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Obare LM, Temu T, Mallal SA, Wanjalla CN. Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2024; 134:1515-1545. [PMID: 38781301 PMCID: PMC11122788 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV have a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Despite treatment with highly effective antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV have chronic inflammation that makes them susceptible to multiple comorbidities. Several factors, including the HIV reservoir, coinfections, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), microbial translocation, and antiretroviral therapy, may contribute to the chronic state of inflammation. Within the innate immune system, macrophages harbor latent HIV and are among the prominent immune cells present in atheroma during the progression of atherosclerosis. They secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6 and tumor necrosis-α that stimulate the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium. This leads to the recruitment of other immune cells, including cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ and CD4+ T cells, also present in early and late atheroma. As such, cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to both systemic inflammation and vascular inflammation. On a molecular level, HIV-1 primes the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome, leading to an increased expression of IL-1β, which is important for cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, activation of TLRs (toll-like receptors) by HIV, gut microbes, and substance abuse further activates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, HIV proteins such as Nef (negative regulatory factor) can inhibit cholesterol efflux in monocytes and macrophages through direct action on the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1), which promotes the formation of foam cells and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we summarize the stages of atherosclerosis in the context of HIV, highlighting the effects of HIV, coinfections, and antiretroviral therapy on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and describe current and future interventions to reduce residual inflammation and improve cardiovascular outcomes among people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
| | - Tecla Temu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.T.)
| | - Simon A. Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.A.M.)
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, WA, Western Australia (S.A.M.)
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
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Hudson JA, Ferrand RA, Gitau SN, Mureithi MW, Maffia P, Alam SR, Shah ASV. HIV-Associated Cardiovascular Disease Pathogenesis: An Emerging Understanding Through Imaging and Immunology. Circ Res 2024; 134:1546-1565. [PMID: 38781300 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac abnormalities were identified early in the epidemic of AIDS, predating the isolation and characterization of the etiologic agent, HIV. Several decades later, the causation and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) linked to HIV infection continue to be the focus of intense speculation. Before the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated CVD was primarily characterized by HIV-associated cardiomyopathy linked to profound immunodeficiency. With increasing antiretroviral therapy use, viral load suppression, and establishment of immune competency, the effects of HIV on the cardiovascular system are more subtle. Yet, people living with HIV still face an increased incidence of cardiovascular pathology. Advances in cardiac imaging modalities and immunology have deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated CVD. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of HIV-associated CVD integrating data from imaging and immunologic studies with particular relevance to the HIV population originating from high-endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa. The review highlights key evidence gaps in the field and suggests future directions for research to better understand the complex HIV-CVD interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Hudson
- Kings College London BHF Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, United Kingdom (J.A.H.)
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Department of Clinical Research (R.A.F.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe (R.A.F.)
| | - Samuel N Gitau
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Nairobi, Kenya (S.N.G.)
| | - Marianne Wanjiru Mureithi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences (M.W.M.), University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Italy (P.M.)
- Africa-Europe Cluster of Research Excellence in Non-Communicable Diseases and Multimorbidity, African Research Universities Alliance and The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities, Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.M.)
| | - Shirjel R Alam
- Department of Cardiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, United Kingdom (S.R.A.)
| | - Anoop S V Shah
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology (A.S.V.S.), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (A.S.V.S.)
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League AF, Yadav-Samudrala BJ, Kolagani R, Cline CA, Jacobs IR, Manke J, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Lichtman AH, Ignatowska-Jankowska BM, Fitting S. A helping HAND: therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition against HIV-1-associated neuroinflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374301. [PMID: 38835765 PMCID: PMC11148243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects nearly 40 million people globally, with roughly 80% of all people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral treatment suppresses viral load in peripheral tissues but does not effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Thus, viral reservoirs persist in the central nervous system and continue to produce low levels of inflammatory factors and early viral proteins, including the transactivator of transcription (Tat). HIV Tat is known to contribute to chronic neuroinflammation and synaptodendritic damage, which is associated with the development of cognitive, motor, and/or mood problems, collectively known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Cannabinoid anti-inflammatory effects are well documented, but therapeutic utility of cannabis remains limited due to its psychotropic effects, including alterations within brain regions encoding reward processing and motivation, such as the nucleus accumbens. Alternatively, inhibiting monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) has demonstrated therapeutic potential through interactions with the endocannabinoid system. Methods The present study utilized a reward-related operant behavioral task to quantify motivated behavior in female Tat transgenic mice treated with vehicle or MAGL inhibitor MJN110 (1 mg/kg). Brain tissue was collected to assess dendritic injury and neuroinflammatory profiles, including dendritic microtubule-associated protein (MAP2ab) intensity, microglia density, microglia morphology, astrocyte density, astrocytic interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) colocalization, and various lipid mediators. Results No significant behavioral differences were observed; however, MJN110 protected against Tat-induced dendritic injury by significantly upregulating MAP2ab intensity in the nucleus accumbens and in the infralimbic cortex of Tat(+) mice. No or only minor effects were noted for Iba-1+ microglia density and/or microglia morphology. Further, Tat increased GFAP+ astrocyte density in the infralimbic cortex and GFAP+ astrocytic IL-1ß colocalization in the nucleus accumbens, with MJN110 significantly reducing these measures in Tat(+) subjects. Lastly, selected HETE-related inflammatory lipid mediators in the striatum were downregulated by chronic MJN110 treatment. Conclusions These findings demonstrate anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of MJN110 without cannabimimetic behavioral effects and suggest a promising alternative to cannabis for managing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis F. League
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Barkha J. Yadav-Samudrala
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ramya Kolagani
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Calista A. Cline
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ian R. Jacobs
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan Manke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Micah J. Niphakis
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Aron H. Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Vittori C, Faia C, Wyczechowska D, Trauth A, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. IKAROS expression drives the aberrant metabolic phenotype of macrophages in chronic HIV infection. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109915. [PMID: 38286172 PMCID: PMC10922842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk for acquiring secondary illnesses in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been associated with immune dysfunction. We have previously found that circulating monocytes from PLWH display a trained phenotype. Here, we evaluated the metabolic profile of these cells and found increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from PLWH. We additionally found that cART shifted the energy metabolism of MDMs from controls toward increased utilization of mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, both downregulation of IKAROS expression and inhibition of the mTOR pathway reversed the metabolic profile of MDMs from PLWH and cART-treated control-MDMs. Altogether, this study reveals a very specific metabolic adaptation of MDMs from PLWH, which involves an IKAROS/mTOR-dependent increase of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. We propose that this metabolic adaptation decreases the ability of these cells to respond to environmental cues by "locking" PLWH monocytes in a pro-inflammatory and activated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vittori
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Celeste Faia
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber Trauth
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center; New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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5
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De Clercq J, De Scheerder MA, Mortier V, Verhofstede C, Vandecasteele SJ, Allard SD, Necsoi C, De Wit S, Gerlo S, Vandekerckhove L. Longitudinal patterns of inflammatory mediators after acute HIV infection correlate to intact and total reservoir. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1337316. [PMID: 38250083 PMCID: PMC10796502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1337316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during acute HIV infection (AHI), residual immune activation remains a hallmark of treated HIV infection. Methods Plasma concentrations of 40 mediators were measured longitudinally in 39 early treated participants of a Belgian AHI cohort (HIV+) and in 21 HIV-negative controls (HIV-). We investigated the association of the inflammatory profile with clinical presentation, plasma viral load, immunological parameters, and in-depth characterization of the HIV reservoir. Results While levels of most soluble mediators normalized with suppressive ART, we demonstrated the persistence of a pro-inflammatory signature in early treated HIV+ participants in comparison to HIV- controls. Examination of these mediators demonstrated a correlation with their levels during AHI, which seemed to be viremia-driven, and suggested involvement of an activated myeloid compartment, IFN-γ-signaling, and inflammasome-related pathways. Interestingly, some of these pro-inflammatory mediators correlated with a larger reservoir size and slower reservoir decay. In contrast, we also identified soluble mediators which were associated with favorable effects on immunovirological outcomes and reservoir, both during and after AHI. Conclusion These data highlight how the persistent pro-inflammatory profile observed in early ART treated individuals is shaped during AHI and is intertwined with viral dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefien De Clercq
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Virginie Mortier
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Aids Reference Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Verhofstede
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Aids Reference Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sabine D Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coca Necsoi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane De Wit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gerlo
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Knoll R, Bonaguro L, dos Santos JC, Warnat-Herresthal S, Jacobs-Cleophas MCP, Blümel E, Reusch N, Horne A, Herbert M, Nuesch-Germano M, Otten T, van der Heijden WA, van de Wijer L, Shalek AK, Händler K, Becker M, Beyer MD, Netea MG, Joosten LAB, van der Ven AJAM, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC. Identification of drug candidates targeting monocyte reprogramming in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275136. [PMID: 38077315 PMCID: PMC10703486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV (PLHIV) are characterized by functional reprogramming of innate immune cells even after long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). In order to assess technical feasibility of omics technologies for application to larger cohorts, we compared multiple omics data layers. Methods Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, flow cytometry, proteomics, chromatin landscape analysis by ATAC-seq as well as ex vivo drug stimulation were performed in a small number of blood samples derived from PLHIV and healthy controls from the 200-HIV cohort study. Results Single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed that most immune cells in peripheral blood of PLHIV are altered in their transcriptomes and that a specific functional monocyte state previously described in acute HIV infection is still existing in PLHIV while other monocyte cell states are only occurring acute infection. Further, a reverse transcriptome approach on a rather small number of PLHIV was sufficient to identify drug candidates for reversing the transcriptional phenotype of monocytes in PLHIV. Discussion These scientific findings and technological advancements for clinical application of single-cell transcriptomics form the basis for the larger 2000-HIV multicenter cohort study on PLHIV, for which a combination of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics will be included as the leading technology to determine disease endotypes in PLHIV and to predict disease trajectories and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Knoll
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jéssica C. dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Warnat-Herresthal
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maartje C. P. Jacobs-Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Edda Blümel
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nico Reusch
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arik Horne
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Systems Hematology, Stem Cells & Precision Medicine, Max Delbrück Center - Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (MDCBIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Herbert
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Nuesch-Germano
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Twan Otten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Broad Institute at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of Mass General Hospital (MGH), MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Koch Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kristian Händler
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Becker
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc D. Beyer
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joachim L. Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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Kumar A, Wang J, Esterly A, Radcliffe C, Zhou H, Wyk BV, Allore HG, Tsang S, Barakat L, Mohanty S, Zhao H, Shaw AC, Zapata HJ. Dectin-1 stimulation promotes a distinct inflammatory signature in the setting of HIV-infection and aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:7866-7908. [PMID: 37606991 PMCID: PMC10497004 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Dectin-1 is an innate immune receptor that recognizes and binds β-1, 3/1, 6 glucans on fungi. We evaluated Dectin-1 function in myeloid cells in a cohort of HIV-positive and HIV-negative young and older adults. Stimulation of monocytes with β-D-glucans induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype in monocytes of HIV-infected individuals that was characterized by increased levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6, with some age-associated cytokine increases also noted. Dendritic cells showed a striking HIV-associated increase in IFN-α production. These increases in cytokine production paralleled increases in Dectin-1 surface expression in both monocytes and dendritic cells that were noted with both HIV and aging. Differential gene expression analysis showed that HIV-positive older adults had a distinct gene signature compared to other cohorts characterized by a robust TNF-α and coagulation response (increased at baseline), a persistent IFN-α and IFN-γ response, and an activated dendritic cell signature/M1 macrophage signature upon Dectin-1 stimulation. Dectin-1 stimulation induced a strong upregulation of MTORC1 signaling in all cohorts, although increased in the HIV-Older cohort (stimulation and baseline). Overall, our study demonstrates that the HIV Aging population has a distinct immune signature in response to Dectin-1 stimulation. This signature may contribute to the pro-inflammatory environment that is associated with HIV and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Kumar
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Allen Esterly
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Chris Radcliffe
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Heather G. Allore
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Sui Tsang
- Yale University Program on Aging, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Lydia Barakat
- Yale University, Yale AIDS Care Program, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
| | - Heidi J. Zapata
- Yale School of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8022, USA
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8
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Zhang Y, Andreu-Sánchez S, Vadaq N, Wang D, Matzaraki V, van der Heijden WA, Gacesa R, Weersma RK, Zhernakova A, Vandekerckhove L, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, van der Ven AJAM, Fu J. Gut dysbiosis associates with cytokine production capacity in viral-suppressed people living with HIV. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1202035. [PMID: 37583444 PMCID: PMC10425223 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are exposed to chronic immune dysregulation, even when virus replication is suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). Given the emerging role of the gut microbiome in immunity, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome may be related to the cytokine production capacity of PLHIV. Methods To test this hypothesis, we collected metagenomic data from 143 ART-treated PLHIV and assessed the ex vivo production capacity of eight different cytokines [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-γ] in response to different stimuli. We also characterized CD4+ T-cell counts, HIV reservoir, and other clinical parameters. Results Compared with 190 age- and sex-matched controls and a second independent control cohort, PLHIV showed microbial dysbiosis that was correlated with viral reservoir levels (CD4+ T-cell-associated HIV-1 DNA), cytokine production capacity, and sexual behavior. Notably, we identified two genetically different P. copri strains that were enriched in either PLHIV or healthy controls. The control-related strain showed a stronger negative association with cytokine production capacity than the PLHIV-related strain, particularly for Pam3Cys-incuded IL-6 and IL-10 production. The control-related strain is also positively associated with CD4+ T-cell level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that modulating the gut microbiome may be a strategy to modulate immune response in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daoming Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A. van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ranko Gacesa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - André J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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9
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Blaauw MJ, Cristina dos Santos J, Vadaq N, Trypsteen W, van der Heijden W, Groenendijk A, Zhang Z, Li Y, de Mast Q, Netea MG, Joosten LA, Vandekerckhove L, van der Ven A, Matzaraki V. Targeted plasma proteomics identifies MICA and IL1R1 proteins associated with HIV-1 reservoir size. iScience 2023; 26:106486. [PMID: 37091231 PMCID: PMC10113782 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 reservoir shows high variability in size and activity among virally suppressed individuals. Differences in the size of the viral reservoir may relate to differences in plasma protein concentrations. We tested whether plasma protein expression levels are associated with levels of cell-associated (CA) HIV-1 DNA and RNA in 211 virally suppressed people living with HIV (PLHIV). Plasma concentrations of FOLR1, IL1R1, MICA, and FETUB showed a positive association with CA HIV-1 RNA and DNA. Moreover, SNPs in close proximity to IL1R1 and MICA genes were found to influence the levels of CA HIV-1 RNA and DNA. We found a difference in mRNA expression of the MICA gene in homozygotes carrying the rs9348866-A allele compared to the ones carrying the G allele (p < 0.005). Overall, our findings pinpoint plasma proteins that could serve as potential targets for therapeutic interventions to lower or even eradicate cells containing CA HIV-1 RNA and DNA in PLHIV.
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10
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Teulière J, Bernard C, Bonnefous H, Martens J, Lopez P, Bapteste E. Interactomics: Dozens of Viruses, Co-evolving With Humans, Including the Influenza A Virus, may Actively Distort Human Aging. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:6989791. [PMID: 36649176 PMCID: PMC9897028 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some viruses (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus 1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) have been experimentally proposed to accelerate features of human aging and of cellular senescence. These observations, along with evolutionary considerations on viral fitness, raised the more general puzzling hypothesis that, beyond documented sources in human genetics, aging in our species may also depend on virally encoded interactions distorting our aging to the benefits of diverse viruses. Accordingly, we designed systematic network-based analyses of the human and viral protein interactomes, which unraveled dozens of viruses encoding proteins experimentally demonstrated to interact with proteins from pathways associated with human aging, including cellular senescence. We further corroborated our predictions that specific viruses interfere with human aging using published experimental evidence and transcriptomic data; identifying influenza A virus (subtype H1N1) as a major candidate age distorter, notably through manipulation of cellular senescence. By providing original evidence that viruses may convergently contribute to the evolution of numerous age-associated pathways through co-evolution, our network-based and bipartite network-based methodologies support an ecosystemic study of aging, also searching for genetic causes of aging outside a focal aging species. Our findings, predicting age distorters and targets for anti-aging therapies among human viruses, could have fundamental and practical implications for evolutionary biology, aging study, virology, medicine, and demography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo Bonnefous
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Martens
- Sciences, Normes, Démocratie (SND), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lopez
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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11
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Vos WAJW, Groenendijk AL, Blaauw MJT, van Eekeren LE, Navas A, Cleophas MCP, Vadaq N, Matzaraki V, dos Santos JC, Meeder EMG, Fröberg J, Weijers G, Zhang Y, Fu J, ter Horst R, Bock C, Knoll R, Aschenbrenner AC, Schultze J, Vanderkerckhove L, Hwandih T, Wonderlich ER, Vemula SV, van der Kolk M, de Vet SCP, Blok WL, Brinkman K, Rokx C, Schellekens AFA, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Berrevoets MAH, Stalenhoef JE, Verbon A, van Lunzen J, Netea MG, van der Ven AJAM. The 2000HIV study: Design, multi-omics methods and participant characteristics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982746. [PMID: 36605197 PMCID: PMC9809279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Even during long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) have a dysregulated immune system, characterized by persistent immune activation, accelerated immune ageing and increased risk of non-AIDS comorbidities. A multi-omics approach is applied to a large cohort of PLHIV to understand pathways underlying these dysregulations in order to identify new biomarkers and novel genetically validated therapeutic drugs targets. Methods The 2000HIV study is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of PLHIV on cART. In addition, untreated HIV spontaneous controllers were recruited. In-depth multi-omics characterization will be performed, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metagenomics, functional immunological assays and extensive immunophenotyping. Furthermore, the latent viral reservoir will be assessed through cell associated HIV-1 RNA and DNA, and full-length individual proviral sequencing on a subset. Clinical measurements include an ECG, carotid intima-media thickness and plaque measurement, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis measurement as well as psychological symptoms and recreational drug questionnaires. Additionally, considering the developing pandemic, COVID-19 history and vaccination was recorded. Participants return for a two-year follow-up visit. The 2000HIV study consists of a discovery and validation cohort collected at separate sites to immediately validate any finding in an independent cohort. Results Overall, 1895 PLHIV from four sites were included for analysis, 1559 in the discovery and 336 in the validation cohort. The study population was representative of a Western European HIV population, including 288 (15.2%) cis-women, 463 (24.4%) non-whites, and 1360 (71.8%) MSM (Men who have Sex with Men). Extreme phenotypes included 114 spontaneous controllers, 81 rapid progressors and 162 immunological non-responders. According to the Framingham score 321 (16.9%) had a cardiovascular risk of >20% in the next 10 years. COVID-19 infection was documented in 234 (12.3%) participants and 474 (25.0%) individuals had received a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The 2000HIV study established a cohort of 1895 PLHIV that employs multi-omics to discover new biological pathways and biomarkers to unravel non-AIDS comorbidities, extreme phenotypes and the latent viral reservoir that impact the health of PLHIV. The ultimate goal is to contribute to a more personalized approach to the best standard of care and a potential cure for PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wilhelm A. J. W. Vos,
| | - Albert L. Groenendijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc J. T. Blaauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Elizabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Louise E. van Eekeren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adriana Navas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Maartje C. P. Cleophas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jéssica C. dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elise M. G. Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Janeri Fröberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gert Weijers
- Medical UltraSound Imaging Center (MUSIC) Department of Medical Imaging, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yue Zhang
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rob ter Horst
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria,Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems (CeMSIIS), Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Knoll
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) eingetragener Verein (e.V.), Bonn, Germany,Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C. Aschenbrenner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) eingetragener Verein (e.V.), Bonn, Germany,Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics (PRECISE), DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linos Vanderkerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Talent Hwandih
- Medical Science Department, Sysmex Europe Societas Europaea (SE), Norderstedt, Germany
| | | | - Sai V. Vemula
- Clinical Development, ViiV Healthcare, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mike van der Kolk
- Translational Medical Research, ViiV Healthcare, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - Sterre C. P. de Vet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem L. Blok
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arnt F. A. Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marvin A. H. Berrevoets
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Elizabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Janneke E. Stalenhoef
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan van Lunzen
- Translational Medical Research, ViiV Healthcare, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andre J. A. M. van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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12
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Vadaq N, van de Wijer L, van Eekeren LE, Koenen H, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Matzaraki V, van der Ven AJAM. Targeted plasma proteomics reveals upregulation of distinct inflammatory pathways in people living with HIV. iScience 2022; 25:105089. [PMID: 36157576 PMCID: PMC9494231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) display persistent inflammation leading to non-AIDS-related co-morbidities. To better understand underlying mechanisms, we compared targeted plasma inflammatory protein concentration (n = 92) between a cohort of 192 virally suppressed PLHIV, who were followed-up for five years, and 416 healthy controls (HC). Findings were validated in an independent cohort of 649 virally suppressed PLHIV and 98 HC. Compared to HC, PLHIV exhibited distinctively upregulated inflammatory proteins, including mucosal defense chemokines, CCR5 and CXCR3 ligands, and growth factors. Unsupervised clustering of inflammatory proteins clearly differentiated PLHIV with low (n = 123) and high inflammation (n = 65), the latter having a 3.4 relative risk (95% confidence interval 1.2-9.8) to develop malignancies and trend for cardiovascular events during a 5-year follow-up. The best protein predictors discriminating the two inflammatory endotypes were PD-L1, VEGFA, LAP TGF β-1, and TNFRSF9. Our data provide insights into co-morbidities associated inflammatory changes in PLHIV on long-term ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Louise E van Eekeren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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13
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Vadaq N, Zhang Y, Meeder E, Van de Wijer L, Gasem MH, Joosten LA, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Matzaraki V, Schellekens A, Fu J, van der Ven AJ. Microbiome-Related Indole and Serotonin Metabolites are Linked to Inflammation and Psychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469221126888. [PMID: 36187510 PMCID: PMC9520182 DOI: 10.1177/11786469221126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) exhibit dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism. Altered gut microbiome composition in PLHIV might be involved. Mechanistic consequences within the 3 major tryptophan metabolism pathways (serotonin, kynurenine, and indoles), and functional consequences for platelet, immune and behavioral functions are unknown. We investigated plasma tryptophan metabolites, gut microbiome composition, and their association with platelet function, inflammation, and psychiatric symptoms. Methods: This study included 211 PLHIV on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART). Plasma tryptophan pathway metabolites were measured using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Bacterial composition was profiled using metagenomic sequencing. Platelet reactivity and serotonin levels were quantified by flowcytometry and ELISA, respectively. Circulating inflammatory markers were determined using ELISA. Symptoms of depression and impulsivity were measured by DASS-42 and BIS-11 self-report questionnaires, respectively. Results: Plasma serotonin and indole metabolites were associated with gut bacterial composition. Notably, species enriched in PLHIV were associated with 3-methyldioxyindole. Platelet serotonin concentrations were elevated in PLHIV, without effects on platelet reactivity. Plasma serotonin and indole metabolites were positively associated with plasma IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations. Finally, higher tryptophan, serotonin, and indole metabolites were associated with lower depression and anxiety, whereas higher kynurenine metabolites were associated with increased impulsivity. Conclusion: Our results suggest that gut bacterial composition and dysbiosis in PLHIV on ART contribute to tryptophan metabolism, which may have clinical consequences for immune function and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elise Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Hussein Gasem
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University-Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Leo Ab Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Jam van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute of Health Science (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Abbas F, Cenac C, Youness A, Azar P, Delobel P, Guéry JC. HIV-1 infection enhances innate function and TLR7 expression in female plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202201452. [PMID: 36271499 PMCID: PMC9441429 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that the TLR7-driven innate function of pDCs is increased in HIV/ART women and is associated with enhanced expression of the TLR7 locus from both X chromosomes. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) express TLR7, a ssRNA-sensor encoded on the X chromosome, which escapes X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in females. pDCs are specialized in the production of type 1 interferons (IFN-I) through TLR7 activation which mediates both immune cell activation and also reactivation of latent HIV-1. The effect of HIV-1 infection in women under antiretroviral therapy (ART) on pDC functional responses remains poorly understood. Here, we show that pDCs from HIV/ART women exhibit exacerbated production of IFN-α and TNF-α compared with uninfected controls (UC) upon TLR7 activation. Because TLR7 can escape XCI in female pDCs, we measured the contribution of TLR7 allelic expression using SNP haplotypic markers to rigorously tag the allele of origin of TLR7 gene at single-cell resolution. Herein, we provide evidence that the enhanced functional response of pDCs in HIV/ART women is associated with higher transcriptional activity of the TLR7 locus from both X chromosomes, rather than differences in the frequency of TLR7 biallelic cells. These data reinforce the interest in targeting the HIV-1 reservoir using TLR7 agonists in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Abbas
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Youness
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Azar
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Delobel
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use are linked to an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Immune activation persists in ART-treated people with HIV (PWH), and markers of inflammation (i.e. IL-6, C-reactive protein) predict mortality in this population. This review discusses underlying mechanisms that likely contribute to inflammation and the development of ASCVD in PWH. RECENT FINDINGS Persistent inflammation contributes to accelerated ASCVD in HIV and several new insights into the underlying immunologic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in PWH have been made (e.g. clonal haematopoiesis, trained immunity, lipidomics). We will also highlight potential pro-inflammatory mechanisms that may differ in vulnerable populations, including women, minorities and children. SUMMARY Mechanistic studies into the drivers of chronic inflammation in PWH are ongoing and may aid in tailoring effective therapeutic strategies that can reduce ASCVD risk in this population. Focus should also include factors that lead to persistent disparities in HIV care and comorbidities, including sex as a biological factor and social determinants of health. It remains unclear whether ASCVD progression in HIV is driven by unique mediators (HIV itself, ART, immunodeficiency), or if it is an accelerated version of disease progression seen in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nicholas Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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16
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Sviridov D, Miller YI, Bukrinsky MI. Trained Immunity and HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903884. [PMID: 35874772 PMCID: PMC9304701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings that certain infections induce immunity not only against the causing agent, but also against an unrelated pathogen have intrigued investigators for many years. Recently, underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon have started to come to light. It was found that the key cells responsible for heterologous protection are innate immune cells such as natural killer cells (NKs), dendritic cells, and monocytes/macrophages. These cells are 'primed' by initial infection, allowing them to provide enhanced response to subsequent infection by the same or unrelated agent. This phenomenon of innate immune memory was termed 'trained immunity'. The proposed mechanism for trained immunity involves activation by the first stimulus of metabolic pathways that lead to epigenetic changes, which maintain the cell in a "trained" state, allowing enhanced responses to a subsequent stimulus. Innate immune memory can lead either to enhanced responses or to suppression of subsequent responses ('tolerance'), depending on the strength and length of the initial stimulation of the immune cells. In the context of HIV infection, innate memory induced by infection is not well understood. In this Hypothesis and Theory article, we discuss evidence for HIV-induced trained immunity in human monocytes, its possible mechanisms, and implications for HIV-associated co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Sviridov
- Laboratory of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael I. Bukrinsky
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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17
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van Eekeren LE, Matzaraki V, Zhang Z, van de Wijer L, Blaauw MJT, de Jonge MI, Vandekerckhove L, Trypsteen W, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Koenen HJPM, Li Y, van der Ven AJAM. People with HIV have higher percentages of circulating CCR5+ CD8+ T cells and lower percentages of CCR5+ regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11425. [PMID: 35794176 PMCID: PMC9259737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR5 is the main HIV co-receptor. We aimed to (1) compare CCR5 expression on immune cells between people living with HIV (PLHIV) using combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and HIV-uninfected controls, (2) relate CCR5 expression to viral reservoir size and (3) assess determinants of CCR5 expression. This cross-sectional study included 209 PLHIV and 323 controls. Percentages of CCR5+ cells (%) and CCR5 mean fluorescence intensity assessed by flow cytometry in monocytes and lymphocyte subsets were correlated to host factors, HIV-1 cell-associated (CA)-RNA and CA-DNA, plasma inflammation markers and metabolites. Metabolic pathways were identified. PLHIV displayed higher percentages of CCR5+ monocytes and several CD8+ T cell subsets, but lower percentages of CCR5+ naive CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). HIV-1 CA-DNA and CA-RNA correlated positively with percentages of CCR5+ lymphocytes. Metabolome analysis revealed three pathways involved in energy metabolism associated with percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV. Our results indicate that CCR5 is differently expressed on various circulating immune cells in PLHIV. Hence, cell-trafficking of CD8+ T cells and Tregs may be altered in PLHIV. Associations between energy pathways and percentage of CCR5+ CD8+ T cells in PLHIV suggest higher energy demand of these cells in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E van Eekeren
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J T Blaauw
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University & Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) & TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Kettelhut A, Bowman E, Gabriel J, Hand B, Liyanage NPM, Kulkarni M, Avila-Soto F, Lake JE, Funderburg NT. Estrogen May Enhance Toll-Like Receptor 4-Induced Inflammatory Pathways in People With HIV: Implications for Transgender Women on Hormone Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879600. [PMID: 35720418 PMCID: PMC9205606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transgender women (TW) are at increased risk for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV has been associated with a two-fold increased risk of CVD, potentially due to dysregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced immune activation. Use of estrogens in feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) may enhance inflammatory responses and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in TW. Despite this, the immunomodulatory effects of estrogen use in TW with HIV have been inadequately explored. Methods As an in vitro model for FHT, cryopreserved PBMCs (cryoPBMCs) from HIV negative (HIV-), HIV+ ART-suppressed (HIV+SP), and HIV+ ART-unsuppressed (HIV+USP) cisgender men were cultured overnight in the presence of 17-β estradiol or 17-α ethinylestradiol with and without the TLR4 agonist LPS or the TLR8 agonist ssPolyU. Monocyte activation (CD69, HLA-DR, CD38) was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) were measured in cell culture supernatants by Legendplex. Levels of phosphorylated TLR signaling molecules (JNK, MAPK p38) were assessed by Phosflow. Plasma levels of immune activation biomarkers (LPS-binding protein, monocyte activation markers sCD14 and sCD163, and inflammatory molecules IL-6 and TNF-α receptor I) were measured by ELISA. Results PBMCs from people with HIV (PWH) produced greater levels of inflammatory cytokines following exposure to LPS or ssPolyU compared to levels from cells of HIV- individuals. While estrogen exposure alone induced mild changes in immune activation, LPS-induced TLR4 activation was elevated with estrogen in cisgender men (CM) with HIV, increasing monocyte activation and inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α). Interestingly, testosterone inhibited LPS-induced cytokine production in CM regardless of HIV status. Plasma markers of immune activation and microbial translocation (e.g., sCD14, sCD163, LPS-binding protein) were generally higher in PWH compared to HIV- CM, and these markers were positively associated with in vitro responsiveness to estrogen and LPS in CM with HIV. Conclusions Our in vitro data suggest that estrogen exposure may enhance innate immune activation in PWH. Further examination is needed to fully understand the complex interactions of FHT, HIV, and CVD in TW, and determine optimal FHT regimens or supplementary treatments aimed at reducing excess immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaren Kettelhut
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emily Bowman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brittany Hand
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Namal P. M. Liyanage
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Frances Avila-Soto
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan E. Lake
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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19
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Kischkel B, Lopes-Bezerra L, Taborda CP, A. B. Joosten L, Cristina dos Santos J, Netea MG. Differential recognition and cytokine induction by the peptidorhamnomannan from Sporothrix brasiliensis and S. schenckii. Cell Immunol 2022; 378:104555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Navigating the complexity of chronic HIV-1 associated immune dysregulation. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 76:102186. [PMID: 35567953 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy, chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with ongoing immune dysfunction. Investigation of the complex immune response in treated and untreated individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection is warranted. Immune alterations such as monocyte phenotype and Th-17/Treg ratios often persist years after the reduction in viraemia and predispose many individuals to long-term comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease or cancer. Furthermore, while there has been extensive research on the latent reservoir of treated patients with chronic HIV-1, which prevents the discontinuation of treatment, the mechanism behind this remains elusive and needs further investigation. In this review, we assist in navigating the recent research on these groups of individuals and provide a basis for further investigation.
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21
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Munhoz LGC, De Moraes-Pinto MI. Cytokines in HIV infection: different methods of assessment require different interpretations. AIDS 2022; 36:907-908. [PMID: 35506269 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Cano Munhoz
- Research Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics at Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Hu Z, Lu S, Lowrie DB, Fan X. Trained immunity: A Yin-Yang balance. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e121. [PMID: 35281787 PMCID: PMC8906449 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, immune memory is regarded as an exclusive hallmark of adaptive immunity. However, a growing body of evidence suggesting that innate immune cells show adaptive characteristics has challenged this dogma. In the past decade, trained immunity, a de facto innate immune memory, has been defined as a long-term functional reprogramming of cells of the innate immune system: the reprogramming is evoked by endogenous or exogenous insults, the cells return to a nonactivated state and subsequently show altered inflammatory responses against a second challenge. Trained immunity became regarded as a mechanism selected in evolution to protect against infection; however, a maladaptive effect might result in hyperinflammation. This dual effect is consistent with the Yin-Yang theory in traditional Chinese philosophy, in which Yang represents active, positive, and aggressive factors, whereas Yin represents passive, negative, and inhibitory factors. In this review, we give a brief overview of history and latest progress about trained immunity, including experimental models, inductors, molecular mechanisms, clinical application and so on. Moreover, this is the first time to put forward the theory of Yin-Yang balance to understand trained immunity. We envision that more efforts will be focused on developing novel immunotherapies targeting trained immunity in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOHFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shui‐Hua Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOHFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases of ChinaShenzhen Third People Hospital, South Science & Technology UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Douglas B. Lowrie
- National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases of ChinaShenzhen Third People Hospital, South Science & Technology UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiao‐Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOHFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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23
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Faia C, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Vittori C, Wyczechowska D, Lassak A, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Attenuated Negative Feedback in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages From Persons Living With HIV: A Role for IKAROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785905. [PMID: 34917094 PMCID: PMC8668949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing secondary illnesses than their uninfected counterparts, suggestive of a dysfunctional immune system in these individuals. Upon exposure to pathogens, monocytes undergo epigenetic remodeling that results in either a trained or a tolerant phenotype, characterized by hyper-responsiveness or hypo-responsiveness to secondary stimuli, respectively. We utilized CD14+ monocytes from virally suppressed PLWH and healthy controls for in vitro analysis following polarization of these cells toward a pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype. We found that in PLWH-derived MDMs, pro-inflammatory signals (TNFA, IL6, IL1B, miR-155-5p, and IDO1) dominate over negative feedback signals (NCOR2, GSN, MSC, BIN1, and miR-146a-5p), favoring an abnormally trained phenotype. The mechanism of this reduction in negative feedback involves the attenuated expression of IKZF1, a transcription factor required for de novo synthesis of RELA during LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, restoring IKZF1 expression in PLWH-MDMs partially reinstated expression of negative regulators of inflammation and lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this mechanism may provide a link between dysfunctional immune responses and susceptibility to co-morbidities in PLWH with low or undetectable viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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24
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Meeder E, Matzaraki V, Vadaq N, van de Wijer L, van der Ven A, Schellekens A. Unbiased Metabolomics Links Fatty Acid Pathways to Psychiatric Symptoms in People Living with HIV. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235466. [PMID: 34884168 PMCID: PMC8658345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms are prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH), especially depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and substance use. Various biological mechanisms might play a role in the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in this population. A hypothesis free, data-driven metabolomics approach can further our understanding of these mechanisms. In this study, we identified metabolic pathways associated with impulsivity, depression and substance use in 157 PLWH. First, Spearman’s rank correlations between metabolite feature intensities and psychiatric symptom levels were calculated, while controlling for age, gender and body mass index. Subsequently, a mummichog pathway analysis was performed. Finally, we analyzed which individual metabolites drove the observed effects. In our cohort of PLWH, fatty acid-related pathways were associated with both depressive as well as impulsive symptomatology. Substance use showed most extensive metabolic associations, and was positively associated with short chain fatty acids (SCFA’s), and negatively associated with glutamate levels. These findings suggest that PUFA metabolism might be associated with both internalising and externalising symptomatology in PLWH. Furthermore, glutamate and SCFA’s—microbiome derivatives with known neuroactive properties—might be involved in substance use in these patients. Future studies should explore potential causal mechanisms involved and whether these findings are HIV-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-648-021-927
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.M.); (N.V.); (L.v.d.W.); (A.v.d.V.)
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.M.); (N.V.); (L.v.d.W.); (A.v.d.V.)
- Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang 1269, Indonesia
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.M.); (N.V.); (L.v.d.W.); (A.v.d.V.)
| | - André van der Ven
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (V.M.); (N.V.); (L.v.d.W.); (A.v.d.V.)
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), Radboud University, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Zhang Z, Trypsteen W, Blaauw M, Chu X, Rutsaert S, Vandekerckhove L, van der Heijden W, Dos Santos JC, Xu CJ, Swertz MA, van der Ven A, Li Y. IRF7 and RNH1 are modifying factors of HIV-1 reservoirs: a genome-wide association analysis. BMC Med 2021; 19:282. [PMID: 34781942 PMCID: PMC8594146 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) cannot eradicate HIV-1 from the body due to the establishment of persisting viral reservoirs which are not affected by therapy and reinitiate new rounds of HIV-1 replication after treatment interruption. These HIV-1 reservoirs mainly comprise long-lived resting memory CD4+ T cells and are established early after infection. There is a high variation in the size of these viral reservoirs among virally suppressed individuals. Identification of host factors that contribute to or can explain this observed variation could open avenues for new HIV-1 treatment strategies. METHODS In this study, we conducted a genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to probe functionally relevant genetic variants linked to levels of cell-associated (CA) HIV-1 DNA, CA HIV-1 RNA, and RNA:DNA ratio in CD4+ T cells isolated from blood from a cohort of 207 (Caucasian) people living with HIV-1 (PLHIV) on long-term suppressive antiretroviral treatment (median = 6.6 years). CA HIV-1 DNA and CA HIV-1 RNA levels were measured with corresponding droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays, and genotype information of 522,455 single-nucleotide variants was retrieved via the Infinium Global Screening array platform. RESULTS The analysis resulted in one significant association with CA HIV-1 DNA (rs2613996, P < 5 × 10-8) and two suggestive associations with RNA:DNA ratio (rs7113204 and rs7817589, P < 5 × 10-7). Then, we prioritized PTDSS2, IRF7, RNH1, and DEAF1 as potential HIV-1 reservoir modifiers and validated that higher expressions of IRF7 and RNH1 were accompanied by rs7113204-G. Moreover, RNA:DNA ratio, indicating relative HIV-1 transcription activity, was lower in PLHIV carrying this variant. CONCLUSIONS The presented data suggests that the amount of CA HIV-1 DNA and RNA:DNA ratio can be influenced through PTDSS2, RNH1, and IRF7 that were anchored by our genome-wide association analysis. Further, these observations reveal potential host genetic factors affecting the size and transcriptional activity of HIV-1 reservoirs and could indicate new targets for HIV-1 therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Blaauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sofie Rutsaert
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jéssica Cristina Dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525HP, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, CiiM, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany. .,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Ramendra R, Mancini M, Ayala JM, Tung LT, Isnard S, Lin J, Routy JP, Nijnik A, Langlais D. Glutathione Metabolism Is a Regulator of the Acute Inflammatory Response of Monocytes to (1→3)-β-D-Glucan. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694152. [PMID: 34858388 PMCID: PMC8631827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) represents a potent pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in triggering the host response to fungal and some bacterial infections. Monocytes play a key role in recognizing BDG and governing the acute host response to infections. However, the mechanisms regulating monocyte's acute response to BDG are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the response of monocytes to BDG at the epigenetic, transcriptomic, and molecular levels. Response of human monocytes to 1, 4, and 24 hours of BDG exposure was investigated using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, H3K27ac and H3K4me1 ChIP-seq. We show that pathways including glutathione metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle were upregulated at the epigenetic and transcriptomic levels in response to BDG exposure. Strikingly, unlike bacterial lipopolysaccharides, BDG induced intracellular glutathione synthesis. BDG exposure also induced NADP synthesis, increased NADPH/NADP ratio, and increased expression of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway in a GSH-dependent manner. By inhibiting GSH synthesis with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) before BDG exposure we show that the GSH pathway promotes cell survival and regulates monocyte's effector functions including NO production, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. In summary, our work demonstrates that BDG induces glutathione synthesis and metabolism in monocytes, which is a major promoter of the acute functional response of monocytes to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayoun Ramendra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose-Mauricio Ayala
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Waters LJ, Psomas CK, Barber TJ. Key highlights from the international AIDS society (IAS) conference 2021. J Virus Erad 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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28
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van der Heijden WA, van Deuren RC, van de Wijer L, van den Munckhof ICL, Steehouwer M, Riksen NP, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Vandekerckhove L, de Voer RM, van der Ven AJ, Hoischen A. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with low CD4 nadir and increased residual HIV transcriptional activity in virally suppressed individuals with HIV. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:1339-1347. [PMID: 34417800 PMCID: PMC9016425 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis, a common age-related phenomenon marked by expansion of cells with clonal hematopoiesis driver mutations, has been associated with all-cause mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. People with HIV (PWH) are at risk for non-AIDS–related comorbidities such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cancer. In a cross-sectional cohort study, we compared clonal hematopoiesis prevalence in PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy with prevalence in a cohort of overweight individuals and a cohort of age- and sex-matched population controls. The prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis adjusted for age was increased and clone size was larger in PWH compared to population controls. Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with low CD4 nadir, increased residual HIV-1 transcriptional activity, and coagulation factors in PWH. Future studies on the effect of clonal hematopoiesis on the HIV reservoir and non-AIDS–related comorbidities are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosanne C van Deuren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Inge C L van den Munckhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marloes Steehouwer
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andre J van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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29
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Van de Wijer L, van der Heijden WA, Ter Horst R, Jaeger M, Trypsteen W, Rutsaert S, van Cranenbroek B, van Rijssen E, Joosten I, Joosten L, Vandekerckhove L, Schoofs T, van Lunzen J, Netea MG, Koenen HJPM, van der Ven AJAM, de Mast Q. The Architecture of Circulating Immune Cells Is Dysregulated in People Living With HIV on Long Term Antiretroviral Treatment and Relates With Markers of the HIV-1 Reservoir, Cytomegalovirus, and Microbial Translocation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661990. [PMID: 33953724 PMCID: PMC8091964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term changes in the immune system of successfully treated people living with HIV (PLHIV) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed 108 white blood cell (WBC) populations in a cohort of 211 PLHIV on stable antiretroviral therapy and in 56 HIV-uninfected controls using flow cytometry. We show that marked differences exist in T cell maturation and differentiation between PLHIV and HIV-uninfected controls: PLHIV had reduced percentages of CD4+ T cells and naïve T cells and increased percentages of CD8+ T cells, effector T cells, and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, together with increased Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) ratios. PLHIV also exhibited altered B cell maturation with reduced percentages of memory B cells and increased numbers of plasmablasts. Determinants of the T and B cell composition in PLHIV included host factors (age, sex, and smoking), markers of the HIV reservoir, and CMV serostatus. Moreover, higher circulating Th17 percentages were associated with higher plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL) 6, soluble CD14, the gut homing chemokine CCL20, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP). The changes in circulating lymphocytes translated into functional changes with reduced interferon (IFN)- γ responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to stimulation with Candida albicans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis confirms the importance of persistent abnormalities in the number and function of circulating immune cells in PLHIV on stable treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van de Wijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Horst
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rutsaert
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram van Cranenbroek
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther van Rijssen
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Linos Vandekerckhove
- HIV Cure Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences 12 Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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30
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Isnard S, Lin J, Bu S, Fombuena B, Royston L, Routy JP. Gut Leakage of Fungal-Related Products: Turning Up the Heat for HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656414. [PMID: 33912183 PMCID: PMC8071945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial layer serves as a physical and functional barrier between the microbiota in the lumen and immunologically active submucosa. Th17 T-cell function protects the gut epithelium from aggression from microbes and their by-products. Loss of barrier function has been associated with enhanced translocation of microbial products which act as endotoxins, leading to local and systemic immune activation. Whereas the inflammatory role of LPS produced by Gram-negative bacteria has been extensively studied, the role of fungal products such as β-D-glucan remains only partially understood. As HIV infection is characterized by impaired gut Th17 function and increased gut permeability, we critically review mechanisms of immune activation related to fungal translocation in this viral infection. Additionally, we discuss markers of fungal translocation for diagnosis and monitoring of experimental treatment responses. Targeting gut barrier dysfunction and reducing fungal translocation are emerging strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated inflammation and may prove useful in other inflammatory chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simeng Bu
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brandon Fombuena
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Léna Royston
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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