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Hong J, Choi E, Kim D, Seo MK, Kang H, Park B, Kim S. Immunological subtyping of salivary gland cancer identifies histological origin-specific tumor immune microenvironment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:15. [PMID: 38245623 PMCID: PMC10799913 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analysis enhances proper cancer subtyping, a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of cancer, and strategies for precision medicine. However, salivary gland cancer (SGC) subtyping remains largely unexplored because of its rarity and diverse histopathological and immunological characteristics. This study aimed to determine whether the histological origin and immunological characteristics of SGC subtypes are intrinsic tumor immunity factors. We performed immune profiling of 94 RNA-seq of SGC tissues and found that the SGCs that originated from the excretory duct (ED), such as the salivary duct and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, exhibit higher immunity than those from the intercalated duct (ID), such as the adenoid cystic and myoepithelial carcinomas, based on the computationally predicted immune score (p < 0.001), immune cell enrichment in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) (p < 0.001), T-cell receptor diversity (p < 0.001), and expression of signal I (major histocompatibility complex, MHC, p < 0.001) and signal II (co-stimulatory, p < 0.001 and co-inhibitory, p < 0.001) genes. Further analysis revealed that tolerogenic dendritic cell-induced dysfunctional T-cell populations and T-cell exclusion in the TIME are the major immune evasive mechanisms of the ED-and ID-derived SGCs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwoo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Seo
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundeok Kang
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - BeumJin Park
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tiyaboonchai A, Wakefield L, Vonada A, May CL, Dorrell C, Enicks D, Sairavi A, Kaestner KH, Grompe M. In vivo tracing of the Cytokeratin 14 lineages using self-cleaving guide RNAs and CRISPR/Cas9. Dev Biol 2023; 504:120-127. [PMID: 37813160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The current gold-standard for genetic lineage tracing in transgenic mice is based on cell-type specific expression of Cre recombinase. As an alternative, we developed a cell-type specific CRISPR/spCas9 system for lineage tracing. This method relies on RNA polymerase II promoter driven self-cleaving guide RNAs (scgRNA) to achieve tissue-specificity. To demonstrate proof-of-principle for this approach a transgenic mouse was generated harbouring a knock-in of a scgRNA into the Cytokeratin 14 (Krt14) locus. Krt14 expression marks the stem cells of squamous epithelium in the skin and oral mucosa. The scgRNA targets a Stop cassette preceding a fluorescent reporter in the Ai9-tdtomato mouse. Ai9-tdtomato reporter mice harbouring this allele along with a spCas9 transgene demonstrated precise marking of the Krt14 lineage. We conclude that RNA polymerase II promoter driven scgRNAs enable the use of CRISPR/spCas9 for genetic lineage tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anne Vonada
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David Enicks
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Sairavi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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3
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Yeom J, Griffin L, Reich RF, Freedman PD. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma showing continuity with the surface mucosa of the oral cavity: a report of 14 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023; 136:606-611. [PMID: 37735003 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the histology and the clinicodemographic features of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), showing continuity with the oral surface mucosa. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed 138 cases of intraoral MEC to identify cases that showed continuity with the surface mucosa and compared their clinicodemographic findings with those of MECs not showing continuity. We compared the sex ratio using the 2-sample Z-test and compared the age distribution using the 2-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. RESULTS Of the 138 cases examined, 14 showed continuity with the surface mucosa. Their histology showed surface mucosa with an apparent transition to an infiltrating tumor with mucous, intermediate, and epidermoid tumor cells growing in solid and cystic patterns. Their clinical appearance ranged from firm submucosal nodules to erythematous to ulcerated lesions. They showed a strong female predilection (6:1) and sharply bimodal age distribution, with sharp peaks in the fourth and seventh decades. CONCLUSIONS Mucoepidermoid carcinomas that show continuity have a demographic pattern distinct from that of conventional MECs, showing a striking female predilection and bimodal age distribution and suggesting a difference in etiology. Pathologists should remain aware that MEC in the oral cavity can have a histologic appearance of surface origin to reach the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonsung Yeom
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA.
| | - Leigh Griffin
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Renee F Reich
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Freedman
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, New York-Presbyterian Queens Hospital, Flushing, NY, USA
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4
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2 is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6485. [PMID: 37838739 PMCID: PMC10576811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42243-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocrine acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we use scRNAseq and conditional deletion of murine FGFRs in vivo to identify essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial, early SG development and progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we also discover that FGFR2 via MAPK signaling is critical for seromucous acinar differentiation and secretory gene expression, while FGFR1 is dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activates the FGFR2-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. Here, we propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiation, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2 signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos U Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua T Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Phan TV, Oo Y, Ahmed K, Rodboon T, Rosa V, Yodmuang S, Ferreira JN. Salivary gland regeneration: from salivary gland stem cells to three-dimensional bioprinting. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:199-209. [PMID: 37019217 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyposalivation and severe dry mouth syndrome are the most common complications in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) after receiving radiation therapy. Conventional treatment for hyposalivation relies on the use of sialogogues such as pilocarpine; however, their efficacy is constrained by the limited number of remnant acinar cells after radiation. After radiotherapy, the salivary gland (SG) secretory parenchyma is largely destroyed, and due to the reduced stem cell niche, this gland has poor regenerative potential. To tackle this, researchers must be able to generate highly complex cellularized 3D constructs for clinical transplantation via technologies, including those that involve bioprinting of cells and biomaterials. A potential stem cell source with promising clinical outcomes to reserve dry mouth is adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSC). MSC-like cells like human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) have been tested in novel magnetic bioprinting platforms using nanoparticles that can bind cell membranes by electrostatic interaction, as well as their paracrine signals arising from extracellular vesicles. Both magnetized cells and their secretome cues were found to increase epithelial and neuronal growth of in vitro and ex vivo irradiated SG models. Interestingly, these magnetic bioprinting platforms can be applied as a high-throughput drug screening system due to the consistency in structure and functions of their organoids. Recently, exogenous decellularized porcine ECM was added to this magnetic platform to stimulate an ideal environment for cell tethering, proliferation, and/or differentiation. The combination of these SG tissue biofabrication strategies will promptly allow for in vitro organoid formation and establishment of cellular senescent organoids for aging models, but challenges remain in terms of epithelial polarization and lumen formation for unidirectional fluid flow. Current magnetic bioprinting nanotechnologies can provide promising functional and aging features to in vitro craniofacial exocrine gland organoids, which can be utilized for novel drug discovery and/or clinical transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan V Phan
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; International Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yamin Oo
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khurshid Ahmed
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Teerapat Rodboon
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Avatar Biotechnologies for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity Research Unit, Department of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Marinkovic M, Tran ON, Wang H, Abdul-Azees P, Dean DD, Chen XD, Yeh CK. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells offer a new paradigm for salivary gland regeneration. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 37165024 PMCID: PMC10172302 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction, due to radiotherapy, disease, or aging, is a clinical manifestation that has the potential to cause severe oral and/or systemic diseases and compromise quality of life. Currently, the standard-of-care for this condition remains palliative. A variety of approaches have been employed to restore saliva production, but they have largely failed due to damage to both secretory cells and the extracellular matrix (niche). Transplantation of allogeneic cells from healthy donors has been suggested as a potential solution, but no definitive population of SG stem cells, capable of regenerating the gland, has been identified. Alternatively, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are abundant, well characterized, and during SG development/homeostasis engage in signaling crosstalk with the SG epithelium. Further, the trans-differentiation potential of these cells and their ability to regenerate SG tissues have been demonstrated. However, recent findings suggest that the "immuno-privileged" status of allogeneic adult MSCs may not reflect their status post-transplantation. In contrast, autologous MSCs can be recovered from healthy tissues and do not present a challenge to the recipient's immune system. With recent advances in our ability to expand MSCs in vitro on tissue-specific matrices, autologous MSCs may offer a new therapeutic paradigm for restoration of SG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Parveez Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Aure MH, Symonds JM, Villapudua CU, Dodge JT, Werner S, Knosp WM, Hoffman MP. FGFR2b is essential for salivary gland duct homeostasis and MAPK-dependent seromucous acinar cell differentiation. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2557484. [PMID: 36824936 PMCID: PMC9949235 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2557484/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine secretory acinar cells in salivary glands (SG) are critical for oral health and loss of functional acinar cells is a major clinical challenge. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) are essential for early development of multiple organs, including SG. However, the role of FGFR signaling in specific epithelial SG populations later in development and during acinar differentiation are unknown. Here, we predicted FGFR dependence in specific populations using scRNAseq data and conditional mouse models to delete FGFRs in vivo. We identifed essential roles for FGFRs in craniofacial and early SG development, as well as progenitor function during duct homeostasis. Importantly, we discovered that FGFR2b was critical for seromucous and serous acinar cell differentiation and secretory gene expression (Bpifa2 and Lpo) via MAPK signaling, while FGFR1b was dispensable. We show that FGF7, expressed by myoepithelial cells (MEC), activated the FGFR2b-dependent seromucous transcriptional program. We propose a model where MEC-derived FGF7 drives seromucous acinar differentiaton, providing a rationale for targeting FGFR2b signaling in regenerative therapies to restore acinar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit H. Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Carlos U. Villapudua
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Joshua T. Dodge
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wendy M. Knosp
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Matthew P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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8
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Song EAC, Che M, Osinski J, Smalley K, Horeth E, Sinha S, Romano RA. ΔNp63 maintains the fidelity of the myoepithelial cell lineage and directs cell differentiation programs in the murine salivary gland. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:515-526. [PMID: 36526896 PMCID: PMC9950458 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands consist of several epithelial cell types of distinct lineages and functional characteristics that are established by directed differentiation programs of resident stem and progenitor cells. We have shown that ΔNp63, a crucial transcriptional regulator of stem/progenitor cells, is enriched in both the basal and myoepithelial cell (MEC) populations and that ΔNp63 positive cells maintain all the descendent epithelial cell lineages of the adult mouse salivary glands (mSGs). Although this pivotal role of ΔNp63 in driving the broader epithelial cell fate and identity in the mSG has been demonstrated, how ΔNp63 functions specifically in the commitment and differentiation of the MEC population is less understood. Using multiple genetic mouse models that allow for cell tracing, we show that ΔNp63 is critical in maintaining and renewing MECs, in part through the transcriptional regulation of Acta2 gene expression, a defining marker of this cell population. We demonstrate that during adult mSG homeostasis, ΔNp63 enriched MECs function as bipotent progenitor cells that maintain not only the MEC population, but also the distinctly different ductal cell lineages. The fidelity of this process is dependent on ΔNp63 expression, since MEC-specific ablation of ΔNp63 results in altered MEC differentiation and affects cellular plasticity resulting in aberrant differentiation of the intercalated ducts and acinar cells. In contrast, we find that the contribution of MECs to ductal and acinar cell regeneration following severe injury is independent of ΔNp63. Our observations offer new insights into cellular mechanisms driving MEC fate choices and differentiation programs in the context of salivary gland homeostasis and in response to injury and regeneration. Long term, these findings have implications for better treatment of salivary gland dysfunction through stem cell-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jason Osinski
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kirsten Smalley
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Serrano Martinez P, Maimets M, Bron R, van Os R, de Haan G, Pringle S, Coppes RP. Role of quiescent cells in the homeostatic maintenance of the adult submandibular salivary gland. iScience 2022; 25:105047. [PMID: 36147959 PMCID: PMC9485076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are required for maintenance of salivary gland (SG) function and serve as untapped reservoirs to create functional cells. Despite recent advancements in the identification of stem/progenitor pools, in the submandibular gland (SMG), a knowledge gap remains. Furthermore, the contribution to adult SMG homeostasis of stem/progenitor cells originating from embryonic development is unclear. Here, we employ an H2B-GFP embryonic and adult pulse-and-chase system to characterize potential SMG stem/progenitor cells (SGSCs) based on quiescence at different stages. Phenotypical profiling of quiescent cells in the SMG revealed that label-retaining cells (LRCs) of embryonic or adult origin co-localized with CK8+ ductal or vimentin + mesenchymal, but not with CK5+ or CK14 + stem/progenitor cells. These SMG LRCs failed to self-renew in vitro while non-label retaining cells displayed differentiation and long-term expansion potential as organoids. Collectively, our data suggest that an active cycling population of cells is responsible for SMG homeostasis with organoid forming potential. Embryonic quiescent cells do not retain stemness in the adult submandibular gland (SMG) Postnatal quiescent cells do not exhibit stem/progenitor cell potency in the adult SMG Quiescent cells do not contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of the murine SMG Adult murine SMG stem/progenitor cells are likely to be an actively cycling population
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martti Maimets
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Bron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Os
- Department of Biology of Aging, Section Stem Cell Biology, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- Department of Biology of Aging, Section Stem Cell Biology, European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah Pringle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang X, Geng J, Chen Y, Sun Y. IFT140 +/K14 + cells function as stem/progenitor cells in salivary glands. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:49. [PMID: 36216809 PMCID: PMC9550827 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are important for salivary gland development, homeostasis maintenance, and regeneration following injury. Keratin-14+ (K14+) cells have been recognized as bona fide salivary gland stem/progenitor cells. However, K14 is also expressed in terminally differentiated myoepithelial cells; therefore, more accurate molecular markers for identifying salivary stem/progenitor cells are required. The intraflagellar transport (IFT) protein IFT140 is a core component of the IFT system that functions in signaling transduction through the primary cilia. It is reportedly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells and plays a role in bone formation. In this study, we demonstrated that IFT140 was intensively expressed in K14+ stem/progenitor cells during the developmental period and early regeneration stage following ligation-induced injuries in murine submandibular glands. In addition, we demonstrated that IFT140+/ K14+ could self-renew and differentiate into granular duct cells at the developmental stage in vivo. The conditional deletion of Ift140 from K14+ cells caused abnormal epithelial structure and function during salivary gland development and inhibited regeneration. IFT140 partly coordinated the function of K14+ stem/progenitor cells by modulating ciliary membrane trafficking. Our investigation identified a combined marker, IFT140+/K14+, for salivary gland stem/progenitor cells and elucidated the essential role of IFT140 and cilia in regulating salivary stem/progenitor cell differentiation and gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangyu Geng
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubei Chen
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, No. 399, YanChang Middle Road, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Kim H, Lee SB, Myung JK, Park JH, Park E, Il Kim D, Lee C, Kim Y, Park CM, Kim MB, Lim GC, Jang B. SLUG is a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pleomorphic adenoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:631-640. [PMID: 35145202 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The histogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the salivary glands remains controversial. PAs are characterized by the transition of epithelial cells to spindled mesenchymal cells, known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present study aimed to identify a major EMT-inducing transcription factor (EMT-TF) in PAs. Real-time PCR analysis of SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, and TWIST1 demonstrated that only SLUG was significantly upregulated in normal salivary glands and PAs. Combined in situ hybridization for SLUG and multiplex immunohistochemistry for CK19 and P63 revealed that SLUG was specifically expressed in the myoepithelial cells of normal salivary glands. In PAs, SLUG was expressed in neoplastic myoepithelial cells and stromal cells but not in the luminal cells lining the inner layers of tumor glands. SLUG expression showed no correlation with PLAG1 expression, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that PLAG1 suppression in primary cultured PA cells or PLAG1 overexpression in HEK 293 T cells did not affect SLUG levels, indicating that PLAG1 was not involved in the upregulation of SLUG in PAs. The suppression of SLUG expression in cultured PA cells resulted in a morphology change to a less elongated shape and attenuated tumor growth. In addition, SLUG downregulation led to increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin and vimentin expression levels along with decreased migratory activity in cultured PA cells. These findings suggest that SLUG is a major TF that can induce EMT in PAs. In summary, SLUG is specifically and highly expressed in the myoepithelial cells and stromal cells of PAs and is a key regulator of EMT in PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Park
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Dong Il Kim
- Department of Pathology, Green Cross Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Min Bum Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Gil Chai Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea.
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12
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Hong HJ, Cho JM, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Lee S, Lee H, Ahn S, Koh WG, Lim JY. Thermoresponsive fiber-based microwells capable of formation and retrieval of salivary gland stem cell spheroids for the regeneration of irradiation-damaged salivary glands. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085645. [PMID: 35422983 PMCID: PMC9003645 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional spheroid culture enhances cell-to-cell interactions among stem cells and promotes the expression of stem cell properties; however, subsequent retrieval and delivery of these cells remain a challenge. We fabricated a thermoresponsive fiber-based microwell scaffold by combining electrospinning and hydrogel micropatterning. The resultant scaffold appeared to facilitate the formation of cellular spheroids of uniform size and enabled the expression of more stem cell-secreting growth factor genes ( EGF, IGF-1, FGF1, FGF2, and HGF), pluripotent stem cell-related genes ( SOX2 and NANOG), and adult epithelial stem cell-related genes ( LGR4, LGR5, and LGR6) than salivary gland stem cells in a monolayer culture (SGSCmonolayer). The spheroids could be retrieved efficiently by decreasing temperature. SGSC-derived spheroid (SGSCspheroid) cells were then implanted into the submandibular glands of mice at 2 weeks after fractionated X-ray irradiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy/day. At 16 weeks post-irradiation, restoration of salivary function was detected only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. The production of submandibular acini specific mucin increased in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice, compared with PBS control. More MIST1+ mature acinar cells were preserved in the SGSCspheroid-implanted group than in the PBS control group. Intriguingly, SGSCspheroid-implanted mice exhibited greater amelioration of tissue damage and preservation of KRT7+ terminally differentiated luminal ductal cells than SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice. The SGSCspheroid-implanted mice also showed less DNA damage and apoptotic cell death than the SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice at 2 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, a significant increase in Ki67+AQP5+ proliferative acinar cells was noted only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. Our results suggest that a thermoresponsive fiber-based scaffold could be of use to facilitate the production of function-enhanced SGSCspheroid cells and their subsequent retrieval and delivery to damaged salivary glands to alleviate radiation-induced apoptotic cell death and promote salivary gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DoJin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Abstract
Salivary glands produce and secrete saliva, which is essential for maintaining oral health and overall health. Understanding both the unique structure and physiological function of salivary glands, as well as how they are affected by disease and injury will direct the development of therapy to repair and regenerate them. Significant recent advances, particularly in the OMICS field, increase our understanding of how salivary glands develop at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels; the signaling pathways involved, the dynamics of progenitor cell lineages in development, homeostasis and regeneration and the role of the extracellular matrix microenvironment. These provide a template for cell and gene therapies as well as bioengineering approaches to repair or regenerate salivary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vaishali N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Philip Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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15
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Kim J, Eom MR, Ji Jeong E, Choi JS, Kwon SK. Multiple stimulation with spheroids comprising salivary gland and adipose-derived stem cells enhances regeneration of radiation-damaged salivary glands. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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do Valle IB, Gomes NA, Diniz IMA, de Arruda JAA, Almeida TFA, Santos MS, Birbrair A, von Zeidler SV, Silva TA. Nestin and Neuron-glial antigen 2 transgenes unveil progenitor units in murine salivary glands. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105344. [PMID: 34990927 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Undifferentiated cells play pivotal roles in sustaining tissue homeostasis during physiological turnovers and after tissue impairment. Nestin and Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) are markers frequently deployed to distinguish progenitor populations. In the salivary gland scenario, these markers remain largely unknown. Particularly for a double-labeled group of progenitor cells (NG2+Nestin+), their phenotype and distribution have never been explored in freshly isolated tissues. Herein, we analyzed a subset of plastic cells that express Nestin and NG2 near the ducts and in the periacinar region of the major salivary glands of murine samples. DESIGN The major salivary glands tissues of Nestin-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice were analyzed under a fluorescence microscope. The cells marked by GFP and DsRed were counted in the merged image component of random representative images obtained for each gland sample at × 20 magnification. RESULTS In the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, the population of cells exclusively expressing Nestin was more abundant. There was a predominance of Nestin, NG2, and double-labeled cells in the submandibular gland compared to the parotid gland, mainly near the ductal system. Of note, the sublingual and parotid glands had similar populations of Nestin+ and NG2+, especially in acini, and some positive cells were observed surrounding ducts. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study revealed differential expression patterns of Nestin and NG2, alone or in combination, in the salivary gland subset during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bittencourt do Valle
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Natália Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Fernandes Araújo Almeida
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Ventorin von Zeidler
- Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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17
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Rocchi C, Cinat D, Serrano Martinez P, Bruin ALJD, Baanstra M, Brouwer U, Del Angel Zuivre C, Schepers H, van Os R, Barazzuol L, Coppes RP. The Hippo signaling pathway effector YAP promotes salivary gland regeneration after injury. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabk0599. [PMID: 34874744 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abk0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Davide Cinat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Paola Serrano Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Anne L Jellema-de Bruin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Baanstra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Uilke Brouwer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Cinthya Del Angel Zuivre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Hein Schepers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Os
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, Netherlands
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18
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Hariharan A, Iyer J, Wang A, Tran SD. Tracking of Oral and Craniofacial Stem Cells in Tissue Development, Regeneration, and Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:656-668. [PMID: 34741728 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The craniofacial region hosts a variety of stem cells, all isolated from different sources of bone and cartilage. However, despite scientific advancements, their role in tissue development and regeneration is not entirely understood. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in stem cell tracking methods and how these can be advantageously used to understand oro-facial tissue development and regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cell tracking methods have gained importance in recent times, mainly with the introduction of several molecular imaging techniques, like optical imaging, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Labelling of stem cells, assisted by these imaging techniques, has proven to be useful in establishing stem cell lineage for regenerative therapy of the oro-facial tissue complex. Novel labelling methods complementing imaging techniques have been pivotal in understanding craniofacial tissue development and regeneration. These stem cell tracking methods have the potential to facilitate the development of innovative cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Hariharan
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Janaki Iyer
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Athena Wang
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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19
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Xu X, Gan X, Zhang M, Xie J, Chen S, Li K, Li J, Bao Y, Wang C, Chen D. Sox9 + cells are required for salivary gland regeneration after radiation damage via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Genet Genomics 2021:S1673-8527(21)00336-2. [PMID: 34757039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer can cause serious side effects, including severe damage to the salivary glands, resulting in symptoms such as xerostomia, dental caries, and oral infection. Due to the lack of long-term treatment for the symptoms of xerostomia, current research has focused on finding endogenous stem cells that can differentiate into various cell lineages to replace lost tissue and restore functions. Here, we report that Sox9+ cells can differentiate into various salivary epithelial cell lineages under homeostatic conditions. After ablating Sox9+ cells, the salivary glands of irradiated mice showed more severe phenotypes and the reduced proliferative capacity. Analysis of online single-cell RNA-sequencing data reveals the enrichment of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the Sox9+ cell population. Furthermore, treatment with a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor in irradiated mice inhibits the regenerative capability of Sox9+ cells. Finally, we show that Sox9+ cells are capable of forming organoids in vitro and that transplanting these organoids into salivary glands after radiation partially restored salivary gland functions. These results suggest that regenerative therapy targeting Sox9+ cells is a promising approach to treat radiation-induced salivary gland injury.
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20
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Shimada K, Shimizu M, Ohtani Y, Roy RR, Murakami S, Ochiai T, Hasegawa H. Mammaglobin protein localization and gene expression in the salivary glands. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:310-314. [PMID: 34408112 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to delve deeper into the hypothesis that normal salivary gland tissue expresses both protein and mRNA of mammaglobin (MGB). METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of submandibular (10), parotid (5), palatal (5) and labial glands (30) salivary glands were immunohistochemically investigated. The labial samples were used to examine the MGB positive ratio (MGB-PR), and localize MGB by double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative mRNA gene expression. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis rank-sum test for group comparison, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient for correlation analysis were used. RESULTS The distribution of MGB-positive cells was variable throughout samples with significantly higher MGB-PR of acini than ducts (P = 0.00376), and there was no difference when compared based on age (P = 0.0646) and gender (P = 0.245). Besides acinar cells, a number of myoepithelial cells and ductal cells also demonstrated strong MGB reactivity with varying MGB mRNA expression levels in 6 of the 7 samples (with MGB-PR > 20%) tested. CONCLUSION This novel study shows that unlike aberrant protein expression in some carcinomas, MGB expression in salivary gland neoplasms represents the nature of original cells, giving a better insight into the neoplasms expressing MGB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Shimizu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Yuki Ohtani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University
| | - Rita R Roy
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
| | | | - Takanaga Ochiai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University.,Department of Oral Pathology, Division of Oral Pathogenesis & Disease Control, Asahi University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University
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21
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Zhu F, Zhong Y, Ji H, Ge R, Guo L, Song H, Wu H, Jiao P, Li S, Wang C, Du H. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva can adsorb to the oral mucosal epithelium. J Anat 2021; 240:398-409. [PMID: 34590312 PMCID: PMC8662096 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is primarily transmitted through droplets. All human tissues with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serines 2 (TRMPRSS2) are potential targets of SARS‐CoV‐2. The role of saliva in SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission remains obscure. In this study, we attempted to reveal ACE2 and TRMPRSS2 protein expression in human parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands (three major salivary glands). Then, the binding function of spike protein to ACE2 in three major salivary glands was detected. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva from parotid glands were both examined. Exogenous recombined ACE2 and TMPRSS2 anchoring and fusing to oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro were also unraveled. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were found mainly to be expressed in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the serous acinus cells in parotid and submandibular glands. Our research also discovered that the spike protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to ACE2 in salivary glands in vitro. Furthermore, exogenous ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can anchor and fuse to oral mucosa in vitro. Thus, the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human saliva might have implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Huan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ran Ge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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22
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Akashi Y, Nemoto A, Nakajima K, Kokubun K, Murakami S, Inoue T, Matsuzaka K. The effect of fibroblast growth factor 7 on human dental pulp stem cells for differentiation to AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:344-353. [PMID: 33783980 PMCID: PMC8204033 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplantation of stem cells into wounds has become popular in regeneration therapies. As stem cells for transplantation, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are known to be pluripotent cells that are relatively easy to collect from the pulp of deciduous or wisdom teeth. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hDPSCs treated with fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) would contribute to the regeneration of wounded rat submandibular glands (SMGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In in vitro studies, hDPSCs were treated with or without FGF7 and mRNA expression levels were examined at days 3, 7 and 14 using qRT-PCR. The target genes analyzed were BMI1 as an undifferentiated marker, AQP5 as an acinar cell marker, CK19 as a ductal epithelial cell marker, αSMA as a myoepithelial cell marker and VIMENTIN as a fibroblast marker. In in vivo studies, hDPSCs treated with or without FGF7 for 14 days were mixed with type I collagen gels and were transplanted into wounded rat SMGs. Hematoxylin-Eosin and immunohistochemical staining were performed at days 3 and 7, and the numbers of positive cells were counted. The primary antibodies used were against BMI1, AQP5, αSMA, PanCK and VIMENTIN. RESULTS In the in vitro studies, mRNA levels of BMI1 were decreased and αSMA were increased at days 3, 7 and 14, while AQP5 was increased at day 14 in the FGF7 group. In the in vivo studies, the proliferation of hDPSCs and cell islands was observed at day 7 in the FGF7 group. Few BMI1-positive cells were observed, while numbers of AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells were increased at days 3 and 7 in the FGF7 group. Moreover, cell islands were AQP5-positive. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FGF7-treated hDPSCs differentiate into AQP5-positive and αSMA-positive cells. Moreover, AQP5-positive cell aggregations were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Nemoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakajima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Murakami
- Department of Oral Pathology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
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23
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Chatzeli L, Teshima THN, Hajihosseini MK, Gaete M, Proctor GB, Tucker AS. Comparing development and regeneration in the submandibular gland highlights distinct mechanisms. J Anat 2021; 238:1371-1385. [PMID: 33455001 PMCID: PMC8128775 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A common question in organ regeneration is the extent to which regeneration recapitulates embryonic development. To investigate this concept, we compared the expression of two highly interlinked and essential genes for salivary gland development, Sox9 and Fgf10, during submandibular gland development, homeostasis and regeneration. Salivary gland duct ligation/deligation model was used as a regenerative model. Fgf10 and Sox9 expression changed during regeneration compared to homeostasis, suggesting that these key developmental genes play important roles during regeneration, however, significantly both displayed different patterns of expression in the regenerating gland compared to the developing gland. Regenerating glands, which during homeostasis had very few weakly expressing Sox9-positive cells in the striated/granular ducts, displayed elevated expression of Sox9 within these ducts. This pattern is in contrast to embryonic development, where Sox9 expression was absent in the proximally developing ducts. However, similar to the elevated expression at the distal tip of the epithelium in developing salivary glands, regenerating glands displayed elevated expression in a subpopulation of acinar cells, which during homeostasis expressed Sox9 at lower levels. A shift in expression of Fgf10 was observed from a widespread mesenchymal pattern during organogenesis to a more limited and predominantly epithelial pattern during homeostasis in the adult. This restricted expression in epithelial cells was maintained during regeneration, with no clear upregulation in the surrounding mesenchyme, as might be expected if regeneration recapitulated development. As both Fgf10 and Sox9 were upregulated in proximal ducts during regeneration, this suggests that the positive regulation of Sox9 by Fgf10, essential during development, is partially reawakened during regeneration using this model. Together these data suggest that developmentally important genes play a key role in salivary gland regeneration but do not precisely mimic the roles observed during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemonia Chatzeli
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tathyane H. N. Teshima
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Oral MedicineUCL Eastman Dental InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Marcia Gaete
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Gordon B. Proctor
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College of LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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24
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Abstract
The mammalian salivary gland develops as a highly branched structure designed to produce and secrete saliva. This review focuses on research conducted on mammalian salivary gland development, particularly on the differentiation of acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. We discuss recent studies that provide conceptual advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salivary gland development. In addition, we describe the organogenesis of submandibular glands (SMGs), model systems used for the study of SMG development, and the key signaling pathways as well as cellular processes involved in salivary gland development. The findings from the recent studies elucidating the identity of stem/progenitor cells in the SMGs, and the process by which they are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form functional glands, are also discussed. Advances in genetic tools and tissue engineering strategies will significantly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms by which signaling pathways and cells establish tissue architecture and function during salivary gland development, which may also be conserved in the growth and development of other organ systems. An increased knowledge of organ development mechanisms will have profound implications in the design of therapies for the regrowth or repair of injured tissues. In addition, understanding how the processes of cell survival, expansion, specification, movement, and communication with neighboring cells are regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is critical to the development of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Kenichi Ogata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, BBS 4208, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Center for Craniofacial Research, UTHealth, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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25
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Cho JM, Yoon YJ, Lee S, Kim D, Choi D, Kim J, Lim JY. Retroductal Delivery of Epidermal Growth Factor Protects Salivary Progenitors after Irradiation. J Dent Res 2021; 100:883-890. [PMID: 33754871 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521999298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland hypofunction after irradiation is associated with a deficit of epithelial stem/progenitors in salivary glands. Although epidermal growth factor (EGF) is known to stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells, the therapeutic effect of EGF on salivary epithelial stem/progenitors remains undetermined. In this study, we administered EGF to submandibular glands (SMGs) via a retrograde route through the SMG excretory duct before fractionated irradiation and examined whether EGF could protect salivary epithelial progenitor cells from radiation and alleviate radiation-induced salivary hypofunction. EGF-treated mice exhibited greater body and gland weights at 12 wk after irradiation than untreated mice. The retroductal delivery of EGF improved salivary secretory function and increased salivary amylase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Histological examinations highlighted the amelioration of the loss of keratine-14+ (KRT14+) basal ductal and/or MIST1+ acinar cells, as well as induction of fibrosis, following irradiation in EGF-treated mice. An additional in vitro experiment using a salivary gland organoid irradiation model indicated that the radioprotective effects of EGF promoted the growth and inhibited the apoptotic cell death of salivary epithelial cells. Our results suggest that retroductal delivery of EGF may be a promising therapeutic option for preventing radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Hauser BR, Aure MH, Kelly MC, Hoffman MP, Chibly AM. Generation of a Single-Cell RNAseq Atlas of Murine Salivary Gland Development. iScience 2020; 23:101838. [PMID: 33305192 PMCID: PMC7718488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic transcriptional landscape throughout organ development will provide a template for regenerative therapies. Here, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing atlas of murine submandibular glands identifying transcriptional profiles that revealed cellular heterogeneity during landmark developmental events: end bud formation, branching morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, maturation, and homeostasis. Trajectory inference analysis suggests plasticity among acinar and duct populations. We identify transcription factors correlated with acinar differentiation including Spdef, Etv1, and Xbp1, and loss of Ybx1, Eno1, Sox11, and Atf4. Furthermore, we characterize two intercalated duct populations defined by either Gfra3 and Kit, or Gstt1. This atlas can be used to investigate specific cell functions and comparative studies predicting common mechanisms involved in development of branching organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda R. Hauser
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marit H. Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C. Kelly
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Genomics and Computational Biology Core
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alejandro M. Chibly
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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de Souza-Monteiro D, de Oliveira Nunes PB, de Oliveira Ferreira R, Eiró LG, Bittencourt LO, Dos Santos Chemelo V, Dos Santos SM, de Souza-Rodrigues RD, Monteiro MC, Lima RR. Aluminum-Induced Toxicity in Salivary Glands of Mice After Long-term Exposure: Insights into the Redox State and Morphological Analyses. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:575-582. [PMID: 32162179 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies indicate aluminum (Al) as a potent toxicant, mainly related to central nervous system disorders. However, investigations about the Al effects over salivary glands are still scarce. In this way, the present study aimed to investigate whether the Al chloride (AlCl3) is able of triggering oxidative stress in parotid and submandibular glands of mice and also, if any morphological impairment is observed. For this, twenty mice were divided into two groups: Exposed group (EG), which received 18.5 mg/kg of AlCl3 by intragastric gavage for 60 days and control group (CG), which received distilled water by intragastric gavage during the same period of time. After that, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were analyzed and we performed morphological analyses by evaluating the area of parenchyma, stroma, acini, and ducts in both glands. Statistical analyses were performed by Student's t test and two-way ANOVA, adopting p < 0.05. No abnormal body weight was observed and data indicates that although both major salivary glands are susceptible to Al-induced oxidative stress, by increasing MDA and reducing GSH, only submandibular glands decreased the parenchyma and increased stroma area. Moreover, the submandibular glands showed smaller total area of acini and higher total area of ducts, in comparison with the control group. Notably, AlCl3 induces oxidative stress in both glands, however, submandibular glands showed to be more susceptible to Al effects than parotid glands. Our study gives evidences about Al toxicity in parotid and submandibular glands and claims for new investigations to understand more mechanisms of Al-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiweson de Souza-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paula Beatriz de Oliveira Nunes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Railson de Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães Eiró
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Victoria Dos Santos Chemelo
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sávio Monteiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Renata Duarte de Souza-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
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28
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Kim JY, An CH, Kim JY, Jung JK. Experimental Animal Model Systems for Understanding Salivary Secretory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21. [PMID: 33182571 PMCID: PMC7696548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary secretory disorders are life-disrupting pathologic conditions with a high prevalence, especially in the geriatric population. Both patients and clinicians frequently feel helpless and get frustrated by the currently available therapeutic strategies, which consist mainly of palliative managements. Accordingly, to unravel the underlying mechanisms and to develop effective and curative strategies, several animal models have been developed and introduced. Experimental findings from these models have contributed to answer biological and biomedical questions. This review aims to provide various methodological considerations used for the examination of pathological fundamentals in salivary disorders using animal models and to summarize the obtained findings. The information provided in this review could provide plausible solutions for overcoming salivary disorders and also suggest purpose-specific experimental animal systems.
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29
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Ninche N, Kwak M, Ghazizadeh S. Diverse epithelial cell populations contribute to the regeneration of secretory units in injured salivary glands. Development 2020; 147:dev.192807. [PMID: 32994165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands exert exocrine secretory function to provide saliva for lubrication and protection of the oral cavity. Its epithelium consists of several differentiated cell types, including acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells, that are maintained in a lineage-restricted manner during homeostasis or after mild injuries. Glandular regeneration following a near complete loss of secretory cells, however, may involve cellular plasticity, although the mechanism and extent of such plasticity remain unclear. Here, by combining lineage-tracing experiments with a model of severe glandular injury in the mouse submandibular gland, we show that de novo formation of acini involves induction of cellular plasticity in multiple non-acinar cell populations. Fate-mapping analysis revealed that, although ductal stem cells marked by cytokeratin K14 and Axin2 undergo a multipotency switch, they do not make a significant contribution to acinar regeneration. Intriguingly, more than 80% of regenerated acini derive from differentiated cells, including myoepithelial and ductal cells, that appear to dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state before re-differentiation into acinar cells. The potential of diverse cell populations serving as a reserve source for acini widens the therapeutic options for hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninche Ninche
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mingyu Kwak
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Soosan Ghazizadeh
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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30
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Min S, Oyelakin A, Gluck C, Bard JE, Song EAC, Smalley K, Che M, Flores E, Sinha S, Romano RA. p63 and Its Target Follistatin Maintain Salivary Gland Stem/Progenitor Cell Function through TGF-β/Activin Signaling. iScience 2020; 23:101524. [PMID: 32932139 PMCID: PMC7498843 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent ΔNp63-positive cells maintain all epithelial cell lineages of the embryonic and adult salivary gland (SG). However, the molecular mechanisms by which ΔNp63 regulates stem/progenitor (SP) cell populations in the SG remains elusive. To understand the role of ΔNp63 in directing cell fate choices in this gland, we have generated ΔNp63-deleted adult mice and primary salivary cell cultures to probe alterations in SP cell differentiation and function. In parallel, we have leveraged RNA-seq and ChIP-seq-based characterization of the ΔNp63-driven cistrome and scRNA-seq analysis to molecularly interrogate altered SG cellular identities and differentiation states dependent on ΔNp63. Our studies reveal that ablation of ΔNp63 results in a loss of the SP cell population and skewed differentiation that is mediated by Follistatin-dependent dysregulated TGF-β/Activin signaling. These findings offer new revelations into the SP cell gene regulatory networks that are likely to be relevant for normal or diseased SG states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Christian Gluck
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Kirsten Smalley
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Elsa Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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31
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Rocchi C, Emmerson E. Mouth-Watering Results: Clinical Need, Current Approaches, and Future Directions for Salivary Gland Regeneration. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:649-669. [PMID: 32371171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Permanent damage to the salivary glands and resulting hyposalivation and xerostomia have a substantial impact on patient health, quality of life, and healthcare costs. Currently, patients rely on lifelong treatments that alleviate the symptoms, but no long-term restorative solutions exist. Recent advances in adult stem cell enrichment and transplantation, bioengineering, and gene transfer have proved successful in rescuing salivary gland function in a number of animal models that reflect human diseases and that result in hyposalivation and xerostomia. By overcoming the limitations of stem cell transplants and better understanding the mechanisms of cellular plasticity in the adult salivary gland, such studies provide encouraging evidence that a regenerative strategy for patients will be available in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Rocchi
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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32
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Weng PL, Aure MH, Maruyama T, Ovitt CE. Limited Regeneration of Adult Salivary Glands after Severe Injury Involves Cellular Plasticity. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1464-1470.e3. [PMID: 30089258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult salivary glands, the origin of replacement and regenerated acinar cells remains unclear. Although many reports describe the identification of stem cells in adult salivary glands, we have shown that differentiated acinar cells can be maintained and regenerated through self-duplication. Here, we have used genetic mouse models to further investigate acinar cell replacement and regeneration during homeostasis and after injury. Under normal conditions or after duct ligation, replacement of duct and acinar cells occurs through lineage-restricted progenitors. In contrast, after irradiation, in vivo lineage tracing shows that acinar, as well as duct, cells contribute to acinar cell regeneration, revealing that cellular plasticity is involved in salivary gland repair. Our results also indicate that even after radiation damage, several cell populations have regenerative potential for restoring salivary gland function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Takamitsu Maruyama
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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33
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Urkasemsin G, Castillo P, Rungarunlert S, Klincumhom N, Ferreira JN. Strategies for Developing Functional Secretory Epithelia from Porcine Salivary Gland Explant Outgrowth Culture Models. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E657. [PMID: 31717706 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts have been made to develop human salivary gland (SG) secretory epithelia for transplantation in patients with SG hypofunction and dry mouth (xerostomia). However, the limited availability of human biopsies hinders the generation of sufficient cell numbers for epithelia formation and regeneration. Porcine SG have several similarities to their human counterparts, hence could replace human cells in SG modelling studies in vitro. Our study aims to establish porcine SG explant outgrowth models to generate functional secretory epithelia for regeneration purposes to rescue hyposalivation. Cells were isolated and expanded from porcine submandibular and parotid gland explants. Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and gene arrays were performed to assess proliferation, standard mesenchymal stem cell, and putative SG epithelial stem/progenitor cell markers. Epithelial differentiation was induced and different SG-specific markers investigated. Functional assays upon neurostimulation determined α-amylase activity, trans-epithelial electrical resistance, and calcium influx. Primary cells exhibited SG epithelial progenitors and proliferation markers. After differentiation, SG markers were abundantly expressed resembling epithelial lineages (E-cadherin, Krt5, Krt14), and myoepithelial (α-smooth muscle actin) and neuronal (β3-tubulin, Chrm3) compartments. Differentiated cells from submandibular gland explant models displayed significantly greater proliferation, number of epithelial progenitors, amylase activity, and epithelial barrier function when compared to parotid gland models. Intracellular calcium was mobilized upon cholinergic and adrenergic neurostimulation. In summary, this study highlights new strategies to develop secretory epithelia from porcine SG explants, suitable for future proof-of-concept SG regeneration studies, as well as for testing novel muscarinic agonists and other biomolecules for dry mouth.
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Weng PL, Luitje ME, Ovitt CE. Cellular plasticity in salivary gland regeneration. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1837-1839. [PMID: 31560148 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martha E Luitje
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, Department of Biomedical Genetics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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35
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Bilandzic M, Rainczuk A, Green E, Fairweather N, Jobling TW, Plebanski M, Stephens AN. Keratin-14 (KRT14) Positive Leader Cells Mediate Mesothelial Clearance and Invasion by Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091228. [PMID: 31443478 PMCID: PMC6769856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis is driven by spheroids, which are heterogeneous cancer cell aggregates released from the primary tumour mass that passively disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity to promote tumour spread, disease recurrence, and acquired chemoresistance. Despite their clinical importance, the molecular events that control spheroid attachment and invasion into underlying healthy tissues remain poorly understood. We examined a novel in vitro invasion model using imaging mass spectrometry to establish a “snapshot” of the spheroid/mesothelial interface. Amongst numerous adhesion-related proteins, we identified a sub-population of highly motile, invasive cells that expressed the basal epithelial marker KRT14 as an absolute determinant of invasive potential. The loss of KRT14 completely abrogated the invasive capacity, but had no impact on cell viability or proliferation, suggesting an invasion-specific role. Our data demonstrate KRT14 cells as an ovarian cancer “leader cell” phenotype underlying tumor invasion, and suggest their importance as a clinically relevant target in directed anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Bilandzic
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Bruker Biosciences Pty Ltd., Preston 3078, Australia
| | - Emma Green
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Nicole Fairweather
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Moorabbin 3189, Australia
| | - Thomas W Jobling
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Moorabbin 3189, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew N Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia.
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Abstract
Maintaining salivary gland function is critical for oral health. Loss of saliva is a common side effect of therapeutic irradiation for head and neck cancer or autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. There is no curative treatment, and current strategies proposed for functional regeneration include gene therapy to reengineer surviving salivary gland tissue, cell-based transplant therapy, use of bioengineered glands, and development of drugs/biologics to stimulate in vivo regeneration or increase secretion. Understanding the genetic and cellular mechanisms required for development and homeostasis of adult glands is essential to the success of these proposed treatments. Recent advances in genetic lineage tracing provide insight into epithelial lineage relationships during murine salivary gland development. During early fetal gland development, epithelial cells expressing keratin 14 (K14) Sox2, Sox9, Sox10, and Trp63 give rise to all adult epithelium, but as development proceeds, lineage restriction occurs, resulting in separate lineages of myoepithelial, ductal, and acinar cells in postnatal glands. Several niche signals have been identified that regulate epithelial development and lineage restriction. Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for gland development, and other important factors that influence epithelial patterning and maturation include the Wnt, Hedgehog, retinoic acid, and Hippo signaling pathways. In addition, other cell types in the local microenvironment, such as endothelial and neuronal cells, can influence epithelial development. Emerging evidence also suggests that specific epithelial cells will respond to different types of salivary gland damage, depending on the cause and severity of damage and the resulting damaged microenvironment. Understanding how regeneration occurs and which cell types are affected, as well as which signaling factors drive cell lineage decisions, provides specific targets to manipulate cell fate and improve regeneration. Taken together, these recent advances in understanding cell lineages and the signaling factors that drive cell fate changes provide a guide to develop novel regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Aure
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J M Symonds
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Current address: Chromodex Spherix Consulting, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - J W Mays
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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37
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Weng PL, Aure MH, Ovitt CE. Concise Review: A Critical Evaluation of Criteria Used to Define Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1144-1150. [PMID: 31175700 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the effort to develop cell-based therapies to treat salivary gland dysfunction, many different populations of cells in the adult salivary glands have been proposed as stem cells. These cell populations vary, depending on the assay used, and are often nonoverlapping, leading to the conclusion that salivary glands harbor multiple stem cells. The goal of this review is to critically appraise the assays and properties used to identify stem cells in the adult salivary gland, and to consider the caveats of each. Re-evaluation of the defining criteria may help to reconcile the many potential stem cell populations described in the salivary gland, in order to increase comparability between studies and build consensus in the field. Stem Cells 2019;37:1144-1150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marit H Aure
- Matrix and Morphology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine E Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology, Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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38
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Vining KH, Lombaert IMA, Patel VN, Kibbey SE, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Hoffman MP. Neurturin-containing laminin matrices support innervated branching epithelium from adult epithelial salispheres. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119245. [PMID: 31200143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation of autologous adult biopsies, grown ex vivo as epithelial organoids or expanded as spheroids, are proposed treatments to regenerate damaged branching organs. However, it is not clear whether transplantation of adult organoids or spheroids alone is sufficient to initiate a fetal-like program of branching morphogenesis in which coordinated branching of multiple cell types including nerves, mesenchyme and blood vessels occurs. Yet this is an essential concept for the regeneration of branching organs such as lung, pancreas, and lacrimal and salivary glands. Here, we used factors identified from fetal organogenesis to maintain and expand adult murine and human epithelial salivary gland progenitors in non-adherent spheroid cultures, called salispheres. These factors stimulated critical developmental pathways, and increased expression of epithelial progenitor markers such as Keratin5, Keratin14, FGFR2b and KIT. Moreover, physical recombination of adult salispheres in a laminin-111 extracellular matrix with fetal salivary mesenchyme, containing endothelial and neuronal cells, only induced branching morphogenesis when neurturin, a neurotrophic factor, was added to the matrix. Neurturin was essential to improve neuronal survival, axon outgrowth, innervation of the salispheres, and resulted in the formation of branching structures with a proximal-distal axis that mimicked fetal branching morphogenesis, thus recapitulating organogenesis. Epithelial progenitors were also maintained, and developmental differentiation programs were initiated, showing that the fetal microenvironment provides a template for adult epithelial progenitors to initiate branching and differentiation. Further delineation of secreted and physical cues from the fetal niche will be useful to develop novel regenerative therapies that instruct adult salispheres to resume a developmental-like program in vitro and to regenerate branching organs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Vining
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Medical Research Scholars Program, Office of Clinical Research Training and Medical Education, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Current Address: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138. USA
| | - I M A Lombaert
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA; Current Address: Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, North Campus Research Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - V N Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S E Kibbey
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA
| | - S Pradhan-Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
| | - R L Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Center for Translational Cancer Research, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, 19713, USA; Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - M P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20842, USA.
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39
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Tanaka J, Mabuchi Y, Hata K, Yasuhara R, Takamatsu K, Kujiraoka S, Yukimori A, Takakura I, Sumimoto H, Fukada T, Azuma M, Akiyama H, Nishimura R, Shimane T, Mishima K. Sox9 regulates the luminal stem/progenitor cell properties of salivary glands. Exp Cell Res 2019; 382:111449. [PMID: 31153924 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine glands share a common morphology consisting of ductal, acinar, and basal/myoepithelial cells, but their functions and mechanisms of homeostasis differ among tissues. Salivary glands are an example of exocrine glands, and they have been reported to contain multipotent stem cells that differentiate into other tissues. In this study, we purified the salivary gland stem/progenitor cells of adult mouse salivary glands using the cell surface marker CD133 by flow cytometry. CD133+ cells possessed stem cell capacity, and the transplantation of CD133+ cells into the submandibular gland reconstituted gland structures, including functional acinar. CD133+ cells were sparsely distributed in the intercalated and exocrine ducts and expressed Sox9 at higher levels than CD133- cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Sox9 was required for the stem cell properties CD133+ cells, including colony and sphere formation. Thus, the Sox9-related signaling may control the regeneration salivary glands.
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40
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Abstract
Dysfunctional salivary glands (SGs) are a clinical challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Cell therapy with stem/progenitor cells may improve this situation by providing promising therapeutic solutions. Therefore, exploring abundant cellular sources is important. Three major pairs of SGs are located in different anatomic regions: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands. Although SG stem/progenitor cells can be isolated and cultivated from all major SGs as salispheres, the differences among SG origins remain unclear. In this study, salispheres were successfully isolated from all major SGs. The salispheres demonstrated unique cellular features that originated from their native tissues. The characteristic expression profiles and cellular features of SG stem cells were demonstrated in all salispheres. When they were transplanted into irradiated animals, the salispheres were all capable of improving the saliva secretion that was disrupted by irradiation. Typical histologic structures could be observed in most parts of the treated glands, and the fibrotic environments of irradiated submandibular glands were remodeled by all salispheres regardless of origins. This study characterized the cellular features and in vivo effects of salispheres that were derived from different anatomic origins. The results suggest the possibility of functional redundancy among distinct pairs of major SGs, which is useful for the design of cell therapy to treat dysfunctional glandular organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lee
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Hsiao
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongxing Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chen
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T H Young
- 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T L Yang
- 4 Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,5 Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,6 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Ferreira JN, Hasan R, Urkasemsin G, Ng KK, Adine C, Muthumariappan S, Souza GR. A magnetic three-dimensional levitated primary cell culture system for the development of secretory salivary gland-like organoids. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:495-508. [PMID: 30666813 DOI: 10.1002/term.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction and oral dryness can be induced by radiotherapy for head and neck cancers or autoimmune disorders. These are common clinical conditions that involve loss of saliva-secreting epithelial cells. Several oral complications arise with SG hypofunction that interfere with routine daily activities such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Hence, there is a need for replacing these saliva-secreting cells. Recently, researchers have proposed to repair SG hypofunction via various cell-based approaches in three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based systems. However, majority of the scaffolds used cannot be translated clinically due to the presence of non-human-based substrates. Herein, saliva-secreting organoids/mini-glands were developed using a new scaffold/substrate-free culture system named magnetic 3D levitation (M3DL), which assembles and levitates magnetized primary SG-derived cells (SGDCs), allowing them to produce their own extracellular matrices. Primary SGDCs were assembled in M3DL to generate SG-like organoids in well-established SG epithelial differentiation conditions for 7 days. After such culture time, these organoids consistently presented uniform spheres with greater cell viability and pro-mitotic cells, when compared with conventional salisphere cultures. Additionally, organoids formed by M3DL expressed SG-specific markers from different cellular compartments: acinar epithelial including adherens junctions (NKCC1, cholinergic muscarinic receptor type 3, E-cadherin, and EpCAM); ductal epithelial and myoepithelial (cytokeratin 14 and α-smooth muscle actin); and neuronal (β3-tubulin and vesicular acetylcholine transferase). Lastly, intracellular calcium and α-amylase activity assays showed functional organoids with SG-specific secretory activity upon cholinergic stimulation. Thus, the functional organoid produced herein indicate that this M3DL system can be a promising tool to generate SG-like mini-glands for SG secretory repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao N Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Excellence Centre in Regenerative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Riasat Hasan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ganokon Urkasemsin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kiaw K Ng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christabella Adine
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sujatha Muthumariappan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glauco R Souza
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Nano3D Biosciences Inc., Houston, TX, USA
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42
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May AJ, Cruz-Pacheco N, Emmerson E, Gaylord EA, Seidel K, Nathan S, Muench MO, Klein OD, Knox SM. Diverse progenitor cells preserve salivary gland ductal architecture after radiation-induced damage. Development 2018; 145:dev.166363. [PMID: 30305288 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ductal system of the salivary gland has long been postulated to be resistant to radiation-induced damage, a common side effect incurred by head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Yet, whether the ducts are capable of regenerating after genotoxic injury, or whether damage to ductal cells induces lineage plasticity, as has been reported in other organ systems, remains unknown. Here, using the murine salivary gland, we show that two ductal progenitor populations, marked exclusively by KRT14 and KIT, maintain non-overlapping ductal compartments after radiation exposure but do so through distinct cellular mechanisms. KRT14+ progenitor cells are fast-cycling cells that proliferate in response to radiation-induced damage in a sustained manner and divide asymmetrically to produce differentiated cells of the larger granulated ducts. Conversely, KIT+ intercalated duct cells are long-lived progenitors for the intercalated ducts that undergo few cell divisions either during homeostasis or after gamma radiation, thus maintaining ductal architecture with slow rates of cell turnover. Together, these data illustrate the regenerative capacity of the salivary ducts and highlight the heterogeneity in the damage responses used by salivary progenitor cells to maintain tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J May
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Noel Cruz-Pacheco
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Emmerson
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eliza A Gaylord
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sara Nathan
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marcus O Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sarah M Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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43
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Kwak M, Ninche N, Klein S, Saur D, Ghazizadeh S. c-Kit + Cells in Adult Salivary Glands do not Function as Tissue Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14193. [PMID: 30242278 PMCID: PMC6155036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare population of salivary gland cells isolated based on c-Kit immunoreactivity are thought to represent tissue stem cells since they exhibit the most robust proliferative and differentiation capacity ex vivo. Despite their high promise for cell-based therapies aimed at restoring salivary function, the precise location and in vivo function of c-Kit+ stem cells remain unclear. Here, by combining immunostaining with c-KitCreERT2-based genetic labeling and lineage tracing in the adult mouse salivary glands, we show that c-Kit is expressed in a relatively large and heterogeneous cell population that consists mostly of differentiated cells. Moreover, c-Kit does not mark ductal stem cells that are known to express cytokeratin K14. Tracking the fate of in vivo-labeled c-Kit+ or that of K14+ cells in spheroid cultures reveals a limited proliferative potential for c-Kit+ cells and identifies K14+ cells as the major source of salispheres in these cultures. Long-term in vivo lineage tracing studies indicate that although c-Kit marks at least two discrete ductal cell lineages, c-Kit+ cells do not contribute to the normal maintenance of any other cell lineages. Our results indicate that c-Kit is not a reliable marker for salivary gland stem cells, which has important implications for salivary gland regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Kwak
- Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ninche Ninche
- Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sabine Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Soosan Ghazizadeh
- Department of Oral Biology & Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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44
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Song EAC, Min S, Oyelakin A, Smalley K, Bard JE, Liao L, Xu J, Romano RA. Genetic and scRNA-seq Analysis Reveals Distinct Cell Populations that Contribute to Salivary Gland Development and Maintenance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14043. [PMID: 30232460 PMCID: PMC6145895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cells of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) give rise to, maintain, and regenerate the multiple lineages of mature epithelial cells including those belonging to the ductal, acinar, basal and myoepithelial subtypes. Here we have exploited single cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo genetic lineage tracing technologies to generate a detailed map of the cell fate trajectories and branch points of the basal and myoepithelial cell populations of the mouse SMG during embryonic development and in adults. Our studies show that the transcription factor p63 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) serve as faithful markers of the basal and myoepithelial cell lineages, respectively and that both cell types are endowed with progenitor cell properties. However, p63+ basal and SMA+ myoepithelial cells exhibit distinct cell fates by virtue of maintaining different cellular lineages during morphogenesis and in adults. Collectively, our results reveal the dynamic and complex nature of the diverse SMG cell populations and highlight the distinct differentiation potential of the p63 and SMA expressing subtypes in the stem and progenitor cell hierarchy. Long term these findings have profound implications towards a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that dictate lineage commitment and differentiation programs during development and adult gland maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Sangwon Min
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA
| | - Kirsten Smalley
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
| | - Jonathan E. Bard
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14222 USA
| | - Lan Liao
- 0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- 0000 0001 2160 926Xgrid.39382.33Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- 0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9887grid.273335.3Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203 USA
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45
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Emmerson E, Knox SM. Salivary gland stem cells: A review of development, regeneration and cancer. Genesis 2018; 56:e23211. [PMID: 29663717 PMCID: PMC5980780 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands are responsible for maintaining the health of the oral cavity and are routinely damaged by therapeutic radiation for head and neck cancer as well as by autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. Regenerative approaches based on the reactivation of endogenous stem cells or the transplant of exogenous stem cells hold substantial promise in restoring the structure and function of these organs to improve patient quality of life. However, these approaches have been hampered by a lack of knowledge on the identity of salivary stem cell populations and their regulators. In this review we discuss our current knowledge on salivary stem cells and their regulators during organ development, homeostasis and regeneration. As increasing evidence in other systems suggests that progenitor cells may be a source of cancer, we also review whether these same salivary stem cells may also be cancer initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Emmerson
- The MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sarah M. Knox
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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van Luijk P, Langendijk JA, Coppes RP. Understanding mechanisms yields novel approaches to reduce radiotherapy-related xerostomia. Ann Transl Med 2017; 5:63. [PMID: 28251142 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Luijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Albertus Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Paul Coppes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Eisbruch
- Department of radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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48
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Yi T, Lee S, Choi N, Shin HS, Kim J, Lim JY. Single Cell Clones Purified from Human Parotid Glands Display Features of Multipotent Epitheliomesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36303. [PMID: 27824146 DOI: 10.1038/srep36303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the biology of tissue-resident stem cell populations is essential to development of therapeutic strategies for regeneration of damaged tissue. Here, we describe the isolation of glandular stem cells (GSCs) from a small biopsy specimen from human parotid glands. Single colony-forming unit-derived clonal cells were isolated through a modified subfractionation culture method, and their stem cell properties were examined. The isolated clonal cells exhibited both epithelial and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like features, including differentiation potential and marker expression. The cells transiently displayed salivary progenitor phenotypes during salivary epithelial differentiation, suggesting that they may be putative multipotent GSCs rather than progenitor cells. Both epithelial and mesenchymal-expressing putative GSCs, LGR5+CD90+ cells, were found in vivo, mostly in inter-secretory units of human salivary glands. Following in vivo transplantation into irradiated salivary glands of mice, these cells were found to be engrafted around the secretory complexes, where they contributed to restoration of radiation-induced salivary hypofunction. These results showed that multipotent epitheliomesenchymal GSCs are present in glandular mesenchyme, and that isolation of homogenous GSC clones from human salivary glands may promote the precise understanding of biological function of bona fide GSCs, enabling their therapeutic application for salivary gland regeneration.
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49
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Srinivasan PP, Patel VN, Liu S, Harrington DA, Hoffman MP, Jia X, Witt RL, Farach‐Carson MC, Pradhan‐Bhatt S. Primary Salivary Human Stem/Progenitor Cells Undergo Microenvironment-Driven Acinar-Like Differentiation in Hyaluronate Hydrogel Culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 6:110-120. [PMID: 28170182 PMCID: PMC5442728 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer often has undesirable effects on salivary glands that lead to xerostomia or severe dry mouth, which can increase oral infections. Our goal is to engineer functional, three‐dimensional (3D) salivary gland neotissue for autologous implantation to provide permanent relief. An immediate need exists to obtain autologous adult progenitor cells as the use of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells potentially pose serious risks such as teratogenicity and immunogenic rejection. Here, we report an expandable population of primary salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs) that can be reproducibly and scalably isolated and propagated from tissue biopsies. These cells have increased expression of progenitor markers (K5, K14, MYC, ETV4, ETV5) compared with differentiation markers of the parotid gland (acinar: MIST1/BHLHA15 and AMY1A; ductal: K19 and TFCP2L1). Isolated hS/PCs grown in suspension formed primary and secondary spheres and could be maintained in long‐term 3D hydrogel culture. When grown in a customized 3D modular hyaluronate‐based hydrogel system modified with bioactive basement membrane‐derived peptides, levels of progenitor markers, indices of proliferation, and viability of hS/PCs were enhanced. When appropriate microenvironmental cues were provided in a controlled manner in 3D, such as stimulation with β‐adrenergic and cholinergic agonists, hS/PCs differentiated into an acinar‐like lineage, needed for saliva production. We conclude that the stem/progenitor potential of adult hS/PCs isolated without antigenic sorting or clonal expansion in suspension, combined with their ability to differentiate into specialized salivary cell lineages in a human‐compatible culture system, makes them ideal for use in 3D bioengineered salivary gland applications. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:110–120
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Pradeepa Srinivasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Vaishali N. Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Matthew P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Robert L. Witt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach‐Carson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Swati Pradhan‐Bhatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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