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Giorgi Rossi P, Mancuso P, Pattacini P, Campari C, Nitrosi A, Iotti V, Ponti A, Frigerio A, Correale L, Riggi E, Giordano L, Segnan N, Di Leo G, Magni V, Sardanelli F, Fornasa F, Romanucci G, Montemezzi S, Falini P, Auzzi N, Zappa M, Ottone M, Mantellini P, Duffy SW, Armaroli P, Coriani C, Pescarolo M, Stefanelli G, Tondelli G, Beretti F, Caffarri S, Marchesi V, Canovi L, Colli M, Boschini M, Bertolini M, Ragazzi M, Pattacini P, Giorgi Rossi P, Iotti V, Ginocchi V, Ravaioli S, Vacondio R, Campari C, Caroli S, Nitrosi A, Braglia L, Cavuto S, Mancuso P, Djuric O, Venturelli F, Vicentini M, Braghiroli MB, Lonetti J, Davoli E, Bonelli E, Fornasa F, Montemezzi S, Romanucci G, Lucchi I, Martello G, Rossati C, Mantellini P, Ambrogetti D, Iossa A, Carnesciali E, Mazzalupo V, Falini P, Puliti D, Zappa M, Battisti F, Auzzi N, Verdi S, Degl'Innocenti C, Tramalloni D, Cavazza E, Busoni S, Betti E, Peruzzi F, Regini F, Sardanelli F, Di Leo G, Carbonaro LA, Magni V, Cozzi A, Spinelli D, Monaco CG, Schiaffino S, Benedek A, Menicagli L, Ferraris R, Favettini E, Dettori D, Falco P, Presti P, Segnan N, Ponti A, Frigerio A, Armaroli P, Correale L, Marra V, Milanesio L, Artuso F, Di Leo A, Castellano I, Riggi E, Casella D, Pitarella S, Vergini V, Giordano L, Duffy SW, Graewingholt A, Lang K, Falcini F. Comparing accuracy of tomosynthesis plus digital mammography or synthetic 2D mammography in breast cancer screening: baseline results of the MAITA RCT consortium. Eur J Cancer 2024; 199:113553. [PMID: 38262307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM The analyses here reported aim to compare the screening performance of digital tomosynthesis (DBT) versus mammography (DM). METHODS MAITA is a consortium of four Italian trials, REtomo, Proteus, Impeto, and MAITA trial. The trials adopted a two-arm randomised design comparing DBT plus DM (REtomo and Proteus) or synthetic-2D (Impeto and MAITA trial) versus DM; multiple vendors were included. Women aged 45 to 69 years were individually randomised to one round of DBT or DM. FINDINGS From March 2014 to February 2022, 50,856 and 63,295 women were randomised to the DBT and DM arm, respectively. In the DBT arm, 6656 women were screened with DBT plus synthetic-2D. Recall was higher in the DBT arm (5·84% versus 4·96%), with differences between centres. With DBT, 0·8/1000 (95% CI 0·3 to 1·3) more women received surgical treatment for a benign lesion. The detection rate was 51% higher with DBT, ie. 2·6/1000 (95% CI 1·7 to 3·6) more cancers detected, with a similar relative increase for invasive cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ. The results were similar below and over the age of 50, at first and subsequent rounds, and with DBT plus DM and DBT plus synthetic-2D. No learning curve was appreciable. Detection of cancers >= 20 mm, with 2 or more positive lymph nodes, grade III, HER2-positive, or triple-negative was similar in the two arms. INTERPRETATION Results from MAITA confirm that DBT is superior to DM for the detection of cancers, with a possible increase in recall rate. DBT performance in screening should be assessed locally while waiting for long-term follow-up results on the impact of advanced cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cinzia Campari
- Screening coordinating centre, AUSL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Nitrosi
- Medical Physics unit, AUSL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ponti
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Frigerio
- SSD Senologia di Screening AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Correale
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Riggi
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Livia Giordano
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Nereo Segnan
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- IRCC Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Magni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- IRCC Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornasa
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romanucci
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Falini
- ISPRO - Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
| | - Noemi Auzzi
- ISPRO - Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Zappa
- ISPRO - Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, AUSL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paola Mantellini
- ISPRO - Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Paola Armaroli
- SSD Epidemiologia e Screening. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, CPO Piemonte Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Fornasa
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Romanucci
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lucchi
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | - Gessica Martello
- Breast Unit ULSS9 Scaligera, Ospedale Fracastoro, Via Circonvallazione, 1, 37047 San Bonifacio, VR, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Di Leo
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Magni
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Spinelli
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Adrienn Benedek
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Menicagli
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Axel Graewingholt
- Mammographiescreening-Zentrum Paderborn, Breast Cancer Screening, Paderborn, NRW, Germany
| | - Kristina Lang
- Departement of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Unilabs Mammography Unit, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Vittori C, Faia C, Wyczechowska D, Trauth A, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. IKAROS expression drives the aberrant metabolic phenotype of macrophages in chronic HIV infection. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109915. [PMID: 38286172 PMCID: PMC10922842 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk for acquiring secondary illnesses in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been associated with immune dysfunction. We have previously found that circulating monocytes from PLWH display a trained phenotype. Here, we evaluated the metabolic profile of these cells and found increased mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from PLWH. We additionally found that cART shifted the energy metabolism of MDMs from controls toward increased utilization of mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, both downregulation of IKAROS expression and inhibition of the mTOR pathway reversed the metabolic profile of MDMs from PLWH and cART-treated control-MDMs. Altogether, this study reveals a very specific metabolic adaptation of MDMs from PLWH, which involves an IKAROS/mTOR-dependent increase of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. We propose that this metabolic adaptation decreases the ability of these cells to respond to environmental cues by "locking" PLWH monocytes in a pro-inflammatory and activated phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vittori
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Celeste Faia
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amber Trauth
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center; New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Ingraham CH, Stalinska J, Carson SC, Colley SB, Rak M, Lassak A, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Jursic BS. Computational modeling and synthesis of pyridine variants of benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide with high glioblastoma cytotoxicity and brain tumor penetration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12236. [PMID: 37507404 PMCID: PMC10382599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are highly aggressive brain tumors for which therapeutic options are very limited. In a quest for new anti-glioblastoma drugs, we focused on specific structural modifications to the benzoyl-phenoxy-acetamide (BPA) structure present in a common lipid-lowering drug, fenofibrate, and in our first prototype glioblastoma drug, PP1. Here, we propose extensive computational analyses to improve the selection of the most effective glioblastoma drug candidates. Initially, over 100 structural BPA variations were analyzed and their physicochemical properties, such as water solubility (- logS), calculated partition coefficient (ClogP), probability for BBB crossing (BBB_SCORE), probability for CNS penetration (CNS-MPO) and calculated cardiotoxicity (hERG), were evaluated. This integrated approach allowed us to select pyridine variants of BPA that show improved BBB penetration, water solubility, and low cardiotoxicity. Herein the top 24 compounds were synthesized and analyzed in cell culture. Six of them demonstrated glioblastoma toxicity with IC50 ranging from 0.59 to 3.24 µM. Importantly, one of the compounds, HR68, accumulated in the brain tumor tissue at 3.7 ± 0.5 µM, which exceeds its glioblastoma IC50 (1.17 µM) by over threefold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Ingraham
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- WayPath Pharma, New Orleans BioInnovation Center (NOBIC), 1441 Canal Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Joanna Stalinska
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sean C Carson
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA
| | - Susan B Colley
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Grants and Development Office, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Monika Rak
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Adam Lassak
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Neurological Cancer Research, Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- WayPath Pharma, New Orleans BioInnovation Center (NOBIC), 1441 Canal Str., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Branko S Jursic
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA.
- Stepharm LLC., PO Box 24220, New Orleans, LA, 70184, USA.
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Wyczechowska D, Harch PG, Mullenix S, Fannin ES, Chiappinelli BB, Jeansonne D, Lassak A, Bazan NG, Peruzzi F. Serum microRNAs associated with concussion in football players. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1155479. [PMID: 37144000 PMCID: PMC10151480 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1155479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mild TBI)/concussion is a common sports injury, especially common in football players. Repeated concussions are thought to lead to long-term brain damage including chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). With the worldwide growing interest in studying sport-related concussion the search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and progression of neuronal injury has also became priority. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Due to their high stability in biological fluids, microRNAs can serve as biomarkers in a variety of diseases including pathologies of the nervous system. In this exploratory study, we have evaluated changes in the expression of selected serum miRNAs in collegiate football players obtained during a full practice and game season. We found a miRNA signature that can distinguish with good specificity and sensitivity players with concussions from non-concussed players. Furthermore, we found miRNAs associated with the acute phase (let-7c-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-154-5p, miR-431-5p, miR-151a-5p, miR-181d-5p, miR-487b-3p, miR-377-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-22-3p, and miR-126-5p) and those whose changes persist up to 4 months after concussion (miR-17-5p and miR-22-3p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wyczechowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Paul G. Harch
- Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Shelly Mullenix
- LSU Athletics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Erin S. Fannin
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Brenda B. Chiappinelli
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G. Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Francesca Peruzzi
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Vittori C, Yousefi H, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Abstract 1545: The cytostatic effect of miR-3189-3p in triple negative breast cancer cells involves inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously characterized a microRNA, miR-3189-3p, with potent anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), two of the most aggressive types of tumors. Intriguingly, while miR-3189-3p inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma and TNBC cells, it does not induce apoptosis. The BCL2 family of proteins controls mitochondrial-mediated cell death through binding affinity and abundance of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of the cytostatic effect of miR-3189-3p on MDA-MB-231 cells and found that the BCL2-family members and pro-apoptotic factors BAK1, BMF, and HRK, which are predicted gene target of this miRNA, are indeed downregulated by the miRNA mimic. In addition, we found that expression of miR-3189-3p improved the metabolic fitness of TNBC cells through increasing both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Ongoing experiments are aimed at understanding how changes in the metabolic profile and cytostatic activity of miR-3189-3p could be used for therapeutic intervention against this aggressive tumor.
Citation Format: Cecilia Vittori, Hassan Yousefi, Krzysztof Reiss, Francesca Peruzzi. The cytostatic effect of miR-3189-3p in triple negative breast cancer cells involves inhibition of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1545.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vittori
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- 1Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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Ibba SV, Luu HH, Ghonim M, Vittori C, Dean MJ, Monticone G, Peruzzi F, Ochoa A, Miele L, Boulares HA. Abstract 4211: Minocycline-based metronomic therapy as a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and reduce tumor burden in mouse models of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite the availability of numerous new therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors, patients with colon cancer are faced with limited treatment options. We recently demonstrated that low metronomic dose of PARP inhibitor synergizes with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, in part, by modulating the suppressive function of MDSCs via a reduction in Arg1 and iNOS but independently of DNA damage and STING (PMC7839867). The non-antibiotic properties of minocycline (Mc) include its ability to moderately inhibit PARP. We took advantage of Mc as a weak PARP inhibitor to explore its potential on tumorigenesis and immune suppression in colon cancer models. In this study, we show that Mc significantly reduced Arg1 and iNOS in bone marrow (BM)-derived MDSCs both at the mRNA and protein levels. Paradoxically, such strong effect did not culminate in a substantial modulation of MDSCs suppressive function as assessed by co-cultured anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated CFSE-labeled T cells proliferation. However and similarly to PARP inhibitors, Mc increased PD-L1 expression in several cell types. We thus speculated that the antibiotic might enhance anti-cancer immunotherapy and explored such potential in a MC-38 and CT-26 cell-based mouse models of colon cancer representing the MSI and MSS traits of the disease. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with low metronomic doses of Mc (0.5 or 5mkg) promoted a substantial reduction in tumor size in the MC-38 cell-based model (MSI) without an apparent superiority of any of the two doses. Surprisingly, neither dose of Mc exerted appreciable effects on tumor size in the CT-26 cell-based model (MSS). The anti-tumor effect of Mc in the MSI model was associated with a significant reduction in intratumoral monocytic-MDSC population. While MDSCs harvested from tumors of control mice re-infiltrated ex vivo generated MC-38 cell-based organoids, MDSCs harvested from tumors of Mc-treated mice failed to re-infiltrate the organoids. This suggests that Mc may interfere with MDSCs intratumorally infiltration. The Mc concentrations used in this study exerted little to no effect on bacterial growth suggesting that the observed effects were independent of the antibiotic properties of the drug. Unlike the effects observed in vitro, Mc treatment reduced intratumoral PD-L1 while increasing IFNγ. The discrepancy may be associated with intratumoral stress condition as assessed by Chop protein levels and reproduced in vitro by serum starvation. Although the metronomic Mc dose and anti-PD1 administration caused a significant reduction in tumor size individually, the combination therapy promoted a 66.7% curing of the tumors. Our results propose repurposing Mc at metronomic doses as a new approach to enhance efficacy of immunotherapy for patients with MSI colon cancer.
Citation Format: Salome V. Ibba, Hanh H. Luu, Mohamed Ghonim, Cecilia Vittori, Matthew J. Dean, Giulia Monticone, Francesca Peruzzi, Augusto Ochoa, Lucio Miele, Hamid A. Boulares. Minocycline-based metronomic therapy as a novel approach to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and reduce tumor burden in mouse models of colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 4211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome V. Ibba
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Hanh H. Luu
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Mohamed Ghonim
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Matthew J. Dean
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Giulia Monticone
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Augusto Ochoa
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lucio Miele
- 1Louisiana State University-Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
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Vittori C, Jeansonne D, Yousefi H, Faia C, Lin Z, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Mechanisms of miR-3189-3p-mediated inhibition of c-MYC translation in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:204. [PMID: 35642054 PMCID: PMC9158314 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2. Our lab previously characterized miR-3189-3p as a microRNA with potent anti-cancer activity against glioblastoma. Here, we hypothesized a similar activity in TNBC cells. As miR-3189-3p is predicted to target a variety of RNA binding proteins, we further hypothesized an inhibitory effect of this miRNA on protein synthesis. METHODS MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were used to investigate the effect of miR-3189-3p on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. TGCA database was used to analyze the expression of miR-3189-3p, c-MYC, 4EPB1, and eIF4E in breast cancer. Western blotting and RT-qPCR assays were used to assess the expression of selected proteins and RNAs after transfections. RESULTS Although c-MYC is not a predicted gene target for miR-3189-3p, we discovered that c-MYC protein is downregulated in miRNA-treated TNBC cells. We found that the downregulation of c-MYC by miR-3189-3p occurs in both normal growth conditions and in the absence of serum. The mechanism involved the direct inhibition of eIF4EBP1 by miR-3189-3p. Additionally, we found that miR-3189-3p could negatively affect cap-independent translation mediated by internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) or by m6A. Finally, miR-3189-3p sensitized TNBC cells to doxorubicin. CONCLUSION Overall, results indicated that miR-3189-3p exerts its anti-tumor activity through targeting translational regulatory proteins leading to an impairment in c-MYC translation, and possibly other oncogenic factors, suggesting that miR-3189-3p, alone or in combination, could be a valuable therapeutic approach against a malignancy with few treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vittori
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Department of Biochemistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St., New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Celeste Faia
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Zhen Lin
- grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- grid.279863.10000 0000 8954 1233Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA USA
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8
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Faia C, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Vittori C, Wyczechowska D, Lassak A, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Attenuated Negative Feedback in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages From Persons Living With HIV: A Role for IKAROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785905. [PMID: 34917094 PMCID: PMC8668949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing secondary illnesses than their uninfected counterparts, suggestive of a dysfunctional immune system in these individuals. Upon exposure to pathogens, monocytes undergo epigenetic remodeling that results in either a trained or a tolerant phenotype, characterized by hyper-responsiveness or hypo-responsiveness to secondary stimuli, respectively. We utilized CD14+ monocytes from virally suppressed PLWH and healthy controls for in vitro analysis following polarization of these cells toward a pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype. We found that in PLWH-derived MDMs, pro-inflammatory signals (TNFA, IL6, IL1B, miR-155-5p, and IDO1) dominate over negative feedback signals (NCOR2, GSN, MSC, BIN1, and miR-146a-5p), favoring an abnormally trained phenotype. The mechanism of this reduction in negative feedback involves the attenuated expression of IKZF1, a transcription factor required for de novo synthesis of RELA during LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, restoring IKZF1 expression in PLWH-MDMs partially reinstated expression of negative regulators of inflammation and lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this mechanism may provide a link between dysfunctional immune responses and susceptibility to co-morbidities in PLWH with low or undetectable viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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9
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Boraschi P, Turini F, Donati F, Peruzzi F, Bartolucci A, Roffi N, Colombatto P, Urbani L. Hepatic adrenal rest tumor in a patient with multifactorial liver cirrhosis: a case report with CT and MRI findings and pathologic correlation. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Adrenal rest tumor is an ectopic collection of adrenocortical cells in an extra-adrenal site, more frequently located around the kidney, retroperitoneum, spermatic cord, para-testicular region and broad ligament, but very rarely occurring also in the liver. Hepatic adrenal rest tumor poses a diagnostic challenge in differentiating it from hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly in a cirrhotic liver.
Case presentation
An 83-years-old male was referred to our hospital by his family doctor for hepatological evaluation due to multifactorial liver cirrhosis. Ultrasound revealed a centimetric hypoechoic nodule in the VI hepatic segment in the context of a liver with signs of cirrhosis and steatosis. The patient first underwent MRI and then CT, which showed a fat containing focal liver lesion in the subcapsular location of the right lobe, strictly adjacent to the homolateral adrenal gland. The nodule was hypervascular in the arterial phase, washed out in the portal-venous and transitional phases, resulting hypointense in the hepato-biliary phase at MR imaging. In the suspicion of a hepatocellular carcinoma, the nodule was surgically removed, and the patient’s postoperative course was unremarkable. The final histopathological diagnosis was of adrenal rest tumor of the liver.
Conclusions
Hepatic adrenal rest tumor is an extremely rare hepatic tumor, often without any clinical manifestation, that can also occur in the cirrhotic liver as in our case. Although there are not specific imaging findings, the possible diagnosis of HART should be considered when we observe a well-defined lesion in the subcapsular location of the right lobe, with fat containing, hypervascularity after contrast medium injection and vascular supply from the right hepatic artery.
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10
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Brancato B, Peruzzi F, Saieva C, Schiaffino S, Catarzi S, Risso GG, Cozzi A, Carriero S, Calabrese M, Montemezzi S, Zuiani C, Sardanelli F. Mammography self-evaluation online test for screening readers: an Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM) initiative. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:1624-1633. [PMID: 34480624 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08241-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report and analyse the characteristics and performance of the first cohort of Italian radiologists completing the national mammography self-evaluation online test established by the Italian Society of Medical Radiology (SIRM). METHODS A specifically-built dataset of 132 mammograms (24 with screen-detected cancers and 108 negative cases) was preliminarily tested on 48 radiologists to define pass thresholds (62% sensitivity and 86% specificity) and subsequently made available online to SIRM members during a 13-month timeframe between 2018 and 2019. Associations between participants' characteristics, pass rates, and diagnostic accuracy were then investigated with descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 342 radiologists completed the test, 151/342 (44.2%) with success. All individual variables, except gender, showed a significant correlation with pass rates and diagnostic sensitivity, confirmed by univariate logistic regression, while only involvement in organised screening programs and number of mammograms read per year showed a positive association with specificity at univariate logistic regression. In the multivariable regression analysis, fewer variables remained significant: > 3000 mammograms read per year for success rate; female gender, public practice setting, and higher experience self-judgement for sensitivity; no variables were significantly associated with specificity. CONCLUSIONS This national self-evaluation test effectively differentiated multiple aspects of mammographic reading experience, but specific breast imaging experience was shown not to strictly guarantee good diagnostic accuracy. Due to its easy use and the validity of obtained results, this test could be extended to all Italian breast radiologists, regardless of their experience, also as a Breast Unit accreditation criterion. KEY POINTS • This self-evaluation test was found to be able to differentiate various degrees of mammographic interpretation experience. • Breast cancer screening readers should undergo a self-assessment test, since experience parameters alone do not guarantee diagnostic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Brancato
- Unit of Breast Imaging, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica - ISPRO, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Molecular and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica - ISPRO, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Schiaffino
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Sandra Catarzi
- Unit of Breast Imaging, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica - ISPRO, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gemma Risso
- Unit of Breast Imaging, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica - ISPRO, Via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Carriero
- Postgraduate School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- Unit of Breast Imaging, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- Radiology Unit - Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zuiani
- Department of Medical Area - Institute of Radiology, Università degli Studi di Udine, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milano, Italy
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11
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Abstract
Neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV-1 infection affect more than half of persons living with HIV (PLWH) under retroviral therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and the complex cellular network communication underlying neurological dysfunction is critical for the development of an effective therapy. As with other neurological disorders, challenges to studying HIV infection of the brain include limited access to clinical samples and proper reproducibility of the complexity of brain networks in cellular and animal models. This review focuses on cellular models used to investigate various aspects of neurological dysfunction associated with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Faia
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and S Stanley Scott Cancer Center
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology
| | | | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and S Stanley Scott Cancer Center
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Parasitology
- Department of Medicine
- Corresponding author: Francesca Peruzzi, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, Tel: (504) 210-2978,
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12
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Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Faia C, Wyczechowska D, Jeansonne D, Vittori C, Peruzzi F. Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31885371 DOI: 10.3791/59967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a major health concern despite the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the mid-1990s. While antiretroviral therapy efficiently lowers systemic viral load and restores normal CD4+ T cell counts, it does not reconstitute a completely functional immune system. A dysfunctional immune system in HIV-infected individuals undergoing cART may be characterized by immune activation, early aging of immune cells, or persistent inflammation. These conditions, along with comorbid factors associated with HIV infection, add complexity to the disease, which cannot be easily reproduced in cellular and animal models. To investigate the molecular events underlying immune dysfunction in these patients, a system to culture and manipulate human primary monocytes in vitro is presented here. Specifically, the protocol allows for the culture and transfection of primary CD14+ monocytes obtained from HIV-infected individuals undergoing cART as well as from HIV-negative controls. The method involves isolation, culture, and transfection of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. While commercially available kits and reagents are employed, the protocol provides important tips and optimized conditions for successful adherence and transfection of monocytes with miRNA mimics and inhibitors as well as with siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center;
| | - Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Duane Jeansonne
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center;
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13
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Wyczechowska D, Lin HY, LaPlante A, Jeansonne D, Lassak A, Parsons CH, Molina PE, Peruzzi F. A miRNA Signature for Cognitive Deficits and Alcohol Use Disorder in Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:385. [PMID: 29187813 PMCID: PMC5694774 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) affects more than half of persons living with HIV-1/AIDS (PLWHA). Identification of biomarkers representing the cognitive status of PLWHA is a critical step for implementation of successful cognitive, behavioral and pharmacological strategies to prevent onset and progression of HAND. However, the presence of co-morbidity factors in PLWHA, the most common being substance abuse, can prevent the identification of such biomarkers. We have optimized a protocol to profile plasma miRNAs using quantitative RT-qPCR and found a miRNA signature with very good discriminatory ability to distinguish PLWHA with cognitive impairment from those without cognitive impairment. Here, we have evaluated this miRNA signature in PLWHA with alcohol use disorder (AUD) at LSU Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC). The results show that AUD is a potential confounding factor for the miRNAs associated with cognitive impairment in PLWHA. Furthermore, we have investigated the miRNA signature associated with cognitive impairment in an independent cohort of PLWHA using plasma samples from the CNS HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Effects Research (CHARTER) program. Despite differences between the two cohorts in socioeconomic status, AUD, and likely misuse of illicit or prescription drugs, we validated a miRNA signature for cognitive deficits found at LSUHSC in the CHARTER samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wyczechowska
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Andrea LaPlante
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Duane Jeansonne
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Christopher H Parsons
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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14
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Lassak A, Wyczechowska D, Wilk A, Zapata A, Dean M, DelValle L, Sarkaria JN, Ochoas A, Peruzzi F, Reiss K. Abstract 2520: IRS-1/LC3 nuclear structures and glioblastoma drug resistance. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Drug resistance and frequent tumor relapses are the major obstacles in glioblastoma therapy, and recurrent tumors are practically incurable. We previously reported that insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), which is a typical signaling molecule for insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors, can translocate to nucleus, and that nuclear IRS-1 (nIRS-1) was found in different tumor cells, including glioblastomas. To unravel its function, we employed glioblastoma cell culture, animal models, and clinical samples. Using confocal imaging, molecular cloning, subcellular fractionation, mass spectrometry, gene expression analysis, and different approaches to verify protein-protein interactions, we demonstrate for the first time that nIRS-1 can form complex nuclear structures in a restricted number of cancer cells in glioblastoma biopsies and in intracranial glioblastoma xenografts. We also demonstrated the formation of highly organized ring-like structures in several cell lines, following ectopic expression of IRS-1 cloned in frame with nuclear localization signal (NLS-IRS-1). In these nuclear structures IRS-1 localizes at the periphery, and the core of the structure harbors a key autophagy protein, LC3; however, other autophagy proteins or biological membranes were not detected. In living cells expressing NLS-IRS-1-GFP fusion protein, IRS-1/LC3 structures are highly dynamic. They rapidly exchange IRS-1 molecules with nucleoplasm and interact with other nuclear complexes including BMI1-positive Polycomb bodies, PML bodies and Cajal bodies. Importantly, clones and mixed populations of cells expressing the NLS-IRS-1 and capable of forming the IRS-1/LC3 ring-like structures undergo extensive remodeling of gene expression, which suggests a transition to stem-like phenotype and associated resistance to several different anticancer drugs, including temozolomide. This is the first demonstration of IRS-1/LC3 nuclear complexes, which are highly dynamic and may play a role in epigenetic remodeling of glioblastoma cells towards stemness. Further studies are required to determine detailed molecular composition and to explain how these new nuclear structures function.
Citation Format: Adam Lassak, Dorota Wyczechowska, Anna Wilk, Adriana Zapata, Mathew Dean, Luis DelValle, Jann N. Sarkaria, Augusto Ochoas, Francesca Peruzzi, Krzysztof Reiss. IRS-1/LC3 nuclear structures and glioblastoma drug resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lassak
- 1Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Anna Wilk
- 2University of South Alabama, Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL
| | | | - Mathew Dean
- 1Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA
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15
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Jeansonne D, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Abstract 1902: Downregulation of MYC by miR-3189-3p in glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a devastating malignancy with a median survival of approximately 15 months. This aggressive tumor originates from the glial cells and accounts for nearly 50% of adult brain tumors. Glioblastomas are characterized by rapid proliferation and resistance to standard treatment of surgery, temazolamide and radiation therapy. MicroRNAs are short single-stranded non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in both normal and pathological conditions. We have previously found downregulation of miR-3189-3p in glioblastomas and astrocytomas. Using in vitro models, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of this miRNA inhibited glioblastoma cell growth and migration through downregulation of the splicing factor SF3B2 and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF, respectively. The miR-3189-3p-mediated inhibition of glioblastoma growth in vivo further confirmed the anti-cancer activity of this microRNA.
Given the strong biological effect of this miRNA on glioblastoma cells, we sought to investigate the implication of other gene targets in miR-3189-3p-mediated effects. The elevated expression of MYC oncogene is found in a variety of cancer types, including glioblastoma. Here, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-3189-3p results in downregulation of MYC. Since this gene is not a predicted target for miR-3189-3p, we hypothesized that this modulation of MYC expression is mediated through the translational repressor, TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1 (TIAL1, also called TIAR). We tested the levels of TIAR in cells treated with miR-3189-3p and found no changes in TIAR expression. However, the downregulation of MYC was dependent on TIAR expression, as determined through siRNA-mediated downregulation of TIAR. Further studies are needed to elucidate molecular mechanisms of TIAR-dependent downregulation of MYC by miR-3189-3p. In addition, a putative binding site for miR-3189-3p is located within the open reading frame of MYC; therefore, studies will be performed to determine whether miR-3189-3p downregulates MYC by directly binding outside the 3’-UTR of this transcript.
Citation Format: Duane Jeansonne, Krzysztof Reiss, Francesca Peruzzi. Downregulation of MYC by miR-3189-3p in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Jeansonne
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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16
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Kadri F, LaPlante A, De Luca M, Doyle L, Velasco-Gonzalez C, Patterson JR, Molina PE, Nelson S, Zea A, Parsons CH, Peruzzi F. Defining Plasma MicroRNAs Associated With Cognitive Impairment In HIV-Infected Patients. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:829-36. [PMID: 26284581 PMCID: PMC4758906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals are at increased risk for developing neurocognitive disorders and depression. These conditions collectively affect more than 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS and adversely impact adherence to HIV therapy. Thus, identification of early markers of neurocognitive impairment could lead to interventions that improve psychosocial functioning and slow or reverse disease progression through improved treatment adherence. Evidence has accumulated for the role and function of microRNAs in normal and pathological conditions. We have optimized a protocol to profile microRNAs in body fluids. Using this methodology, we have profiled plasma microRNA expression for 30 age-matched, HIV-infected (HIV(+) ) patients and identified highly sensitive and specific microRNA signatures distinguishing HIV(+) patients with cognitive impairment from those without cognitive impairment. These results justify follow-on studies to determine whether plasma microRNA signatures can be used as a screening or prognostic tool for HIV(+) patients with neurocognitive impairment. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 829-836, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Kadri
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrea LaPlante
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mariacristina De Luca
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lisa Doyle
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Patterson
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Steve Nelson
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Arnold Zea
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Christopher H. Parsons
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Medical School, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence: Francesca Peruzzi, LSU Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, , Tel: (504) 210-2978, Fax: (504) 210-2970
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17
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Kadri F, Pacifici M, Wilk A, Parker-Struckhoff A, Del Valle L, Hauser KF, Knapp PE, Parsons C, Jeansonne D, Lassak A, Peruzzi F. HIV-1-Tat Protein Inhibits SC35-mediated Tau Exon 10 Inclusion through Up-regulation of DYRK1A Kinase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30931-46. [PMID: 26534959 PMCID: PMC4692221 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.675751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 transactivator protein Tat is implicated in the neuronal damage that contributes to neurocognitive impairment affecting people living with HIV/AIDS. Aberrant splicing of TAU exon 10 results in tauopathies characterized by alterations in the proportion of TAU isoforms containing three (3R) or four (4R) microtubule-binding repeats. The splicing factor SC35/SRSF2 binds to nuclear RNA and facilitates the incorporation of exon 10 in the TAU molecule. Here, we utilized clinical samples, an animal model, and neuronal cell cultures and found that Tat promotes TAU 3R up-regulation through increased levels of phosphorylated SC35, which is retained in nuclear speckles. This mechanism involved Tat-mediated increased expression of DYRK1A and was prevented by DYRK1A silencing. In addition, we found that Tat associates with TAU RNA, further demonstrating that Tat interferes with host RNA metabolism in the absence of viral infection. Altogether, our data unravel a novel mechanism of Tat-mediated neuronal toxicity through dysregulation of the SC35-dependent alternative splicing of TAU exon 10. Furthermore, the increased immunostaining of DYRK1A in HIV+ brains without pathology points at dysregulation of DYRK1A as an early event in the neuronal complications of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdous Kadri
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 and
| | - Marco Pacifici
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
| | - Anna Wilk
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Luis Del Valle
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Pamela E Knapp
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | | | - Duane Jeansonne
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
| | - Adam Lassak
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- From the Department of Medicine, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, and
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18
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Jeansonne D, DeLuca M, Marrero L, Lassak A, Pacifici M, Wyczechowska D, Wilk A, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Anti-tumoral effects of miR-3189-3p in glioblastoma. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8067-80. [PMID: 25645911 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain tumors. We have previously found up-regulation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in glioblastoma cells treated with the anticancer agent fenofibrate. Sequence analysis of GDF15 revealed the presence of a microRNA, miR-3189, in the single intron. We then asked whether miR-3189 was expressed in clinical samples and whether it was functional in glioblastoma cells. We found that expression of miR-3189-3p was down-regulated in astrocytoma and glioblastoma clinical samples compared with control brain tissue. In vitro, the functionality of miR-3189-3p was tested by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, and miR-3189-3p coimmunoprecipitated with Argonaute 2 together with two of its major predicted gene targets, the SF3B2 splicing factor and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF. Overexpression of miR-3189-3p resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and migration through direct targeting of SF3B2 and p63RhoGEF, respectively. Interestingly, miR-3189-3p levels were increased by treatment of glioblastoma cells with fenofibrate, a lipid-lowering drug with multiple anticancer activities. The attenuated expression of miR-3189-3p in clinical samples paralleled the elevated expression of SF3B2, which could contribute to the activation of SF3B2 growth-promoting pathways in these tumors. Finally, miR-3189-3p-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in vivo further supported the function of this microRNA as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Jeansonne
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Mariacristina DeLuca
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | | | - Adam Lassak
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Marco Pacifici
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Anna Wilk
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- From the Department of Medicine and the Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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Bruni C, Lepri G, Peruzzi F, Bellando-Randone S, Radicati A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S. Antioxidant agents help primary Raynaud's phenomenon. INT ANGIOL 2015; 34:94-95. [PMID: 24732584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Bruni
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy -
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Qin Z, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Dai L. Role of host microRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus pathogenesis. Viruses 2014; 6:4571-80. [PMID: 25421888 PMCID: PMC4246238 DOI: 10.3390/v6114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that can bind to both untranslated and coding regions of target mRNAs, causing their degradation or post-transcriptional modification. Currently, over 2500 miRNAs have been identified in the human genome. Burgeoning evidence suggests that dysregulation of human miRNAs can play a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In contrast, only a small subset of human miRNAs has been functionally validated in the pathogenesis of oncogenic viruses, in particular, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, such as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which are mostly seen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients or other immuno-suppressed subpopulation. This review summarizes recent literature outlining mechanisms for KSHV/viral proteins regulation of cellular miRNAs contributing to viral pathogenesis, as well as recent findings about the unique signature of miRNAs induced by KSHV infection or KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Dai
- Research Center for Translational Medicine and Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Romano E, Terenzi R, Manetti M, Peruzzi F, Fiori G, Nacci F, Bellando-Randone S, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S. Disease activity improvement in rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors correlates with increased soluble Fas levels. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1961-5. [PMID: 25179850 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and hyperplasia. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in RA by interfering with the Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) proapoptotic pathway. We investigated the circulating levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and soluble FasL (sFasL), and their possible correlation with disease activity and improvement after anti-TNF-α treatment in RA. METHODS Serum levels of sFas and sFasL were measured by quantitative ELISA in 52 patients with RA before and after 3 months of anti-TNF-α treatment (adalimumab, n = 32; infliximab, n = 20). Disease activity measures [Disease Activity Score at 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP)] were recorded before and after treatment. Forty age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. RESULTS No significant differences in serum sFas levels were detected between anti-TNF-α-naive patients with RA and controls. After anti-TNF-α treatment, serum sFas levels significantly increased in patients with RA compared to both anti-TNF-α-naive patients and controls. Increased sFas levels inversely correlated with disease activity variables (DAS28-ESR: r = -0.739, CRP: r = -0.636, both p < 0.001). No significant differences in sFasL levels were detected in patients with RA before and after anti-TNF-α treatment. CONCLUSION In RA, an increase in sFas levels closely correlates with improvement in disease activity induced by TNF-α inhibitors, suggesting their ability to modulate Fas-mediated synoviocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Romano
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence.
| | - Riccardo Terenzi
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Mirko Manetti
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Ginevra Fiori
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Francesca Nacci
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
| | - Serena Guiducci
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.E. Romano, PhD; R. Terenzi, MD; F. Peruzzi, MD; G. Fiori, MD; F. Nacci, MD; S. Bellando-Randone, MD, PhD; M. Matucci-Cerinic, MD, PhD; S. Guiducci, MD, PhD, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; DENOthe Centre; M. Manetti, PhD; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence
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Bruni C, Guiducci S, Bellando-Randone S, Lepri G, Braschi F, Fiori G, Bartoli F, Peruzzi F, Blagojevic J, Matucci-Cerinic M. Digital ulcers as a sentinel sign for early internal organ involvement in very early systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 54:72-6. [PMID: 25065009 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of digital lesions in very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS) patients and its possible association with internal organ involvement. METHODS One hundred and ten VEDOSS patients were investigated for the presence of digital ulcers (DUs), digital pitting scars, calcinosis, necrosis or gangrene, nailfold videocapillaroscopic abnormalities, disease-specific autoantibodies (ACA and anti-topo I) and internal organ involvement. RESULTS Four patients reported a history of digital pitting scars, while 25 patients presented an active DU or reported a history of DUs. In particular, 16 patients presented with active DUs (14/16 also reporting a history of previous DUs), while the other 9 patients reported a history of DUs only. A statistically significant association between DUs and oesophageal manometry alteration was found in the whole DU population, as well as in the history of DU and the presence of active DU with/without a history of DU subgroups (P < 0.01, P = 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). DUs were observed in VEDOSS patients with internal organ involvement but not in those without organ involvement. CONCLUSION DUs are already present in VEDOSS patients characterized by internal organ involvement, significantly correlating and associating with gastrointestinal involvement. DUs may be a sentinel sign for early organ involvement in VEDOSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Braschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ginevra Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jelena Blagojevic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Bartoli F, Fiori G, Peruzzi F, Guidi G, Pfanner S, Ceruso M, Matucci Cerinic M. SAT0344 Intravenous Bisphosphonate Reduces Rapidly Pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a potent layer of gene regulation by guiding RISC to target sites located on mRNAs and, consequently, by modulating their translational repression. Changes in miRNA expression have been shown to be involved in the development of all major complex diseases. Furthermore, recent findings showed that miRNAs can be secreted to the extracellular environment and enter the bloodstream and other body fluids where they can circulate with high stability. The function of such circulating miRNAs remains largely elusive, but systematic high throughput approaches, such as miRNA profiling arrays, have lead to the identification of miRNA signatures in several pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and several types of cancers. In this context, the identification of miRNA expression profile in the cerebrospinal fluid, as reported in our recent study, makes miRNAs attractive candidates for biomarker analysis. There are several tools available for profiling microRNAs, such as microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and deep sequencing. Here, we describe a sensitive method to profile microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluids by quantitative real-time PCR. We used the Exiqon microRNA ready-to-use PCR human panels I and II V2.R, which allows detection of 742 unique human microRNAs. We performed the arrays in triplicate runs and we processed and analyzed data using the GenEx Professional 5 software. Using this protocol, we have successfully profiled microRNAs in various types of cell lines and primary cells, CSF, plasma, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pacifici
- Medical School and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center
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Romano E, Manetti M, Peruzzi F, Melchiorre D, Milia AF, Bellando-Randone S, Nishioka K, Innocenti M, Carulli C, Linari S, Morfini M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S. Agonistic anti-human Fas monoclonal antibody induces fibroblast-like synoviocyte apoptosis in haemophilic arthropathy: potential therapeutic implications. Haemophilia 2013; 20:e32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Romano
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - F. Peruzzi
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - D. Melchiorre
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - A. F. Milia
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Bellando-Randone
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - K. Nishioka
- Institute of Medical Science; Tokyo Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Innocenti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - C. Carulli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Linari
- Regional Reference Center for Inherited Coagulopathies; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Morfini
- Regional Reference Center for Inherited Coagulopathies; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - L. Ibba-Manneschi
- Section of Anatomy and Histology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - M. Matucci-Cerinic
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - S. Guiducci
- Section of Internal Medicine; Division of Rheumatology; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, and DENOthe Centre; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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Peruzzi F, Bartalesi F, Attala L, Cavallo A, Fiori G, Maddali-Bongi S, Bruni C, Nacci F, Bartoli F, Cappelli S, Denaro V, Bartoloni A, Matucci-Cerinic M. AB0466 Quantiferon (QFT) identifies latent tuberculosis (LTB) but does not help the evaluation of the efficacy of prophylaxis in inflammatory arthritides. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Terenzi R, Guiducci S, Nacci F, Romano E, Manetti M, Peruzzi F, Bruni C, Bartoli F, Matucci-Cerinic M. SAT0150 Soluble FAS/FASL levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with infliximab and adalimumab. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bartoli F, Fiori G, Peruzzi F, Galluccio F, Cappelli S, Denaro V, Guidi G, Pfanner S, Ceruso M, Matucci-Cerinic M. AB1060 Bisphosphonate intravenous allows a rapid contrast of pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pacifici M, Delbue S, Ferrante P, Jeansonne D, Kadri F, Nelson S, Velasco-Gonzalez C, Zabaleta J, Peruzzi F. Cerebrospinal fluid miRNA profile in HIV-encephalitis. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1070-5. [PMID: 23042033 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression by translational repression. Because of their high stability in intracellular as well as extracellular environments, miRNAs have recently emerged as important biomarkers in several human diseases. However, they have not been tested in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-1 positive individuals. Here, we present results of a study aimed at determining the feasibility of detecting miRNAs in the CSF of HIV-infected individuals with and without encephalitis (HIVE). We also evaluated similarities and differences between CSF and brain tissue miRNAs in the same clinical setting. We utilized a high throughput approach of miRNA detection arrays and identified differentially expressed miRNAs in the frontal cortex of three cases each of HIV+, HIVE, and HIV- controls, and CSF of 10 HIV-positive and 10 HIV-negative individuals. For the CSF samples, the group of HIV+ individuals contained nine cases of HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND) and, among those, four had HIVE. All the HIV-negative samples had non-viral acute disseminate encephalomyelitis. A total of 66 miRNAs were found differentially regulated in HIV+ compared to HIV- groups. The greatest difference in miRNA expression was observed when four cases of HIVE were compared to five non-HIVE cases, previously normalized with the HIV-negative group. After statistical analyses, 11 miRNAs were fund significantly up-regulated in HIVE. Although more clinical samples should be examined, this work represents the first report of CSF miRNAs in HIV-infection and offers the basis for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pacifici
- LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Stanley S Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Terenzi R, Romano E, Manetti M, Peruzzi F, Nacci F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S. Neuropeptides activate TRPV1 in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and foster IL-6 and IL-8 production. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72:1107-9. [PMID: 23444195 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vashistha H, Singhal PC, Malhotra A, Husain M, Mathieson P, Saleem MA, Kuriakose C, Seshan S, Wilk A, Delvalle L, Peruzzi F, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Smithies O, Kim HS, Kakoki M, Reiss K, Meggs LG. Null mutations at the p66 and bradykinin 2 receptor loci induce divergent phenotypes in the diabetic kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F1629-40. [PMID: 23019230 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00246.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidate genes have been identified that confer increased risk for diabetic glomerulosclerosis (DG). Mice heterozygous for the Akita (Ins2(+/C96Y)) diabetogenic mutation with a second mutation introduced at the bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R(-/-)) locus express a disease phenotype that approximates human DG. Src homology 2 domain transforming protein 1 (p66) controls mitochondrial metabolism and cellular responses to oxidative stress, aging, and apoptosis. We generated p66-null Akita mice to test whether inactivating mutations at the p66 locus will rescue kidneys of Akita mice from disease-causing mutations at the Ins2 and B2R loci. Here we show null mutations at the p66 and B2R loci interact with the Akita (Ins2(+/C96Y)) mutation, independently and in combination, inducing divergent phenotypes in the kidney. The B2R(-/-) mutation induces detrimental phenotypes, as judged by increased systemic and renal levels of oxidative stress, histology, and urine albumin excretion, whereas the p66-null mutation confers a powerful protection phenotype. To elucidate the mechanism(s) of the protection phenotype, we turned to our in vitro system. Experiments with cultured podocytes revealed previously unrecognized cross talk between p66 and the redox-sensitive transcription factor p53 that controls hyperglycemia-induced ROS metabolism, transcription of p53 target genes (angiotensinogen, angiotensin II type-1 receptor, and bax), angiotensin II generation, and apoptosis. RNA-interference targeting p66 inhibits all of the above. Finally, protein levels of p53 target genes were upregulated in kidneys of Akita mice but unchanged in p66-null Akita mice. Taken together, p66 is a potential molecular target for therapeutic intervention in DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Vashistha
- Institute for Translational Research, Nephrology Research Laboratory, Ochsner Health Foundation, Dept. of Nephrology, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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Abstract
Glial neoplasms account for nearly 50% of all adult primary brain tumors. They originate from glial cells in the brain and/or spinal cord and include low-grade diffuse astrocytomas, anaplastic-astrocytomas, and glioblastomas. Of all brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and is characterized by rapid glial cell growth, resistance to radio- and chemo- therapies, and relentless infiltration and spreading throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In glioblastomas, primary tumor growth and CNS invasion are associated with the activation of complex structural molecular and metabolic changes within the tumor tissue, which profoundly affect the surrounding neuronal networks and may in part explain induction of epilepsy. In fact, epileptic seizures are very common among patients with glial tumors, reaching nearly 50% in glioblastoma patients and almost 90% in low-grade astrocytomas. The overall hypothesis presented here discusses the possibility that the aberrant tumor cell metabolism may act directly on neuronal network, and this leads to seizure susceptibility. Further invasion and growth of the malignant glial cells exacerbate this initial pathologic state which promotes recurrent seizures (epileptogenesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Prakash
- LSUHSC - Cancer Center, Neurosurgery Department and Neuroscience Center of Excellence, 2020 Gravier St., New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Abstract
We are describing a quick method to dissociate and culture hippocampal or cortical neurons from E15-17 rat embryos. The procedure can be applied successfully to the isolation of mouse and human primary neurons and neural progenitors. Dissociated neurons are maintained in serum-free medium up to several weeks. These cultures can be used for nucleofection, immunocytochemistry, nucleic acids preparation, as well as electrophysiology. Older neuronal cultures can also be transfected with a good efficiency rate by lentiviral transduction and, less efficiently, with calcium phosphate or lipid-based methods such as lipofectamine.
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Rom S, Pacifici M, Passiatore G, Aprea S, Waligorska A, Del Valle L, Peruzzi F. HIV-1 Tat binds to SH3 domains: cellular and viral outcome of Tat/Grb2 interaction. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1813:1836-44. [PMID: 21745501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain is one of the most frequent protein recognition modules (PRMs), being represented in signal transduction pathways and in several pathologies such as cancer and AIDS. Grb2 (growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) is an adaptor protein that contains two SH3 domains and is involved in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signal transduction pathways. The HIV-1 transactivator factor Tat is required for viral replication and it has been shown to bind directly or indirectly to several host proteins, deregulating their functions. In this study, we show interaction between the cellular factor Grb2 and the HIV-1 trans-activating protein Tat. The binding is mediated by the proline-rich sequence of Tat and the SH3 domain of Grb2. As the adaptor protein Grb2 participates in a wide variety of signaling pathways, we characterized at least one of the possible downstream effects of the Tat/Grb2 interaction on the well-known IGF-1R/Raf/MAPK cascade. We show that the binding of Tat to Grb2 impairs activation of the Raf/MAPK pathway, while potentiating the PKA/Raf inhibitory pathway. The Tat/Grb2 interaction affects also viral function by inhibiting the Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 LTR and viral replication in infected primary microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Rom
- Temple University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Passiatore G, Gentilella A, Rom S, Pacifici M, Bergonzini V, Peruzzi F. Induction of Id-1 by FGF-2 involves activity of EGR-1 and sensitizes neuroblastoma cells to cell death. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1763-70. [PMID: 21506108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id-1) is a member of helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of proteins that regulate gene transcription through their inhibitory binding to basic-HLH transcription factors. Similarly to other members of this family, Id-1 is involved in the repression of cell differentiation and activation of cell growth. The dual function of Id-1, inhibition of differentiation, and stimulation of cell proliferation, might be interdependent, as cell differentiation is generally coupled with the exit from the cell cycle. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been reported to play multiple roles in different biological processes during development of the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, FGF-2 has been described to induce "neuronal-like" differentiation and trigger apoptosis in neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells. Although regulation of Id-1 protein by several mitogenic factors is well-established, little is known about the role of FGF-2 in the regulation of Id-1. Using human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-MC, we found that treatment of these cells with FGF-2 resulted in early induction of both Id-1 mRNA and protein. The induction occurs within 1 h from FGF-2 treatment and is mediated by ERK1/2 pathway, which in turn stimulates expression of the early growth response-1 (Egr-1) transcription factor. We also demonstrate direct interaction of Egr-1 with Id-1 promoter in vitro and in cell culture. Finally, inhibition of Id-1 expression results in G(2) /M accumulation of FGF-2-treated cells and delayed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passiatore
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Wilk A, Urbanska K, Yang S, Wang JY, Amini S, Del Valle L, Peruzzi F, Meggs L, Reiss K. Insulin-like growth factor-I-forkhead box O transcription factor 3a counteracts high glucose/tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated neuronal damage: implications for human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. J Neurosci Res 2010; 89:183-98. [PMID: 21162126 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In HIV patients, antiretroviral medications trigger metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance. In addition, the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which is elevated in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE), also induces insulin resistance and inflicts neuronal damage in vitro. In differentiated PC12 cells and rat cortical neurons, high glucose (HG; 25 mM) triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, contributing to the retraction of neuronal processes, with only a minimal involvement of neuronal apoptosis. In the presence of TNFα, HG-treated neurons undergo massive apoptosis. Because mammalian homolog of the Forkhead family of transcription factors, Forkhead box O transcription factor 3a (FOXO3a), controls ROS metabolism, we asked whether FOXO3a could affect the fate of differentiated neurons in the paradigm of HIVE. We observed FOXO3a nuclear translocation in HG-treated neuronal cultures, accompanied by partial loss of mitochondrial potential and gradual retraction of neuronal processes. Addition of TNFα to HG-treated neurons increased expression of the FOXO-dependent proapoptotic gene Bim, which resulted in extensive apoptotic death. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly lowered intracellular ROS, which was accompanied by IGF-I-mediated FOXO3a nuclear export and decrease in its transcriptional activity. The clinical relevance of these findings is supported by detection of nuclear FOXO3a in TUNEL-positive cortical neurons from HIVE, especially in brain areas characterized by elevated TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilk
- Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisianna 70112, USA
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Rom S, Rom I, Passiatore G, Pacifici M, Radhakrishnan S, Del Valle L, Piña-Oviedo S, Khalili K, Eletto D, Peruzzi F. CCL8/MCP-2 is a target for mir-146a in HIV-1-infected human microglial cells. FASEB J 2010; 24:2292-300. [PMID: 20181935 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression appears to be involved in a variety of cellular processes, including development, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mir-146a is thought to be involved in the regulation of the innate immune response, and its expression is increased in tissues associated with chronic inflammation. Among the predicted gene targets for mir-146a, the chemokine CCL8/MCP-2 is a ligand for the CCR5 chemokine receptor and a potent inhibitor of CD4/CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry and replication. In the present study, we have analyzed changes in the expression of mir-146a in primary human fetal microglial cells upon infection with HIV-1 and found increased expression of mir-146a. We further show that CCL8/MCP-2 is a target for mir-146a in HIV-1 infected microglia, as overexpression of mir-146a prevented HIV-induced secretion of MCP-2 chemokine. The clinical relevance of our findings was evaluated in HIV-encephalitis (HIVE) brain samples in which decreased levels of MCP-2 and increased levels of mir-146a were observed, suggesting a role for mir-146a in the maintenance of HIV-mediated chronic inflammation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Rom
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Gualco E, Urbanska K, Perez-Liz G, Sweet T, Peruzzi F, Reiss K, Del Valle L. IGF-IR-dependent expression of Survivin is required for T-antigen-mediated protection from apoptosis and proliferation of neural progenitors. Cell Death Differ 2009; 17:439-51. [PMID: 19834489 PMCID: PMC2822053 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-IR) and the human polyomavirus JCV protein, T-Antigen cooperate in the transformation of neuronal precursors in the cerebellum, which may be a contributing factor in the development of brain tumors. Since it is not clear why T-Antigen requires IGF-IR for transformation, we investigated this process in neural progenitors from IGF-IR knockout embryos (ko-IGF-IR) and from their wild type non-transgenic littermates (wt-IGF-IR). In contrast to wt-IGF-IR, the brain and dorsal root ganglia of ko-IGF-IR embryos showed low levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin, accompanied by elevated numbers of apoptotic neurons and an earlier differentiation phenotype. In wt-IGF-IR neural progenitors in vitro, induction of T-Antigen expression tripled the expression of Survivin, and accelerated cell proliferation. In ko-IGF-IR progenitors induction of T-Antigen failed to increase Survivin, resulting in massive apoptosis. Importantly, ectopic expression of Survivin protected ko-IGF-IR progenitor cells from apoptosis and siRNA inhibition of Survivin activated apoptosis in wt-IGF-IR progenitors expressing T-Antigen. Our results indicate that reactivation of the anti-apoptotic Survivin may be a critical step in JCV T-Antigen induced transformation, which in neural progenitors requires IGF-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gualco
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Passiatore G, Rom S, Eletto D, Peruzzi F. HIV-1 Tat C-terminus is cleaved by calpain 1: implication for Tat-mediated neurotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008; 1793:378-87. [PMID: 19022302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
HIV-Encephalopathy (HIVE) is a common neurological disorder associated with HIV-1 infection and AIDS. The activity of the HIV trans-activating protein Tat is thought to contribute to neuronal pathogenesis. While Tat proteins from primary virus isolates consist of 101 or more amino acids, 72 and 86 amino acids forms of Tat are commonly used for in vitro studies. Although Tat72 contains the minimal domain required for viral replication, other activities of Tat appear to vary according to its length, sub-cellular localization, cell type and the stage of cellular differentiation. In this study, we investigated the stability of intracellular Tat101 during proliferation and differentiation of neuronal cells in culture. We have utilized rat neuronal progenitors as a model of neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as rat primary cortical neurons as a model of fully differentiated cells. Our results indicate that, upon internalization, Tat101 was degraded more rapidly in proliferating cells than in cells which either underwent neuronal differentiation or were fully differentiated. Intracellular degradation of Tat was prevented by the calpain 1 inhibitor, ALLN, in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Inhibition of calpain 1 by calpastatin peptide also prevented Tat cleavage. In vitro calpain digestion and mass spectrometry analysis further demonstrated that the sequence of Tat sensitive to calpain cleavage was located in the C-terminus of this viral protein, between amino acids 68 and 69. Moreover, cleavage of Tat101 by calpain 1 increased neurotoxic effect of this viral protein and presence of the calpain inhibitor protected neuronal cells from Tat-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Passiatore
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Eletto D, Russo G, Passiatore G, Del Valle L, Giordano A, Khalili K, Gualco E, Peruzzi F. Inhibition of SNAP25 expression by HIV-1 Tat involves the activity of mir-128a. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:764-70. [PMID: 18381601 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are short endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by incomplete pairing with messenger RNAs. An increasing number of studies show that mammalian microRNAs play fundamental roles in various aspects of cellular function including differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. Recent findings demonstrating the presence of microRNAs in mature neuronal dendrites suggest their possible involvement in controlling local protein translation and synaptic function. HIV-1 Encephalopathy (HIVE) is a manifestation of HIV-1 infection that often results in neuronal damage and dysfunction. While neurons are rarely, if ever, infected by HIV-1, they are exposed to cytotoxic viral and cellular factors including the HIV-1 transactivating factor Tat. In this study, we show that Tat deregulates expression levels of selected microRNAs, including the neuronal mir-128, in primary cortical neurons. We further show that mir-128a inhibits expression of the pre-synaptic protein SNAP25, whereas the anti-mir-128a partially restores Tat/mir-128a-induced downregulation of SNAP25 expression. Altogether, our data provide a novel mechanism by which HIV-Tat perturbs neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Eletto
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19112, USA
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Darbinian N, Darbinyan A, Czernik M, Peruzzi F, Khalili K, Reiss K, Gordon J, Amini S. HIV-1 Tat inhibits NGF-induced Egr-1 transcriptional activity and consequent p35 expression in neural cells. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:128-34. [PMID: 18247371 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infection with HIV-1 causes degeneration of neurons leading to motor and cognitive dysfunction in AIDS patients. One of the key viral regulatory proteins, Tat, which is released by infected cells, can be taken up by various uninfected cells including neurons and by dysregulating several biological events induces cell injury and death. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that treatment of neuronal cells with Tat affects the nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling pathway involving MAPK/ERK. Here we demonstrate that a decrease in the level of Egr-1, one of the targets for MAPK, by Tat has a negative impact on the level of p35 expression in NGF-treated neural cells. Further, we demonstrate a reduced level of Egr-1 association with the p35 promoter sequence in NGF-treated cells expressing Tat. As p35, by associating with Cdk5, phosphorylates several neuronal proteins including neurofilaments and plays a role in neuronal differentiation and survival, we examined kinase activity of p35 complexes obtained from cells expressing Tat. Results from H1 kinase assays showed reduced activity of the p35 complex from Tat-expressing cells in comparison to that from control cells. Accordingly, the level of phosphorylated neurofilaments was diminished in Tat-expressing cells. Similarly, treatment of PC12 cells with Tat protein or supernatant from HIV-1 infected cells decreased kinase activity of p35 in these cells. These observations ascribe a role for Tat in altering p35 expression and its activity that affects phosphorylation of proteins involved in neuronal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Wang JY, Gualco E, Peruzzi F, Sawaya BE, Passiatore G, Marcinkiewicz C, Staniszewska I, Ferrante P, Amini S, Khalili K, Reiss K. Interaction between serine phosphorylated IRS-1 and beta1-integrin affects the stability of neuronal processes. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:2360-73. [PMID: 17593555 PMCID: PMC3536502 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) released in the brain by HIV-activated macrophages/microglia is suspected to compromise neuronal survival. Previously, we have demonstrated that activated receptor for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-IR) protects neurons from TNFalpha-induced neuronal damage (Wang et al. [ 2006] J. Neurosci. Res. 83:7-18). Because TNFalpha triggers phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) on serine residues (pS-IRS-1; Rui et al. [ 2001] J. Clin. Invest. 107:181-189), and pS-IRS-1 binds integrins (Reiss et al. [ 2001] Oncogene 20:490-500), we asked how these events affect neuronal processes. We show that beta1-integrin and pS-IRS-1 colocalize in PC12 cells and in primary cortical neurons. TNFalpha treatment elevated membrane-associated pS-IRS-1, enhanced pS-IRS-1 interaction with beta1-integrin, and attenuated cell attachment to collagen IV. In contrast, IGF-I inhibited pS-IRS-1-beta1-integrin complexes and improved cell attachment. The domain of IRS-1 involved in beta1-integrin binding mapped between amino acids 426 and 740, and the expression of 426-740/IRS-1 mutant attenuated neuronal outgrowth. Our results indicate that TNFalpha facilitates the interaction of pS-IRS-1 and beta1-integrin and destabilizes neuronal processes. IGF-I counteracts TNFalpha-mediated accumulation of pS-IRS-1-beta1-integrin complexes supporting the stability of neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ying Wang
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elisa Gualco
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bassel E. Sawaya
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giovanni Passiatore
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Izabella Staniszewska
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnologies, Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence to: Krzysztof Reiss, Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Biology Life Science Building, Philadelphia, PA 19122.
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Darbinian-Sarkissian N, Czernik M, Peruzzi F, Gordon J, Rappaport J, Reiss K, Khalili K, Amini S. Dysregulation of NGF-signaling and Egr-1 expression by Tat in neuronal cell culture. J Cell Physiol 2006; 208:506-15. [PMID: 16741963 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Examination of signal transduction pathways that modulate neuronal cell differentiation and protection against apoptosis has revealed a central role for the MAPK/Erk cascade. The activation of MAPK/Erk through the TrkA NGF signaling pathway is critical for growth and survival of neuronal cells. Here, we investigate the impact of HIV-1 Tat on the NGF-signaling pathway in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Expression of Tat decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis. Our results revealed dysregulation of various steps involved in the NGF pathway including suppression of MAPK, and inhibition of the promoter activity of Egr-1, a key pleiotropic mediator of the expression of genes involved in cell growth upon expression of Tat in SK-N-MC cells. Similarly, exposure of SK-N-MC to conditioned media derived from cells expressing Tat decreased phosphorylation of MAPK and reduced the level of Egr-1 protein expression in SK-N-MC cells. Furthermore, MAPK was able to phosphorylate Puralpha, a cellular protein that plays an important role in neuronal cell function and differentiation, and this was inhibited by Tat. The ability of Puralpha to interact with a GA/GC-rich sequence positioned upstream from the transcription start site of the Egr-1 promoter provided a rationale to examine Egr-1 expression. Expression of Tat decreased NGF-induced Egr-1 levels in SK-N-MC cells and reduced binding of Puralpha to the Egr-1 promoter. All of these observations support a model where the interplay between Tat and Puralpha dysregulates the NGF pathway including the MAPK/Erk network, resulting in reduced expression and activity of Egr-1 in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian-Sarkissian
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Aprea S, Del Valle L, Mameli G, Sawaya BE, Khalili K, Peruzzi F. Tubulin-mediated binding of human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat to the cytoskeleton causes proteasomal-dependent degradation of microtubule-associated protein 2 and neuronal damage. J Neurosci 2006; 26:4054-62. [PMID: 16611822 PMCID: PMC6673895 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0603-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 associated pathology in the CNS is deterioration of neuronal processes. Although there is mounting evidence of neuronal toxicity and cell death induced by the HIV-1 transactivating factor Tat, the molecular events linked directly to its detrimental effect on neuronal cells remain unclear. In this study, we used rat embryonic cortical neurons and demonstrated that Tat causes rapid degradation of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and the collapse of cytoskeletal filaments. The mechanism of Tat action on MAP2 stability involved Tat-mediated translocation of the proteasome to the site of microtubule filaments. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples from patients with HIV encephalopathy further revealed a significant decrease in MAP2 with predominant cytoplasmic 20S in cortical neurons near microglial nodules. These findings indicate a novel mechanism for the action of Tat on neuronal cells. It involves proteasome-mediated MAP2 degradation and may account for the loss of MAP2 and neuronal damage observed in the brain of AIDS patients with neurological dysfunctions.
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45
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Wang JY, Grabacka M, Marcinkiewicz C, Staniszewska I, Peruzzi F, Khalili K, Amini S, Reiss K. Involvement of alpha1beta1 integrin in insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated protection of PC12 neuronal processes from tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced injury. J Neurosci Res 2006; 83:7-18. [PMID: 16307448 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) supports neuronal survival against a wide variety of insults. This includes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-mediated neuronal damage, which represents one of the factors suspected to play a role in HIV-associated dementia (HAD). PC12 neurons engineered to express human IGF-1R (PC12/IGF-1R) maintain neuronal processes on collagen IV for several weeks. However, prolonged treatment with TNFalpha caused degeneration of neuronal processes, with no apparent signs of apoptosis. In this process, TNFalpha did not affect IGF-1-mediated phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt, or Erks. In addition, PC12/IGF-1R cells were found to express predominantly alpha1beta1 integrin, which has high affinity to collagen IV. The treatment of PC12/IGF-1R neurons with a specific alpha1beta1 integrin inhibitor, obtustatin, also caused loss of neuronal processes, accompanied by a quick cell detachment and extensive apoptosis. In the presence of IGF-1, both TNFalpha-induced and obtustatin-induced degeneration of neuronal processes were effectively inhibited. Furthermore, TNFalpha-mediated neuronal degeneration correlated with decreased attachment of PC12/IGF-1R cells to collagen IV and with a reduced level of alpha1beta1 integrin, consistent with a role for this surface protein in the maintenance of neuronal processes. Thus the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 are not restricted to its antiapoptotic properties but also involve an additional neuroprotective mechanism, by which IGF-1 counteracts the negative effect of TNFalpha on alpha1beta1 integrin-mediated attachment to collagen IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ying Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Abstract
The HIV-1 transactivating factor Tat plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of AIDS. Originally discovered as a potent activator of viral replication, Tat has now been found to be involved in the regulation of both viral and cellular gene expression. Due to its structure, Tat protein can be secreted by infected cells, and can penetrate neighboring uninfected cells, altering their function in the absence of viral replication. Indeed, increasing number of reports suggest a multifunctional effect of Tat, which depends on cell type and the degree of cellular maturation. Here, we discuss intracellular activities of Tat in HIV-infected cells, as well as in cells exposed to Tat, and focus on two contradictory aspects of Tat-mediated effects: cell proliferation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Peruzzi
- Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Saunders M, Eldeen MB, Del Valle L, Reiss K, Peruzzi F, Mameli G, Gelman BB, Khalili K, Amini S, Sawaya BE. p73 modulates HIV-1 Tat transcriptional and apoptotic activities in human astrocytes. Apoptosis 2005; 10:1419-31. [PMID: 16235026 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-005-2467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is a potent transcriptional activator of the viral promoter with the ability to modulate a number of cellular regulatory circuits including apoptosis. Tat exerts its effects through interaction with viral as well as cellular proteins. Here, we studied the influence of p73, a protein that is implicated in apoptosis and cell cycle control, on Tat apoptotic function in the central nervous system. We recently demonstrated the ability of Tat to associate with p73, and that this association modulates Tat transcriptional activity (Amini et al., Mol Cell Biol 2005; 18: 8126-8138). We demonstrated that p73 interferes with Tat-mediated apoptosis by preventing the up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 proteins in astrocytes. Thus, the interplay between Tat and p73 may affect Tat contribution to apoptotic events in the brain, limiting its involvement in the neuropathology often observed in the brains of HIV-1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience & Center for Neurovirology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, 015-96, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Peruzzi F, Bergonzini V, Aprea S, Reiss K, Sawaya BE, Rappaport J, Amini S, Khalili K. Cross talk between growth factors and viral and cellular factors alters neuronal signaling pathways: implication for HIV-associated dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 50:114-25. [PMID: 15936090 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 03/10/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a serious neurological disorder affecting about 7% of people with AIDS. In the brain, HIV-1 infects a restricted number of cell types, being primarily present in macrophages and microglial cells, less abundant in astrocytes, and rarely seen in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Lack of a productive HIV-1 infection of neuronal cells suggests the presence of an indirect pathway by which the virus may determine the brain pathology and neuronal dysfunction seen in AIDS patients. Among the participants in this event, viral proteins including gp120 and Tat, along with host factors including cytokines, chemokines, and several signaling pathways have received considerable attention. In this article, we discuss the most recent concepts pertaining to the mechanisms of HIV-1-induced neuronal dysfunction by highlighting the interplay between signal transduction pathways activated by viral and host factors and their consequences in neuronal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Peruzzi
- Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, 1900 12th North Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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Bergonzini V, Delbue S, Wang JY, Reiss K, Prisco M, Amini S, Khalili K, Peruzzi F. HIV-Tat promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits NGF-induced differentiation through mechanisms involving Id1 regulation. Oncogene 2004; 23:7701-11. [PMID: 15361847 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Id1 is a helix-loop-helix transcriptional factor that controls growth and survival of neuronal cells. Downregulation of Id1 expression is required to initiate differentiation and cell-cycle withdrawal in primary neuronal culture as well as in PC12 cells. The HIV-1 transactivating factor, Tat, has been suspected of causing neuronal dysfunction that often leads to the development of HIV-associated dementia in AIDS patients. We found that the expression of Tat in PC12 cells promotes serum-independent growth, formation of large colonies in soft agar, and the acceleration of tumor growth in nude mice. In addition, Tat showed the ability to inhibit the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Our results show that the Tat-mediated signaling events, which lead to serum-independent growth and the inhibition of NGF-induced differentiation, have a common cellular target: the upregulation of Id1 expression. In the absence of NGF, expression of Id1 is required to promote serum-independent proliferation of PC12/Tat cells, as the inhibition of Id1 by antisense DNA restored the serum-dependent growth of PC12/Tat cells. In the presence of NGF, Tat utilizes an additional pathway that involves phosphorylation of Stat5a, to upregulate Id1 expression and block neuronal cell differentiation. Suppression of Stat5a by use of its dominant-negative mutant reversed the transient expression of Id1 and the blockage of NGF-mediated differentiation in PC12/Tat cells. Finally, the treatment of PC12 cells with recombinant Tat also enhanced the NGF-induced Id1 expression, further pointing to Id1 as a target for Tat. Taken together, these studies suggest additional targets for Tat action in neuronal cells and provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the dysregulation of neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bergonzini
- Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, 1900 12th North Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Wang JY, Del Valle L, Peruzzi F, Trojanek J, Giordano A, Khalili K, Reiss K. Polyomaviruses and cancer--interplay between viral proteins and signal transduction pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2004; 23:373-83. [PMID: 15595625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyomaviruses are highly suspected to be involved in the development of cancer. A strong correlation has been established between the activity of an early viral genome and the development of a transformed phenotype. Polyomavirus transforming antigens (T-antigens) are the major suspects in the process of deregulating cellular equilibrium. Multiple interactions between T-antigens and cellular regulatory proteins have been detected at different regulatory levels including signal transduction, gene expression, cell cycle progression, and possible DNA repair. In this context, we are reviewing the most recent experimental evidence which, in combination with more than thirty years of studies of polyomaviruses, could help us understand whether and how viral infection contributes to the development of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ying Wang
- Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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