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Klaus T, Hieber C, Bros M, Grabbe S. Integrins in Health and Disease-Suitable Targets for Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 38334604 PMCID: PMC10854705 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors are heterodimeric surface receptors that play multiple roles regarding cell-cell communication, signaling, and migration. The four members of the β2 integrin subfamily are composed of an alternative α (CD11a-d) subunit, which determines the specific receptor properties, and a constant β (CD18) subunit. This review aims to present insight into the multiple immunological roles of integrin receptors, with a focus on β2 integrins that are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The pathophysiological role of β2 integrins is confirmed by the drastic phenotype of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, most often resulting in severe recurrent infections and, at the same time, a predisposition for autoimmune diseases. So far, studies on the role of β2 integrins in vivo employed mice with a constitutive knockout of all β2 integrins or either family member, respectively, which complicated the differentiation between the direct and indirect effects of β2 integrin deficiency for distinct cell types. The recent generation and characterization of transgenic mice with a cell-type-specific knockdown of β2 integrins by our group has enabled the dissection of cell-specific roles of β2 integrins. Further, integrin receptors have been recognized as target receptors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as tumor therapy. However, whereas both agonistic and antagonistic agents yielded beneficial effects in animal models, the success of clinical trials was limited in most cases and was associated with unwanted side effects. This unfavorable outcome is most probably related to the systemic effects of the used compounds on all leukocytes, thereby emphasizing the need to develop formulations that target distinct types of leukocytes to modulate β2 integrin activity for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.K.); (C.H.); (M.B.)
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Ou Q, Power R, Griffin MD. Revisiting regulatory T cells as modulators of innate immune response and inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1287465. [PMID: 37928540 PMCID: PMC10623442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1287465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to be critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis by suppressing the activation of auto- or allo-reactive effector T cells through a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing Treg numbers or potency in the setting of autoimmunity and allogeneic transplants have been energetically pursued and are beginning to yield some encouraging outcomes in early phase clinical trials. Less well recognized from a translational perspective, however, has been the mounting body of evidence that Treg directly modulate most aspects of innate immune response under a range of different acute and chronic disease conditions. Recognizing this aspect of Treg immune modulatory function provides a bridge for the application of Treg-based therapies to common medical conditions in which organ and tissue damage is mediated primarily by inflammation involving myeloid cells (mononuclear phagocytes, granulocytes) and innate lymphocytes (NK cells, NKT cells, γδ T cells and ILCs). In this review, we comprehensively summarize pre-clinical and human research that has revealed diverse modulatory effects of Treg and specific Treg subpopulations on the range of innate immune cell types. In each case, we emphasize the key mechanistic insights and the evidence that Treg interactions with innate immune effectors can have significant impacts on disease severity or treatment. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges that exist for the application of Treg-based therapeutic interventions to three globally impactful, inflammatory conditions: type 2 diabetes and its end-organ complications, ischemia reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Ou
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Rachael Power
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D. Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Nephrology Department, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway, Ireland
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Erdem S, Haskologlu S, Haliloglu Y, Çelikzencir H, Arik E, Keskin O, Eltan SB, Yucel E, Canatan H, Avcilar H, Yilmaz E, Ozcan A, Unal E, Karakukcu M, Celiksoy MH, Kilic SS, Demir A, Genel F, Gulez N, Koker MY, Ozen AO, Baris S, Metin A, Guner SN, Reisli I, Keles S, Dogu EF, Ikinciogullari KA, Eken A. Defective Treg generation and increased type 3 immune response in leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1. Clin Immunol 2023:109691. [PMID: 37433423 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In 15 Turkish LAD-1 patients and controls, we assessed the impact of pathogenic ITGB2 mutations on Th17/Treg differentiation and functions, and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets. The percentage of peripheral blood Treg cells, in vitro-generated induced Tregs differentiated from naive CD4+ T cells were decreased despite the elevated absolute counts of CD4+ cells in LAD1 patients. Serum IL-23 levels were elevated in LAD1 patients. Post-curdlan stimulation, LAD1 patient-derived PBMCs produced more IL-17A. Additionally, the percentages of CD18-deficient Th17 cells expanded from total or naïve CD4+ T cells were higher. The blood ILC3 subset was significantly elevated in LAD1. Finally, LAD1 PBMCs showed defects in trans-well migration and proliferation and were more resistant to apoptosis. Defects in de novo generation of Tregs from CD18-deficient naïve T cells and elevated Th17s, and ILC3s in LAD1 patients' peripheral blood suggest a type 3-skewed immunity and may contribute to LAD1-associated autoimmune symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serife Erdem
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sule Haskologlu
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Haliloglu
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Huriye Çelikzencir
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Elif Arik
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Keskin
- Gaziantep University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Bilgic Eltan
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Yucel
- Istanbul University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halit Canatan
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avcilar
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Alper Ozcan
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Unal
- Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Musa Karakukcu
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Halil Celiksoy
- İstanbul Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sara Sebnem Kilic
- Bursa Uludag University, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ayca Demir
- Dr Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferah Genel
- Dr Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gulez
- Dr Behcet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yavuz Koker
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Oguzhan Ozen
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safa Baris
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Metin
- Ankara City Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sukru Nail Guner
- Necmettin Erbakan University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ismail Reisli
- Necmettin Erbakan University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Necmettin Erbakan University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esin Figen Dogu
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Eken
- Erciyes University School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kayseri, Turkey; Erciyes University, Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Klaus T, Wilson A, Fichter M, Bros M, Bopp T, Grabbe S. The Role of LFA-1 for the Differentiation and Function of Regulatory T Cells—Lessons Learned from Different Transgenic Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076331. [PMID: 37047302 PMCID: PMC10094578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are essential for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Treg dysfunction results in diverse inflammatory and autoimmune diseases with life-threatening consequences. β2-integrins (CD11a-d/CD18) play important roles in the migration of leukocytes into inflamed tissues and cell signaling. Of all β2-integrins, T cells, including Treg, only express CD11a/CD18, termed lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), on their surface. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the common subunit CD18 result in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD-1). Clinical symptoms vary depending on the extent of residual β2-integrin function, and patients may experience leukocytosis and recurrent infections. Some patients can develop autoimmune diseases, but the immune processes underlying the paradoxical situation of immune deficiency and autoimmunity have been scarcely investigated. To understand this complex phenotype, different transgenic mouse strains with a constitutive knockout of β2-integrins have been established. However, since a constitutive knockout affects all leukocytes and may limit the validity of studies focusing on their cell type-specific role, we established a Treg-specific CD18-floxed mouse strain. This mini-review aims to delineate the role of LFA-1 for the induction, maintenance, and regulatory function of Treg in vitro and in vivo as deduced from observations using the various β2-integrin-deficient mouse models.
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