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Aggarwal S, Narang R, Saluja D, Srivastava K. Diagnostic potential of SORT1 gene in coronary artery disease. Gene 2024; 909:148308. [PMID: 38395240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies identify SORT1 gene associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Sortilin protein enhances LDL absorption, form cell development, and atherosclerosis in macrophages. AIM We therefore explored SORT1 expression in CAD patients and its gene expression's predictive usefulness for the severity of the disease. METHODOLOGY This is a case control study and Quantitative real-time PCR; Sandwich ELISA and western blotting were used to determine the expression of SORT1 gene at the mRNA and protein level in two hundred healthy controls and two hundred patients with various CAD syndromes. RESULTS CAD patients exhibit higher SORT1 gene expression in CAD patients, a higher concentration of sortilin in their plasma, and distinct expression patterns in various CAD syndromes. The study reveals a positive correlation between gene expression and the severity of coronary artery stenosis, the number of diseased vessels, and the presence of diabetes. ROC curve analysis of SORT1 gene expression both at mRNA and protein level showed strong discrimination between significant CAD and control subjects. CONCLUSION Therefore, elevated SORT1 gene expression in various CAD syndromes may be a potential biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Aggarwal
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajiv Narang
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India; Delhi School of Public Health, Institute of Eminence, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kamna Srivastava
- Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
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2
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Popescu AI, Rata AL, Barac S, Popescu R, Onofrei RR, Vlad C, Vlad D. Narrative Review of Biological Markers in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:798. [PMID: 38672153 PMCID: PMC11047884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, is diagnosed in the presence of ischemic rest pain, non-healing ulcers, or gangrene. Several studies have demonstrated that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are some of the main substrates of CLTI. METHODS A narrative review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were searched-Web of Science, Medline, and EMBASE-for the studies assessing CLTI and the biological markers related to it. RESULTS We included 22 studies, and all the markers identified (C-reactive protein, D-dimers, fibrinogen, cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1 (Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1), VCAM-1 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1), neutrophile-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), IL-8, Pentraxin-3, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), calprotectin, E-selectin, P-selectin, neopterin, High-Mobility Group Box-1 protein (HGMB-1), Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and Sortilin) were positively associated with advanced CLTI, with major limb or major cardiovascular events in these patients. CONCLUSIONS All the studied markers had increased values in patients with CLTI, especially when associated with diabetes mellitus, proving a very important association between diabetes and major limb or cardiovascular events in these patients. There is a need for more studies to validate these markers in terms of diagnosis or prognosis in CLTI patients and in trying to find new medical strategies that target inflammation or endothelial dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ioana Popescu
- Pharmacology Department, Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Andreea Luciana Rata
- Surgical Emergencies Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Sorin Barac
- Vascular Surgery Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Popescu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Ramona Onofrei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Research Center for Assessment of Human Motion, Functionality and Disability, ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristian Vlad
- Pharmacology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (D.V.)
| | - Daliborca Vlad
- Pharmacology Department, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.V.); (D.V.)
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Atak M, Sevim Nalkiran H, Bostan M, Uydu HA. The association of Sort1 expression with LDL subfraction and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease. Acta Cardiol 2024; 79:159-166. [PMID: 38095557 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2023.2285534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversial effect of sortilin on lipoprotein metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis reveals the need for more extensive research. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Sort1 gene expression and lipids, lipoprotein subfractions, and inflammation in CAD. METHODS The study population included 162 subjects with CAD and 49 healthy individuals. The Sort1 gene expression level was determined by qRT-PCR using Human Sortilin TaqMan Gene Expression Assays. Lipoprotein subclasses were analysed by the Lipoprint system. Serum levels of apolipoprotein and CRP were measured by autoanalyzer. RESULTS Sort1 gene expression and atherogenic subfraction (SdLDL) levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) while atheroprotective subfraction (LbLDL) was lower in the subjects with CAD (p < 0.050). Also, increased Sort1 gene expression levels were observed in those with higher CRP values. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the high Sort1 gene expression has a prominent linear relationship with both the atherogenic LDL phenotype and proinflammation, thereby might contribute to the occurrence of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Atak
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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4
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Long S, Liu Z, Wang Y. Sortilin inhibition in microglial cells cannot alleviate ischemia and hypoxia-induced neuronal injury in co-culture. Neuroreport 2024; 35:320-327. [PMID: 38305117 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Sortilin is a single-pass type I transmembrane protein which can bind to various cargo proteins, regulating their surface location, secretion, or degradation in lysosomes. In our previous study, we found that sortilin can regulate progranulin expression by transporting it to lysosomes and reduce neuronal cell injury in hypoxia-ischemia, but the expression and function of sortilin in microglial cells during hypoxia-ischemia are unknown. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the function of sortilin in microglial cells and its effect on neuron cells. In rat BV2 microglial cells, sortilin was knocked down by lentivirus. After oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), expression of sortilin, progranulin (PGRN) and JNK pathway was detected by western blot, immunofluorescence was used to show the localization of PGRN, secretion of TNFα/IL-6 was measured by Elisa. Then co-culture microglial cells with neuron cells during hypoxia-ischemia and detected the neuron injury by CCK-8 and TUNEL. The expression of sortilin, mature and cleaved PGRN were all increased after OGD/R in microglial cells. Furthermore, sortilin inhibition accompany with less PGRN localization in lysosomes and more mature and less cleaved PGRN expression in microglial cells. Sortilin inhibition also can reduce the inflammatory response in microglial cells, but it does not alleviate neuronal injury in co-culture. This study demonstrated that sortilin can regulate the expression of PGRN and reduce the inflammatory response in microglial cells. However, only inhibiting sortilin in microglial cells did not have an impact on the survival of neurons during ischemia-hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Long
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Zhao Liu
- Chongqing General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University
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5
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Georgoula M, Ntavaroukas P, Androutsopoulou A, Xiromerisiou G, Kalala F, Speletas M, Asprodini E, Vasilaki A, Papoutsopoulou S. Sortilin Expression Levels and Peripheral Immunity: A Potential Biomarker for Segregation between Parkinson's Disease Patients and Healthy Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1791. [PMID: 38339069 PMCID: PMC10855941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by substantial phenotypic heterogeneity that limits the disease prognosis and patient's counseling, and complicates the design of further clinical trials. There is an unmet need for the development and validation of biomarkers for the prediction of the disease course. In this study, we utilized flow cytometry and in vitro approaches on peripheral blood cells and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages to characterize specific innate immune populations in PD patients versus healthy donors. We found a significantly lower percentage of B lymphocytes and monocyte populations in PD patients. Monocytes in PD patients were characterized by a higher CD40 expression and on-surface expression of the type I membrane glycoprotein sortilin, which showed a trend of negative correlation with the age of the patients. These results were further investigated in vitro on PBMC-derived macrophages, which, in PD patients, showed higher sortilin expression levels compared to cells from healthy donors. The treatment of PD-derived macrophages with oxLDL led to higher foam cell formation compared to healthy donors. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that surface sortilin expression levels on human peripheral monocytes may potentially be utilized as a marker of Parkinson's disease and may segregate the sporadic versus the genetically induced forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgoula
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Anastasia Androutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Fani Kalala
- Laboratory of of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Laboratory of of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Eftihia Asprodini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Anna Vasilaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (M.G.); (P.N.); (A.A.)
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Kumar AHS. Network Proteins of Human Sortilin1, Its Expression and Targetability Using Lycopene. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:137. [PMID: 38255751 PMCID: PMC10817468 DOI: 10.3390/life14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortilin1 (SORT1) is a ubiquitously expressed transporter involved in sorting or clearing proteins and is pathologically linked to tissue fibrosis and calcification. Targeting SORT1 may have potential clinical efficacy in controlling or reversing cardiovascular fibrosis and/or calcification. Hence, this study assessed the protein-protein network of human SORT1 and its targetability using known nutra-/pharmaceuticals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Network proteins of human SORT1 were identified using the String database, and the affinity of the protein-protein interaction of this network was analysed using Chimera software (Chimera-1.17.3-mac64). The tissue-specific expression profile of SORT1 was evaluated and assessed for enrichment in different cell types, including immune cells. A library of in-house small molecules and currently used therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases were screened using AutoDock Vina to assess the targetability of human SORT1. The concentration affinity (CA) ratio of the small molecules was estimated to assess the clinical feasibility of targeting SORT1. RESULTS IGF2R, NTRK2, GRN and GGA1 were identified as high-affinity interaction networks of SORT1. Of these high-affinity interactions, IGF2R and GRN can be considered relevant networks in regulating tissue fibrosis or the microcalcification process due to their influence on T-cell activation, inflammation, wound repair, and the tissue remodelling process. The tissue cell-type enrichment indicated major expression of SORT1 in adipocytes, specialised epithelial cells, monocytes, cardiomyocytes, and thyroid glandular cells. The binding pocket analysis of human SORT1 showed twelve potential drug interaction sites with varying binding scores (0.86 to 5.83) and probability of interaction (0.004 to 0.304). Five of the drug interaction sites were observed to be targetable at the therapeutically feasible concentration of the small molecules evaluated. Empagliflozin, sitagliptin and lycopene showed a superior affinity and CA ratio compared to established inhibitors of SORT1. CONCLUSION IGF2R and GRN are relevant networks of SORT1, regulating tissue fibrosis or the microcalcification process. SORT1 can be targeted using currently approved small-molecule therapeutics (empagliflozin and sitagliptin) or widely used nutraceuticals (lycopene), which should be evaluated in a randomised clinical trial to assess their efficacy in reducing the cardiac/vascular microcalcification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun H S Kumar
- Stemcology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Zhou L, He Y, Deng Y, Li X, Wang W, Chen J. Ciclopirox mitigates inflammatory response in LPS-induced septic shock via inactivation of SORT1-mediated wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:701-708. [PMID: 37606515 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2231628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Septic shock, the most severe stage of sepsis, is a deadly inflammatory disorder with high mortality. Ciclopirox (CPX) is a broad-spectrum antimycotic agent which also exerts anti-inflammatory effects in human diseases. However, whether CPX can relieve inflammatory response in LPS-induced septic shock remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice LPS were injected intraperitoneally with LPS to simulate septic shock in vivo. RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were subject to LPS treatment to simulate septic shock in vitro. ELISA was applied to detect the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Protein levels was detected by western blotting. RESULTS CPX enhanced the survival rate and attenuated inflammation in mice with LPS-induced septic shock. Similarly, CPX dose-dependently mitigated LPS-induced inflammation in BMDMs. It was also found that Sortilin 1 (SORT1) was upregulated in both in vivo and in vitro models of LPS-induced septic shock. In addition, SORT1 overexpression counteracted the alleviative effects of CPX on the inflammation response of LPS-challenged BMDMs by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. Furthermore, BML-284 (a Wnt/β-Catenin agonist) treatment also abrogated CPX-mediated moderation of LPS-triggered inflammatory reaction in BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS In sum, we found that CPX protected against LPS-induced septic shock by mitigating inflammation via SORT1-mediated Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfeng He
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Medicine and Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University/The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Avvisato R, Jankauskas SS, Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Mone P, Santulli G. Sortilin and hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023; 32:134-140. [PMID: 36683537 PMCID: PMC9976622 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review aims to present the latest scientific updates on the role of Sortilin in the pathophysiology of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The main focus of this systematic overview is on the functional contribution of Sortilin to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sortilin is a glycoprotein mostly known for its actions as a trafficking molecule directing proteins to specific secretory or endocytic compartments of the cell. Emerging evidence indicates that Sortilin is associated with pathological conditions, including inflammation, arteriosclerosis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and vascular calcification. Most recently, Sortilin has been shown to finely control endothelial function and to drive hypertension by modulating sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis and by triggering oxidative stress. SUMMARY The latest findings linking Sortilin and hypertension that are herein discussed can inspire novel areas of research which could eventually lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Avvisato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial and pathological roles for innate immune genes and immune cells, including peripheral immune cells such as T cells, which can infiltrate the brain and either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support a neuroimmune axis of AD, in which the interplay of adaptive and innate immune systems inside and outside the brain critically impacts the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss the complexities of AD neuropathology at the levels of genetics and cellular physiology, highlighting immune signaling pathways and genes associated with AD risk and interactions among both innate and adaptive immune cells in the AD brain. We emphasize the role of peripheral immune cells in AD and the mechanisms by which immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes, influence AD neuropathology, including microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide, the key component of β-amyloid plaque cores, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of microglia, astrogliosis, and their interactions with the brain vasculature. Finally, we review the challenges and outlook for establishing immune-based therapies for treating and preventing AD.
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Zhang Y, Niu J, Zhang S, Si X, Bian TT, Wu H, Li D, Sun Y, Jia J, Xin E, Yan X, Li Y. Comparative study on the gastrointestinal- and immune- regulation functions of Hedysari Radix Paeparata Cum Melle and Astragali Radix Praeparata cum Melle in rats with spleen-qi deficiency, based on fuzzy matter-element analysis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1237-1254. [PMID: 35763552 PMCID: PMC9246251 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2086990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hedysari Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM) and Astragali Radix Praeparata Cum Melle (ARPCM) are used interchangeably in clinics to treat spleen-qi deficiency (SQD) symptom mainly including gastrointestinal dysfunction and decreased immunity, which has unknown differences in efficacy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences between HRPCM and ARPCM on intervening gastrointestinal- and immune-function with SQD syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS After the SQD model was established, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 10): normal; model; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi Pills; 18.9, 12.6 and 6.3 g/kg dose groups of HRPCM and ARPCM. Gastrointestinal function including d-xylose, gastrin, amylase vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, pepsin, H+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and immune function including spleen and thymus index, blood routine, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgA, IgG and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) were detected. Finally, the efficacy differences were analysed comprehensively by the fuzzy matter-element method. RESULTS In regulating immune, the doses differences in efficacy between HRPCM and ARPCM showed in the high-dose (18.9 g/kg), but there were no differences in the middle- and low- dose (12.6 and 6.37 g/kg); the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IgM in serum, and the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IFN-γ in the spleen. In regulating gastrointestinal, the efficacy differences were primarily reflected in the levels of D-xylose, MTL, and GAS in serum, and the mRNA and protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in jejunum and ileum. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HRPCM is more effective than ARPCM on regulating gastrointestinal function and immune function with SQD syndrome. Therefore, we propose that HRPCM should be mainly used to treat SQD syndrome in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiangtao Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xinlei Si
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Donghui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yujing Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Jia
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Erdan Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xingke Yan
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Standard and Quality of Chinese Medicine Research of Gansu, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process of Gansu, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
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11
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Salasova A, Monti G, Andersen OM, Nykjaer A. Finding memo: versatile interactions of the VPS10p-Domain receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:74. [PMID: 36397124 PMCID: PMC9673319 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of VPS10p-Domain (D) receptors comprises five members named SorLA, Sortilin, SorCS1, SorCS2 and SorCS3. While their physiological roles remain incompletely resolved, they have been recognized for their signaling engagements and trafficking abilities, navigating a number of molecules between endosome, Golgi compartments, and the cell surface. Strikingly, recent studies connected all the VPS10p-D receptors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. In addition, they have been also associated with diseases comorbid with AD such as diabetes mellitus and major depressive disorder. This systematic review elaborates on genetic, functional, and mechanistic insights into how dysfunction in VPS10p-D receptors may contribute to AD etiology, AD onset diversity, and AD comorbidities. Starting with their functions in controlling cellular trafficking of amyloid precursor protein and the metabolism of the amyloid beta peptide, we present and exemplify how these receptors, despite being structurally similar, regulate various and distinct cellular events involved in AD. This includes a plethora of signaling crosstalks that impact on neuronal survival, neuronal wiring, neuronal polarity, and synaptic plasticity. Signaling activities of the VPS10p-D receptors are especially linked, but not limited to, the regulation of neuronal fitness and apoptosis via their physical interaction with pro- and mature neurotrophins and their receptors. By compiling the functional versatility of VPS10p-D receptors and their interactions with AD-related pathways, we aim to further propel the AD research towards VPS10p-D receptor family, knowledge that may lead to new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for AD patients.
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Chu X, Liu R, Li C, Gao T, Dong Y, Jiang Y, Ke D. The association of plasma sortilin with essential hypertension and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: A cross-sectional study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:966890. [PMID: 36312293 PMCID: PMC9597455 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.966890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sortilin, a protein that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, has recently been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as coronary heart disease and carotid artery stenosis. In this study, we measured circulating sortilin concentrations in essential hypertensive (EH) patients, and evaluated the association between sortilin, hypertension, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive individuals. Methods This cross-sectional study included 336 individuals, including 186 newly diagnosed EH patients and 150 age-and-sex-matched normotensive healthy subjects (NT). Plasma sortilin and adiponectin (ADI) levels were measured using ELISA kits. In the EH group, high-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to detect the existence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (subAS), which was defined as having a carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT) ≥ 1.0 mm and/or plaque on the carotid artery without any clinical manifestations. Results Our findings showed that plasma sortilin concentrations ranged from 3.34–11.34 ng/ml for all subjects. Sortilin levels were significantly higher in the EH group than in the NT group (8.10 ± 1.82 ng/ml vs. 6.37 ± 1.52 ng/ml, P < 0.001) and were further upregulated in the EH with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (EH + subAS) group compared to the EH without subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (EH-subAS) group (8.42 ± 1.75 ng/ml vs. 7.79 ± 1.84 ng/ml, P < 0.05). In correlation analysis, sortilin was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), white blood cell (WBC), endothelin-1 (ET-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cIMT (all P < 0.05) and negatively associated with NO and ADI (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that SBP, LDL-C, and ET-1 were independently associated with plasma sortilin levels. Increased sortilin levels were independently associated with the risk of EH (OR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.56–2.20, P < 0.001) and EH + subAS (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.07–1.66, P = 0.011), after adjustment for multiple risk factors. Restricted spline curve showed that elevated sortilin levels increase the odds of having EH. Conclusion Elevated sortilin levels are associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Chu
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongqi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of General Practice, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Dazhi Ke,
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Ye C, Zheng F, Wu N, Zhu GQ, Li XZ. Extracellular vesicles in vascular remodeling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2191-2201. [PMID: 35022541 PMCID: PMC9433397 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling contributes to the development of a variety of vascular diseases including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Phenotypic transformation of vascular cells, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular calcification are closely associated with vascular remodeling. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally released from almost all types of cells and can be detected in nearly all body fluids including blood and urine. EVs affect vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, calcification, and lipid plaque formation; and thereby impact vascular remodeling in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. EVs may be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for vascular remodeling and cardiovascular diseases. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of the roles of EVs in the vascular remodeling in vascular diseases, and the prospects of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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AKADAM-TEKER AB, TEKER E. Effect of SORT1 rs599839 Polymorphism on Lipid Profiles: A Single City Experience. İSTANBUL GELIŞIM ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.987894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amaç: VPS10p ailesinin bir reseptörü olan Sortilin-1(SORT1)’i kodlayan SORT1 geni 1p13.3’de lokalizedir. SORT1 genom çapında ilişkilendirme çalışmalarında (GWAS) hepatik lipit metabolizması ve düşük dansiteli lipoprotein-kolesterol (LDL-K) seviyeleri ile olan ilişkisinden dolayı koroner kalp hastalığı (KKH) oluşturma riski ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. SORT1 gen bölgesi üzerindeki çeşitli varyasyonlar lipit profilleri üzerinde farklı etkilere neden olmaktadır. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız; Giresun ilinde SORT1 rs599839 gen varyantlarının KKH gelişimi ve lipit parametreleri üzerine bir etkisinin olup olmadığını belirlemektir.Yöntem: Bu vaka-kontrol çalışmasında 396 kişiden oluşan erkek çalışma grubunda (209 KKH /187 kontrol) SORT1 rs599839 polimorfizmi için TaqMan 5’ Allelik Ayrım Testi ile genotipleme yapıldı.Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında SORT1 rs599839 genotip dağılımları açısından istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmamaktadır (p=0.81). G allel varlığı hem hasta hem de kontrol grubunda daha düşük Total-Kolesterol (TK) (sırasıyla; p=0.005,p=0.032) ve LDL-K (sırasıyla; p=0.005,p=0.040) seviyelerine sebep olurken daha yüksek yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein-kolesterol (HDL-K) (sırasıyla; p=0.001,p=0.006) seviyeleri gözlenmiştir.Sonuç: Bulgularımız SORT1 rs599839 polimorfizminin direk olarak KKH patogenezine katkısının olmadığı yönündedir. Ancak, minör G allel varlığının TK ve LDL-K seviyelerini düşürürken, HDL-K seviyelerinde yükselmeye sebep olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum minör G allel varlığının lipit profili üzerine olumlu etki gösterdiği ve KKH’a karşı koruyucu olduğu izlenimini vermiştir.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erhan TEKER
- Dr. Ali Menekşe Göğüs Hastalıkları Hastanesi
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15
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Han Z, Wang H, Long J, Qiu Y, Xing XL. Establishing a prognostic model of ferroptosis- and immune-related signatures in kidney cancer: A study based on TCGA and ICGC databases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931383. [PMID: 36091132 PMCID: PMC9459019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundKidney cancer (KC) is one of the most challenging cancers due to its delayed diagnosis and high metastasis rate. The 5-year survival rate of KC patients is less than 11.2%. Therefore, identifying suitable biomarkers to accurately predict KC outcomes is important and urgent.MethodsCorresponding data for KC patients were obtained from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Systems biology/bioinformatics/computational approaches were used to identify suitable biomarkers for predicting the outcome and immune landscapes of KC patients.ResultsWe found two ferroptosis- and immune-related differentially expressed genes (FI-DEGs) (Klotho (KL) and Sortilin 1 (SORT1)) independently correlated with the overall survival of KC patients. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the prognosis model using these two FI-DEGs exceeded 0.60 in the training, validation, and entire groups. The AUC value of the 1-year receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve reached 0.70 in all the groups.ConclusionsOur present study indicated that KL and SORT1 could be prognostic biomarkers for KC patients. Whether this model can be used in clinical settings requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Han
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Hengyang Medical School, South China University, Hengyang, China
| | - Jing Long
- Department of Urology, Department of Ultrasonography, Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yanning Qiu
- First College for Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Xing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Hengyang Medical School, South China University, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Liang Xing,
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Mitok KA, Keller MP, Attie AD. Sorting through the extensive and confusing roles of sortilin in metabolic disease. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100243. [PMID: 35724703 PMCID: PMC9356209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is a post-Golgi trafficking receptor homologous to the yeast vacuolar protein sorting receptor 10 (VPS10). The VPS10 motif on sortilin is a 10-bladed β-propeller structure capable of binding more than 50 proteins, covering a wide range of biological functions including lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, neuronal growth and death, inflammation, and lysosomal degradation. Sortilin has a complex cellular trafficking itinerary, where it functions as a receptor in the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, secretory vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and at the cell surface. In addition, sortilin is associated with hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases, Parkinson's disease, and inflammation syndromes. The 1p13.3 locus containing SORT1, the gene encoding sortilin, carries the strongest association with LDL-C of all loci in human genome-wide association studies. However, the mechanism by which sortilin influences LDL-C is unclear. Here, we review the role sortilin plays in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and describe in detail the large and often contradictory literature on the role of sortilin in the regulation of LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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17
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Knecht S, Eberl HC, Bantscheff M. Interval-Based Secretomics Unravels Acute-Phase Response in Hepatocyte Model Systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100241. [PMID: 35525403 PMCID: PMC9184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based secretomics approaches frequently utilize serum-free culture conditions to circumvent serum-induced interference and to increase analytical depth. However, this can negatively affect a wide range of cellular functions and cell viability. These effects become particularly apparent when investigating transcriptionally regulated secretion events and feedback-loops in response to perturbations that require 48 h or more to fully manifest. We present an “interval-based” secretomics workflow, which determines protein secretion rates in short serum-free time windows. Relative quantification using tandem mass tags enables precise monitoring of time-dependent changes. We applied this approach to determine temporal profiles of protein secretion in the hepatocyte model cell lines HepG2 and HepaRG after stimulation of the acute-phase response (APR) by the cytokines IL1b and IL6. While the popular hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 showed an incomplete APR, secretion patterns derived from differentiated HepaRG cells recapitulated the expected APR more comprehensively. For several APR response proteins, substantial secretion was only observed after 72 h, a time window at which cell fitness is substantially impaired under serum-free cell culture conditions. The interval-based secretomics approach enabled the first comprehensive analysis of time-dependent secretion of liver cell models in response to these proinflammatory cytokines. The extended time range facilitated the observation of distinct chronological phases and cytokine-dependent secretion phenotypes of the APR. IL1b directed the APR toward pathogen defense over three distinct phases—chemotaxis, effector, clearance—while IL6 directed the APR toward regeneration. Protein shedding on the cell surface was pronounced upon IL1b stimulation, and small molecule inhibition of ADAM and matrix metalloproteases identified induced as well as constitutive shedding events. Inhibition of ADAM proteases with TAPI-0 resulted in reduced shedding of the sorting receptor SORT1, and an attenuated cytokine response suggesting a direct link between cell surface shedding and cytokine secretion rates. Interval-based secretomics enables extended time course analysis. Time-resolved acute phase response in liver model systems HepG2 and HepaRG. IL1b response clusters in three phases. Cell surface shedding is amplified during acute-phase response. ADAM inhibition dampens secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Knecht
- Cellzome GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Dasatinib suppresses atherosclerotic lesions by suppressing cholesterol uptake in a mouse model of hypercholesterolemia. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 149:158-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Sortilin/Omentin-1 ratio in Peripheral Artery Disease: a cross-sectional study on 295 unselected elderly patients. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 205:111677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tscharre M, Farhan S, Freynhofer MK, Leutner M, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Tentzeris I, Vogel B, Tinhofer F, Rohla M, Weiss TW, Huber K, Kautzky-Willer A. Neurotensin and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:782602. [PMID: 35345492 PMCID: PMC8957262 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.782602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotensin is involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism and promotes the development of obesity and diabetes. These associations appear to be more pronounced in women. We investigated the association of neurotensin with long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We included 452 consecutive patients [144 (31.9%) females] undergoing PCI for ACS or CCS. Plasma samples drawn after PCI were analyzed for neurotensin with an enzyme-linked immunoassay. As primary endpoint, a composite of MACE including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke during 7 years of follow-up was investigated. As secondary endpoint, we investigated all-cause death. Results Neurotensin levels did not differ between male and female patients (p = 0.560). MACE occurred in 150 (33.2%) patients. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated a U-shaped association of log-transformed neurotensin with the primary and secondary endpoint. Therefore, we dichotomized our cohort according to tertiles of log-transformed neurotensin. In Kaplan-Meier analysis including the total cohort and restricted to male patients log- neurotensin tertiles were not associated with MACE (both p > 0.05). Moreover, in the overall cohort and in male patients multivariable Cox regression analysis log-neurotensin tertiles were not associated with MACE or with all-cause death (all p > 0.05). However, in female patients log-neurotensin was associated with MACE in Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank p = 0.013). Also, after multivariable adjustment female patients in the first tertile had a significantly increased risk for MACE compared to female patients in the second tertile [HR 3.84 (95% CI 1.71–8.60), p = 0.001]. There was tendency for increased risk in female patients in the third tertile compared to the second tertile [HR 2.14 (95% CI 0.97–4.73), p = 0.058]. Moreover, in female patients the [first and the third tertile of log- neurotensin were associated with all-cause death 1s vs. 2nd tertile: HR 3.03 (95% CI 1.21–7.63), p = 0.018; 3rd vs. 2nd tertile: HR 3.01 (95% CI 1.22–7.44), p = 0.016]. Conclusion In female patients with CAD undergoing PCI, neurotensin has a U-shaped relationship with adverse outcomes. These data suggest a sex specific association between neurotensin and long-term adverse events after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Tscharre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Nephrology, Landesklinikum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Serdar Farhan
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthias K. Freynhofer
- Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leutner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabina Baumgartner-Parzer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioannis Tentzeris
- Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Vogel
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Florian Tinhofer
- Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklos Rohla
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
- Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas W. Weiss
- Institute of Cardiometabolic Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, St. Pölten, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund-Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund-Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Gender Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Gender Institute, Lapura Women's Health Resort, Gars am Kamp, Austria
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
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Di Pietro P, Carrizzo A, Sommella E, Oliveti M, Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, Acernese F, Damato A, De Lucia M, Merciai F, Iesu P, Venturini E, Izzo R, Trimarco V, Ciccarelli M, Giugliano G, Carnevale R, Cammisotto V, Migliarino S, Virtuoso N, Strianese A, Izzo V, Campiglia P, Ciaglia E, Levkau B, Puca AA, Vecchione C. Targeting the ASMase/S1P pathway protects from sortilin-evoked vascular damage in hypertension. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:146343. [PMID: 35104805 PMCID: PMC8803332 DOI: 10.1172/jci146343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin has been positively correlated with vascular disorders in humans. No study has yet evaluated the possible direct effect of sortilin on vascular function. We used pharmacological and genetic approaches coupled with study of murine and human samples to unravel the mechanisms recruited by sortilin in the vascular system. Sortilin induced endothelial dysfunction of mesenteric arteries through NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) isoform activation, dysfunction that was prevented by knockdown of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) or sphingosine kinase 1. In vivo, recombinant sortilin administration induced arterial hypertension in WT mice. In contrast, genetic deletion of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1P3) and gp91phox/NOX2 resulted in preservation of endothelial function and blood pressure homeostasis after 14 days of systemic sortilin administration. Translating these research findings into the clinical setting, we detected elevated sortilin levels in hypertensive patients with endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, in a population-based cohort of 270 subjects, we showed increased plasma ASMase activity and increased plasma levels of sortilin, S1P, and soluble NOX2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp) in hypertensive subjects, and the increase was more pronounced in hypertensive subjects with uncontrolled blood pressure. Our studies reveal what we believe is a previously unrecognized role of sortilin in the impairment of vascular function and in blood pressure homeostasis and suggest the potential of sortilin and its mediators as biomarkers for the prediction of vascular dysfunction and high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Marco Oliveti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Fausto Acernese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Merciai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giugliano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Migliarino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Virtuoso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Andrea Strianese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Vascular Physiopathology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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22
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Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Mone P, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Sortilin drives hypertension by modulating sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis and by triggering oxidative stress. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156624. [PMID: 35104807 PMCID: PMC8803317 DOI: 10.1172/jci156624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin is a glycoprotein mainly known for its role as a trafficking molecule directing proteins to specific secretory or endocytic compartments of the cell. Its actual contribution to essential hypertension has remained hitherto elusive. Combining top-notch in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro approaches to clinical investigations, Di Pietro et al. explored the signaling pathway evoked by sortilin in endothelial cells and report on such exploration in this issue of the JCI. The researchers identified circulating sortilin as a biomarker associated with high blood pressure. Mechanistically, they demonstrate that sortilin altered sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis, initiating a signaling cascade that, from sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), leads to the augmented production of reactive oxygen species. Herein, we discuss the main implications of these findings, and we anticipate some of the potential avenues of investigation prompted by this discovery, which could eventually lead to treatments for cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein–Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), and
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Aass KR, Mjelle R, Kastnes MH, Tryggestad SS, van den Brink LM, Aass Roseth I, Westhrin M, Zahoor M, Moen SH, Vikene Nedal TM, Buene G, Misund K, Sponaas AM, Ma Q, Sundan A, Groen RW, Slørdahl TS, Waage A, Standal T. Intracellular IL-32 regulates mitochondrial metabolism, proliferation, and differentiation of malignant plasma cells. iScience 2022; 25:103605. [PMID: 35005550 PMCID: PMC8717606 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a nonclassical cytokine expressed in cancers, inflammatory diseases, and infections. Its expression is regulated by two different oxygen sensing systems; HIF1α and cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO), indicating that IL-32 may be involved in the response to hypoxia. We here demonstrate that endogenously expressed, intracellular IL-32 interacts with components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and promotes oxidative phosphorylation. Knocking out IL-32 in three myeloma cell lines reduced cell survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. High-throughput transcriptomic and MS-metabolomic profiling of IL-32 KO cells revealed that cells depleted of IL-32 had perturbations in metabolic pathways, with accumulation of lipids, pyruvate precursors, and citrate. IL-32 was expressed in a subgroup of myeloma patients with inferior survival, and primary myeloma cells expressing IL-32 had a gene signature associated with immaturity, proliferation, and oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, we demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of IL-32 in the regulation of plasma cell metabolism. Intracellular IL-32 is an endogenous growth factor for malignant plasma cells IL-32 interacts with components of the electron transport chain IL-32 promotes oxidative phosphorylation IL-32 is expressed by immature, CD45 + highly proliferating malignant plasma cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Roseth Aass
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Martin H Kastnes
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Synne S Tryggestad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Luca M van den Brink
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ingrid Aass Roseth
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Marita Westhrin
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - Siv H Moen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Tonje M Vikene Nedal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Anne-Marit Sponaas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Qianli Ma
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Anders Sundan
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Richard Wj Groen
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias S Slørdahl
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Anders Waage
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St.Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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24
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Jankowski V, Saritas T, Kjolby M, Hermann J, Speer T, Himmelsbach A, Mahr K, Heuschkel MA, Schunk SJ, Thirup S, Winther S, Bottcher M, Nyegard M, Nykjaer A, Kramann R, Kaesler N, Jankowski J, Floege J, Marx N, Goettsch C. Carbamylated sortilin associates with cardiovascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2021; 101:574-584. [PMID: 34767831 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin, an intracellular sorting receptor, has been identified as a cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly susceptible to develop cardiovascular complications such as calcification. However, specific CKD-induced posttranslational protein modifications of sortilin and their link to cardiovascular calcification remain unknown. To investigate this, we examined two independent CKD cohorts for carbamylation of circulating sortilin and detected increased carbamylated sortilin lysine residues in the extracellular domain of sortilin with kidney function decline using targeted mass spectrometry. Structure analysis predicted altered ligand binding by carbamylated sortilin, which was verified by binding studies using surface plasmon resonance measurement, showing an increased affinity of interleukin 6 to in vitro carbamylated sortilin. Further, carbamylated sortilin increased vascular calcification in vitro and ex vivo that was accelerated by interleukin 6. Imaging by mass spectrometry of human calcified arteries revealed in situ carbamylated sortilin. In patients with CKD, sortilin carbamylation was associated with coronary artery calcification, independent of age and kidney function. Moreover, patients with carbamylated sortilin displayed significantly faster progression of coronary artery calcification than patients without sortilin carbamylation. Thus, carbamylated sortilin may be a risk factor for cardiovascular calcification and may contribute to elevated cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thimoteus Speer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anika Himmelsbach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mahr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marina Augusto Heuschkel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Schunk
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Translational Cardio-Renal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Soren Thirup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Morten Bottcher
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Center for Proteins in Memory (PROMEMO) and Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juergen Floege
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.
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25
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Xu J, Shen CJ, Ooi JD, Tang YS, Xiao Z, Yuan QJ, Zhong Y, Zhou QL. Serum Sortilin Is Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification and Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 7:503-513. [PMID: 34901196 PMCID: PMC8613630 DOI: 10.1159/000517304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the role of serum sortilin in coronary artery calcification (CAC) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCE) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS One hundred eleven patients with MHD ≥3 months were included in this study. The general data, clinical features, hematological data, and medication history of the patients were recorded. Eighty-five cases were examined by vascular color Doppler ultrasound, cardiac color Doppler ultrasound, lateral lumbar radiography, and coronary artery calcification score. The patients were followed up for a median time of 45 months. The primary endpoint was CCE or death from a vascular event, and the role of sortilin in this process was analyzed. RESULTS Among 85 MHD patients, 51 cases (60.00%) had different degrees of CAC. There were significant differences in diabetes, dialysis time, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product, medical history of phosphate binders, sortilin, and carotid artery plaque between 4 different degrees of calcification groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (OR = 5.475; 95% CI: 1.794-16.71, p = 0.003), calcium-phosphorus product (OR = 2.953; 95% CI: 1.198-7.279, p = 0.019), and sortilin (OR = 1.475 per 100 pg/mL; 95% CI: 1.170-1.858, p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for CAC. During the follow-up, 28 cases of 111 patients (25.23%) suffered from CCE. There were significant differences in CCE between mild, moderate, and severe CAC groups and noncalcification groups (p < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus (HR 3.424; 95% CI: 1.348-8.701, p = 0.010), CAC (HR 5.210; 95% CI: 1.093-24.83, p = 0.038), and serum sortilin (HR = 8.588; 95% CI: 1.919-38.43, p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for CCE. Besides, we proposed a cutoff value of 418 pg/mL for serum sortilin level, which was able to predict the occurrence of CCE with 75.0% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity. The area under the curve was 0.778 (95% CI: 0.673-0.883). CONCLUSION Sortilin is newly found to be independently associated with CAC and CCE in MHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chan-Juan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Joshua D. Ooi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yang-Shuo Tang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhou Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong-Jing Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao-Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Simsek Z, Alizade E, Güner A, Zehir R. Correlation between serum sortilin levels and severity of extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14733. [PMID: 34387924 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular condition characterised by intimal thickening with cholesterol accumulation and macrophage foam cell infiltration causing plaque formation at the site of the injured vessel wall. This condition is a major contributor to carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Sortilin, a member of the mammalian vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein family, promotes uptake of low-density lipoprotein particles into macrophages with consequent foam cell formation independent of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, and thereby, accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. We investigated the correlation between serum sortilin levels and the severity of extracranial CAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 149 patients who underwent carotid angiography for suspected carotid artery disease. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial 2011 criteria were used to determine the degree of CAS. Serum sortilin concentrations were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum sortilin levels were significantly higher in the severe CAS than in the non-severe CAS group (2.71 ± 0.71 ng/mL vs 1.63 ± 0.57 ng/mL, P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum sortilin levels >1.66 ng/mL predicted severe CAS with sensitivity of 83.49% and specificity of 56.76%. CONCLUSION Current data suggest that prediction of severe CAS may serve as an atherosclerosis biomarker and significantly contribute to research on disease progression in atherosclerosis, as well as in other arterial diseases. Sortilin may be a potential therapeutic target owing to its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeki Simsek
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elnur Alizade
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Güner
- Department of Cardiology, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Regayip Zehir
- Cardiology Department, Kartal Kosuyolu Heart Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Werida RH, Omran A, El-Khodary NM. Sortilin and Homocysteine as Potential Biomarkers for Coronary Artery Diseases. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6167-6176. [PMID: 34611430 PMCID: PMC8485923 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s324889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of coronary artery disease (CAD) with levels of homocysteine and sortilin in Egyptian patients. Background CAD is a primary contributor to cardiac disease and a prominent cause of death globally. Patients and Methods We enrolled 45 patients with CAD evaluated by coronary CT angiography and 42 control subjects without CAD. Plasma-homocysteine and -sortilin levels were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. Results Elevated levels of homocysteine and sortilin were observed in the CAD patients compared to controls (13.75±1.40 vs 7.73±2.06 μmol/L, P=0 and 160.91±32.17 vs 143.02±32.30 ng/dL, P=0.02, respectively). Significantly higher total cholesterol, low density–lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05) and lower high density–lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.05) were seen among patients with CAD than the control group. Sortilin levels were positively associated with homocysteine levels (r=0.32, P=0.006), total cholesterol (r=0.61, P=0), low density–lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.37, P=0.001), triglycerides (r=0.91, P=0), troponin I (r=0.82, P=0), Gensini score (r=0.93, P=0) and high-sensitivity CRP (r=0.87, P=0) in all subjects. Homocysteine has a significantly negative association with high density–lipoprotein cholesterol (r=−0.42, P=0). Conclusion Elevated homocysteine and sortilin levels are crucial risk factors of CAD in Egyptian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab H Werida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ayman Omran
- Department of Cardiology, Damanhour National Medical Institute, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Noha M El-Khodary
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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28
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Wang Y, Wang J, Zuo YC, Jiang J, Tu T, Yan XX, Liu F. Elevation of CSF Sortilin Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patients and Experimental Model Rats. Neuroscience 2021; 470:23-36. [PMID: 34273414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can cause acute neuronal injury and chronic neurocognitive deficits; biomarkers reflecting its associated neuronal injury are of potential prognostic value. Sortilin, a member of the vacuolar protein sorting 10p (Vps10p) family, is enriched in neurons and is likely involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we explored sortilin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a potential biomarker for early neuronal injury after SAH. Sortilin levels in the CSF of SAH patients (n = 11) and controls (n = 6) were analyzed by immunoblot. SAH rats surviving 3-72 h (h) were evaluated neurologically, with their brain and CSF samples examined histologically and biochemically. Sortilin protein ~100 kDa was detected in the CSF from SAH patients only, with its levels correlated to Hunt-Hess scale. Rats in the SAH groups showed poorer Garcia score and beam balancing capability than sham controls. Sortilin ~100 kDa was detectable in the CSF of the SAH, but not sham, animals. Levels of sortilin ~100 kDa and fragments ~40 kDa in cortical lysates were elevated in the SAH relative to control rats. Levels of cortical glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also elevated in the SAH rats. In immunohistochemistry, the pattern of sortilin labeling in the brain was largely comparable between the SAH and control rats, whereas an increased astrocytic GFAP immunolabeling was evident in the former. Together, these results suggest that SAH can cause an early and remarkable rise of sortilin products in CSF, likely reflecting neuronal change. Sortilin could be further explored as a potential biomarker in some brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Jikai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China
| | - Yu-Chun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tian Tu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China.
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29
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Poznyak AV, Bharadwaj D, Prasad G, Grechko AV, Sazonova MA, Orekhov AN. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Focusing on Cytokines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137061. [PMID: 34209109 PMCID: PMC8269273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a well-known global health problem. Despite the high prevalence of the disease, numerous aspects of pathogenesis remain unclear. Subsequently, there are still no cure or adequate preventive measures available. Atherogenesis is now considered a complex interplay between lipid metabolism alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Inflammation in atherogenesis involves cellular elements of both innate (such as macrophages and monocytes) and adaptive immunity (such as B-cells and T-cells), as well as various cytokines cascades. Because inflammation is, in general, a well-investigated therapeutic target, and strategies for controlling inflammation have been successfully used to combat a number of other diseases, inflammation seems to be the preferred target for the treatment of atherosclerosis as well. In this review, we summarized data on targeting the most studied inflammatory molecular targets, CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Studies in animal models have shown the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy, while clinical studies revealed the incompetence of existing data, which blocks the development of an effective atheroprotective drug. However, all data on cytokine targeting give evidence that anti-inflammatory therapy can be a part of a complex treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi 110025, India;
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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Comprehensive Analysis of Common Different Gene Expression Signatures in the Neutrophils of Sepsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6655425. [PMID: 33959663 PMCID: PMC8077712 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The central component of sepsis pathogenesis is inflammatory disorder, which is related to dysfunction of the immune system. However, the specific molecular mechanism of sepsis has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of our study was to identify genes that are significantly changed during sepsis development, for the identification of potential pathogenic factors. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 88 control and 214 septic patient samples. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using David. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using STRING and Cytoscape. Further validation was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We identified 37 common DEGs. GO and pathway enrichment indicated that enzymes and transcription factors accounted for a large proportion of DEGs; immune system and inflammation signaling demonstrated the most significant changes. Furthermore, eight hub genes were identified via PPI analysis. Interestingly, four of the top five upregulated and all downregulated DEGs were involved in immune and inflammation signaling. In addition, the most intensive hub gene AKT1 and the top DEGs in human clinical samples were validated using RT-PCR. This study explored the possible molecular mechanisms underpinning the inflammatory, immune, and PI3K/AKT pathways related to sepsis development.
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Møller PL, Rohde PD, Winther S, Breining P, Nissen L, Nykjaer A, Bøttcher M, Nyegaard M, Kjolby M. Sortilin as a Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease Revisited. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:652584. [PMID: 33937362 PMCID: PMC8085299 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.652584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the genomic region containing SORT1 (encoding the protein sortilin) are strongly associated with cholesterol levels and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating sortilin has therefore been proposed as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease. Multiple studies have reported association between plasma sortilin levels and cardiovascular outcomes. However, the findings are not consistent across studies, and most studies have small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to evaluate sortilin as a biomarker for CAD in a well-characterized cohort with symptoms suggestive of CAD. In total, we enrolled 1,173 patients with suspected stable CAD referred to coronary computed tomography angiography. Sortilin was measured in plasma using two different technologies for quantifying circulating sortilin: a custom-made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and OLINK Cardiovascular Panel II. We found a relative poor correlation between the two methods (correlation coefficient = 0.21). In addition, genotyping and whole-genome sequencing were performed on all patients. By whole-genome regression analysis of sortilin levels measured with ELISA and OLINK, two independent cis protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) on chromosome 1p13.3 were identified, with one of them being a well-established risk locus for CAD. Incorporating rare genetic variants from whole-genome sequence data did not identify any additional pQTLs for plasma sortilin. None of the traditional CAD risk factors, such as sex, age, smoking, and statin use, were associated with plasma sortilin levels. Furthermore, there was no association between circulating sortilin levels and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) or disease severity. Sortilin did not improve discrimination of obstructive CAD, when added to a clinical pretest probability (PTP) model for CAD. Overall, our results indicate that studies using different methodologies for measuring circulating sortilin should be compared with caution. In conclusion, the well-known SORT1 risk locus for CAD is linked to lower sortilin levels in circulation, measured with ELISA; however, the effect sizes are too small for sortilin to be a useful biomarker for CAD in a clinical setting of low- to intermediate-risk chest-pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palle D. Rohde
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Winther
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Peter Breining
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO and DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Louise Nissen
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO and DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Bøttcher
- Department of Cardiology, Gødstrup Hospital, NIDO, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- PROMEMO and DANDRITE, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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32
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Han W, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Geng C, Zhu X, Liao D, Guo Y, Yang M, Chen D, Jiang P. Circulating sortilin levels are associated with inflammation in patients with moyamoya disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:103-109. [PMID: 32940806 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD). Sortilin is a critical regulator of proinflammatory cytokine secretion in several cell types. The present study investigated the association between circulating sortilin and proinflammatory cytokine levels and the occurrence of MMD. METHODS Forty-two MMD cases and 76 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study between January 2018 and June 2019 at the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University. The demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated, and the circulating serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sortilin, sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SorLA), and proinflammatory cytokines including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to estimate the associations between sortilin, SorLA, and proinflammatory cytokine levels. RESULTS MMD patients had higher serum levels of sortilin (P = 0.012), CRP (P = 0.013), IL-6 (P = 0.004), and IFN-γ (P = 0.033) than healthy controls. In MMD patients, serum sortilin was positively correlated with serum proinflammatory cytokines (CRP: r = 0.459, P = 0.0022; IL-6: r = 0.445, P = 0.0032; and IFN-γ: r = 0.448, P = 0.0029) and CSF sortilin (r = 0.440, P = 0.0035); the latter was positively correlated with CSF levels of CRP (r = 0.542, P = 0.0002), IL-6 (r = 0.440, P = 0.0036), and IFN-γ (r = 0.443, P = 0.0033). CONCLUSIONS Elevated sortilin level is associated MMD onset and may be a clinically useful biomarker along with proinflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 272000, Jining, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, 272000, Jining, China
| | - Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, 6, Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China.
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Biscetti F, Nardella E, Rando MM, Cecchini AL, Bonadia N, Bruno P, Angelini F, Di Stasi C, Contegiacomo A, Santoliquido A, Pitocco D, Landolfi R, Flex A. Sortilin levels correlate with major cardiovascular events of diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease following revascularization: a prospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:147. [PMID: 32977814 PMCID: PMC7519536 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) represents one of the most relevant vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, T2DM patients suffering from PAD have an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE). Sortilin, a protein involved in apolipoproteins trafficking, is associated with lower limb PAD in T2DM patients. Objective To evaluate the relationship between baseline serum levels of sortilin, MACE and MALE occurrence after revascularization of T2DM patients with PAD and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Research design and methods We performed a prospective non-randomized study including 230 statin-free T2DM patients with PAD and CLTI. Sortilin levels were measured before the endovascular intervention and incident outcomes were assessed during a 12 month follow-up. Results Sortilin levels were significantly increased in individuals with more aggressive PAD (2.25 ± 0.51 ng/mL vs 1.44 ± 0.47 ng/mL, p < 0.001). During follow-up, 83 MACE and 116 MALE occurred. In patients, who then developed MACE and MALE, sortilin was higher. In particular, 2.46 ± 0.53 ng/mL vs 1.55 ± 0.42 ng/mL, p < 0.001 for MACE and 2.10 ± 0.54 ng/mL vs 1.65 ± 0.65 ng/mL, p < 0.001 for MALE. After adjusting for traditional atherosclerosis risk factors, the association between sortilin and vascular outcomes remained significant in a multivariate analysis. In our receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis using sortilin levels the prediction of MACE incidence improved (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.94) and MALE (AUC = 0.72). Conclusions This study demonstrates that sortilin correlates with incidence of MACE and MALE after endovascular revascularization in a diabetic population with PAD and CLTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia. .,Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, Roma, Italia. .,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Roma, Italia.
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Bonadia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Emergency Medicine, Roma, Italia
| | - Piergiorgio Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, Roma, Italia
| | - Flavia Angelini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Roma, Italia
| | | | | | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Angiology Unit, Roma, Italia
| | - Dario Pitocco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia.,Diabetology Unit, Roma, Italia
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Andrea Flex
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Roma, 00168, Italia.,Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases Unit, Roma, Italia.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Roma, Italia.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
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Association Study of Coronary Artery Disease-Associated Genome-Wide Significant SNPs with Coronary Stenosis in Pakistani Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9738567. [PMID: 32685059 PMCID: PMC7336215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9738567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of coronary artery disease (CAD) have revealed multiple genetic risk loci. We assessed the association of 47 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 43 CAD loci with coronary stenosis in a Pakistani sample comprising 663 clinically ascertained and angiographically confirmed cases. Genotypes were determined using the iPLEX Gold technology. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between significant SNPs was determined using SNAP web portal, and functional annotation of SNPs was performed using the RegulomeDB and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. Genotyping comparison was made between cases with severe stenosis (≥70%) and mild/minimal stenosis (<30%). Five SNPs demonstrated significant associations: three with additive genetic models PLG/rs4252120 (p = 0.0078), KIAA1462/rs2505083 (p = 0.005), and SLC22A3/rs2048327 (p = 0.045) and two with recessive models SORT1/rs602633 (p = 0.005) and UBE2Z/rs46522 (p = 0.03). PLG/rs4252120 was in LD with two functional PLG variants (rs4252126 and rs4252135), each with a RegulomeDB score of 1f. Likewise, KIAA1462/rs2505083 was in LD with a functional SNP, KIAA1462/rs3739998, having a RegulomeDB score of 2b. In the GTEx database, KIAA1462/rs2505083, SLC22A3/rs2048327, SORT1/rs602633, and UBE2Z/rs46522 SNPs were found to be expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in CAD-associated tissues. In conclusion, five genome-wide significant SNPs previously reported in European GWAS were replicated in the Pakistani sample. Further association studies on larger non-European populations are needed to understand the worldwide genetic architecture of CAD.
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Dao T, Salahuddin S, Charfi C, Sicard AA, Jenabian MA, Annabi B. Pharmacological targeting of neurotensin response by diet-derived EGCG in macrophage-differentiated HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Han W, Wei Z, Zhang H, Geng C, Dang R, Yang M, Zhang J, Wang C, Jiang P. The Association Between Sortilin and Inflammation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:71-79. [PMID: 32104044 PMCID: PMC7020934 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s240421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation is a key contributor to coronary heart disease (CHD). Sortilin is a sorting receptor and has been identified as a critical regulator of inflammatory response. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the link between circulating sortilin levels, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and the occurrence of CHD. Patients and Methods Our study included 227 CHD patients and 101 matched healthy individuals. Circulating serum levels of sortilin and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were assessed by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to estimate the associations between sortilin and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the sortilin and SORL1 genes were genotyped. Results Elevated levels of sortilin (P=0.027) and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P=0.013), IL-6 (P=0.000) and TNF-α (P=0.010) were observed in CHD patients compared to those in healthy controls. Furthermore, sortilin levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-1β (r=0.252, P=0.0001), IL-6 (r=0.250, P=0.0001) and TNF-α (r=0.180, P=0.0064) levels. Notably, sortilin polymorphisms were revealed to be associated with the occurrence of CHD and varying sortilin levels. Subjects with the rs599839 AA risk genotype for CHD had significantly higher sortilin levels than those with the GG and GA genotypes (P=0.000); the same tendency was also observed in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P=0.003) and TNF-α (P=0.000). Similarly, GG carriers of rs464218 with increased sortilin levels were found to be at increased risk for CHD (P=0.014). The levels of IL-1β (P=0.025) and IL-6 (P=0.015) were also increased in these patients. Conclusion Our findings reveal that high sortilin levels may interact with inflammatory response to contribute to the occurrence of CHD. Considering that our clinical evidence suggests for the first time that sortilin involves in inflammatory response in CHD, the mechanistic role of sortilin in the progression of CHD deserves detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Wei
- Department of Medical Administration, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272011, People's Republic of China
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Yabe-Wada T, Philpott CC, Onai N. PCBP2 post-transcriptionally regulates sortilin expression by binding to a C-rich element in its 3' UTR. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:407-413. [PMID: 31961070 PMCID: PMC7050257 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post‐transcriptional regulation of cytokine production is crucial to ensure appropriate immune responses. We previously demonstrated that poly‐rC‐binding protein‐1 (PCBP1) can act as a trans‐acting factor to stabilize transcripts encoding sortilin, which mediates cytokine trafficking. Here, we report that PCBP2, which strongly resembles PCBP1, can stabilize sortilin transcripts in macrophages using the same mechanism employed by PCBP1. PCBP2 recognized the C‐rich element in the 3′ UTR of sortilin mRNA, and PCBP2 knockdown decreased sortilin transcripts, indicating that PCBP2 stabilizes sortilin mRNA by binding to its 3′ UTR. Zn2+ reversibly inhibited the nucleotide binding ability of PCBP2 in vitro. These findings suggest that both PCBP2 and PCBP1 may control the stability of sortilin transcripts by sensing intracellular Zn2+ levels in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Yabe-Wada
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Japan.,Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline C Philpott
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Onai
- Department of Immunology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku Uchinada, Japan
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Su X, Peng D. New insight into sortilin in controlling lipid metabolism and the risk of atherogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:232-243. [PMID: 31625271 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Strong A. Revisiting Old Friends: Sortilin-1, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, and Prorenin Receptor as Modulators of Lipoprotein and Energy Metabolism. Circ Res 2019; 122:652-654. [PMID: 29496794 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.312656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Strong
- From the Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.
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Read SA, Obeid S, Ahlenstiel C, Ahlenstiel G. The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:696-710. [PMID: 31305906 PMCID: PMC6628855 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and the maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types, representing an integral component of approximately 10% of the human proteome, and encompassing hundreds of key enzymes and transcription factors. Zinc deficiency is strikingly common, affecting up to a quarter of the population in developing countries, but also affecting distinct populations in the developed world as a result of lifestyle, age, and disease-mediated factors. Consequently, zinc status is a critical factor that can influence antiviral immunity, particularly as zinc-deficient populations are often most at risk of acquiring viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis C virus. This review summarizes current basic science and clinical evidence examining zinc as a direct antiviral, as well as a stimulant of antiviral immunity. An abundance of evidence has accumulated over the past 50 y to demonstrate the antiviral activity of zinc against a variety of viruses, and via numerous mechanisms. The therapeutic use of zinc for viral infections such as herpes simplex virus and the common cold has stemmed from these findings; however, there remains much to be learned regarding the antiviral mechanisms and clinical benefit of zinc supplementation as a preventative and therapeutic treatment for viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Read
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Obeid
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chantelle Ahlenstiel
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Blacktown Medical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, New South Wales, Australia
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Chen J, Liu W, Yi H, Hu X, Peng L, Yang F. MicroRNA-155 mimics ameliorates nerve conduction velocities and suppresses hyperglycemia-induced pro-inflammatory genes in diabetic peripheral neuropathic mice. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3905-3918. [PMID: 31312398 PMCID: PMC6614614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) regulates inflammatory cytokines, however its role in Diabetic neuropathy (DN) remains unexplored. METHODS A strain of mice (db/db) having type II diabetes were studied for expression of miR-155 in plasma and in sciatic nerves. The miR-155 mimic treated mice were studied for effect on motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities along with blood perfusion in sciatic nerves and response to thermal stimuli test. The mice were evaluated for density of blood vessels, quantity of intra-epidermal nerve fibers (IENF), diameters of axons & thickness of myelin sheath of sciatic nerves. Bioinformatics analysis was done to confirm target genes of miR-155. RESULTS The db/db mice showed significant suppression of miR-155 in sciatic nerves. The treatment of miR-155 mimic elevated levels of miR-155 in both sciatic nerves and plasma; it also enhanced the blood flow in sciatic nerves and velocities of conduction for both sensory and motor nerves. The treatment showed significant decrease in the threshold to thermal stimuli in db/db mice. A significant improvement in density of perfused blood vessels was observed, along with elevation of IENF and thickness of myelin and axon diameters of sciatic nerves. The treatment attenuated levels of TNF-α, iNOS, IL1-β and Ym1. Microarray analysis showed that the treatment decreased the expression of proinflammatory genes TRAF2 and Notch2, SORT1 and were identified as target by in silico studies. CONCLUSION Treatment of miR-155 mimic in db/db mice attenuated DN, suppressed diabetic associated proinflammatory genes and confirmed miR-155 mimic as therapeutic strategy for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
| | - Han Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
| | - Liangyu Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
| | - Fengrui Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHunan Province 421001, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sortilin, encoded SORT1 gene at chromosome 1p13.3, is a multiligand receptor that traffics protein from the Golgi to the endosomes, secretory vesicles, and the cell surface. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed an association between sortilin and reduced plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as reduced coronary artery disease (CAD). This review explores the various lipid metabolism pathways that are affected by alterations in sortilin expression. RECENT FINDINGS The effects of increased hepatic sortilin on plasma LDL-C levels are mediated by increased clearance of LDL-C and decreased very LDL (VLDL) secretion because of increased autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation of apolipoproteinB100. Sort1 knockout models have shown opposite VLDL secretion phenotypes as well as whole body lipid metabolism in response to diet challenges, leading to confusion about the true role of sortilin in the liver and other tissues. SUMMARY The regulation of VLDL secretion by hepatic sortilin is complex and remains incompletely understood. Further investigation to determine the specific conditions under which both hepatic sortilin and total body sortilin cause changes in lipid metabolism pathways is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Conlon
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Investigating the Conformational Response of the Sortilin Receptor upon Binding Endogenous Peptide- and Protein Ligands by HDX-MS. Structure 2019; 27:1103-1113.e3. [PMID: 31104815 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sortilin is a multifunctional neuronal receptor involved in sorting of neurotrophic factors and apoptosis signaling. So far, structural characterization of sortilin and its endogenous ligands has been limited to crystallographic studies of sortilin in complex with the neuropeptide neurotensin. Here, we use hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to investigate the conformational response of sortilin to binding biological ligands including the peptides neurotensin and the sortilin propeptide and the proteins progranulin and pro-nerve growth factor-β. The results show that the ligands use two binding sites inside the cavity of the β-propeller of sortilin. However, ligands have distinct differences in their conformational impact on the receptor. Interestingly, the protein ligands induce conformational stabilization in a remote membrane-proximal domain, hinting at an unknown conformational link between the ligand binding region and this membrane-proximal region of sortilin. Our findings improve our structural understanding of sortilin and how it mediates diverse ligand-dependent functions important in neurobiology.
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44
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Genetics of Common, Complex Coronary Artery Disease. Cell 2019; 177:132-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Li J, Woolbright BL, Zhao W, Wang Y, Matye D, Hagenbuch B, Jaeschke H, Li T. Sortilin 1 Loss-of-Function Protects Against Cholestatic Liver Injury by Attenuating Hepatic Bile Acid Accumulation in Bile Duct Ligated Mice. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:34-47. [PMID: 28453831 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin 1 (Sort1) is an intracellular trafficking receptor that mediates protein sorting in the endocytic or secretory pathways. Recent studies revealed a role of Sort1 in the regulation of cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism. This study further investigated the role of Sort1 in modulating BA detoxification and cholestatic liver injury in bile duct ligated mice. We found that Sort1 knockout (KO) mice had attenuated liver injury 24 h after bile duct ligation (BDL), which was mainly attributed to less bile infarct formation. Sham-operated Sort1 KO mice had about 20% larger BA pool size than sham-operated wildtype (WT) mice, but 24 h after BDL Sort1 KO mice had significantly attenuated hepatic BA accumulation and smaller BA pool size. After 14 days BDL, Sort1 KO mice showed significantly lower hepatic BA concentration and reduced expression of inflammatory and fibrotic marker genes, but similar degree of liver fibrosis compared with WT mice. Unbiased quantitative proteomics revealed that Sort1 KO mice had increased hepatic BA sulfotransferase 2A1, but unaltered phase-I BA metabolizing cytochrome P450s or phase-III BA efflux transporters. Consistently, Sort1 KO mice showed elevated plasma sulfated taurocholate after BDL. Finally, we found that liver Sort1 was repressed after BDL, which may be due to BA activation of farnesoid x receptor. In conclusion, we report a role of Sort1 in the regulation of hepatic BA detoxification and cholestatic liver injury in mice. The mechanisms underlying increased hepatic BA elimination in Sort1 KO mice after BDL require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - David Matye
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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Chen C, Li J, Matye DJ, Wang Y, Li T. Hepatocyte sortilin 1 knockout and treatment with a sortilin 1 inhibitor reduced plasma cholesterol in Western diet-fed mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:539-549. [PMID: 30670473 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sortilin 1 (Sort1) is a member of the Vps10p domain intracellular trafficking receptor family. Genetic variations of the SORT1 gene are strongly associated with plasma cholesterol levels in humans. Recent studies have linked Sort1 to regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes and pro-inflammatory response in macrophages, but the tissue-specific roles of Sort1 in lipid metabolism have not been well defined. We developed Sort1 floxed mice and investigated the development of Western diet (WD)-induced steatosis, hepatic inflammatory response, and hyperlipidemia in hepatocyte Sort1 KO mice and myeloid cell Sort1 KO mice. Our findings suggest that hepatocyte Sort1 deficiency attenuated diet-induced hepatic steatosis and hypercholesterolemia in mice. In contrast, myeloid Sort1 deficiency did not reduce hepatic cytokine expression or plasma cholesterol levels, but exacerbated hepatic triglyceride accumulation in WD-fed mice. Finally, we showed that treating WD-fed mice with an orally bioavailable Sort1 inhibitor, AF38469, decreased plasma cholesterol and hepatic cytokine expression. AF38469 treatment did not affect diet-induced obesity or insulin resistance, but was associated with reduced hepatic VLDL secretion and higher hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydrolase expression in WD-fed mice. In conclusion, findings from this study suggest that Sort1 loss-of-function in hepatocytes contributes to lower plasma cholesterol, and pharmacological inhibition of Sort1 attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Jibiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - David J Matye
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Biscetti F, Bonadia N, Santini F, Angelini F, Nardella E, Pitocco D, Santoliquido A, Filipponi M, Landolfi R, Flex A. Sortilin levels are associated with peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetic subjects. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30634965 PMCID: PMC6329108 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sortilin is a 95-kDa protein which has recently been linked to circulating cholesterol concentration and lifetime risk of developing significant atherosclerotic disease. Sortilin is found inside different cell types and circulating in blood. Higher circulating sortilin concentration has been found in patients with coronary atherosclerosis compared to control subjects. Sortilin concentration is influenced by statin therapy. METHODS We enrolled statin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and we performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between sortilin levels and the presence of clinically significant lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD) in a population of statin-free diabetic subjects. RESULTS Out of the 154 patients enrolled in our study, 80 patients were free from PAD, while 74 had clinically significant PAD. Sortilin concentration was significantly higher in the latter group compared to the former (1.61 ± 0.54 ng/mL versus 0.67 ± 0.30 ng/mL, P < 0.01) and there was a trend toward increased sortilin levels as disease severity increased. The association of sortilin levels with PAD remained after adjusting for major risk factors in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We showed that sortilin is significantly and independently associated with the presence of lower limb PAD in a statin-free diabetic population and it may be a promising marker for clinically significant atherosclerosis of the lower limbs. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and to evaluate its clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Bonadia
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- U.O.C. Medicina d’Urgenza e Pronto Soccorso, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Angelini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nardella
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Pitocco
- U.O.S.A. di Diabetologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- U.O.S. Angiologia Columbus, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Landolfi
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Flex
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Wang F, Zhang Z, Fang A, Jin Q, Fang D, Liu Y, Wu J, Tan X, Wei Y, Jiang C, Song X. Macrophage Foam Cell-Targeting Immunization Attenuates Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3127. [PMID: 30687328 PMCID: PMC6335275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Macrophage foam cells (FCs) play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Reducing the formation or inducing the removal of FCs could ameliorate atherosclerosis. The present study examined whether the whole-cell vaccination using FCs could be used as novel prevention and treatment strategies to battle atherosclerosis. Methods: ApoE−/− mice with initial or established atherosclerosis were subcutaneously immunized three times with FCs in Freund's adjuvant. Results: Immunization with FCs resulted in an overt reduction of atherosclerotic lesion in the whole aorta and the aortic root with enhanced lesion stability. Subsequent study in mechanism showed that FCs vaccination dramatically increased CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell populations. Immunization with FCs significantly raised the plasma FCs-specific IgG antibodies. Of note, the FCs immune plasma could selectively recognize and bind to FC. FCs immune plasma significantly blocked the process of FCs formation, finally reduced the accumulation of FCs in plaque. Additionally, it was observed that FCs immunization down-regulated the expression level of atherosclerosis related pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-6 and enhanced the lesion stability with a significant increase in TGF-β1 level and collagen content. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the whole-cell vaccination using FCs significantly decreased lesion development and positively modulated lesion progression and stability by targeting FCs. The whole-cell FCs vaccine might represent a potential novel strategy for development of new antibodies and vaccines to the prevention or treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Aiping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quansheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dailong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Medical School of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangrong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Talbot H, Saada S, Naves T, Gallet PF, Fauchais AL, Jauberteau MO. Regulatory Roles of Sortilin and SorLA in Immune-Related Processes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1507. [PMID: 30666202 PMCID: PMC6330335 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin, also known as Neurotensin Receptor-3, and the sorting-related receptor with type-A repeats (SorLA) are both members of the Vps10p domain receptor family. Initially identified in CNS cells, they are expressed in various other cell types where they exert multiple functions. Although mostly studied for its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease, SorLA has recently been shown to be implicated in immune response by regulating IL-6-mediated signaling, as well as driving monocyte migration. Sortilin has been shown to act as a receptor, as a co-receptor and as an intra- and extracellular trafficking regulator. In the last two decades, deregulation of sortilin has been demonstrated to be involved in many human pathophysiologies, including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases), type 2 diabetes and obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis. Several studies highlighted different functions of sortilin in the immune system, notably in microglia, pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation, phagosome fusion and pathogen clearance. In this review, we will analyze the multiple roles of sortilin and SorLA in the human immune system and how their deregulation may be involved in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Talbot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sofiane Saada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Thomas Naves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Anne-Laure Fauchais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Limoges Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Limoges, Limoges, France.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Limoges Dupuytren Hospital, Limoges, France
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50
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Chellan B, Sutton NR, Hofmann Bowman MA. S100/RAGE-Mediated Inflammation and Modified Cholesterol Lipoproteins as Mediators of Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:163. [PMID: 30467547 PMCID: PMC6235906 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a feature of atherosclerosis and shares many risk factors including diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and age. Although there is overlap in risk factors, anti-atherosclerotic therapies, including statins, fail to reduce arterial, and aortic valve calcifications. This suggests that low density lipoprotein (LDL) may not be the main driver for aortic valve disease and arterial calcification. This review focuses on modified LDLs and their role in mediating foam cell formation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), with special emphasis on enzyme modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL). In vivo, ELDL represents one of the many forms of modified LDLs present in the atherosclerotic vessel. Phenotypic changes of macrophages and SMCs brought about by the uptake of modified LDLs overlap significantly in an atherosclerotic milieu, making it practically impossible to differentiate between the effects from oxidized LDL, ELDL, and other LDL modification. By studying in vitro-generated modifications of LDL, we were able to demonstrate marked differences in the transcriptome of human coronary artery SMCs (HCASMCs) upon uptake of ELDL, OxLDL, and native LDL, indicating that specific modifications of LDL in atherosclerotic plaques may determine the biology and functional consequences in vasculature. Enzyme-modified non-oxidized LDL (ELDL) induces calcification of SMCs and this is associated with reduced mRNA levels for genes protective for calcification (ENPP1, MGP) and upregulation of osteoblastic genes. A second focus of this review is on the synergy between hyperlipidemia and accelerated calcification In vivo in a mouse models with transgenic expression of human S100A12. We summarize mechanisms of S100A12/RAGE mediated vascular inflammation promoting vascular and valve calcification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijoy Chellan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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