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Söderpalm B, Ericson M. Alcohol and the dopamine system. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:21-73. [PMID: 38555117 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine pathway plays a major role in drug reinforcement and is likely involved also in the development of drug addiction. Ethanol, like most addictive drugs, acutely activates the mesolimbic dopamine system and releases dopamine, and ethanol-associated stimuli also appear to trigger dopamine release. In addition, chronic exposure to ethanol reduces the baseline function of the mesolimbic dopamine system. The molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol´s interaction with this system remain, however, to be unveiled. Here research on the actions of ethanol in the mesolimbic dopamine system, focusing on the involvement of cystein-loop ligand-gated ion channels, opiate receptors, gastric peptides and acetaldehyde is briefly reviewed. In summary, a great complexity as regards ethanol´s mechanism(s) of action along the mesolimbic dopamine system has been revealed. Consequently, several new targets and possibilities for pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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de Bejczy A, Lidö H, Söderpalm B. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial on the efficacy of varenicline and bupropion in combination and alone for treatment of alcohol use disorder: Protocol for the COMB study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296118. [PMID: 38206930 PMCID: PMC10783749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a major cause of premature death, disability and suffering. Available treatments are of modest efficacy and under-prescribed so there is a pressing need for a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for AUD. Dopamine is hypothesized to be involved in the development of alcohol dependence. To challenge the low-dopamine hypothesis of addiction, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 13-week, multicentre clinical trial with four parallel arms is designed to evaluate the efficacy of two substances raising dopamine levels, varenicline and bupropion, alone and in combination vs. placebo on alcohol consumption in AUD. Varenicline, a partial agonist at brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors increases dopamine release, whereas bupropion is a centrally-acting, norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Varenicline is previously shown to reduce alcohol intake in individuals with AUD. We hypothesize that the effect size of a combination of two drugs affecting dopamine levels in the brain will exceed that of approved AUD therapies. METHODS Consenting individuals with AUD will be recruited via media advertisements. Those fulfilling the eligibility criteria (N = 380) will be randomized to one of four interventions (n = 95 per arm). Treatment will comprise one week of titration (varenicline 0.5‒2 mg; bupropion SR 150‒300 mg) plus 12 weeks at steady state. Efficacy will be evaluated using two primary endpoints of alcohol consumption: Heavy Drinking Days and blood levels of phosphatidylethanol. Secondary objectives, exploratory and subgroup analyses will be also performed. The modified Intention-to-Treat and Per Protocol datasets will be evaluated using Analysis of Covariance. Last patient out is estimated to occur in December, 2022. DISCUSSION The COMB Study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of varenicline and bupropion, two drugs affecting dopamine, on alcohol consumption, and to challenge the low-dopamine hypothesis of addiction. Study Code COMB-BO8, EudraCT 2018-000048-24, Version 3.2, Lidö & deBejczy, 2020-06-16; https://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04167306.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bejczy
- Addiction Biology Unit, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helga Lidö
- Addiction Biology Unit, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Psychiatry and Neurochemistry Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Beck A, Ebrahimi C, Rosenthal A, Charlet K, Heinz A. The Dopamine System in Mediating Alcohol Effects in Humans. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36705911 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Brain-imaging studies show that the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is determined by a complex interaction of different neurotransmitter systems and multiple psychological factors. In this context, the dopaminergic reinforcement system appears to be of fundamental importance. We focus on the excitatory and depressant effects of acute versus chronic alcohol intake and its impact on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Furthermore, we describe alterations in dopaminergic neurotransmission as associated with symptoms of alcohol dependence. We specifically focus on neuroadaptations to chronic alcohol consumption and their effect on central processing of alcohol-associated and reward-related stimuli. Altered reward processing, complex conditioning processes, impaired reinforcement learning, and increased salience attribution to alcohol-associated stimuli enable alcohol cues to drive alcohol seeking and consumption. Finally, we will discuss how the neurobiological and neurochemical mechanisms of alcohol-associated alterations in reward processing and learning can interact with stress, cognition, and emotion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beck
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Charlet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Bach P, de Timary P, Gründer G, Cumming P. Molecular Imaging Studies of Alcohol Use Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 36639552 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a serious public health problem in many countries, bringing a gamut of health risks and impairments to individuals and a great burden to society. Despite the prevalence of a disease model of AUD, the current pharmacopeia does not present reliable treatments for AUD; approved treatments are confined to a narrow spectrum of medications engaging inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission and possibly excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and opioid receptor antagonists. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can open a window into the living brain and has provided diverse insights into the pathology of AUD. In this narrative review, we summarize the state of molecular imaging findings on the pharmacological action of ethanol and the neuropathological changes associated with AUD. Laboratory and preclinical imaging results highlight the interactions between ethanol and GABA A-type receptors (GABAAR), but the interpretation of such results is complicated by subtype specificity. An abundance of studies with the glucose metabolism tracer fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) concur in showing cerebral hypometabolism after ethanol challenge, but there is relatively little data on long-term changes in AUD. Alcohol toxicity evokes neuroinflammation, which can be tracked using PET with ligands for the microglial marker translocator protein (TSPO). Several PET studies show reversible increases in TSPO binding in AUD individuals, and preclinical results suggest that opioid-antagonists can rescue from these inflammatory responses. There are numerous PET/SPECT studies showing changes in dopaminergic markers, generally consistent with an impairment in dopamine synthesis and release among AUD patients, as seen in a number of other addictions; this may reflect the composite of an underlying deficiency in reward mechanisms that predisposes to AUD, in conjunction with acquired alterations in dopamine signaling. There is little evidence for altered serotonin markers in AUD, but studies with opioid receptor ligands suggest a specific up-regulation of the μ-opioid receptor subtype. Considerable heterogeneity in drinking patterns, gender differences, and the variable contributions of genetics and pre-existing vulnerability traits present great challenges for charting the landscape of molecular imaging in AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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5
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Dieterich R, Endrass T. Neural Correlates of Cue Reactivity and the Regulation of Craving in Substance Use Disorders. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Theoretical background: Considerable progress has been made in illuminating the neural basis of the compulsive use patterns characterizing substance use disorders. It has been suggested to utilize these findings to alleviate the health burden associated with substance use. Objective: We address how neuroimaging research can provide these benefits. Methods: Based on neurobiological models of addiction, we highlight neuroimaging research elucidating neural predictors of relapse and how treatments modify these markers. Results: With the focus on cue reactivity, brain activity related to the motivational salience of drugs and automatized use behaviors can predict relapse. Cue reactivity changes with abstinence, and it remains to be determined whether such changes confer periods of critical relapse susceptibility. Conclusions: Several established and emerging interventions modulate brain activity associated with drug value. However, executive deficits in addiction may compromise interventions targeting control-related prefrontal brain areas. Lastly, it remains more difficult to change the brain responses mediating habitual behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Dieterich
- Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Germany
| | - Tanja Endrass
- Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Germany
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Cutuli D, Sampedro-Piquero P. BDNF and its Role in the Alcohol Abuse Initiated During Early Adolescence: Evidence from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2202-2220. [PMID: 35748555 PMCID: PMC9886842 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220624111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a crucial brain signaling protein that is integral to many signaling pathways. This neurotrophin has shown to be highly involved in brain plastic processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and neurotransmission, among others. In the first part of this review, we revise the role of BDNF in different neuroplastic processes within the central nervous system. On the other hand, its deficiency in key neural circuits is associated with the development of psychiatric disorders, including alcohol abuse disorder. Many people begin to drink alcohol during adolescence, and it seems that changes in BDNF are evident after the adolescent regularly consumes alcohol. Therefore, the second part of this manuscript addresses the involvement of BDNF during adolescent brain maturation and how this process can be negatively affected by alcohol abuse. Finally, we propose different BNDF enhancers, both behavioral and pharmacological, which should be considered in the treatment of problematic alcohol consumption initiated during the adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Cutuli
- Department of Psychology, Medicine and Psychology Faculty, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy; ,I.R.C.C.S. Fondazione Santa Lucia, Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; ,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Spain and Cutuli, D. at Fondazione Santa Lucia. Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento. Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; E-mails: ;
| | - Piquero Sampedro-Piquero
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biological and Health Psychology, Psychology Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Spain and Cutuli, D. at Fondazione Santa Lucia. Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia Sperimentale e del Comportamento. Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Roma, Italy; E-mails: ;
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Dai KZ, Choi IB, Levitt R, Blegen MB, Kaplan AR, Matsui A, Shin JH, Bocarsly ME, Simpson EH, Kellendonk C, Alvarez VA, Dobbs LK. Dopamine D2 receptors bidirectionally regulate striatal enkephalin expression: Implications for cocaine reward. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111440. [PMID: 36170833 PMCID: PMC9620395 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability in the striatum can predispose for cocaine abuse; though how low striatal D2Rs facilitate cocaine reward is unclear. Overexpression of D2Rs in striatal neurons or activation of D2Rs by acute cocaine suppresses striatal Penk mRNA. Conversely, low D2Rs in D2-striatal neurons increases striatal Penk mRNA and enkephalin peptide tone, an endogenous mu-opioid agonist. In brain slices, met-enkephalin and inhibition of enkephalin catabolism suppresses intra-striatal GABA transmission. Pairing cocaine with intra-accumbens met-enkephalin during place conditioning facilitates acquisition of preference, while mu-opioid receptor antagonist blocks preference in wild-type mice. We propose that heightened striatal enkephalin potentiates cocaine reward by suppressing intra-striatal GABA to enhance striatal output. Surprisingly, a mu-opioid receptor antagonist does not block cocaine preference in mice with low striatal D2Rs, implicating other opioid receptors. The bidirectional regulation of enkephalin by D2R activity and cocaine offers insights into mechanisms underlying the vulnerability for cocaine abuse. Low striatal D2 receptor levels are associated with cocaine abuse. Dai et al. bidirectionally alter striatal D2 receptor levels to probe the downstream mechanisms underlying this abuse liability. They provide evidence that enhanced enkephalin tone resulting from low D2 receptors is associated with suppressed intra-striatal GABA and potentiated cocaine reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Z Dai
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - In Bae Choi
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Levitt
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mariah B Blegen
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alanna R Kaplan
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aya Matsui
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Hoon Shin
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miriam E Bocarsly
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eleanor H Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica A Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center on Compulsive Behaviors, IRP, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren K Dobbs
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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8
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The effects of social isolation stress and discrimination on mental health. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:398. [PMID: 36130935 PMCID: PMC9490697 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social isolation and discrimination are growing public health concerns associated with poor physical and mental health. They are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. Despite their detrimental effects on health, there is a lack of knowledge regarding translation across the domains of experimental research, clinical studies, and real-life applications. Here, we review and synthesize evidence from basic research in animals and humans to clinical translation and interventions. Animal models indicate that social separation stress, particularly in early life, activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and interacts with monoaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems, inducing long-lasting reductions in serotonin turnover and alterations in dopamine receptor sensitivity. These findings are of particular importance for human social isolation stress, as effects of social isolation stress on the same neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in addictive, psychotic, and affective disorders. Children may be particularly vulnerable due to lasting effects of social isolation and discrimination stress on the developing brain. The effects of social isolation and loneliness are pronounced in the context of social exclusion due to discrimination and racism, during widespread infectious disease related containment strategies such as quarantine, and in older persons due to sociodemographic changes. This highlights the importance of new strategies for social inclusion and outreach, including gender, culture, and socially sensitive telemedicine and digital interventions for mental health care.
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9
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Say FM, Tryhus AM, Epperly PM, Nader SH, Solingapuram Sai KK, George BE, Kirse HA, Czoty PW. Effects of chronic cocaine and ethanol self‐administration on brain dopamine receptors in a rhesus monkey model of polysubstance abuse. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13219. [PMID: 36001440 PMCID: PMC9413385 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most individuals with cocaine use disorder also use alcohol; however, little is known about the behavioural and pharmacological mechanisms that promote co‐abuse. For example, although studies in humans and animals have documented that chronic use of either alcohol or cocaine alone decreases D2‐like receptor (D2R) availability, effects of co‐abuse of these substances on dopamine receptor function have not been characterized. These studies examined the effects of long‐term cocaine self‐administration in 12 male rhesus monkeys who also consumed either ethanol or an ethanol‐free solution each day (n = 6 per group). Specifically, all monkeys self‐administered cocaine (0.1 mg/kg per injection) 5 days per week in the morning. In the afternoon, six monkeys consumed 2.0 g/kg ethanol over 1 h to model binge drinking and six monkeys drank an ethanol‐free solution. Assessment of D2R availability using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]raclopride occurred when monkeys were drug‐naïve and again when monkeys had self‐administered approximately 400‐mg/kg cocaine. D3R function was assessed at the same time points by determining the potency of the D3R‐preferring agonist quinpirole to elicit yawns. Chronic cocaine self‐administration decreased D2R availability in subregions of the basal ganglia in control monkeys, but not those that also drank ethanol. In contrast, D3R sensitivity increased significantly after chronic cocaine self‐administration in ethanol‐drinking monkeys but not controls. These results suggest that co‐use of ethanol substantially changes the effects of chronic cocaine self‐administration on dopamine receptors, specifically implicating D3R as a target for medications in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity M. Say
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Aaron M. Tryhus
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Phillip M. Epperly
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Susan H. Nader
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Kiran K. Solingapuram Sai
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Brianna E. George
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Haley A. Kirse
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem North Carolina USA
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10
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Lu L, Yang W, Zhang X, Tang F, Du Y, Fan L, Luo J, Yan C, Zhang J, Li J, Liu J, von Deneen KM, Yu D, Liu J, Yuan K. Potential brain recovery of frontostriatal circuits in heroin users after prolonged abstinence: A preliminary study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 152:326-334. [PMID: 35785575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientists have devoted efforts to explore potential brain recovery after prolonged abstinence in heroin users (HU). However, not much is known about whether frontostriatal circuits can recover after prolonged abstinence in HU. An eight-month longitudinal study was carried out for HU. Two MRI scans were obtained at baseline (HU1) and 8-month follow-up (HU2). The functional and structural connectivities of dorsal and ventral frontostriatal pathways were measured by resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Correlation analyses were employed to reveal the associations between neuroimaging and behavioral changes. Results suggested that relative to healthy controls (HCs), HU1 showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-to-caudate tracts and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC)-to-nucleus accumbens (NAc) tracts as well as decreased RSFC in the left mOFC-NAc circuits. Longitudinal results revealed reduced craving and enhanced cognitive control in HU2 compared with HU1. After prolonged abstinence, HU2 showed increased FA values in the right DLPFC-caudate and mOFC-NAc tracts as well as increased RSFC strength in the bilateral mOFC-NAc circuits compared with HU1. In addition, changes in RSFC and FA values in the right mOFC-NAc circuit were negatively correlated with craving score changes. Similarly, negative correlations were also found between changes of RSFC in the bilateral DLPFC-caudate circuits and TMT-A scores. We provided scientific evidence for brain recovery of the dorsal and ventral frontostriatal circuits in HU after prolonged abstinence, and these circuits may be potential neuroimaging biomarkers for cognition and craving changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaozi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanyao Du
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Hunan Judicial Police Academy, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Jixin Liu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Dahua Yu
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China; International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China; Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, China.
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11
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Hasbi A, Madras BK, George SR. Daily THC and withdrawal increase dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer to mediate anhedonia and anxiogenic-like behavior through a dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mechanism. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [PMID: 37519471 PMCID: PMC10382712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequent cannabis use is associated with a higher risk of developing cannabis use disorder and other adverse consequences. However, rodent models studying the underlying mechanisms of the reinforcing and withdrawal effects of the primary constituent of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), have been limited. Methods This study investigated the effects of daily THC (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 9 days) and spontaneous withdrawal (7 days) on hedonic and aversion-like behaviors in male rats. In parallel, underlying neuroadaptive changes in dopaminergic, opioidergic, and cannabinoid signaling in the nucleus accumbens were evaluated, along with a candidate peptide designed to reverse altered signaling. Results Chronic THC administration induced anhedonic- and anxiogenic-like behaviors not attributable to altered locomotor activity. These effects persisted after drug cessation. In the nucleus accumbens, THC treatment and withdrawal catalyzed increased cannabinoid CB1 receptor activity without modifying receptor expression. Dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer expression rose steeply with THC, accompanied by increased calcium-linked signaling, activation of BDNF/TrkB (brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B) pathway, dynorphin expression, and kappa opioid receptor signaling. Disruption of the D1-D2 heteromer by an interfering peptide during withdrawal reversed the anxiogenic-like and anhedonic-like behaviors as well as the neurochemical changes. Conclusions Chronic THC increases nucleus accumbens dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer expression and function, which results in increased dynorphin expression and kappa opioid receptor activation. These changes plausibly reduce dopamine release to trigger anxiogenic- and anhedonic-like behaviors after daily THC administration that persist for at least 7 days after drug cessation. These findings conceivably provide a therapeutic strategy to alleviate negative symptoms associated with cannabis use and withdrawal.
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12
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Bağci B, Düsmez S, Zorlu N, Bahtiyar G, Isikli S, Bayrakci A, Heinz A, Schad DJ, Sebold M. Computational analysis of probabilistic reversal learning deficits in male subjects with alcohol use disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:960238. [PMID: 36339830 PMCID: PMC9626515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.960238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is characterized by perseverative alcohol use despite negative consequences. This hallmark feature of addiction potentially relates to impairments in behavioral flexibility, which can be measured by probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) paradigms. We here aimed to examine the cognitive mechanisms underlying impaired PRL task performance in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUDP) using computational models of reinforcement learning. METHODS Twenty-eight early abstinent AUDP and 27 healthy controls (HC) performed an extensive PRL paradigm. We compared conventional behavioral variables of choices (perseveration; correct responses) between groups. Moreover, we fitted Bayesian computational models to the task data to compare differences in latent cognitive variables including reward and punishment learning and choice consistency between groups. RESULTS AUDP and HC did not significantly differ with regard to direct perseveration rates after reversals. However, AUDP made overall less correct responses and specifically showed decreased win-stay behavior compared to HC. Interestingly, AUDP showed premature switching after no or little negative feedback but elevated proneness to stay when accumulation of negative feedback would make switching a more optimal option. Computational modeling revealed that AUDP compared to HC showed enhanced learning from punishment, a tendency to learn less from positive feedback and lower choice consistency. CONCLUSION Our data do not support the assumption that AUDP are characterized by increased perseveration behavior. Instead our findings provide evidence that enhanced negative reinforcement and decreased non-drug-related reward learning as well as diminished choice consistency underlie dysfunctional choice behavior in AUDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Bağci
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Selin Düsmez
- Department of Psychiatry, Midyat State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Bahtiyar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bingöl State Hospital, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Serhan Isikli
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Adem Bayrakci
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel J Schad
- Department of Psychology, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Nutt D, Hayes A, Fonville L, Zafar R, Palmer EO, Paterson L, Lingford-Hughes A. Alcohol and the Brain. Nutrients 2021; 13:3938. [PMID: 34836193 PMCID: PMC8625009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol works on the brain to produce its desired effects, e.g., sociability and intoxication, and hence the brain is an important organ for exploring subsequent harms. These come in many different forms such as the consequences of damage during intoxication, e.g., from falls and fights, damage from withdrawal, damage from the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites and altered brain structure and function with implications for behavioral processes such as craving and addiction. On top of that are peripheral factors that compound brain damage such as poor diet, vitamin deficiencies leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also have a profound impact on brain development and lead to irremediable changes of fetal alcohol syndrome. This chapter briefly reviews aspects of these with a particular focus on recent brain imaging results. Cardiovascular effects of alcohol that lead to brain pathology are not covered as they are dealt with elsewhere in the volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK; (A.H.); (L.F.); (R.Z.); (E.O.C.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.-H.)
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14
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Chukwueke CC, Nona CN, McPhee MD, Mansouri E, Rubin-Kahana DS, Martinez D, Boileau I, Hendershot CS, Le Foll B. Exploring regulation and function of dopamine D3 receptors in alcohol use disorder. A PET [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2112-2120. [PMID: 34349232 PMCID: PMC8336665 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies support an important role of dopamine D3 receptors (DRD3s) in alcohol use disorder (AUD). In animals, voluntary alcohol consumption increases DRD3 expression, and pharmacological blockade of DRD3s attenuates alcohol self-administration and reinstatement of alcohol seeking. However, these findings have yet to be translated in humans. This study used positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]-(+)-PHNO to compare receptor levels in several dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and DRD3 regions of interest between AUD subjects in early abstinence (n = 17; 6.59 ± 4.14 days of abstinence) and healthy controls (n = 18). We recruited non-treatment seeking subjects meeting DSM-5 criteria for AUD. We examined the relationship between DRD2/3 levels and both alcohol craving and alcohol motivation/wanting, using a cue reactivity procedure and an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IVASA) paradigm, respectively. [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding levels in AUD subjects were significantly lower than binding in HCs when looking at all DRD2/3 ROIs jointly (Wilk's Λ = .58, F(6,28) =3.33, p = 0.013, η2p = 0.42), however there were no region-specific differences. Binding values demonstrate -12.3% and -16.1% lower [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SMST and SN respectively, though these differences did not withstand Bonferroni corrections. There was a positive association between [11C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the SN (almost exclusively reflective of DRD3) and alpha (lower values reflect higher alcohol demand) in the APT after Bonferroni corrections (r = 0.66, p = 0.0080). This demonstrates that AUD subjects with lower DRD3 levels in the SN exhibit increased demand for alcohol. These results replicate previous findings demonstrating reduced DRD2/3 levels while also supporting a lack of DRD3 upregulation and potential downregulation in early abstinent AUD. Furthermore, the finding that binding in the SN is associated with alcohol demand warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidera C. Chukwueke
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Christina N. Nona
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Matthew D. McPhee
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Esmaeil Mansouri
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Diana Martinez
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY USA ,grid.413734.60000 0000 8499 1112New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S. Hendershot
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ,grid.155956.b0000 0000 8793 5925Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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15
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Thompson BL, Maleki N, Kelly JF, Sy KTL, Oscar-Berman M. Brain, behavioral, affective, and sex correlates of recovery from alcohol use disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1578-1595. [PMID: 34432298 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) consists of salutary changes in behavior and affect. While evidence suggests that recovery-related behavioral changes, such as abstinence, emerge in tandem with both neural and affective changes, the precise relationships among these changes are unknown. To understand these relationships, we examined associations between the duration of abstinence (DOA), affective states, and neuroimaging-based structural measures of the brain reward system (BRS) in AUD men (AUDM ) and AUD women (AUDW ). METHODS Participants were community respondents from the Boston area comprising right-handed abstinent individuals with AUD (n = 60; 30 men) and controls without AUD (NC; n = 60; 29 men). Multivariate linear regressions compared short-/mid-term abstainers (≤5 years), long-term abstainers (>5 years), and the NC group on measures of BRS volume (3T magnetic resonance imaging scans) and measures of affect (Profile of Mood States [POMS]; Multiple Affect Adjective Check List [MAACL]; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD]). Analyses contrasted sex differences and accounted for age, education, drinking severity, and verbal IQ. RESULTS Compared to the NC group, short-/mid-term abstainers exhibited larger posterior insular volume (total (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.004, 0.034)), higher negative affect (POMS Mood Disturbance (β = 27.8, 95% CI: 11.56, 44.04), and lower positive affect (POMS Vigor (β = -4.89, 95% CI: -9.06, -0.72)). Compared to the NC group, Long-term abstainers exhibited significantly smaller volumes of aggregate anterior cingulate cortex (β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.113, -0.008) and higher HRSD scores (β = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.98). Relative to AUDM , AUDW exhibited significantly larger right anterior insular volumes (β = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) and significantly greater MAACL Positive Affect scores (β = 7.56, 95% CI: 0.59, 11.55) in association with DOA. CONCLUSIONS We found that differences in abstinence from alcohol were correlated with differences in both neural recovery and affective dimensions of recovery from AUDs. The observed sex differences extend evidence of dimorphic effects of AUDs and recovery on brain structure and function. Future longitudinal research will test inferences concerning the directionality of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Thompson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karla Therese L Sy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marlene Oscar-Berman
- Psychology Research Service, VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Psychiatry and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Park CI, Kim HW, Hwang SS, Kang JI, Kim SJ. Influence of dopamine-related genes on craving, impulsivity, and aggressiveness in Korean males with alcohol use disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:865-872. [PMID: 31559529 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a major neuromodulator that is acutely involved in various cognitive processes, reward-motivated behaviors, and impulsivity. Abnormality in dopaminergic neurotransmission is implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The present study examined the genetic influence of dopamine system on problematic drinking, impulsivity, and aggressiveness in a Korean male population with AUD. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4532 in DRD1, rs2283265 in DRD2, rs6280 in DRD3, rs1800497 in ANKK1, and rs4680 in COMT) and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) in DAT1 in 295 male patients with AUD were genotyped. For AUD-related clinical characteristics, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) were used to assess the severity of hazardous drinking and craving symptoms, respectively. Participants also completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ). Analyses were performed using R package SNPassoc; statistical significance was set as p < 0.0083 after Bonferroni correction. A significant association was detected between DRD3 SNP rs6280 and OCDS scores. In regard to impulsivity and aggressiveness, rs4532 of DRD1 was significantly associated with UPPS-P score. Also, rs4532 demonstrated a nominally significant association with BPAQ score, although it did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Results of this study support the idea that genetic variations in the dopamine system may contribute to alcohol cravings and impulsivity in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Syung Shick Hwang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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de Laat B, Kling YE, Schroyen G, Ooms M, Hooker JM, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Ceccarini J. Effects of chronic voluntary alcohol consumption on PDE10A availability: a longitudinal behavioral and [ 18F]JNJ42259152 PET study in rats. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:492-502. [PMID: 34142214 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is a dual substrate enzyme highly enriched in dopamine-receptive striatal medium spiny neurons, which are involved in psychiatric disorders such as alcohol use disorders (AUD). Although preclinical studies suggest a correlation of PDE10A mRNA expression in neuronal and behavioral responses to alcohol intake, little is known about the effects of alcohol exposure on in vivo PDE10A activity in relation to apparent risk factors for AUD such as decision-making and anxiety. METHODS We performed a longitudinal [18F]JNJ42259152 microPET study to evaluate PDE10A changes over a 9-week intermittent access to alcohol model, including 6 weeks of alcohol exposure, 2 weeks of abstinence followed by 1 week relapse. Parametric PDE10A-binding potential (BPND) images were generated using a Logan reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region and were analyzed using both a volume-of-interest and voxel-based approach. Moreover, individual decision-making and anxiety levels were assessed with the rat Iowa Gambling Task and open-field test over the IAE model. RESULTS We observed an increased alcohol preference especially in those animals that exhibited poor initial decision-making. The first 2 weeks of alcohol exposure resulted in an increased striatal PDE10A binding (> 10%). Comparing PDE10A-binding potential after 2 versus 4 weeks of exposure showed a significant decreased PDE10A in the caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens (pFWE-corrected < 0.05). This striatal PDE10A decrease was related to alcohol consumption and preference. Normalization of striatal PDE10A to initial levels was observed after 1 week of relapse, apart from the globus pallidus. CONCLUSION This study shows that chronic voluntary alcohol consumption induces a reversible increased PDE10A enzymatic availability in the striatum, which is related to the amount of alcohol preference. Thus, PDE10A-mediated signaling plays an important role in modulating the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and the data suggest that PDE10A inhibition may have beneficial behavioral effects on alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Laat
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Kling
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwen Schroyen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Ooms
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Gleich T, Spitta G, Butler O, Zacharias K, Aydin S, Sebold M, Garbusow M, Rapp M, Schubert F, Buchert R, Heinz A, Gallinat J. Dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder and individuals at high risk: Towards a dimensional approach. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12915. [PMID: 32500613 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common substance use disorder worldwide. Although dopamine-related findings were often observed in AUD, associated neurobiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigate D2/3 receptor availability in healthy participants, participants at high risk (HR) to develop addiction (not diagnosed with AUD), and AUD patients in a detoxified stage, applying 18 F-fallypride positron emission tomography (18 F-PET). Specifically, D2/3 receptor availability was investigated in (1) 19 low-risk (LR) controls, (2) 19 HR participants, and (3) 20 AUD patients after alcohol detoxification. Quality and severity of addiction were assessed with clinical questionnaires and (neuro)psychological tests. PET data were corrected for age of participants and smoking status. In the dorsal striatum, we observed significant reductions of D2/3 receptor availability in AUD patients compared with LR participants. Further, receptor availability in HR participants was observed to be intermediate between LR and AUD groups (linearly decreasing). Still, in direct comparison, no group difference was observed between LR and HR groups or between HR and AUD groups. Further, the score of the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS) was inversely correlated with D2/3 receptor availability in the combined sample. Thus, in line with a dimensional approach, striatal D2/3 receptor availability showed a linear decrease from LR participants to HR participants to AUD patients, which was paralleled by clinical measures. Our study shows that a core neurobiological feature in AUD seems to be detectable in an early, subclinical state, allowing more individualized alcohol prevention programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gleich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Gianna Spitta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Oisin Butler
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology Berlin Germany
| | - Kristin Zacharias
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Semiha Aydin
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Berlin Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department for Social and Preventive Medicine University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology Berlin Germany
| | | | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte (CCM) Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Juergen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
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Prasad K, de Vries EFJ, Elsinga PH, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Allosteric Interactions between Adenosine A 2A and Dopamine D 2 Receptors in Heteromeric Complexes: Biochemical and Pharmacological Characteristics, and Opportunities for PET Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041719. [PMID: 33572077 PMCID: PMC7915359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine and dopamine interact antagonistically in living mammals. These interactions are mediated via adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors (R). Stimulation of A2AR inhibits and blockade of A2AR enhances D2R-mediated locomotor activation and goal-directed behavior in rodents. In striatal membrane preparations, adenosine decreases both the affinity and the signal transduction of D2R via its interaction with A2AR. Reciprocal A2AR/D2R interactions occur mainly in striatopallidal GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the indirect pathway that are involved in motor control, and in striatal astrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens, they also take place in MSNs involved in reward-related behavior. A2AR and D2R co-aggregate, co-internalize, and co-desensitize. They are at very close distance in biomembranes and form heteromers. Antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine are (at least partially) caused by allosteric receptor–receptor interactions within A2AR/D2R heteromeric complexes. Such interactions may be exploited in novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and perhaps also attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Little is known about shifting A2AR/D2R heteromer/homodimer equilibria in the brain. Positron emission tomography with suitable ligands may provide in vivo information about receptor crosstalk in the living organism. Some experimental approaches, and strategies for the design of novel imaging agents (e.g., heterobivalent ligands) are proposed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
| | - Erik F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
| | - Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, C.Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.J.d.V.); (P.H.E.); (R.A.J.O.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.v.W.); Tel.: +31-50-3613215
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20
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Padula CB, Hansen A, Hughes RL, McNerney MW. Dimensions of Craving Interact with COMT Genotype to Predict Relapse in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder Six Months after Treatment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33419001 PMCID: PMC7825287 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with poor medical, psychological, and psychosocial outcomes and approximately 60% of individuals with AUD relapse six months after treatment. Craving is a core aspect of AUD and associated with high risk of relapse. One promising avenue to improve outcomes may be in understanding the relationship between COMT genotype, craving, and treatment outcomes. (2) Methods: To this end, we assessed craving, recent drinking history, and impulsivity in 70 individuals with AUD undergoing a standard course of treatment at a regional Veteran Affairs (VA) medical center. Saliva samples were collected to determine COMT genotype. In this prospective observational study, participants were followed for six months to determine who went on to relapse after treatment. (3) Results: Results revealed a significant interaction between craving and catechol-O-methyltransferse (COMT) genotype in predicting relapse. Post hoc exploratory analyses indicated that Met/Met homozygotes reported the highest levels of craving, and craving was associated with recent drinking history. Among Val/Val homozygotes, who had higher rates of relapse, craving was associated with impulsivity. (4) Conclusions: These associations highlight that specific profiles of psychological and biological factors may be important in understanding which individuals are at highest risk of relapse following treatment. Future studies that build on these findings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia B. Padula
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.L.H.); (M.W.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Annika Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Rachel L. Hughes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.L.H.); (M.W.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - M. Windy McNerney
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (R.L.H.); (M.W.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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21
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Hofmans L, Papadopetraki D, van den Bosch R, Määttä JI, Froböse MI, Zandbelt BB, Westbrook A, Verkes RJ, Cools R. Methylphenidate boosts choices of mental labor over leisure depending on striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2170-2179. [PMID: 32919405 PMCID: PMC7784967 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive enhancing effects of methylphenidate are well established, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We recently demonstrated that methylphenidate boosts cognitive motivation by enhancing the weight on the benefits of a cognitive task in a manner that depended on striatal dopamine. Here, we considered the complementary hypothesis that methylphenidate might also act by changing the weight on the opportunity cost of a cognitive task, that is, the cost of foregoing alternative opportunity. To this end, 50 healthy participants (25 women) completed a novel cognitive effort-discounting task that required choices between task and leisure. They were tested on methylphenidate, placebo, as well as the selective D2-receptor agent sulpiride, the latter to strengthen inference about dopamine receptor selectivity of methylphenidate's effects. Furthermore, they also underwent an [18F]DOPA PET scan to quantify striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Methylphenidate boosted choices of cognitive effort over leisure across the group, and this effect was greatest in participants with more striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. The effects of sulpiride did not reach significance. This study strengthens the motivational account of methylphenidate's effects on cognition, and suggests that methylphenidate reduces the cost of mental labor by increasing striatal dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Hofmans
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Danae Papadopetraki
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben van den Bosch
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica I Määttä
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monja I Froböse
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram B Zandbelt
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Westbrook
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistics and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robbert-Jan Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Forensic Psychiatric Centre Nijmegen, Pompestichting, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Criminal Law, Law School, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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22
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Heinz A, Mascarell Maricic L, Liu S, Walter H, Schumann G, Beck A. [The IMAGEN cohort: perspectives and problems of longitudinal research]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 92:228-233. [PMID: 33245403 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk factors for major mental disorders identified in psychiatric research show a substantial overlap. Therefore, it has been suggested that neurobiological research should focus on intermediate phenotypes that reflect shared aspects of different mental disorders due to overlapping genetic effects and environmental factors. Longitudinal studies are required to assess the interaction between genetic variability and modifying environmental factors and to investigate the effects on intermediate phenotypes and (mediated by them) on the expression of individual mental disorders. OBJECTIVE Discussion of the possibilities and limitations of longitudinal cohort studies using the IMAGEN study as an example. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of the European IMAGEN study are presented with a focus on addiction. RESULTS The longitudinal assessments of the IMAGEN cohort revealed that neuroimaging data indicating a low activation of the dopaminergic reinforcement system detected at the age of 14 years are predictive for increased drug use. In addition to genetic factors, environmental influences such as maternal smoking during pregnancy were correlated with this low activation. CONCLUSION Longitudinal neurobiological basic research can validate the effects of candidate genes and reveal relevant environmental factors. Relevant modifiable factors indicated by the IMAGEN study and related datasets include drug use during pregnancy, trauma and other experiences of violence, social disadvantage and exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heinz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité im St. Hedwig Krankenhaus, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - L Mascarell Maricic
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Liu
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - H Walter
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - G Schumann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Beck
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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23
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Yamamoto Y, Takahata K, Kubota M, Takano H, Takeuchi H, Kimura Y, Sano Y, Kurose S, Ito H, Mimura M, Higuchi M. Differential associations of dopamine synthesis capacity with the dopamine transporter and D2 receptor availability as assessed by PET in the living human brain. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117543. [PMID: 33186713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dopamine (DA) neurotransmission has been implicated in fundamental brain functions, exemplified by movement controls, reward-seeking, motivation, and cognition. Although dysregulation of DA neurotransmission in the striatum is known to be involved in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, it is yet to be clarified whether components of the DA transmission, such as synthesis, receptors, and reuptake are coupled with each other to homeostatically maintain the DA neurotransmission. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of the DA synthesis capacity with the availabilities of DA transporters and D2 receptors in the striatum of healthy subjects. METHODS First, we examined correlations between the DA synthesis capacity and DA transporter availability in the caudate and putamen using PET data with L-[β-11C]DOPA and [18F]FE-PE2I, respectively, acquired from our past dual-tracer studies. Next, we investigated relationships between the DA synthesis capacity and D2 receptor availability employing PET data with L-[β-11C]DOPA and [11C]raclopride, respectively, obtained from other previous dual-tracer assays. RESULTS We found a significant positive correlation between the DA synthesis capacity and DA transporter availability in the putamen, while no significant correlations between the DA synthesis capacity and D2 receptor availability in the striatum. CONCLUSION The intimate association of the DA synthesis rate with the presynaptic reuptake of DA indicates homeostatic maintenance of the baseline synaptic DA concentration. In contrast, the total abundance of D2 receptors, which consist of presynaptic autoreceptors and postsynaptic modulatory receptors, may not have an immediate relationship to this regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takahata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sano
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shin Kurose
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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24
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Kaminskaite M, Jokubka R, Janaviciute J, Lelyte I, Sinkariova L, Pranckeviciene A, Borutaite V, Bunevicius A. Epistatic effect of Ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 - Dopamine receptor D2 and catechol-o-methyltransferase single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk for hazardous use of alcohol in Lithuanian population. Gene 2020; 765:145107. [PMID: 32889058 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Lithuanian population has outstanding rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol related mortality. Alteration of brain dopaminergic system play a role in the risk for addiction disorders. We evaluated the association of one single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800497 in the Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 - Dopamine Receptor D2 complex (ANKK1-DRD2) and a catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphism with the risk for alcohol use disorder and impulsiveness in Lithuanian population. Both genetic polymorphisms are known to alter brain dopaminergic activity, thus we also investigated the possible interaction effect of these polymorphisms. METHODS The study included 329 participants recruited from the local community. Hazardous alcohol use was evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). Impulsiveness was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - 11 (BIS-11). Between group differences of AUDIT and BIS-11 scores were examined stratified by genetic polymorphisms and their combinations. The independent effect of each polymorphism and their interaction for hazardous alcohol use were evaluated using adjusted logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 polymorphism was associated with total AUDIT score, but not with the hazardous use of alcohol, as indicated by the AUDIT test cut-off of 8. The COMT rs4680 GG genotype was associated with the hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.094, p = 0.029), but this association was not statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Presence of both COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 GGxCT/TT polymorphisms was associated with significantly increased risk for hazardous use of alcohol (adjusted OR = 5.016, p = 0.005). The COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms, and their combination were not associated with impulsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the interaction of COMT rs4680 and ANKK1-DRD2 rs1800497 genetic polymorphisms is associated with a hazardous use of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migle Kaminskaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ramunas Jokubka
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Inesa Lelyte
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Liuda Sinkariova
- Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Pranckeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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25
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Söderpalm B, Danielsson K, Bejczy A, Adermark L, Ericson M. Combined administration of varenicline and bupropion produces additive effects on accumbal dopamine and abolishes the alcohol deprivation effect in rats. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12807. [PMID: 31293045 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is detrimental to health and causes preterm death. Unfortunately, available pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments have small effect sizes, and improved treatments are needed. Smoking and AUD share heritability and are pharmacologically associated, since drug-induced dopamine (DA) output in nucleus accumbens (nAc) involves nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in both cases. Smoking therapy agents, such as the partial nAChR agonist varenicline or the DA/noradrenaline transporter inhibitor bupropion, could potentially also be used for AUD. To investigate this hypothesis, the effects of varenicline, bupropion, or a combination of the two on nAc DA levels, ethanol intake, and the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) were examined. In vivo microdialysis showed that varenicline (1.5 mg/kg) and bupropion (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) elevated nAc DA levels and that the combination produced additive effects. Five days treatment with varenicline, bupropion, or the combination did not suppress ethanol consumption, as compared with vehicle-treated control. However, combined administration of varenicline and bupropion completely blocked the ADE when readministering ethanol following 14 days of abstinence. Since ADE is considered highly predictive for the clinical outcome in man, our data suggest that the combination of varenicline and bupropion could be a promising treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- BeroendeklinikenSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Klara Danielsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrea Bejczy
- BeroendeklinikenSahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
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26
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Desmond JE, Rice LC, Cheng DT, Hua J, Qin Q, Rilee JJ, Faulkner ML, Sheu YS, Mathena JR, Wand GS, McCaul ME. Changes in Hemodynamic Response Function Resulting From Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1099-1111. [PMID: 32339317 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional MRI (fMRI) task-related analyses rely on an estimate of the brain's hemodynamic response function (HRF) to model the brain's response to events. Although changes in the HRF have been found after acute alcohol administration, the effects of heavy chronic alcohol consumption on the HRF have not been explored, and the potential benefits or pitfalls of estimating each individual's HRF on fMRI analyses of chronic alcohol use disorder (AUD) are not known. METHODS Participants with AUD and controls (CTL) received structural, functional, and vascular scans. During fMRI, participants were cued to tap their fingers, and averaged responses were extracted from the motor cortex. Curve fitting on these HRFs modeled them as a difference between 2 gamma distributions, and the temporal occurrence of the main peak and undershoot of the HRF was computed from the mean of the first and second gamma distributions, respectively. RESULTS ANOVA and regression analyses found that the timing of the HRF undershoot increased significantly as a function of total lifetime drinking. Although gray matter volume in the motor cortex decreased with lifetime drinking, this was not sufficient to explain undershoot timing shifts, and vascular factors measured in the motor cortex did not differ among groups. Comparison of random-effects analyses using custom-fitted and canonical HRFs for CTL and AUD groups showed better results throughout the brain for custom-fitted versus canonical HRFs for CTL subjects. For AUD subjects, the same was true except for the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that excessive alcohol consumption is associated with changes in the HRF undershoot. HRF changes could provide a possible biomarker for the effects of lifetime drinking on brain function. Changes in HRF topography affect fMRI activation measures, and subject-specific HRFs generally improve fMRI activation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Desmond
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura C Rice
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dominic T Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Jun Hua
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qin Qin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica J Rilee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yi-Shin Sheu
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joanna R Mathena
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary S Wand
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E McCaul
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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27
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Katthagen T, Kaminski J, Heinz A, Buchert R, Schlagenhauf F. Striatal Dopamine and Reward Prediction Error Signaling in Unmedicated Schizophrenia Patients. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1535-1546. [PMID: 32318717 PMCID: PMC7751190 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity has consistently been reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, the mechanism translating this into behavior and symptoms remains unclear. It has been proposed that heightened striatal dopamine may blunt dopaminergic reward prediction error signaling during reinforcement learning. In this study, we investigated striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, reward prediction errors, and their association in unmedicated schizophrenia patients (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 23). They took part in FDOPA-PET and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning, where they performed a reversal-learning paradigm. The groups were compared regarding dopamine synthesis capacity (Kicer), fMRI neural prediction error signals, and the correlation of both. Patients did not differ from controls with respect to striatal Kicer. Taking into account, comorbid alcohol abuse revealed that patients without such abuse showed elevated Kicer in the associative striatum, while those with abuse did not differ from controls. Comparing all patients to controls, patients performed worse during reversal learning and displayed reduced prediction error signaling in the ventral striatum. In controls, Kicer in the limbic striatum correlated with higher reward prediction error signaling, while there was no significant association in patients. Kicer in the associative striatum correlated with higher positive symptoms and blunted reward prediction error signaling was associated with negative symptoms. Our results suggest a dissociation between striatal subregions and symptom domains, with elevated dopamine synthesis capacity in the associative striatum contributing to positive symptoms while blunted prediction error signaling in the ventral striatum related to negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Katthagen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; tel: +49-(0)-30-450-517389, fax: +49-(0)-30-450-517962, e-mail:
| | - Jakob Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
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28
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Voon V, Grodin E, Mandali A, Morris L, Doñamayor N, Weidacker K, Kwako L, Goldman D, Koob GF, Momenan R. Addictions NeuroImaging Assessment (ANIA): Towards an integrative framework for alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:492-506. [PMID: 32298710 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol misuse and addiction are major international public health issues. Addiction can be characterized as a disorder of aberrant neurocircuitry interacting with environmental, genetic and social factors. Neuroimaging in alcohol misuse can thus provide a critical window into underlying neural mechanisms, highlighting possible treatment targets and acting as clinical biomarkers for predicting risk and treatment outcomes. This neuroimaging review on alcohol misuse in humans follows the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) that proposes incorporating three functional neuroscience domains integral to the neurocircuitry of addiction: incentive salience and habits, negative emotional states, and executive function within the context of the addiction cycle. Here we review and integrate multiple imaging modalities focusing on underlying cognitive processes such as reward anticipation, negative emotionality, cue reactivity, impulsivity, compulsivity and executive function. We highlight limitations in the literature and propose a model forward in the use of neuroimaging as a tool to understanding underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applicability for phenotyping of heterogeneity and predicting risk and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Erica Grodin
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurel Morris
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuria Doñamayor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura Kwako
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - George F Koob
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, UK
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Kim JS, Martin-Fardon R. Possible Role of CRF-Hcrt Interaction in the Infralimbic Cortex in the Emergence and Maintenance of Compulsive Alcohol-Seeking Behavior. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:354-367. [PMID: 31840823 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing disorder that is characterized by the compulsive use of alcohol despite numerous health, social, and economic consequences. Initially, the use of alcohol is driven by positive reinforcement. Over time, however, alcohol use can take on a compulsive quality that is driven by the desire to avoid the negative consequences of abstinence, including negative affect and heightened stress/anxiety. This transition from positive reinforcement- to negative reinforcement-driven consumption involves the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, although mounting evidence now suggests that the CRF system interacts with other neural systems to ultimately produce behaviors that are symptomatic of compulsive alcohol use, such as the hypocretin (Hcrt) system. Hypocretins are produced exclusively in the hypothalamus, but Hcrt neurons project widely throughout the brain and reach regions that perform regulatory functions for numerous behavioral and physiological responses-including the infralimbic cortex (IL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Although the entire mPFC undergoes neuroadaptive changes following prolonged alcohol exposure, the IL appears to undergo more robust changes compared with other mPFC substructures. Evidence to date suggests that the IL is likely involved in EtOH-seeking behavior, but ambiguities with respect to the specific role of the IL in this regard make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Furthermore, the manner in which CRF interacts with Hcrt in this region as it pertains to alcohol-seeking behavior is largely unknown, although immunohistochemical and electrophysiological experiments have shown that CRF and Hcrt directly interact in the mPFC, suggesting that the interaction between CRF and Hcrt in the IL may be critically important for the development and subsequent maintenance of compulsive alcohol seeking. This review aims to consolidate recent literature regarding the role of the IL in alcohol-seeking behavior and to discuss evidence that supports a functional interaction between Hcrt and CRF in the IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung S Kim
- From the, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
| | - Rémi Martin-Fardon
- From the, Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California
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Wai JM, Grassetti A, Slifstein M, Matuskey D, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Labaree D, Huang Y, Martinez D. Binge alcohol use is not associated with alterations in striatal dopamine receptor binding or dopamine release. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107627. [PMID: 31669800 PMCID: PMC6893096 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous imaging studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) have shown that alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a decrease in dopamine type 2/3 receptor (D2/3) binding and dopamine transmission. Although binge drinking is a risk factor for future AUD, little is known about the neurobiology of binge drinking in young adults. This study measured D2/3 receptor binding and stimulant-induced dopamine release using PET and [11C]raclopride in binge drinkers without an AUD. METHODS This study included 14 healthy controls (HC) and 14 young adult binge drinkers (BD), aged 18-25. The BD met National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) criteria for binge drinking and the HC subjects were social drinkers. The subjects were scanned with [11C]raclopride before and after the administration of oral methylphenidate (60 mg) to measure D2/3 binding and dopamine release. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the PET measures of D2/3 binding or methylphenidate-induced dopamine release between the two groups. There was no significant association between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores or 30-day drinking history and the imaging data. CONCLUSION In this sample of 18-25-year-old binge drinkers without a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, there were no significant differences in D2/3 receptor binding potential or methylphenidate-induced dopamine release relative to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Wai
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA,Corresponding author. (J.M. Wai)
| | - Alexander Grassetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Labaree
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 66, New York, NY 10038, USA
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31
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de Laat B, Goldberg A, Shi J, Tetrault JM, Nabulsi N, Zheng MQ, Najafzadeh S, Gao H, Kapinos M, Ropchan J, O'Malley SS, Huang Y, Morris ED, Krishnan-Sarin S. The Kappa Opioid Receptor Is Associated With Naltrexone-Induced Reduction of Drinking and Craving. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:864-871. [PMID: 31399255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naltrexone is a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist used as a treatment for alcohol use disorder. However, only modest clinical effects have been observed, possibly because of limited knowledge about the biological variables affecting the efficacy of naltrexone. We investigated the potential role of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) in the therapeutic effect of naltrexone. METHODS A total of 48 non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (16 women) who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence participated in two alcohol drinking paradigms (ADPs) separated by a week of open-label naltrexone (100 mg daily). Craving, assessed with the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire and the Yale Craving Scale, and drinking behavior were recorded in each ADP. Prior to naltrexone initiation, KOR availability was determined in the amygdala, hippocampus, pallidum, striatum, cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex using positron emission tomography with [11C]LY2795050. RESULTS Participants reported lower levels of craving (Yale Craving Scale: -11 ± 1, p < .0001; Alcohol Urge Questionnaire: -6 ± 0.6, p < .0001) and consumed fewer drinks (-3.7 ± 4, p < .0001) during the second ADP following naltrexone therapy. The observed reduction in drinking was negatively associated with baseline KOR availability in the striatum (p = .005), pallidum (p = .023), and cingulate cortex (p = .018). Voxelwise analysis identified clusters in the bilateral insula, prefrontal, and cingulate cortex associated with the reduction in drinking (p < .0001). In addition, KOR availability in all evaluated brain regions was associated with craving measured in both ADPs. CONCLUSIONS The KOR is implicated in drinking and craving following naltrexone therapy in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Laat
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Alissa Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julia Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael Kapinos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Alexandre MCM, Colonetti T, Bavaresco DV, Simon CS, Dondossola ER, Uggioni MLR, Ferraz SD, Rico EP, da Rosa MI. Evaluation of the dopaminergic system with positron-emission tomography in alcohol abuse: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112542. [PMID: 31521841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Performed a systematic review to evaluated the dopaminergic system in alcohol abuse in a systematic review in humans. METHOD A search of the electronic databases was proceeded, on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Insight and Gray literature (Google Scholar and the British Library) for studies published until August 2018. A search strategy was developed using the terms: "dopamine" and "ethanol" or ""alcohol"," and "positron-emission tomography" as text words and Medical Subject Headings (i.e., MeSH and EMTREE) and searched. RESULTS We found 293 studies. After reading titles and abstracts 235 were considered irrelevant, as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. For the reading of the full text, 50 studies were analyzed. Of these 41 were excluded with reasons by study design, patient population, intervention and outcomes. Nine studies were included in our qualitative synthesis. Four studies have resulted in a reduction in availability only at the D2 receptor in different brain regions. Concerning the D3 receptor alone only one study reported this finding and four studies reported a decrease in both receptors. CONCLUSION Changes in D2 receptors in several brain regions in human alcoholics were found in a systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Manenti Alexandre
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamy Colonetti
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela V Bavaresco
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Sasso Simon
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Rodrigues Uggioni
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Sarah Dagostin Ferraz
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Hansson AC, Gründer G, Hirth N, Noori HR, Spanagel R, Sommer WH. Dopamine and opioid systems adaptation in alcoholism revisited: Convergent evidence from positron emission tomography and postmortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 106:141-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Addiction as Learned Behavior Patterns. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081086. [PMID: 31344831 PMCID: PMC6723628 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) have to cope with drug-related cues and contexts which can affect instrumental drug seeking, as shown with Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) tasks among humans and animals. Our review addresses two potential mechanisms that may contribute to habitual or even compulsive drug seeking and taking. One mechanism is represented by Pavlovian and PIT effects on drug intake. The other is a shift from goal-directed to habitual drug intake, which can be accessed via model-based versus model-free decision-making in respective learning tasks. We discuss the impact of these learning mechanisms on drug consumption. First, we describe how Pavlovian and instrumental learning mechanisms interact in drug addiction. Secondly, we address the effects of acute and chronic stress exposure on behavioral and neural PIT effects in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Thirdly, we discuss how these learning mechanisms and their respective neurobiological correlates can contribute to losing versus regaining control over drug intake. Utilizing mobile technology (mobile applications on smartphones including games that measure learning mechanisms, activity bracelets), computational models, and real-world data may help to better identify patients with a high relapse risk and to offer targeted behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions for vulnerable patients.
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35
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Weil ZM, Karelina K, Corrigan JD. Does pediatric traumatic brain injury cause adult alcohol misuse: Combining preclinical and epidemiological approaches. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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36
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Clark L, Boileau I, Zack M. Neuroimaging of reward mechanisms in Gambling disorder: an integrative review. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:674-693. [PMID: 30214041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gambling disorder (GD) was reclassified as a behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 and shares clinical and behavioral features with substance use disorders (SUDs). Neuroimaging studies of GD hold promise in isolating core features of the addiction syndrome, avoiding confounding effects of drug neurotoxicity. At the same time, a neurobiologically-grounded theory of how behaviors like gambling can become addictive remains lacking, posing a significant hurdle for ongoing decisions in addiction nosology. This article integrates research on reward-related brain activity (functional MRI) and neurotransmitter function (PET) in GD, alongside the consideration of structural MRI data as to whether these signals more likely reflect pre-existing vulnerability or neuroadaptive change. Where possible, we point to qualitative similarities and differences with established markers for SUDs. Structural MRI studies indicate modest changes in regional gray matter volume and diffuse reductions in white matter integrity in GD, contrasting with clear structural deterioration in SUDs. Functional MRI studies consistently identify dysregulation in reward-related circuitry (primarily ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex), but evidence is mixed as to the direction of these effects. The need for further parsing of reward sub-processes is emphasized, including anticipation vs outcome, gains vs. losses, and disorder-relevant cues vs natural rewards. Neurotransmitter PET studies indicate amplified dopamine (DA) release in GD, in the context of minimal differences in baseline DA D2 receptor binding, highlighting a distinct profile from SUDs. Preliminary work has investigated further contributions of opioids, GABA and serotonin. Neuroimaging data increasingly highlight divergent profiles in GD vs. SUDs. The ability of gambling to perpetually activate DA (via maximal uncertainty) may contribute to neuroimaging similarities between GD and SUDs, whereas the supra-physiological DA effects of drugs may partly explain differences in the neuroimaging profile of the two syndromes. Coupled with consistent observations of correlations with gambling severity and related clinical variables within GD samples, the overall pattern of effects is interpreted as a likely combination of shared vulnerability markers across GD and SUDs, but with further experience-dependent neuroadaptive processes in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Clark
- Centre for Gambling Research, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vivian M. Rakoff PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Addictions Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Zack
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Clinical Neuroscience Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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37
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Schad DJ, Garbusow M, Friedel E, Sommer C, Sebold M, Hägele C, Bernhardt N, Nebe S, Kuitunen-Paul S, Liu S, Eichmann U, Beck A, Wittchen HU, Walter H, Sterzer P, Zimmermann US, Smolka MN, Schlagenhauf F, Huys QJM, Heinz A, Rapp MA. Neural correlates of instrumental responding in the context of alcohol-related cues index disorder severity and relapse risk. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:295-308. [PMID: 29313106 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0860-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli on ongoing behavior may contribute to explaining how alcohol cues stimulate drug seeking and intake. Using a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task, we investigated the effects of alcohol-related cues on approach behavior (i.e., instrumental response behavior) and its neural correlates, and related both to the relapse after detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 24 healthy controls underwent instrumental training, where approach or non-approach towards initially neutral stimuli was reinforced by monetary incentives. Approach behavior was tested during extinction with either alcohol-related or neutral stimuli (as Pavlovian cues) presented in the background during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Patients were subsequently followed up for 6 months. We observed that alcohol-related background stimuli inhibited the approach behavior in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients (t = - 3.86, p < .001), but not in healthy controls (t = - 0.92, p = .36). This behavioral inhibition was associated with neural activation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (t(30) = 2.06, p < .05). Interestingly, both the effects were only present in subsequent abstainers, but not relapsers and in those with mild but not severe dependence. Our data show that alcohol-related cues can acquire inhibitory behavioral features typical of aversive stimuli despite being accompanied by a stronger NAcc activation, suggesting salience attribution. The fact that these findings are restricted to abstinence and milder illness suggests that they may be potential resilience factors.Clinical trial: LeAD study, http://www.lead-studie.de , NCT01679145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Social and Preventive Medicine, Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Area of Excellence Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maria Garbusow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Friedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Miriam Sebold
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Hägele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Nebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Eichmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vivantes Wenckebach-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Wittchen
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schlagenhauf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Fellow Group 'Cognitive and Affective Control of Behavioral Adaptation', Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Quentin J M Huys
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Department of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Social and Preventive Medicine, Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Area of Excellence Cognitive Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
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Kamp F, Proebstl L, Penzel N, Adorjan K, Ilankovic A, Pogarell O, Koller G, Soyka M, Falkai P, Koutsouleris N, Kambeitz J. Effects of sedative drug use on the dopamine system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:660-667. [PMID: 30188512 PMCID: PMC6372711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Use of alcohol, cannabis and opioids is highly prevalent and is associated with global disease burden and high economic costs. The exact pathophysiology of abuse or addiction associated with these sedative substances is not completely understood, but previous research implicates the important role of the striatal dopamine system in the addiction process. Multiple studies investigated changes in the striatal dopamine systems of users of sedative substances, but currently these results are very heterogeneous. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of in vivo neuroimaging studies investigating dopaminergic alterations in the striatum of users of alcohol, opioids or cannabis. Analyses for each substance were conducted separately for the availability of D2/D3 dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters and dopamine synthesis capacity. In total, 723 substance users and 752 healthy controls were included. The results indicated a significant lower striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in alcohol users compared to controls (g = 0.46) but no difference in dopamine transporter availability or dopamine synthesis capacity. Our analysis indicated that changes of dopamine receptors and transporters are moderated by the duration of abstinence. Comparing opioid users with controls revealed a significant lower D2/D3 receptor availability (g = 1.17) and a significantly lower transporter availability (g = 1.55) in opioid users. For cannabis users, there was no significant difference in receptor availability compared to controls and too few studies provided information on dopamine transporter availability or synthesis capacity. Our analysis provides strong evidence for a central role of the striatal dopamine system in use of alcohol or opioids. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of the dopamine system in cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Kamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Lisa Proebstl
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Adorjan
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrej Ilankovic
- 0000 0001 2166 9385grid.7149.bClinic of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabi Koller
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sebold M, Spitta G, Gleich T, Dembler-Stamm T, Butler O, Zacharias K, Aydin S, Garbusow M, Rapp M, Schubert F, Buchert R, Gallinat J, Heinz A. Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1127-1134. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zorick T, Okita K, Mandelkern MA, London ED, Brody AL. Effects of Citalopram on Cue-Induced Alcohol Craving and Thalamic D2/3 Dopamine Receptor Availability. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:286-291. [PMID: 30753467 PMCID: PMC6441125 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are often used in alcohol use disorders. Clinical trials with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for alcohol use disorders, however, have yielded mixed results. The goal of this project was to assess whether a single i.v. dose of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor reduces craving for alcohol and/or simultaneously increases striatal dopamine concentration in individuals with alcohol dependence. METHODS Alcohol-dependent (DSM-IV-TR criteria) volunteers and matched controls (n = 10/group) underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects study. Participants received i.v. citalopram (40 mg) or saline (counter-balanced) followed by a cue-induced craving assessment and [18F]-fallypride positron emission tomography scanning. RESULTS In the alcohol-dependent individuals, the citalopram (compared with saline) resulted in decreased cue-induced craving for alcohol. For the whole study group, cue-induced alcohol craving was inversely correlated with thalamic (but not striatal) dopamine D2/3 receptor availability. CONCLUSIONS Acute serotonin reuptake inhibition reduces cue-induced alcohol craving. Furthermore, thalamic dopamine abnormalities and the striatal hyperdopaminergic hypothesis of alcohol use disorder are supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Zorick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence: Todd Zorick, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 W. Carson Blvd, Torrance, CA 90509 ()
| | - Kyoji Okita
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Mandelkern
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Edythe D London
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arthur L Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California,UCSD/VA San Diego Departments of Psychiatry, San Diego, California
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Gallo EF. Disentangling the diverse roles of dopamine D2 receptors in striatal function and behavior. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:35-46. [PMID: 30716356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) mediate many of the actions of dopamine in the striatum, ranging from movement to the effortful pursuit of reward. Yet despite significant advances in linking D2Rs to striatal functions with pharmacological and genetic strategies in animals, how dopamine orchestrates its myriad actions on different cell populations -each expressing D2Rs- remains unclear. Furthermore, brain imaging and genetic studies in humans have consistently associated striatal D2R alterations with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, but how and which D2Rs are involved in each case is poorly understood. Therefore, a critical first step is to engage in a refined and systematic investigation of the impact of D2R function on specific striatal cells, circuits, and behaviors. Here, I will review recent efforts, primarily in animal models, aimed at unlocking the complex and heterogeneous roles of D2Rs in striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo F Gallo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA.
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42
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Khemiri L, Brynte C, Stunkel A, Klingberg T, Jayaram-Lindström N. Working Memory Training in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 43:135-146. [PMID: 30462837 PMCID: PMC6587824 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cognitive deficits such as impaired executive functions, which are hypothesized to contribute to the progression of the disease and worsen treatment outcome. Training of working memory (WM) to improve cognitive functions and thereby reduce alcohol use has been proposed as a novel treatment strategy. Methods Patients with AUD (n = 50) who were recruited to an outpatient addiction clinic were randomized to receive 5 weeks of active WM training or control training. Participants had weekly follow‐up visits, and all cognitive training sessions were done online at home. Primary outcomes were WM function and change in self‐reported heavy drinking. Secondary outcomes were craving, other drinking outcomes, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Results The active training group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in verbal WM compared with the control group. No statistically significant effect of training was found on the primary drinking outcome, but a trend was observed indicating that WM training reduces the number of drinks per drinking occasion. WM training had no statistically significant effect on any of the other neuropsychological tasks. Conclusions Cognitive training can improve WM function in individuals with AUD, suggesting that such interventions are feasible to administer in this patient population. The results do not support an effect of WM training on heavy drinking or transfer effects to other cognitive domains. Future studies should evaluate WM training as an adjunct to evidence‐based treatments for AUD to assess potential synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Khemiri
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Brynte
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Stunkel
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel Klingberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Charlet K, Rosenthal A, Lohoff FW, Heinz A, Beck A. Imaging resilience and recovery in alcohol dependence. Addiction 2018; 113:1933-1950. [PMID: 29744956 PMCID: PMC6128779 DOI: 10.1111/add.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resilience and recovery are of increasing importance in the field of alcohol dependence (AD). This paper describes how imaging studies in man can be used to assess the neurobiological correlates of resilience and, if longitudinal, of disease trajectories, progression rates and markers for recovery to inform treatment and prevention options. METHODS Original papers on recovery and resilience in alcohol addiction and its neurobiological correlates were identified from PubMed and have been analyzed and condensed within a systematic literature review. RESULTS Findings deriving from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have identified links between increased resilience and less task-elicited neural activation within the basal ganglia, and benefits of heightened neural pre-frontal cortex (PFC) engagement regarding resilience in a broader sense; namely, resilience against relapse in early abstinence of AD. Furthermore, findings consistently propose at least partial recovery of brain glucose metabolism and executive and general cognitive functioning, as well as structural plasticity effects throughout the brain of alcohol-dependent patients during the course of short-, medium- and long-term abstinence, even when patients only lowered their alcohol consumption to a moderate level. Additionally, specific factors were found that appear to influence these observed brain recovery processes in AD, e.g. genotype-dependent neuronal (re)growth, gender-specific neural recovery effects, critical interfering effects of psychiatric comorbidities, additional smoking or marijuana influences or adolescent alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS Neuroimaging research has uncovered neurobiological markers that appear to be linked to resilience and improved recovery capacities that are furthermore influenced by various factors such as gender or genetics. Consequently, future system-oriented approaches may help to establish a broad neuroscience-based research framework for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Charlet
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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A potential link between gambling addiction severity and central dopamine levels: Evidence from spontaneous eye blink rates. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13371. [PMID: 30190487 PMCID: PMC6127194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points at similarities between substance use disorders (SUD) and gambling disorder on the behavioral and neural level. In SUD, attenuation of striatal D2/3-receptor availability is a consistent finding, at least for stimulating substances. For gambling disorder, no clear association with striatal D2/3-receptor availability has been unveiled so far. With its presumably negligible dopaminergic toxicity, possible differences in receptor availability in gambling disorder might constitute a vulnerability marker. Spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) is discussed as a potential proxy measure for striatal dopamine D2/3-receptor availability. Here we examined sEBR in 21 male problem gamblers and 20 healthy control participants. In addition, participants completed a screening questionnaire for overall psychopathology and self-reported measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption. We found no significant difference in sEBR between gamblers and controls. However, in gamblers, sEBR was negatively associated with gambling severity and positively associated with psychopathology. A final exploratory analysis revealed that healthy controls with low sEBR displayed higher alcohol and nicotine consumption than healthy participants with high sEBR. Although the exact association between dopamine transmission and sEBR is still debated, our findings reveal that sEBR is sensitive to inter-individual differences in gambling disorder severity in problem gamblers.
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Matzeu A, Martin-Fardon R. Drug Seeking and Relapse: New Evidence of a Role for Orexin and Dynorphin Co-transmission in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus. Front Neurol 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 30210441 PMCID: PMC6121102 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-lasting vulnerability to relapse remains the main challenge for the successful treatment of drug addiction. Neural systems that are involved in processing natural rewards and drugs of abuse overlap. However, neuroplasticity that is caused by drug exposure may be responsible for maladaptive, compulsive, and addictive behavior. The orexin (Orx) system participates in regulating numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, arousal, and feeding, and is recruited by drugs of abuse. The Orx system is differentially recruited by drugs and natural rewards. Specifically, we found that the Orx system is more engaged by drugs than by non-drugs, such as sweetened condensed milk (SCM) or a glucose saccharin solution (GSS), in an operant model of reward seeking. Although stimuli (S+) that are conditioned to cocaine (COC), ethanol, and SCM/GSS equally elicited reinstatement, Orx receptor blockade reversed conditioned reinstatement for drugs vs. non-drugs. Moreover, the hypothalamic recruitment of Orx cells was greater in rats that were tested with the COC S+ vs. SCM S+, indicating of a preferential role for the Orx system in perseverative, compulsive-like COC seeking and not behavior that is motivated by palatable food. Accumulating evidence indicates that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which receives major Orx projections, mediates drug-seeking behavior. All Orx neurons contain dynorphin (Dyn), and Orx and Dyn are co-released. In the VTA, they play opposing roles in reward and motivation. To fully understand the physiological and behavioral roles of Orx transmission in the PVT, one important consideration is that Orx neurons that project to the PVT may co-release Orx with another peptide, such as Dyn. The PVT expresses both Orx receptors and κ opioid receptors, suggesting that Orx and Dyn act in tandem when released in the PVT, in addition to the VTA. The present review discusses recent findings that suggest the maladaptive recruitment of Orx/Dyn-PVT neurotransmission by drugs of abuse vs. a highly palatable food reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Matzeu
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Ho AL, Salib AMN, Pendharkar AV, Sussman ES, Giardino WJ, Halpern CH. The nucleus accumbens and alcoholism: a target for deep brain stimulation. Neurosurg Focus 2018; 45:E12. [DOI: 10.3171/2018.5.focus18157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a difficult to treat condition with a significant global public health and cost burden. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been implicated in AUD and identified as an ideal target for deep brain stimulation (DBS). There are promising preclinical animal studies of DBS for alcohol consumption as well as some initial human clinical studies that have shown some promise at reducing alcohol-related cravings and, in some instances, achieving long-term abstinence. In this review, the authors discuss the evidence and concepts supporting the role of the NAc in AUD, summarize the findings from published NAc DBS studies in animal models and humans, and consider the challenges and propose future directions for neuromodulation of the NAc for the treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Mary N. Salib
- Departments of 1Neurosurgery and
- 2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | | | - William J. Giardino
- 2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Casey H. Halpern
- Departments of 1Neurosurgery and
- 2Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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van Holst RJ, Sescousse G, Janssen LK, Janssen M, Berry AS, Jagust WJ, Cools R. Increased Striatal Dopamine Synthesis Capacity in Gambling Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:1036-1043. [PMID: 28728675 PMCID: PMC6698370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesis that dopamine plays an important role in the pathophysiology of pathological gambling is pervasive. However, there is little to no direct evidence for a categorical difference between pathological gamblers and healthy control subjects in terms of dopamine transmission in a drug-free state. Here we provide evidence for this hypothesis by comparing dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal and ventral parts of the striatum in 13 pathological gamblers and 15 healthy control subjects. METHODS This was achieved using [18F]fluoro-levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine dynamic positron emission tomography scans and striatal regions of interest that were hand-drawn based on visual inspection of individual structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. RESULTS Our results show that dopamine synthesis capacity was increased in pathological gamblers compared with healthy control subjects. Dopamine synthesis was 16% higher in the caudate body, 17% higher in the dorsal putamen, and 17% higher in the ventral striatum in pathological gamblers compared with control subjects. Moreover, dopamine synthesis capacity in the dorsal putamen and caudate head was positively correlated with gambling distortions in pathological gamblers. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide empirical evidence for increased striatal dopamine synthesis in pathological gambling.
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Belém-Filho IJA, Ribera PC, Nascimento AL, Gomes ARQ, Lima RR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Monteiro MC, Fontes-Júnior EA, Lima MO, Maia CSF. Low doses of methylmercury intoxication solely or associated to ethanol binge drinking induce psychiatric-like disorders in adolescent female rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:184-194. [PMID: 29734102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental contaminant that provokes damage to developing brain. Simultaneously, the consumption of ethanol among adolescents has increased. Evidence concerning the effects of MeHg low doses per se or associated with ethanol during adolescence are scarce. Thus, we investigate behavioral disorders resulted from exposure to MeHg low doses and co-intoxicated with ethanol in adolescent rats. Wistar rats received chronic exposure to low doses of MeHg (40 μg/kg/day for 5 weeks) and/or ethanol binge drinking (3 g/kg/day at 3 days per week for 5 weeks). Animals were submitted to behavioral assays to assess emotionality and cognitive function. Total mercury content was evaluated in the brain and hair. Oxidative parameters were analyzed in blood samples. MeHg at low doses or associated to ethanol binge drinking produced psychiatric-like disorders and cognitive impairment. Peripherally, MeHg altered oxidative parameters when associated to ethanol. Ethanol administration reduced brain mercury deposit. We proposed that ethanol reduces the necessity of mercury tissue levels to display psychiatric-like disorders/cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Cardoso Ribera
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Aline Lima Nascimento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Funcional e Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Ensaios In Vitro, Imunologia e Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Oliveira Lima
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Seção de Meio Ambiente, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Dopamine Synthesis Capacity is Associated with D2/3 Receptor Binding but Not Dopamine Release. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1201-1211. [PMID: 28816243 PMCID: PMC5916345 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging allows the estimation of multiple aspects of dopamine function including dopamine synthesis capacity, dopamine release, and D2/3 receptor binding. Though dopaminergic dysregulation characterizes a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and addiction, there has been relatively little investigation into the nature of relationships across dopamine markers within healthy individuals. Here we used PET imaging in 40 healthy adults to compare, within individuals, the estimates of dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki) using 6-[18F]fluoro-l-m-tyrosine ([18F]FMT; a substrate for aromatic amino acid decarboxylase), baseline D2/3 receptor-binding potential using [11C]raclopride (a weak competitive D2/3 receptor antagonist), and dopamine release using [11C]raclopride paired with oral methylphenidate administration. Methylphenidate increases synaptic dopamine by blocking the dopamine transporter. We estimated dopamine release by contrasting baseline D2/3 receptor binding and D2/3 receptor binding following methylphenidate. Analysis of relationships among the three measurements within striatal regions of interest revealed a positive correlation between [18F]FMT Ki and the baseline (placebo) [11C]raclopride measure, such that participants with greater synthesis capacity showed higher D2/3 receptor-binding potential. In contrast, there was no relationship between [18F]FMT and methylphenidate-induced [11C]raclopride displacement. These findings shed light on the nature of regulation between pre- and postsynaptic dopamine function in healthy adults, which may serve as a template from which to identify and describe alteration with disease.
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Ruiz P, Calliari A, Genovese P, Scorza C, Pautassi RM. Amphetamine, but not methylphenidate, increases ethanol intake in adolescent male, but not in female, rats. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00939. [PMID: 29670821 PMCID: PMC5893334 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increasing interest in analyzing the interactions between stimulants and ethanol during childhood and adolescence. Stimulants are used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in these developmental stages, during which ethanol initiation and escalation often occur. METHODS This study assessed the effects of repeated d-amphetamine (AMPH) or methylphenidate (MPH) treatment during adolescence [male and female Wistar rats, between postnatal day (PD) 28 to PD34, approximately] on the initiation of ethanol intake during a later section of adolescence (PD35 to PD40). RESULTS Amphetamine and MPH exerted reliable acute motor stimulant effects, but there was no indication of sensitized motor or anxiety responses. MPH did not affect dopamine (DA) levels, whereas AMPH significantly reduced insular levels of DA in both sexes and norepinephrine levels in females only. Repeated treatment with AMPH, but not with MPH, enhanced ethanol intake during late adolescence in male, but not in female, rats. CONCLUSION A short treatment with AMPH during adolescence significantly altered DA levels in the insula, both in male and females, and significantly enhanced ethanol intake in males. The present results suggest that, in adolescent males, a very brief history of AMPH exposure can facilitate the initiation of ethanol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) Córdoba Argentina.,Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Aldo Calliari
- Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Patricia Genovese
- Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de la República Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Scorza
- Departmento de Neurofarmacología Experimental Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) Córdoba Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
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