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Zhang Y, Ren Y, Li X, Li M, Fu M, Zhou W, Yu Y, Xiong Y. A review on decoding the roles of YAP/TAZ signaling pathway in cardiovascular diseases: Bridging molecular mechanisms to therapeutic insights. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132473. [PMID: 38795886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) serve as transcriptional co-activators that dynamically shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus, resulting in either the suppression or enhancement of their downstream gene expression. Recent emerging evidence demonstrates that YAP/TAZ is strongly implicated in the pathophysiological processes that contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In the cardiovascular system, YAP/TAZ is involved in the orchestration of a range of biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammation, proliferation, and autophagy. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ has been revealed to be closely associated with the initiation and development of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiomyopathy. In this review, we delve into recent studies surrounding YAP and TAZ, along with delineating their roles in contributing to the pathogenesis of CVDs with a link to various physiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Additionally, we highlight the current potential drugs targeting YAP/TAZ for CVDs therapy and discuss their challenges for translational application. Overall, this review may offer novel insights for understanding and treating cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, PR China
| | - Mingdi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Fu Y, Zhou Y, Wang K, Li Z, Kong W. Extracellular Matrix Interactome in Modulating Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling. Circ Res 2024; 134:931-949. [PMID: 38547250 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The ECM (extracellular matrix) is a major component of the vascular microenvironment that modulates vascular homeostasis. ECM proteins include collagens, elastin, noncollagen glycoproteins, and proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. ECM proteins form complex matrix structures, such as the basal lamina and collagen and elastin fibers, through direct interactions or lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking. Moreover, ECM proteins directly interact with cell surface receptors or extracellular secreted molecules, exerting matricellular and matricrine modulation, respectively. In addition, extracellular proteases degrade or cleave matrix proteins, thereby contributing to ECM turnover. These interactions constitute the ECM interactome network, which is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing pathological vascular remodeling. The current review mainly focuses on endogenous matrix proteins in blood vessels and discusses the interaction of these matrix proteins with other ECM proteins, cell surface receptors, cytokines, complement and coagulation factors, and their potential roles in maintaining vascular homeostasis and preventing pathological remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.Z.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., K.W., Z.L., W.K.), School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Naha A, Driscoll TP. Fibronectin sensitizes activation of contractility, YAP, and NF-κB in nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:434-442. [PMID: 37525423 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration involves the breakdown of the discs of the spine due to genetics, aging, or faulty mechanical loading. As part of the progression of the disease, nucleus pulposus cells lose their phenotypic characteristics, inducing inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations that result in a loss of disc mechanical homeostasis. Fibronectin is one ECM molecule that has been shown to be upregulated in disc degeneration and plays an important role in the progression of a wide variety of fibrotic diseases. Fragments of fibronectin have also long been associated with both osteoarthritis and disc degeneration. The goal of this work is to test the effects of fibronectin on disc cell phenotype, mechanosensing, and inflammatory signaling. We identify that fibronectin increases the activation of cellular contractility, the mechanosensitive transcription factor Yes-associated protein, and the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. This results in decreased production and expression of proteoglycans, which are required to maintain healthy disc function. Thus, fibronectin is a potential regulator of phenotypic changes in disc degeneration, and a potential target for treating disc degeneration at the cellular level. Understanding the role of fibronectin, and its potential as a therapeutic target, could provide new approaches for preventing or reversing disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Naha
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Tristan P Driscoll
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Liu C, Xu J, Fan J, Liu C, Xie W, Kong H. DPP-4 exacerbates LPS-induced endothelial cells inflammation via integrin-α5β1/FAK/AKT signaling. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113909. [PMID: 38184221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), a cell surface glycoprotein, has been implicated in endothelial inflammation and barrier dysfunction. In this study, the role of DPP-4 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) dysfunction and the underlying mechanism were investigated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of DPP-4. Our results indicated that LPS (1 μg/ml) challenge resulted in either the production and releasing of DPP-4, as well as the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 in HPMECs. DPP-4 knockdown inhibited chemokine releasing and monolayer hyper-permeability in LPS challenged HPMECs. When cocultured with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), DPP4 knockdown suppressed LPS-induced neutrophil-endothelial adhesion, PMN chemotaxis and trans-endothelial migration. Western blotting showed that DPP-4 knockdown attenuated LPS-induced activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that DPP-4 mediated LPS-induced endothelial inflammation by interacting with integrin-α5β1. Moreover, exogenous soluble DPP-4 treatment sufficiently activated integrin-α5β1 downstream FAK/AKT/NF-κB signaling, thereafter inducing ICAM-1 upregulation in HPMECs. Collectively, our results suggest that endothelia synthesis and release DPP-4 under the stress of endotoxin, which interact with integrin-α5β1 complex in an autocrine or paracrine manner to exacerbate endothelial inflammation and enhance endothelial cell permeability. Therefore, blocking DDP-4 could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent endothelial dysfunction in ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiahao Fan
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Nguyen HTT, Watson AJ, Lao Q, Li A, Zhu J. Integrin α 5β 1 contributes to cell fusion and inflammation mediated by SARS-CoV-2 spike via RGD-independent interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311913120. [PMID: 38060559 PMCID: PMC10723138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311913120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infects host cells by engaging its spike (S) protein with human ACE2 receptor. Recent studies suggest the involvement of integrins in SARS-CoV-2 infection through interaction with the S protein, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study investigated the role of integrin α5β1, which recognizes the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif in its physiological ligands, in S-mediated virus entry and cell-cell fusion. Our results showed that α5β1 does not directly contribute to S-mediated cell entry, but it enhances S-mediated cell-cell fusion in collaboration with ACE2. This effect cannot be inhibited by the putative α5β1 inhibitor ATN-161 or the high-affinity RGD-mimetic inhibitor MK-0429 but requires the participation of α5 cytoplasmic tail (CT). We detected a direct interaction between α5β1 and the S protein, but this interaction does not rely on the RGD-containing receptor binding domain of the S1 subunit of the S protein. Instead, it involves the S2 subunit of the S protein and α5β1 homo-oligomerization. Furthermore, we found that the S protein induces inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells, characterized by NF-κB activation, gasdermin D cleavage, and increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. These effects can be attenuated by the loss of α5 expression or inhibition of the α5 CT binding protein phosphodiesterase-4D (PDE4D), suggesting the involvement of α5 CT and PDE4D pathway. These findings provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by a nonclassical RGD-independent ligand-binding and signaling function of integrin α5β1 and suggest potential targets for antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Huong T. T. Nguyen
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Abigail J. Watson
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Qifang Lao
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - An Li
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI53226
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI53226
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Hu Z, Deng X, Zhou S, Zhou C, Shen M, Gao X, Huang Y. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of extracellular matrix remodelling in cerebral vasospasm. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:81. [PMID: 37925414 PMCID: PMC10625254 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral vasospasm significantly contributes to poor prognosis and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Current research indicates that the pathological and physiological mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm may be attributed to the exposure of blood vessels to toxic substances, such as oxyhaemoglobin and inflammation factors. These factors disrupt cerebral vascular homeostasis. Vascular homeostasis is maintained by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and related cell surface receptors, such as integrins, characterised by collagen deposition, collagen crosslinking, and elastin degradation within the vascular ECM. It involves interactions between the ECM and smooth muscle cells as well as endothelial cells. Its biological activities are particularly crucial in the context of cerebral vasospasm. Therefore, regulating ECM homeostasis may represent a novel therapeutic target for cerebral vasospasm. This review explores the potential pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm and the impacts of ECM protein metabolism on the vascular wall during ECM remodelling. Additionally, we underscore the significance of an ECM protein imbalance, which can lead to increased ECM stiffness and activation of the YAP pathway, resulting in vascular remodelling. Lastly, we discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, 315302, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenhui Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Menglu Shen
- Cixi Third People's Hospital, Cixi, 315324, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street 59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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LUO X, JIAN W. Different roles of endothelial cell-derived fibronectin and plasma fibronectin in endothelial dysfunction. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1667-1677. [PMID: 38813506 PMCID: PMC10760598 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Studies have demonstrated the substantial presence of fibronectin (Fn) within atherosclerotic plaques, promoting endothelial inflammation and activation. However, cellular Fn (cFn) secreted by various cell types, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and plasma Fn (pFn) produced by hepatocytes. They are distinct forms of Fn that differ in both structure and function. The specific contribution of different types of Fn in promoting endothelial cell activation and dysfunction remain uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the respective roles of pFn and endothelial cell-derived Fn (FnEC) in promoting endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Materials and methods Initially, endothelial cell injury was induced by exposing the cells to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and subsequently we generated a mutant strain of aortic endothelial cells with Fn knockdown (FnEC-KD). The impact of the FnEC-KD arel the addition of pFn on the expression levels of inflammatory factors, vasoconstrictors, and diastolic factors were compared. Results The results showed that the FnEC-KD significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, p < 0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1, p < 0.05), and endothelin (p < 0.05) expression, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB, p < 0.05) activation. These results implied that FnEC-KD inhibited both endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Surprisingly, the addition of pFn significantly inhibited the ox-LDL-induced ICAM-1 (p < 0.05), VCAM-1 (p < 0.05), and endothelin (p < 0.05) expression and NFκB (p < 0.05) activation. Implying that pFn inhibits endothelial cell activation and dysfunction. Additionally, the study revealed that ox-LDL stimulation enhanced the production of excessive nitric oxide, leading to severe endothelial cell damage. Conclusion Aortic FnEC promotes endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction, whereas pFn inhibits ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin LUO
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha,
China
| | - Weixiong JIAN
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha,
China
- Department of National Key Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory, Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha,
China
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Lin PK, Davis GE. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Vascular Disease: Defining Its Regulators and Pathological Influence. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1599-1616. [PMID: 37409533 PMCID: PMC10527588 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of structural and cellular differences (ie, degrees of matrix abundance and cross-linking, mural cell density, and adventitia), large and medium-sized vessels, in comparison to capillaries, react in a unique manner to stimuli that induce vascular disease. A stereotypical vascular injury response is ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling that occurs particularly in larger vessels in response to injurious stimuli, such as elevated angiotensin II, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, genetic deficiencies, inflammatory cell infiltration, or exposure to proinflammatory mediators. Even with substantial and prolonged vascular damage, large- and medium-sized arteries, persist, but become modified by (1) changes in vascular wall cellularity; (2) modifications in the differentiation status of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, or adventitial stem cells (each can become activated); (3) infiltration of the vascular wall by various leukocyte types; (4) increased exposure to critical growth factors and proinflammatory mediators; and (5) marked changes in the vascular ECM, that remodels from a homeostatic, prodifferentiation ECM environment to matrices that instead promote tissue reparative responses. This latter ECM presents previously hidden matricryptic sites that bind integrins to signal vascular cells and infiltrating leukocytes (in coordination with other mediators) to proliferate, invade, secrete ECM-degrading proteinases, and deposit injury-induced matrices (predisposing to vessel wall fibrosis). In contrast, in response to similar stimuli, capillaries can undergo regression responses (rarefaction). In summary, we have described the molecular events controlling ECM remodeling in major vascular diseases as well as the differential responses of arteries versus capillaries to key mediators inducing vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K. Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - George E. Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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Wang YK, Weng HK, Mo FE. The regulation and functions of the matricellular CCN proteins induced by shear stress. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z. [PMID: 37191841 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shear stress is a frictional drag generated by the flow of fluid, such as blood or interstitial fluid, and plays a critical role in regulating cellular gene expression and functional phenotype. The matricellular CCN family proteins are dynamically regulated by shear stress of different flow patterns, and their expression significantly alters the microenvironment of cells. Secreted CCN proteins mainly bind to several cell surface integrin receptors to mediate their diverse functions in regulating cell survival, function, and behavior. Gene-knockout studies indicate major functions of CCN proteins in the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, the two primary systems in which CCN expressions are regulated by shear stress. In the cardiovascular system, the endothelium is directly exposed to vascular shear stress. Unidirectional laminar blood flow generates laminar shear stress, which promotes a mature endothelial phenotype and upregulates anti-inflammatory CCN3 expression. In contrast, disturbed flow generates oscillatory shear stress, which induces endothelial dysfunction through the induction of CCN1 and CCN2. Shear-induced CCN1 binds to integrin α6β1 and promotes superoxide production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells. Although the interaction between shear stress and CCN4-6 is not clear, CCN 4 exhibits a proinflammatory property and CCN5 inhibits vascular cell growth and migration. The crucial roles of CCN proteins in cardiovascular development, homeostasis, and disease are evident but not fully understood. In the skeletal system, mechanical loading on bone generates shear stress from interstitial fluid in the lacuna-canalicular system and promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. CCN1 and CCN2 are induced and potentially mediate fluid shear stress mechanosensing in osteocytes. However, the exact roles of interstitial shear stress-induced CCN1 and CCN2 in bone are still not clear. In contrast to other CCN family proteins, CCN3 inhibits osteoblast differentiation, although its regulation by interstitial shear stress in osteocytes has not been reported. The induction of CCN proteins by shear stress in bone and their functions remain largely unknown and merit further investigation. This review discusses the expression and functions of CCN proteins regulated by shear stress in physiological conditions, diseases, and cell culture models. The roles between CCN family proteins can be compensatory or counteractive in tissue remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Kai Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Chen M, Cavinato C, Hansen J, Tanaka K, Ren P, Hassab A, Li DS, Youshao E, Tellides G, Iyengar R, Humphrey JD, Schwartz MA. FN (Fibronectin)-Integrin α5 Signaling Promotes Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e132-e150. [PMID: 36994727 PMCID: PMC10133209 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome, caused by mutations in the gene for fibrillin-1, leads to thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). Phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling are characteristic of both nonsyndromic and Marfan aneurysms. The ECM protein FN (fibronectin) is elevated in the tunica media of TAAs and amplifies inflammatory signaling in endothelial and SMCs through its main receptor, integrin α5β1. We investigated the role of integrin α5-specific signals in Marfan mice in which the cytoplasmic domain of integrin α5 was replaced with that of integrin α2 (denoted α5/2 chimera). METHODS We crossed α5/2 chimeric mice with Fbn1mgR/mgR mice (mgR model of Marfan syndrome) to evaluate the survival rate and pathogenesis of TAAs among wild-type, α5/2, mgR, and α5/2 mgR mice. Further biochemical and microscopic analysis of porcine and mouse aortic SMCs investigated molecular mechanisms by which FN affects SMCs and subsequent development of TAAs. RESULTS FN was elevated in the thoracic aortas from Marfan patients, in nonsyndromic aneurysms, and in mgR mice. The α5/2 mutation greatly prolonged survival of Marfan mice, with improved elastic fiber integrity, mechanical properties, SMC density, and SMC contractile gene expression. Furthermore, plating of wild-type SMCs on FN decreased contractile gene expression and activated inflammatory pathways whereas α5/2 SMCs were resistant. These effects correlated with increased NF-kB activation in cultured SMCs and mgR aortas, which was alleviated by the α5/2 mutation or NF-kB inhibition. CONCLUSIONS FN-integrin α5 signaling is a significant driver of TAA in the mgR mouse model. This pathway thus warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Jens Hansen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.H., R.I.)
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Abdulrahman Hassab
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - David S Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Eric Youshao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (G.T., J.D.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.H., R.I.)
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (G.T., J.D.H.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center (M.C., K.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Surgery (P.R., A.H., G.T., M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology (M.A.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT (C.C., D.S.L., E.Y., J.D.H., M.A.S.)
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12
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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13
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Chen Q, Wang W, Yuan C, Wang P. [Research progress of matrix stiffness in regulating endothelial cell sprouting]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2023; 37:202-207. [PMID: 36796817 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202210019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress on the role and mechanism of matrix stiffness in regulating endothelial cell sprouting. Methods The related literature at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the behaviors of matrix stiffness related endothelial cell sprouting in different cell cultivation conditions were analyzed, and the specific molecular mechanism of matrix stiffness regulating related signal pathways in endothelial cell sprouting was elaborated. Results In two-dimensional cell cultivation condition, increase of matrix stiffness stimulates endothelial cell sprouting within a certain range. However, in three-dimensional cell cultivation condition, the detailed function of matrix stiffness in regulating endothelial cell sprouting and angiogenesis are still unclear. At present, the research of the related molecular mechanism mainly focuses on YAP/TAZ, and roles of its upstream and downstream signal molecules. Matrix stiffness can regulate endothelial cell sprouting by activating or inhibiting signal pathways to participate in vascularization. Conclusion Matrix stiffness plays a vital role in regulating endothelial cell sprouting, but its specific role and molecular mechanism in different environments remain ambiguous and need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Chen
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221004, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221004, P. R. China
- Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221004, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China
| | - Penglai Wang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221004, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Jiangsu, 221002, P. R. China
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14
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Su B, Lim D, Qi C, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang F, Dong C, Feng Z. VPA mediates bidirectional regulation of cell cycle progression through the PPP2R2A-Chk1 signaling axis in response to HU. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:114. [PMID: 36781846 PMCID: PMC9925808 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoint kinases play a pivotal role in protecting against replicative stress. In this study, valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), was found to promote breast cancer MCF-7 cells to traverse into G2/M phase for catastrophic injury by promoting PPP2R2A (the B-regulatory subunit of Phosphatase PP2A) to facilitate the dephosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser317 and Ser345. By contrast, VPA protected normal 16HBE cells from HU toxicity through decreasing PPP2R2A expression and increasing Chk1 phosphorylation. The effect of VPA on PPP2R2A was at the post-transcription level through HDAC1/2. The in vitro results were affirmed in vivo. Patients with lower PPP2R2A expression and higher pChk1 expression showed significantly worse survival. PPP2R2A D197 and N181 are essential for PPP2R2A-Chk1 signaling and VPA-mediated bidirectional effect on augmenting HU-induced tumor cell death and protecting normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Su
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - David Lim
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Chenyang Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junxiao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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15
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Abstract
The endothelium is a dynamic, semipermeable layer lining all blood vessels, regulating blood vessel formation and barrier function. Proper composition and function of the endothelial barrier are required for fluid homeostasis, and clinical conditions characterized by barrier disruption are associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates. Endothelial barrier properties are regulated by cell-cell junctions and intracellular signaling pathways governing the cytoskeleton, but recent insights indicate an increasingly important role for integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and signaling in endothelial barrier regulation. Here, we discuss diseases characterized by endothelial barrier disruption, and provide an overview of the composition of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion complexes and associated signaling pathways, their crosstalk with cell-cell junctions, and with other receptors. We further present recent insights into the role of cell-matrix adhesions in the developing and mature/adult endothelium of various vascular beds, and discuss how the dynamic regulation and turnover of cell-matrix adhesions regulates endothelial barrier function in (patho)physiological conditions like angiogenesis, inflammation and in response to hemodynamic stress. Finally, as clinical conditions associated with vascular leak still lack direct treatment, we focus on how understanding of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion may provide novel targets for treatment, and discuss current translational challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the NetherlandsInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, the Netherlands (C.M.)
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16
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Li X, McLain C, Samuel MS, Olson MF, Radice GL. Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension promotes Yap nuclear translocation and myocardial proliferation through α5 integrin signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201013. [PMID: 36621002 PMCID: PMC10110499 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte phenotypic switch from a proliferative to terminally differentiated state results in the loss of regenerative potential of the mammalian heart shortly after birth. Nonmuscle myosin IIB (NM IIB)-mediated actomyosin contractility regulates cardiomyocyte cytokinesis in the embryonic heart, and NM IIB levels decline after birth, suggesting a role for cellular tension in the regulation of cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in the postnatal heart. To investigate the role of actomyosin contractility in cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, we conditionally activated ROCK2 kinase domain (ROCK2:ER) in the murine postnatal heart. Here, we show that α5/β1 integrin and fibronectin matrix increase in response to actomyosin-mediated tension. Moreover, activation of ROCK2:ER promotes nuclear translocation of Yap, a mechanosensitive transcriptional co-activator, and enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, we show that reduction of myocardial α5 integrin rescues the myocardial proliferation phenotype in ROCK2:ER hearts. These data demonstrate that cardiomyocytes respond to increased intracellular tension by altering their intercellular contacts in favor of cell-matrix interactions, leading to Yap nuclear translocation, thus uncovering a function for nonmuscle myosin contractility in promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation in the postnatal heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Callie McLain
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Michael S. Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Michael F. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Glenn L. Radice
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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17
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Chen M, Hu R, Cavinato C, Zhuang ZW, Zhang J, Yun S, Fernandez Tussy P, Singh A, Murtada SI, Tanaka K, Liu M, Fernández-Hernando C, Humphrey JD, Schwartz MA. Fibronectin-Integrin α5 Signaling in Vascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:2020-2033. [PMID: 35771994 PMCID: PMC9450851 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular complications are a major cause of illness and death in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Diabetic vascular basement membranes are enriched in fibronectin (FN), an extracellular matrix protein that amplifies inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells through its main receptor, integrin α5β1. Binding of the integrin α5 cytoplasmic domain to phosphodiesterase 4D5 (PDE4D5), which increases phosphodiesterase catalytic activity and inhibits antiinflammatory cAMP signaling, was found to mediate these effects. Here, we examined mice in which the integrin α5 cytoplasmic domain is replaced by that of α2 (integrin α5/2) or the integrin α5 binding site in PDE4D is mutated (PDE4Dmut). T1D was induced via injection of streptozotocin and hyperlipidemia induced via injection of PCSK9 virus and provision of a high-fat diet. We found that in T1D and hyperlipidemia, the integrin α5/2 mutation reduced atherosclerosis plaque size by ∼50%, with reduced inflammatory cell invasion and metalloproteinase expression. Integrin α5/2 T1D mice also had improved blood-flow recovery from hindlimb ischemia and improved biomechanical properties of the carotid artery. By contrast, the PDE4Dmut had no beneficial effects in T1D. FN signaling through integrin α5 is thus a major contributor to diabetic vascular disease but not through its interaction with PDE4D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rui Hu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Zhenwu W. Zhuang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Pablo Fernandez Tussy
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Keiichiro Tanaka
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Min Liu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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18
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Zheng A, Chen Q, Zhang L. The Hippo-YAP pathway in various cardiovascular diseases: Focusing on the inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971416. [PMID: 36059522 PMCID: PMC9433876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals as a key regulator of tissue growth both in physiological and pathological states. Numerous studies depict the vital role of the Hippo pathway in cardiovascular development, heart regeneration, organ size and vascular remodeling through the regulation of YAP (yes-associated protein) translocation. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the Hippo-YAP pathway in inflammation and immunology. Although the Hippo-YAP pathway has been revealed to play controversial roles in different contexts and cell types in the cardiovascular system, the mechanisms regulating tissue inflammation and the immune response remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize findings from the past decade on the function and mechanism of the Hippo-YAP pathway in CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy and atherosclerosis. In particular, we emphasize the role of the Hippo-YAP pathway in regulating inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Zhang
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang, ; Qishan Chen,
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19
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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20
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Li R, Zhang C, Xie F, Zhou X, Hu X, Shi J, Du X, Lin Z, Dong N. Protein Phosphatase 2A Deficiency in Macrophages Increases Foam Cell Formation and Accelerates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:745009. [PMID: 35118139 PMCID: PMC8803755 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.745009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a crucial serine/threonine phosphatase, has recently been reported to play an important role in cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have hinted that PP2A is involved in atherosclerosis formation, but the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the role of PP2A in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In human atherosclerotic coronary arteries, we found that the expression and activity of PP2A decreased significantly when compared to non-atherosclerotic arteries. Additional experiments demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of PP2A aggravated atherosclerosis of ApoE−/− mice. Considering the central role of macrophages in atherosclerosis, mice with conditional knockout of the PP2A-Cα subunit in myeloid cells were produced to investigate the function of PP2A in macrophages. Results showed that PP2A deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in mice. in vitro experiments indicated that PP2A-deficient macrophages had an enhanced ability of lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, the deficiency of the PP2A in macrophages led to an increase in the phosphorylation level of p38, which contributed to the elevated expression of scavenger receptor CD36, a key factor involved in lipoprotein uptake. Our data suggest that PP2A participates in the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis. The decrease of PP2A expression and activity in macrophages is a crucial determinant for foam cell formation and the initiation of atherosclerosis. Our study may provide a potential novel approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjian Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinling Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xinling Du
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Cardiology Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Zhiyong Lin
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Nianguo Dong
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21
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Zhang DM, Deng JJ, Wu YG, Tang T, Xiong L, Zheng YF, Xu XM. MicroRNA-223-3p Protect Against Radiation-Induced Cardiac Toxicity by Alleviating Myocardial Oxidative Stress and Programmed Cell Death via Targeting the AMPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801661. [PMID: 35111759 PMCID: PMC8801819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Radiotherapy improves the survival rate of cancer patients, yet it also involves some inevitable complications. Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is one of the most serious complications, especially the radiotherapy of thoracic tumors, which is characterized by cardiac oxidative stress disorder and programmed cell death. At present, there is no effective treatment strategy for RIHD; in addition, it cannot be reversed when it progresses. This study aims to explore the role and potential mechanism of microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) in RIHD.Methods: Mice were injected with miR-223-3p mimic, inhibitor, or their respective controls in the tail vein and received a single dose of 20 Gy whole-heart irradiation (WHI) for 16 weeks after 3 days to construct a RIHD mouse model. To inhibit adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) or phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), compound C (CompC) and AAV9-shPDE4D were used.Results: WHI treatment significantly inhibited the expression of miR-223-3p in the hearts; furthermore, the levels of miR-223-3p decreased in a radiation time-dependent manner. miR-223-3p mimic significantly relieved, while miR-223-3p inhibitor aggravated apoptosis, oxidative damage, and cardiac dysfunction in RIHD mice. In addition, we found that miR-223-3p mimic improves WHI-induced myocardial injury by activating AMPK and that the inhibition of AMPK by CompC completely blocks these protective effects of miR-223-3p mimic. Further studies found that miR-223-3p lowers the protein levels of PDE4D and inhibiting PDE4D by AAV9-shPDE4D blocks the WHI-induced myocardial injury mediated by miR-223-3p inhibitor.Conclusion: miR-223-3p ameliorates WHI-induced RIHD through anti-oxidant and anti-programmed cell death mechanisms via activating AMPK by PDE4D regulation. miR-223-3p mimic exhibits potential value in the treatment of RIHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-ming Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-jian Deng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-gui Wu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Tang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-fa Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-fa Zheng, ; Xi-ming Xu,
| | - Xi-ming Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-fa Zheng, ; Xi-ming Xu,
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22
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Sergienko NM, Donner DG, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Weeks KL. Protein phosphatase 2A in the healthy and failing heart: New insights and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Signal 2021; 91:110213. [PMID: 34902541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases have emerged as critical regulators of phosphoprotein homeostasis in settings of health and disease. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) encompasses a large subfamily of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from serine/threonine residues within phosphoproteins. The heterogeneity in PP2A structure, which arises from the grouping of different catalytic, scaffolding and regulatory subunit isoforms, creates distinct populations of catalytically active enzymes (i.e. holoenzymes) that localise to different parts of the cell. This structural complexity, combined with other regulatory mechanisms, such as interaction of PP2A heterotrimers with accessory proteins and post-translational modification of the catalytic and/or regulatory subunits, enables PP2A holoenzymes to target phosphoprotein substrates in a highly specific manner. In this review, we summarise the roles of PP2A in cardiac physiology and disease. PP2A modulates numerous processes that are vital for heart function including calcium handling, contractility, β-adrenergic signalling, metabolism and transcription. Dysregulation of PP2A has been observed in human cardiac disease settings, including heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Efforts are underway, particularly in the cancer field, to develop therapeutics targeting PP2A activity. The development of small molecule activators of PP2A (SMAPs) and other compounds that selectively target specific PP2A holoenzymes (e.g. PP2A/B56α and PP2A/B56ε) will improve understanding of the function of different PP2A species in the heart, and may lead to the development of therapeutics for normalising aberrant protein phosphorylation in settings of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Sergienko
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia.
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He J, Cui Z, Zhu Y. The role of caveolae in endothelial dysfunction. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:78-91. [PMID: 37724072 PMCID: PMC10388784 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Caveolae, the specialized cell-surface plasma membrane invaginations which are abundant in endothelial cells, play critical roles in regulating various cellular processes, including cholesterol homeostasis, nitric oxide production, and signal transduction. Endothelial caveolae serve as a membrane platform for compartmentalization, modulation, and integration of signal events associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase, ATP synthase β, and integrins, which are involved in the regulation of endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Furthermore, these dynamic microdomains on cell membrane are modulated by various extracellular stimuli, including cholesterol and flow shear stress. In this brief review, we summarize the critical roles of caveolae in the orchestration of endothelial function based on recent findings as well as our work over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Zhen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
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24
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Sun C, He B, Sun M, Lv X, Wang F, Chen J, Zhang J, Ye Z, Wen J, Liu P. Yes-Associated Protein in Atherosclerosis and Related Complications: A Potential Therapeutic Target That Requires Further Exploration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:704208. [PMID: 34513949 PMCID: PMC8430249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.704208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications diseases remain leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, bringing a massive burden on public health worldwide. Atherosclerosis is recognized as chronic inflammation, and involves several highly correlated processes, including lipid metabolism dysfunction, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular smooth muscle cell activation, platelet activation, thrombosis, altered matrix metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Within the past few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that the Yes-associated protein (YAP), the major effector of the Hippo pathway, can play a crucial role in pathogenesis and development of atherosclerosis. Activation of YAP-related pathways, which are induced by alerting flow pattern and matrix stiffness among others, can regulate processes including vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, monocyte infiltration, and smooth muscle cell migration, which contribute to atherosclerotic lesion formation. Further, YAP potentially modulates atherosclerotic complications such as vascular calcification and intraplaque hemorrhage, which require further investigation. Here, we summarized the relevant literature to outline current findings detailing the relationship between of YAP and atherosclerosis and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congrui Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin He
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuo Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyan Wen
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Budatha M, Zhang J, Schwartz MA. Fibronectin-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling Through Integrin α5 in Vascular Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021160. [PMID: 34472370 PMCID: PMC8649308 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Adhesion of vascular endothelial cells to the underlying basement membrane potently modulates endothelial cells to cells' inflammatory activation. The normal basement membrane proteins laminin and collagen IV attenuate inflammatory signaling in part through integrin α2β1. In contrast, fibronectin, the provisional matrix protein found in injured, remodeling or inflamed vessels, sensitizes endothelial cells to inflammatory stimuli through integrins α5β1and and αvβ3. A chimeric integrin in which the cytoplasmic domain of α5 is replaced with that of α2 pairs with β1 and binds fibronectin but signals like α2β1. Methods and Results Here, we examined mice in which integrin α5 is replaced with the α5/2 chimera, using the transverse aortic constriction and partial carotid ligation models of vessel remodeling. Following transverse aortic constriction and partial carotid ligation surgery, wild‐type mice showed increased fibronectin deposition and expression of inflammatory markers, which were strongly attenuated in a5/2 mice. α5/2 mice also showed reduced artery wall hypertrophy in the transverse aortic constriction model and diminished inward remodeling in the partial carotid ligation model. Acute atherosclerosis after partial carotid ligation in hyperlipidemic ApoE−/− mice on a high fat diet was dramatically decreased in α5/2 mice. Conclusions Fibronectin and integrin α5 signaling is a key element of pathological vascular remodeling in acute models of both hypertension and disturbed flow. These results underscore the key role for integrin α5 signaling in pathological vascular remodeling associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis and support its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Budatha
- Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology University of Texas Long School of Medicine San Antonio TX.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center New Haven CT.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center New Haven CT.,Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT.,Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven CT
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26
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Park H, Furtado J, Poulet M, Chung M, Yun S, Lee S, Sessa WC, Franco CA, Schwartz MA, Eichmann A. Defective Flow-Migration Coupling Causes Arteriovenous Malformations in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Circulation 2021; 144:805-822. [PMID: 34182767 PMCID: PMC8429266 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.053047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial transmembrane serine threonine kinase receptor for BMP family ligands that plays a critical role in cardiovascular development and pathology. Loss-of-function mutations in the ALK1 gene cause type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, a devastating disorder that leads to arteriovenous malformations. Here, we show that ALK1 controls endothelial cell polarization against the direction of blood flow and flow-induced endothelial migration from veins through capillaries into arterioles. METHODS Using Cre lines that recombine in different subsets of arterial, capillary-venous, or endothelial tip cells, we show that capillary-venous Alk1 deletion was sufficient to induce arteriovenous malformation formation in the postnatal retina. RESULTS ALK1 deletion impaired capillary-venous endothelial cell polarization against the direction of blood flow in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ALK1-deficient cells exhibited increased integrin signaling interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which enhanced downstream YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. Pharmacologic inhibition of integrin or YAP/TAZ signaling rescued flow migration coupling and prevented vascular malformations in Alk1-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals ALK1 as an essential driver of flow-induced endothelial cell migration and identifies loss of flow-migration coupling as a driver of arteriovenous malformation formation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia disease. Integrin-YAP/TAZ signaling blockers are new potential targets to prevent vascular malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Park
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Jessica Furtado
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Mathilde Poulet
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Minhwan Chung
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, New Haven CT, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Claudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
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27
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Geng X, Ho YC, Srinivasan RS. Biochemical and mechanical signals in the lymphatic vasculature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5903-5923. [PMID: 34240226 PMCID: PMC11072415 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vasculature is an integral part of the cardiovascular system where it maintains interstitial fluid balance. Additionally, lymphatic vasculature regulates lipid assimilation and inflammatory response. Lymphatic vasculature is composed of lymphatic capillaries, collecting lymphatic vessels and valves that function in synergy to absorb and transport fluid against gravitational and pressure gradients. Defects in lymphatic vessels or valves leads to fluid accumulation in tissues (lymphedema), chylous ascites, chylothorax, metabolic disorders and inflammation. The past three decades of research has identified numerous molecules that are necessary for the stepwise development of lymphatic vasculature. However, approaches to treat lymphatic disorders are still limited to massages and compression bandages. Hence, better understanding of the mechanisms that regulate lymphatic vascular development and function is urgently needed to develop efficient therapies. Recent research has linked mechanical signals such as shear stress and matrix stiffness with biochemical pathways that regulate lymphatic vessel growth, patterning and maturation and valve formation. The goal of this review article is to highlight these innovative developments and speculate on unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Ho
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73013, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
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Paes D, Schepers M, Rombaut B, van den Hove D, Vanmierlo T, Prickaerts J. The Molecular Biology of Phosphodiesterase 4 Enzymes as Pharmacological Targets: An Interplay of Isoforms, Conformational States, and Inhibitors. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:1016-1049. [PMID: 34233947 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family plays a pivotal role in regulating levels of the second messenger cAMP. Consequently, PDE4 inhibitors have been investigated as a therapeutic strategy to enhance cAMP signaling in a broad range of diseases, including several types of cancers, as well as in various neurologic, dermatological, and inflammatory diseases. Despite their widespread therapeutic potential, the progression of PDE4 inhibitors into the clinic has been hampered because of their related relatively small therapeutic window, which increases the chance of producing adverse side effects. Interestingly, the PDE4 enzyme family consists of several subtypes and isoforms that can be modified post-translationally or can engage in specific protein-protein interactions to yield a variety of conformational states. Inhibition of specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, or conformational states may lead to more precise effects and hence improve the safety profile of PDE4 inhibition. In this review, we provide an overview of the variety of PDE4 isoforms and how their activity and inhibition is influenced by post-translational modifications and interactions with partner proteins. Furthermore, we describe the importance of screening potential PDE4 inhibitors in view of different PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and conformational states rather than testing compounds directed toward a specific PDE4 catalytic domain. Lastly, potential mechanisms underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects are outlined. In this review, we illustrate that PDE4 inhibitors retain their therapeutic potential in myriad diseases, but target identification should be more precise to establish selective inhibition of disease-affected PDE4 isoforms while avoiding isoforms involved in adverse effects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the PDE4 enzyme family is a therapeutic target in an extensive range of disorders, clinical use of PDE4 inhibitors has been hindered because of the adverse side effects. This review elaborately shows that safer and more effective PDE4 targeting is possible by characterizing 1) which PDE4 subtypes and isoforms exist, 2) how PDE4 isoforms can adopt specific conformations upon post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions, and 3) which PDE4 inhibitors can selectively bind specific PDE4 subtypes, isoforms, and/or conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Paes
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Daniel van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (D.P, M.S., B.R., D.v.d.H., T.V., J.P.); Department of Neuroscience, Neuro-Immune Connect and Repair laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium (D.P., M.S., B.R., T.V.); and Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (D.v.d.H.)
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29
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Li W, Hou G, Lv J, Lin F, Song G, Li R. MicroRNA-30d-5p ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via activating AMPKα. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:431-442. [PMID: 34157933 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1933517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating lung disease characterized by uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Currently, no effective therapeutic strategies are available for ALI and its prognosis remains poor. The present study aims to investigate the role and potential mechanism of microRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d-5p) in the progression of ALI. METHODS Mice were intravenously treated with miR-30d-5p agomir, antagomir or their respective controls for 3 consecutive days and then were exposed to a single intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h at a dosage of 5 mg/kg to induce ALI. To inhibit adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) or phosphodiesterase 4 D (PDE4D), compound C (CpC) and rolipram were used. RESULTS miR-30d-5p expression in the lungs was significantly inhibited by LPS treatment. miR-30d-5p agomir significantly alleviated, while miR-30d-5p antagomir aggravated pulmonary inflammation, oxidative damage, and dysfunction in ALI mice. Besides, we found that miR-30d-5p agomir ameliorated LPS-induced ALI via activating AMPKα and that the inhibition of AMPKα by CpC completely abolished these beneficial effects of miR-30d-5p agomir. Further findings validated that PDE4D downregulation was required for the activation of AMPKα by miR-30d-5p agomir. CONCLUSION miR-30d-5p ameliorates LPS-induced ALI via activating AMPKα and it is a valuable therapeutic candidate in the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People' s Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yangxin People's Hospital, Huangshi, China
| | - Jianfa Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hanchuan People's Hospital, Hanchuan, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Macheng People's Hospital, Macheng, China
| | - Gan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Macheng People's Hospital, Macheng, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Cai X, Wang KC, Meng Z. Mechanoregulation of YAP and TAZ in Cellular Homeostasis and Disease Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673599. [PMID: 34109179 PMCID: PMC8182050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues, such as mechanical properties, play a critical role in tissue growth and homeostasis. During organ development and tissue injury repair, compressive and tensional forces generated by cell-extracellular matrix or cell-cell interaction are key factors for cell fate determination. In the vascular system, hemodynamic forces, shear stress, and cyclic stretch modulate vascular cell phenotypes and susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Despite that emerging efforts have been made to investigate how mechanotransduction is involved in tuning cell and tissue functions in various contexts, the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. One of the challenges is to understand the signaling cascades that transmit mechanical cues from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm and then to the nuclei to generate mechanoresponsive transcriptomes. YAP and its homolog TAZ, the Hippo pathway effectors, have been identified as key mechanotransducers that sense mechanical stimuli and relay the signals to control transcriptional programs for cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation. However, the upstream mechanosensors for YAP/TAZ signaling and downstream transcriptome responses following YAP/TAZ activation or repression have not been well characterized. Moreover, the mechanoregulation of YAP/TAZ in literature is highly context-dependent. In this review, we summarize the biomechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment and provide an update on the roles of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuei-Chun Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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31
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Jiang X, Hu J, Wu Z, Cafarello ST, Di Matteo M, Shen Y, Dong X, Adler H, Mazzone M, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Wang X. Protein Phosphatase 2A Mediates YAP Activation in Endothelial Cells Upon VEGF Stimulation and Matrix Stiffness. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675562. [PMID: 34055807 PMCID: PMC8158299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process during development. Abnormal angiogenesis also contributes to many disease conditions such as tumor and retinal diseases. Previous studies have established the Hippo signaling pathway effector Yes-associated protein (YAP) as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis. In ECs, activated YAP promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprouting. YAP activity is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. However, it is unclear how VEGF or ECM stiffness signal to YAP, especially how dephosphorylation of YAP occurs in response to VEGF stimulus or ECM stiffening. Here, we show that protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is required for this process. Blocking PP2A activity abolishes VEGF or ECM stiffening mediated YAP activation. Systemic administration of a PP2A inhibitor suppresses YAP activity in blood vessels in developmental and pathological angiogenesis mouse models. Consistently, PP2A inhibitor also inhibits sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PP2A directly interacts with YAP, and this interaction requires proper cytoskeleton dynamics. These findings identify PP2A as a crucial mediator of YAP activation in ECs and hence as an important regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziru Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sarah Trusso Cafarello
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ying Shen
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xue Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Heike Adler
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- European Center for Angioscience, Medicine Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Okamoto T, Park EJ, Kawamoto E, Usuda H, Wada K, Taguchi A, Shimaoka M. Endothelial connexin-integrin crosstalk in vascular inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166168. [PMID: 33991620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases including blood vessel disorders represent a major cause of death globally. The essential roles played by local and systemic vascular inflammation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases have been increasingly recognized. Vascular inflammation triggers the aberrant activation of endothelial cells, which leads to the functional and structural abnormalities in vascular vessels. In addition to humoral mediators such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins, the alteration of physical and mechanical microenvironment - including vascular stiffness and shear stress - modify the gene expression profiles and metabolic profiles of endothelial cells via mechano-transduction pathways, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of vessel disorders. Notably, connexins and integrins crosstalk each other in response to the mechanical stress, and, thereby, play an important role in regulating the mechano-transduction of endothelial cells. Here, we provide an overview on how the inter-play between connexins and integrins in endothelial cells unfold during the mechano-transduction in vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-city, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Haruki Usuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-city, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo-city, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-city, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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33
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Mo FE. Shear-Regulated Extracellular Microenvironments and Endothelial Cell Surface Integrin Receptors Intertwine in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640781. [PMID: 33889574 PMCID: PMC8056009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces imposed by blood flow shear stress directly modulate endothelial gene expression and functional phenotype. The production of extracellular matrix proteins and corresponding cell-surface integrin receptors in arterial endothelial cells is intricately regulated by blood flow patterns. Laminar blood flow promotes mature and atheroresistant endothelial phenotype, while disturbed flow induces dysfunctional and atheroprone endothelial responses. Here, we discuss how hemodynamic changes orchestrate the remodeling of extracellular microenvironments and the expression profile of the integrin receptors in endothelial cells leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeting the interaction between matrix proteins and their corresponding integrins is a potential therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-E Mo
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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34
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Hou J, Yan D, Liu Y, Huang P, Cui H. The Roles of Integrin α5β1 in Human Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13329-13344. [PMID: 33408483 PMCID: PMC7781020 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s273803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix has important roles in tissue integrity and human health. Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface receptors that are composed by two non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits that mainly participate in the interaction of cell-cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix and regulate cell motility, adhesion, differentiation, migration, proliferation, etc. In mammals, there have been eighteen α subunits and 8 β subunits and so far 24 distinct types of αβ integrin heterodimers have been identified in humans. Integrin α5β1, also known as the fibronectin receptor, is a heterodimer with α5 and β1 subunits and has emerged as an essential mediator in many human carcinomas. Integrin α5β1 alteration is closely linked to the progression of several types of human cancers, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and cancerogenesis. In this review, we will introduce the functions of integrin α5β1 in cancer progression and also explore its regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the potential clinical applications as a target for cancer imaging and therapy are discussed. Collectively, the information reviewed here may increase the understanding of integrin α5β1 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Du Yan
- Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing 400716, People's Republic of China
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35
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Al-Yafeai Z, Pearson BH, Peretik JM, Cockerham ED, Reeves KA, Bhattarai U, Wang D, Petrich BG, Orr AW. Integrin affinity modulation critically regulates atherogenic endothelial activation in vitro and in vivo. Matrix Biol 2020; 96:87-103. [PMID: 33157226 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While vital to platelet and leukocyte adhesion, the role of integrin affinity modulation in adherent cells remains controversial. In endothelial cells, atheroprone hemodynamics and oxidized lipoproteins drive an increase in the high affinity conformation of α5β1 integrins in endothelial cells in vitro, and α5β1 integrin inhibitors reduce proinflammatory endothelial activation to these stimuli in vitro and in vivo. However, the importance of α5β1 integrin affinity modulation to endothelial phenotype remains unknown. We now show that endothelial cells (talin1 L325R) unable to induce high affinity integrins initially adhere and spread but show significant defects in nascent adhesion formation. In contrast, overall focal adhesion number, area, and composition in stably adherent cells are similar between talin1 wildtype and talin1 L325R endothelial cells. However, talin1 L325R endothelial cells fail to induce high affinity α5β1 integrins, fibronectin deposition, and proinflammatory responses to atheroprone hemodynamics and oxidized lipoproteins. Inducing the high affinity conformation of α5β1 integrins in talin1 L325R endothelial cells suggest that NF-κB activation and maximal fibronectin deposition require both integrin activation and other integrin-independent signaling. In endothelial-specific talin1 L325R mice, atheroprone hemodynamics fail to promote inflammation and macrophage recruitment, demonstrating a vital role for integrin activation in regulating endothelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Al-Yafeai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Brenna H Pearson
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Jonette M Peretik
- Pathology and Translational Pathobiology,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Elizabeth D Cockerham
- Pathology and Translational Pathobiology,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Kaylea A Reeves
- Pathology and Translational Pathobiology,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Umesh Bhattarai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Pathology and Translational Pathobiology,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Shreveport, LA, Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - A Wayne Orr
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.; Cell Biology and Anatomy,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.; Pathology and Translational Pathobiology,LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, 1501 Kings Hwy, Biomedical Research Institute, Rm. 6-21, LSU Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
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36
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Chen Z, Yan M, Li B, Lv H, Wang C, Xiang S, Shi L, Zhu Y, Ai D. Coupling of Integrin α5 to Annexin A2 by Flow Drives Endothelial Activation. Circ Res 2020; 127:1074-1090. [PMID: 32673515 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs at specific sites of the vasculature where endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Translocation of integrin α5 to lipid rafts promotes integrin activation and ligation, which is critical for oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced EC activation. However, the underlying mechanism of OSS promoted integrin α5 lipid raft translocation has remained largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to specify the mechanotransduction mechanism of OSS-induced integrin α5 translocation and subsequent EC activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mass spectrometry studies identified endothelial ANXA2 (annexin A2) as a potential carrier allowing integrin α5β1 to traffic in response to OSS. Interference by siRNA of AnxA2 in ECs greatly decreased OSS-induced integrin α5β1 translocation to lipid rafts, EC activation, and monocyte adhesion. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) blunted OSS-induced integrin α5β1 activation, which is dependent on Piezo1-mediated calcium influx in ECs. Furthermore, ANXA2 was identified as a direct substrate of activated PTP1B by mass spectrometry. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay, PTP1B-dephosphorylated ANXA2 at Y24 was found to lead to conformational freedom of the C-terminal core domain from the N-terminal domain of ANXA2. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that this unmasked ANXA2-C-terminal core domain specifically binds to an integrin α5 nonconserved cytoplasmic domain but not β1. Importantly, ectopic lentiviral overexpression of an ANXA2Y24F mutant increased and shRNA against Ptp1B decreased integrin α5β1 ligation, inflammatory signaling, and progression of plaques at atheroprone sites in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. However, the antiatherosclerotic effect of Ptp1B shRNA was abolished in AnxA2-/-ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidate a novel endothelial mechanotransduction molecular mechanism linking atheroprone flow and activation of integrin α5β1, thereby identifying a class of potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Graphic Abstract: An graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Bochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Huizhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.X., L.S.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.X., L.S.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
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37
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Ehling M, Celus W, Martín-Pérez R, Alba-Rovira R, Willox S, Ponti D, Cid MC, Jones EAV, Di Conza G, Mazzone M. B55α/PP2A Limits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis During Vascular Remodeling: A Complementary Approach To Disrupt Pathological Vessels? Circ Res 2020; 127:707-723. [PMID: 32527198 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE How endothelial cells (ECs) migrate and form an immature vascular plexus has been extensively studied. Yet, mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling remain poorly established. A better understanding of these processes may lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies complementary to current angiogenesis inhibitors. OBJECTIVE Starting from our previous observations that PP2A (protein phosphatase 2) regulates the HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)/PHD-2 (prolyl hydroxylase 2)-constituted oxygen machinery, we hypothesized that this axis could play an important role during blood vessel formation, tissue perfusion, and oxygen restoration. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that the PP2A regulatory subunit B55α is at the crossroad between vessel pruning and vessel maturation. Blood vessels with high B55α counter cell stress conditions and thrive for stabilization and maturation. When B55α is inhibited, ECs cannot cope with cell stress and undergo apoptosis, leading to massive pruning of nascent blood vessels. Mechanistically, we found that the B55α/PP2A complex restrains PHD-2 activity, promoting EC survival in a HIF-dependent manner, and furthermore dephosphorylates p38, altogether protecting ECs against cell stress occurring, for example, during the onset of blood flow. In tumors, EC-specific B55α deficiency induces pruning of immature-like tumor blood vessels resulting in delayed tumor growth and metastasis, without affecting nonpathological vessels. Consistently, systemic administration of a pan-PP2A inhibitor disrupts vascular network formation and tumor progression in vivo without additional effects on B55α-deficient vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our data underline a unique role of the B55α/PP2A phosphatase complex in vessel remodeling and suggest the use of PP2A-inhibitors as potent antiangiogenic drugs targeting specifically nascent blood vessels with a mode-of-action complementary to VEGF-R (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor)-targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ehling
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ward Celus
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rosa Martín-Pérez
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roser Alba-Rovira
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium.,Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona (R.A.-R., M.C.C.)
| | - Sander Willox
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donatella Ponti
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium.,Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina (D.P.)
| | - Maria C Cid
- Vasculitis Research Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona (R.A.-R., M.C.C.)
| | | | - Giusy Di Conza
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- From the Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.).,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, and Department of Oncology (M.E., W.C., R.M.-P., R.A.-R., S.W., D.P., G.D.C., M.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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