME (0.1%) presented a similar therapeutic effect to commercially available dexamethasone eye drops (0.025%) on CNV in mouse models. In conclusion, the optimized OST-ME exhibited good tolerance and enhanced 28.2- and 102.34-fold bioavailability in the cornea and conjunctiva tissues compared with suspensions in rabbit eyes. The OST-ME is a potential ocular drug delivery for anti-CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- The First of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yinjian Ji
- The First of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Ophthalmology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- The First of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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2
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Shi J, Yang J, Xu H, Luo Q, Sun J, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zhao N, Zhang J. Preparation of a Sunitinib loaded microemulsion for ocular delivery and evaluation for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157084. [PMID: 37497104 PMCID: PMC10366539 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is a pathological condition that can disrupt corneal transparency, thus harming visual acuity. However, there is no effective drug to treat CNV. Sunitinib (STB), a small-molecule multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was shown to have an effect on CNV. The purpose of this study was to develop an STB microemulsion (STB-ME) eye drop to inhibit CNV by topical application. Methods: We successfully prepared an STB-ME by the phase inversion emulsification method, and the physicochemical properties of STB-MEs were investigated. The short-term storage stability, cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells, drug release, ocular irritation, ocular pharmacokinetics and the inhibitory effect on CNV were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Results: The optimal formulation of STB-ME is composed of oleic acid, CRH 40, Transcutol P, water and sodium hyaluronate (SH). It is a uniform spherical particle with a mean droplet size of 18.74 ± 0.09 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.196 ± 0.004. In the in vitro drug release results, STB-ME showed sustained release and was best fitted by a Korsmeyer-Peppas model (R 2 = 0.9960). The results of the ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits showed that the formulation containing SH increased the bioavailability in the cornea (2.47-fold) and conjunctiva (2.14-fold). STB-ME (0.05% and 0.1%), administered topically, suppressed alkali burn-induced CNV in mice more effectively than saline, and high-dose (0.1%) STB-ME had similar efficacy to dexamethasone (0.025%). Conclusion: This study provides a promising formulation of STB-ME for the inhibition of CNV by topical administration, which has the excellent characteristics of effectiveness, sustained release and high ocular bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Masood F, Bhattaram R, Rosenblatt MI, Kazlauskas A, Chang JH, Azar DT. Lymphatic Vessel Regression and Its Therapeutic Applications: Learning From Principles of Blood Vessel Regression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:846936. [PMID: 35392370 PMCID: PMC8980686 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.846936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant lymphatic system function has been increasingly implicated in pathologies such as lymphedema, organ transplant rejection, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. While some pathologies are exacerbated by lymphatic vessel regression and dysfunction, induced lymphatic regression could be therapeutically beneficial in others. Despite its importance, our understanding of lymphatic vessel regression is far behind that of blood vessel regression. Herein, we review the current understanding of blood vessel regression to identify several hallmarks of this phenomenon that can be extended to further our understanding of lymphatic vessel regression. We also summarize current research on lymphatic vessel regression and an array of research tools and models that can be utilized to advance this field. Additionally, we discuss the roles of lymphatic vessel regression and dysfunction in select pathologies, highlighting how an improved understanding of lymphatic vessel regression may yield therapeutic insights for these disease states.
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4
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Luo Q, Yang J, Xu H, Shi J, Liang Z, Zhang R, Lu P, Pu G, Zhao N, Zhang J. Sorafenib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical ocular therapy of corneal neovascularization: development, in-vitro and in vivo study. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:837-855. [PMID: 35277107 PMCID: PMC8920403 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2048134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (SRB), a multikinase inhibitor, is effective in reducing experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV) after oral administration; however, its therapeutic use in ocular surface disorders is restricted due to poor solubility and limited bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and optimize SRB-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (SRB-NLCs) for topical ocular delivery by a central composite design response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). It was spherical and uniform in morphology with an average particle size of 111.87 ± 0.93 nm and a narrow size distribution. The in vitro drug release from the released SRB-NLC formulation was well fitted to Korsmeyer Peppas release kinetics. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) cell viability assay demonstrated that SRB-NLC was not obviously cytotoxic to human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). An in vivo ocular irritation test showed that SRB-NLC was well tolerated by rabbit eyes. Ocular pharmacokinetics revealed 6.79-fold and 1.24-fold increase in the area under concentration-time curves (AUC0-12h) over 12 h in rabbit cornea and conjunctiva, respectively, treated with one dose of SRB-NLC compared with those treated with SRB suspension. Moreover, SRB-NLC (0.05% SRB) and dexamethasone (0.025%) similarly suppressed corneal neovascularization in mice. In conclusion, the optimized SRB-NLC formulation demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties and good tolerance, sustained release, and enhanced ocular bioavailability. It is safe and potentially effective for the treatment of corneal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieran Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guojuan Pu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ningmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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5
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Ma Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Liang Z, Lu P, Song F, Wang Y, Zhang J. Development of a naringenin microemulsion as a prospective ophthalmic delivery system for the treatment of corneal neovascularization: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:111-127. [PMID: 34964414 PMCID: PMC8725867 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2021323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin, a flavonoid, possesses antiangiogenic potential and inhibits corneal neovascularization (CNV); however, its therapeutic use is restricted due to poor solubility and limited bioavailability. In this study, we developed a naringenin microemulsion (NAR-ME) for inhibiting CNV. NAR-ME formulation was composed of triacetin (oil phase), Cremophor RH40 (CRH40), PEG400, and water, its droplet size was 13.22 ± 0.13 nm with a narrow size distribution (0.112 ± 0.0014). The results demonstrated that NAR-ME released higher and permeated more drug than NAR suspension (NAR-Susp) in in vitro drug release and ex vivo corneal permeation study. Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) toxicity study showed no toxicity with NAR-ME, which is consistent with the result of ocular irritation study. NAR-ME had high bioavailability 1.45-fold, 2.15-fold, and 1.35-fold higher than NAR-Susp in the cornea, conjunctiva, and aqueous humor, respectively. Moreover, NAR-ME (0.5% NAR) presented efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone (0.025%) in the inhibition of CNV in mice CNV model induced by alkali burning, resulting from the attenuation of corneal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-14) expression. In conclusion, the optimized NAR-ME formulation demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties and good tolerance, enhanced ocular bioavailability and corneal permeability. This formulation is promising, safe, and effective for the treatment of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Ye X, Gaucher JF, Vidal M, Broussy S. A Structural Overview of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Pharmacological Ligands: From Macromolecules to Designed Peptidomimetics. Molecules 2021; 26:6759. [PMID: 34833851 PMCID: PMC8625919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of cytokines plays a key role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A is the main member of this family, alongside placental growth factor (PlGF), VEGF-B/C/D in mammals, and VEGF-E/F in other organisms. To study the activities of these growth factors under physiological and pathological conditions, resulting in therapeutic applications in cancer and age-related macular degeneration, blocking ligands have been developed. These have mostly been large biomolecules like antibodies. Ligands with high affinities, at least in the nanomolar range, and accurate structural data from X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have been described. They constitute the main focus of this overview, which evidences similarities and differences in their binding modes. For VEGF-A ligands, and to a limited extent also for PlGF, a transition is now observed towards developing smaller ligands like nanobodies and peptides. These include unnatural amino acids and chemical modifications for designed and improved properties, such as serum stability and greater affinity. However, this review also highlights the scarcity of such small molecular entities and the striking lack of small organic molecule ligands. It also shows the gap between the rather large array of ligands targeting VEGF-A and the general absence of ligands binding other VEGF members, besides some antibodies. Future developments in these directions are expected in the upcoming years, and the study of these growth factors and their promising therapeutic applications will be welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ye
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
| | - Jean-François Gaucher
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie et RMN Biologiques, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Michel Vidal
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
- Service Biologie du Médicament, Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Broussy
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, CiTCoM, 8038 CNRS, U 1268 INSERM, 75006 Paris, France; (X.Y.); (M.V.)
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7
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Dan Cosnita AR, Raica M, Sava MP, Cimpean AM. Gene Expression Profile of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and Platelet-derived Growth Factors (PDGFs) in the Normal Cornea. In Vivo 2021; 35:805-813. [PMID: 33622873 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Angiogenic growth factors expression is not known in the normal cornea. The aim was to study corneal gene expression profile of VEGF and PDGF pathways influencing the avascular state of cornea. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA synthesis was performed from mRNA extracted from five fresh pig corneas followed by cDNA synthesis and analysis of VEGF and PDGF pathways by TaqMan Array gene expression profile. RESULTS Normal pig cornea lacks VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 gene expression. MK2 and AKT1 genes were significantly overexpressed (p=0.000684, p=0.050995, respectively). Six PDGF pathway genes were overexpressed: TIAM1 (p=0.047), PIK3CA (p=0.00005), IKBKG (p=0.000006), PAK4 (p=0.034), RAC1 (p=0.000006 and PTGS2, p=0.00375). PDGF A was up-regulated, but not with a statistical significance (p=0.79911), while PDGFRα was down-regulated and PDGFRβ was not expressed. CONCLUSION Normal cornea avascularity is given by growth factor receptors down-regulation. Rapid corneal neovascularisation is induced by activation of the main angiogenic growth factors that induce angiogenic cascade and vessel recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Radu Dan Cosnita
- Department IX, Surgery I/Ophthalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Poenaru Sava
- Department IX, Surgery I/Ophthalmology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; .,Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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8
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Irani YD, Pulford E, Mortimer L, Irani S, Butler L, Klebe S, Williams KA. Sex differences in corneal neovascularization in response to superficial corneal cautery in the rat. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221566. [PMID: 31479468 PMCID: PMC6719872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences in susceptibility have been reported for a number of neovascular ocular diseases. We quantified corneal neovascularization, induced by superficial silver nitrate cautery, in male and female inbred albino Sprague-Dawley, inbred albino Fischer 344, outbred pigmented Hooded Wistar and inbred pigmented Dark Agouti rats of a range of ages. Corneal neovascular area was quantified on haematoxylin-stained corneal flatmounts by image analysis. Pro-and anti-angiogenic gene expression was measured early in the neovascular response by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Androgen and estrogen receptor expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Male rats from all strains, with or without ocular pigmentation, exhibited significantly greater corneal neovascular area than females: Sprague-Dawley males 43±12% (n = 8), females 25±5% (n = 12), p = 0.001; Fischer 344 males 38±10% (n = 12) females 27±8% (n = 8) p = 0.043; Hooded Wistar males 32±6% (n = 8) females 22±5% (n = 12) p = 0.002; Dark Agouti males 37±11% (n = 9) females 26±7% (n = 9) p = 0.015. Corneal vascular endothelial cells expressed neither androgen nor estrogen receptor. The expression in cornea post-cautery of Cox-2, Vegf-a and Vegf-r2 was significantly higher in males compared with females and Vegf-r1 was significantly lower in the cornea of males compared to females, p<0.001 for each comparison. These data suggest that male corneas are primed for angiogenesis through a signalling nexus involving Cox-2, Vegf-a, and Vegf receptors 1 and 2. Our findings re-enforce that pre-clinical animal models of human diseases should account for sex-based differences in their design and highlight the need for well characterized and reproducible pre-clinical studies that include both male and female animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazad D. Irani
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Emily Pulford
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lauren Mortimer
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lisa Butler
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Discipline of Anatomical Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keryn A. Williams
- Discipline of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Yin X, Lin X, Ren X, Yu B, Liu L, Ye Z, Chen Q, Lee C, Lu W, Yu D, Li X. Novel multi-targeted inhibitors suppress ocular neovascularization by regulating unique gene sets. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104277. [PMID: 31112749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular diseases, such as many cancers and ocular disorders, are life threatening and devastating. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) therapy is available, many patients are not responsive and drug resistance can develop. To try to overcome these problems, combination therapy targeting VEGF-A and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) was tested. However, one obvious drawback was that the other VEGF and PDGF family members were not inhibited and therefore could compensate. Indeed, this was, at least to some extent, demonstrated by the disappointing outcomes. To this end, we designed novel multi-targeted inhibitors that can block most of the VEGF and PDGF family members simultaneously by making a fusion protein containing the ligand-binding domains of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), which can therefore act as a decoy blocker for most of the VEGF and PDGF family members. Indeed, in cultured cells, the novel inhibitors suppressed the migration and proliferation of both vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and abolished VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ activation. Importantly, in a choroidal neovascularization model in vivo, the novel inhibitor inhibited ocular neovascularization more efficiently than the mono-inhibitors against VEGFR or PDGFR alone respectively. Mechanistically, a genome-wide microarray analysis unveiled that the novel inhibitor regulated unique sets of genes that were not regulated by the mono-inhibitors, further demonstrating the functional uniqueness and superiority of the novel inhibitor. Together, we show that the multi-targeted inhibitors that can block VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ simultaneously suppress pathological angiogenesis more efficiently than monotherapy, and may therefore have promising therapeutic value for the treatment of neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangke Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Larix Bioscience LLC, 1230 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, CA, 94089, USA
| | - Lixian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Qishan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Chunsik Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
| | - Dechao Yu
- Innovent Biologics, Inc., 168 Dongping Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, 215123, PR China.
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, PR China.
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10
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Hou Y, Le VNH, Tóth G, Siebelmann S, Horstmann J, Gabriel T, Bock F, Cursiefen C. UV light crosslinking regresses mature corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and promotes subsequent high-risk corneal transplant survival. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2873-2884. [PMID: 29673063 PMCID: PMC6282984 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunologic graft rejection is the main complication after corneal transplant into pathologically prevascularized so-called high-risk eyes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ultraviolet (UV) light crosslinking can regress pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and thereby improve subsequent graft survival. Using the murine model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization, we found that corneal crosslinking with UVA light and riboflavin regressed both preexisting blood and lymphatic vessels significantly via induction of apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells. In addition, macrophages and CD45+ cell counts were significantly reduced. Consistently, corneal crosslinking reduced keratocyte density and corneal thickness without affecting corneal nonvascular endothelial cells, iris, and lens depending on the crosslinking duration. Furthermore, using the murine model of corneal transplant, long-term graft survival was significantly promoted (P < .05) and CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ T regulatory cells were upregulated (P < .01) in high-risk eyes preoperatively treated with crosslinking. Our results suggest UV light crosslinking as a novel method to regress both pathologic corneal blood and lymphatic vessels and to reduce CD45+ inflammatory cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates for the first time that preoperative corneal crosslinking in prevascularized high-risk eyes can significantly improve subsequent graft survival and may become a promising novel therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Hou
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Viet Nhat Hung Le
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Department of OphthalmologyHue College of Medicine and PharmacyHue UniversityHueVietnam
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of OphthalmologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | | | - Jens Horstmann
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Excellence Cluster: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐associated DiseasesCECADUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Tim Gabriel
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)University of CologneCologneGermany
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Zhu X, Liu K, Wang J, Peng H, Pan Q, Wu S, Jiang Y, Liu Y. C‑C chemokine receptor type 3 gene knockout alleviates inflammatory responses in allergic rhinitis model mice by regulating the expression of eosinophil granule proteins and immune factors. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3780-3790. [PMID: 30106146 PMCID: PMC6131541 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of C‑C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3) gene knockout on allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Ovalbumin was administrated to CCR3+/+ and CCR3‑/‑ BALB/c mice to establish an AR model. The mice were divided into four groups: i) Normal control (CG), ii) AR model (AR), iii) CCR3 knockout CG (CCR3‑/‑CG) and iv) AR model with CCR3 knockout (CCR3‑/‑AR). Histological sections of nasal mucosae were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, which revealed that CCR3 knockout suppressed the invasion of inflammatory cells and relieved the damage of nasal mucosae. Peripheral blood smear and nasal‑washing smears were evaluated by Wright's staining. Eosinophil (EOS) numbers in nasal mucosae, peripheral blood, and nasal washings of the various groups were ranked in the order: AR>CCR3‑/‑AR>CG>CCR3‑/‑. mRNA expression levels of CCR3, EOS peroxidase (EPO), EOS cationic protein (ECP), and major basic protein (MBP) in the peripheral serum and nasal washings were detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. Interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ), interleukin (IL)‑4, IL‑10, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) protein levels in the peripheral serum and nasal washings were investigated by ELISA. CCR3 mRNA expression was not detected in the CCR3‑/‑ and CCR3‑/‑AR groups, whereas expression levels in the AR group were markedly higher compared with expression in the CG group. Compared with the CG‑associated groups (i.e., the CG and CCR3‑/‑CG groups), the levels of EPO, ECP, MBP, IL‑4, and IgE were significantly increased in the AR‑associated groups (that is, R and CCR3‑/‑AR). In addition, the CCR3‑/‑AR group mice produced significantly lower levels of EPO, ECP, MBP, IL‑4 and IgE compared with the AR group, whereas the expression levels of IFN‑γ and IL‑10 were increased. CCR3 gene knockout may alleviate EOS invasion and the inflammatory response in AR model mice by reducing the expression levels of EPO, ECP, MBP, IL‑4, and IgE, and increasing the expression of IL‑10 and IFN‑γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haisen Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qibin Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yinli Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Sumioka T, Iwanishi H, Okada Y, Nidegawa Y, Miyajima M, Matsumoto KI, Saika S. Loss of tenascin X gene function impairs injury-induced stromal angiogenesis in mouse corneas. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:948-956. [PMID: 29160014 PMCID: PMC5783828 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the contribution by tenascin X (Tnx) gene expression to corneal stromal angiogenesis, the effects were determined of its loss on this response in TNX knockout (KO) mice. In parallel, the effects of such a loss were evaluated on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) gene and protein expression in fibroblasts and macrophages in cell culture. Histological, immunohistochemical and quantitative RT‐PCR changes determined if Tnx gene ablation on angiogenic gene expression, inflammatory cell infiltration and neovascularization induced by central corneal stromal cauterization. The role was determined of Tnx function in controlling VEGF‐A or TGFβ1 gene expression by comparing their expression levels in ocular fibroblasts and macrophages obtained from wild‐type (WT) and body‐wide Tnx KO mice. Tnx was up‐regulated in cauterized cornea. In Tnx KO, macrophage invasion was attenuated, VEGF‐A and its cognate receptor mRNA expression along with neovascularization were lessened in Tnx KOs relative to the changes occurring in their WT counterpart. Loss of Tnx instead up‐regulated in vivo mRNA expression of anti‐angiogenic VEGF‐B but not VEGF‐A. On the other hand, TGFβ1 mRNA expression declined in Tnx KO cultured ocular fibroblasts. Loss of Tnx gene expression caused VEGF‐A expression to decline in macrophages. Tnx gene expression contributes to promoting TGFβ1 mRNA expression in ocular fibroblasts and VEGF‐A in macrophages, macrophage invasion, up‐regulation of VEGF‐A expression and neovascularization in an injured corneal stroma. On the other hand, it suppresses anti‐angiogenic VEGF‐B mRNA expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Nidegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Animal Center, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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