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Li Y, He P, Zheng L, Zhou X. Histone-modifying enzymes: Roles in odontogenesis and beyond. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38376106 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Odontogenesis, an intricate process initiated by epithelium-mesenchyme interaction, is meticulously regulated by a cascade of regulatory mechanisms. Epigenetic modifications, especially histone modification, have been found to exhibit spatiotemporal specificity during tooth development. However, the expression patterns and roles of enzymes associated with histone modifications have yet to be systematically explored in odontogenesis. This review aims to summarize the histone-modifying enzymes in odontogenesis and their regulation mechanism during tooth development and provide the potential theoretical basis for the clinical management and intervention of dental developmental diseases. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study conducted a systematic search across PubMed and Web of Science databases, utilizing the keywords "odontogenesis," "histone modification," and "enzyme" for pertinent articles. RESULTS No doubt histone modification contributes extensively to odontogenesis regulation, and the disturbances in histone modifications can derange the odontogenesis process. CONCLUSION Further studies are warranted to elucidate these roles and their potential downstream effects, positioning histone modifications as a pivotal focal point for unraveling the intricacies of tooth development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Luo C, He J, Wang N, Zhu N, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qin M, Hui T. Enhanced reparatory effect of EI1 on dental pulp via extracellular matrix remodeling by miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:177-185. [PMID: 38303812 PMCID: PMC10829547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for dental pulp repair. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ECM remodeling effect of miR-181b-2-3p (a microRNA) and to verify the reparatory effect of EI1 (an epigenetic drug) and miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor on dental pulp. Materials and methods Levels of ECM-related factors in EI1-treated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The anti-inflammation effect of EI1 was examined in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated hDPCs. miR-181b-2-3p mimics or inhibitors were transfected into hDPCs and then the cells' functions were detected. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the targets of miR-181b-2-3p. Pulpotomy using miR-181b-2-3p antagomirs and EI1 as pulp capping materials was performed in male six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Results EI1 upregulated ECM-related genes expression in hDPCs, but failed to upregulate the collagen1A1 (COL1A1) protein level. Pro-inflammatory factors were downregulated by EI1 in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated hDPCs. Overexpression of miR-181b-2-3p downregulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 precursor (FNDC5), while the inhibition had the opposite effect. Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-181b-2-3p targets TGF-β2, FNDC5 and integrin alpha 4 protein (ITGA4). Compared to EI1 was used alone, EI1 combined with the inhibitor upregulated the protein levels of COL1A1, fibronectin (FN1) and TGF-β2 in hDPCs, promoted hDPCs migration, and exhibited reparatory effects on inflamed rat pulp tissue. Conclusion miR-181b-2-3p inhibitor could enhance the reparatory effect of EI1 via ECM remodeling in dental pulp both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyi Luo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ningxin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqian Hui
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Tang Y, Wan F, Tang X, Lin Y, Zhang H, Cao J, Yang R. Celastrol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by upregulating SIRT1-mediated inhibition of EZH2related wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110584. [PMID: 37454630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and an imbalance in podocyte function aggravates proteinuria. Celastrol is the primary active ingredient of T. wilfordii, effective in treating DN renal injury; however, the mechanisms underlying its effect are unclear. We explored how celastrol prevents DN podocyte damage using in vivo and in vitro experiments. We randomly divided 24 male C57BLKS/J mice into three groups: db/m (n = 8), db/db (n = 8), and celastrol groups (db/db + celastrol, 1 mg/kg/d, gavage administration, n = 8). In vivo experiments lasted 12 weeks and intervention lasted ten weeks. Serum samples and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical tests, pathological staining, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescencequantitation polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting analysis. In vitro experiments to elaborate the mechanism of celastrol protection were performed on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. Celastrol reduced blood glucose levels and renal function index in db/db mice, attenuated renal histomorphological injury and glomerular podocyte foot injuries, and induced significant anti-inflammatory effects. Celastrol upregulated silent information regulator 2 related enzyme 1(SIRT1) expression and downregulated enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2), inhibiting the wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules, such as wnt1, wnt7a, and β-catenin. SIRT1 repressed the promoter activity of EZH2, and was co-immunoprecipitated with EZH2 in mouse podocyte cells (MPC5). SIRT1 knockdown aggravated the protective effects of celastrol on MPC5 cells. Celastrol protected podocyte injury via SIRT1/EZH2, which participates in the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, celastrol-mediated SIRT1 upregulation inhibited the EZH2-related wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate DN and podocyte injury, providing a theoretical basis for celastrol clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Tang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanli Tang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruchun Yang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Yang Q. The roles of EZH2 in cancer and its inhibitors. Med Oncol 2023; 40:167. [PMID: 37148376 PMCID: PMC10162908 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is encoded by the Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit gene. EZH2 is involved in the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, and immunological modulation. The main function of EZH2 is to catalyze the methylation of H3 histone of H3K27Me3, which inhibits the transcription of target genes, such as tumor suppressor genes. EZH2 also forms complexes with transcriptions factors or directly binds to the promoters of target genes, leading to regulate gene transcriptions. EZH2 has been as a prominent target for cancer therapy and a growing number of potential targeting medicines have been developed. This review summarized the mechanisms that EZH2 regulates gene transcription and the interactions between EZH2 and important intracellular signaling molecules (Wnt, Notch, MEK, Akt) and as well the clinical applications of EZH2-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Xu K, Liu Q, Huang W, Chu Y, Fan W, Liu J, He Y, Huang F. Promotive Effect of FBXO32 on the Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097708. [PMID: 37175415 PMCID: PMC10178205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is crucial for the intricate formation and repair processes in dental pulp. Until now, the literature is not able to demonstrate the role of ubiquitination in the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. This study investigated the role of F-box-only protein 32 (FBXO32), an E3 ligase, in the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs. The mRNA expression profile was obtained from ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and analyzed. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining identify the FBXO32 expression in human dental pulp and hDPSCs. Small-hairpin RNA lentivirus was used for FBXO32 knockdown and overexpression. Odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs was determined via alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red S staining, and mRNA and protein expression levels were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Furthermore, subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice was performed to evaluate the role of FBXO32 in mineralization in vivo using histological analysis. FBXO32 expression was upregulated in the odontoblast differentiated hDPSCs as evidenced by RNA-Seq data analysis. FBXO32 was detected in hDPSCs and the odontoblast layer of the dental pulp. Increased FBXO32 expression in hDPSCs during odontoblastic differentiation was confirmed. Through lentivirus infection method, FBXO32 downregulation in hDPSCs attenuated odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas FBXO32 upregulation promoted the hDPSCs odontoblastic differentiation, without affecting proliferation and migration. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the promotive role of FBXO32 in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs, thereby providing novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms during odontoblastic differentiation in hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wushuang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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6
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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7
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Yao L, Li F, Yu C, Wang H, Wang Y, Ye L, Yu F. Chronological and Replicative Aging of CD51 +/PDGFR-α + Pulp Stromal Cells. J Dent Res 2023:220345231158038. [PMID: 36919905 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231158038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a crucial source of mesenchymal stromal cells, CD51+/PDGFR-α+ human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) are promising seeding cells for regenerative medicine. Cellular senescence hinders the translational application of hDPSCs. However, it remains unclear whether chronological and replicative senescence results in distinct outcomes for hDPSCs. To investigate the influence of senescence on DPSCs, we used transgenic lineage tracking, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and various molecular experiments to depict the dynamic pattern of hDPSCs in mice and humans during chronological and replicative senescence. The data demonstrated that CD51+/PDGFR-α+ cells were decreased in chronological senescence. Impaired self-renewal and higher ossificatory differentiation were observed in chronologically senescent hDPSCs. Regarding replicative senescence, a decreased CD51+ but upregulated PDGFR-α+ population was observed in culture. Furthermore, weakened self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation were observed in replicatively senescent hDPSCs. In summary, CD51+/PDGFR-α+ hDPSCs decrease in chronologically aged pulp, with self-renewal that is impaired without impaired osteogenic differentiation. However, replicative senescence has a different impact: self-renewal and ossific differentiation are impaired and CD51 expression is reduced, but PDGFR-α expression remains. These findings demonstrate the different outcomes of chronological and replicative senescence in CD51+/PDGFR-α+ hDPSCs. Furthermore, we revealed that impaired self-renewal is the core dysfunction for both types of cellular aging and that osteogenic differentiation capability differs between them. This study provides insights into the influence of chronological and replicative senescence on the characteristics and capabilities of hDPSCs. These advances provide fundamental knowledge to alleviate cellular aging of CD51+/PDGFR-α+ hDPSCs and promote their translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - F Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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T-2 toxin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization involving mutual regulation between Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110266. [PMID: 36402210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are most frequent contaminants in environment and agricultural production globally. The T-2 toxin of Fusarium species is the most toxic type of A trichothecene mycotoxins. T-2 toxin can accumulate in bone and cause bone development disorders. Osteoblast is the functional cell responsible for bone formation. Whereas, the mechanism of T-2 toxin toxicity on osteoblast remains unknown. In present study, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with 0, 2, 4, and 8 nM T-2 toxin for 24h to explore the effect of T-2 toxin on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Subsequently, autophagy and Wnt intervention agents were used to explore the roles of autophagy and Wnt signaling pathway in T-2 toxin-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization disorders, respectively. The results showed that 2 nM of T-2 toxin had no significant effect on cell vitality, but 4 and 8 nM of T-2 significantly inhibited cell viability. All doses of T-2 toxin inhibited both osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin red S staining, and protein expressions of osteogenic proteins. In addition, the activation of Wnt signaling pathway mitigated T-2 toxin-induced osteoblast impairment, while the inhibition of autophagy exacerbated it. Our results also indicated that there was a positive feedback loop between the Wnt signaling pathway and autophagy.
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Chen Y, Wang X, Wu Z, Jia S, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental-derived stem cells and their application in pulp and periodontal regeneration. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14550. [PMID: 36620748 PMCID: PMC9817962 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental-derived stem cells have excellent proliferation ability and multi-directional differentiation potential, making them an important research target in tissue engineering. An increasing number of dental-derived stem cells have been discovered recently, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), dental follicle precursor cells (DFPCs), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). These stem cells have significant application prospects in tissue regeneration because they are found in an abundance of sources, and they have good biocompatibility and are highly effective. The biological functions of dental-derived stem cells are regulated in many ways. Epigenetic regulation means changing the expression level and function of a gene without changing its sequence. Epigenetic regulation is involved in many biological processes, such as embryonic development, bone homeostasis, and the fate of stem cells. Existing studies have shown that dental-derived stem cells are also regulated by epigenetic modifications. Pulp and periodontal regeneration refers to the practice of replacing damaged pulp and periodontal tissue and restoring the tissue structure and function under normal physiological conditions. This treatment has better therapeutic effects than traditional treatments. This article reviews the recent research on the mechanism of epigenetic regulation of dental-derived stem cells, and the core issues surrounding the practical application and future use of pulp and periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Luo H, Liu W, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Wang R, Shao L. Stage-specific requirement for METTL3-dependent m 6A modification during dental pulp stem cell differentiation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:605. [PMID: 36527141 PMCID: PMC9756505 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epigenetic modification in eukaryotic messenger RNAs and plays a critical role in cell fate transition. However, it remains to be elucidated how m6A marks functionally impact the transcriptional cascades that orchestrate stem cell differentiation. The present study focuses on the biological function and mechanism of m6A methylation in dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) differentiation. METHODS m6A RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was utilized to assess the m6A-mRNA landscape during DPSC differentiation. Ectopic transplantation of DPSCs in immunodeficient mice was conducted to verify the in vitro findings. RNA sequencing and m6A RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing were combined to identify the candidate targets. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA/protein stability of Noggin (NOG) were evaluated. The alteration in poly(A) tail was measured by 3'-RACE and poly(A) tail length assays. RESULTS We characterized a dynamic m6A-mRNA landscape during DPSC mineralization with increasing enrichment in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was identified as the key m6A player, and METTL3 knockdown disrupted functional DPSC differentiation. Moreover, METTL3 overexpression enhanced DPSC mineralization. Increasing m6A deposition in the 3' UTR restricted NOG expression, which is required for DPSC mineralization. This stage-specific m6A methylation and destabilization of NOG was suppressed by METTL3 knockdown only in differentiated DPSCs. Furthermore, METTL3 promotes the degradation of m6A-tagged NOG by shortening the poly(A) tail length in the differentiated stage. CONCLUSIONS Our results address an essential role of dynamic m6A signaling in the temporal control of DPSC differentiation and provide new insight into epitranscriptomic mechanisms in stem cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Luo
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Yachuan Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Junrong Wu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
| | - Longquan Shao
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, 366 Jiangnan Avenue South, Guangzhou, 510280 China
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Epigenetic Regulation of Methylation in Determining the Fate of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5015856. [PMID: 36187229 PMCID: PMC9522499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are crucial in tooth development and periodontal health, and their multipotential differentiation and self-renewal ability play a critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Methylation modifications could promote the appropriate biological behavior by postsynthetic modification of DNA or protein and make the organism adapt to developmental and environmental prompts by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Methylation modifications involved in DMSC fate include DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications, which have been proven to exert a significant effect on the regulation of the fate of DMSCs, such as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Understanding the regulation of methylation modifications on the behavior and the immunoinflammatory responses involved in DMSCs contributes to further study of the mechanism of methylation on tissue regeneration and inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize the key functions of histone methylation, RNA methylation, and DNA methylation in the differentiation potential and self-renewal of DMSCs as well as the opportunities and challenges for their application in tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
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12
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DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Dental-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2797-2816. [PMID: 35896859 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), a kind of multipotent cells derived from dental tissues, are impactful in regenerative medicine. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a major role in DMSCs. Therefore, exploring how epigenetic regulation is involved in DMSCs may be of guiding significance for tissue repair and regeneration or for exploring more effective treatments. A number of research of ncRNAs in DMSCs have been reported. However, little is known about the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in DMSCs. In this review, we summarize the important roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications of the fate of DMSCs.
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13
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Yu F, Li F, Zheng L, Ye L. Epigenetic controls of Sonic hedgehog guarantee fidelity of epithelial adult stem cells trajectory in regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4977. [PMID: 35867784 PMCID: PMC9307244 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Given that adult stem cells (ASCs) fuel homeostasis and healing by providing tissue-specific descendants, the fidelity of ASC fate determination is crucial for regeneration. Here, we established that an epigenetic control of epithelial ASC fate fidelity via Ezh2/H3K27me3 was indispensable for incisor homeostasis and regeneration. Mechanistically, in homeostasis, H3K27me3 upstream occupies the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) promoter to directly restrain Shh expression, thereby precisely confining Shh expression. When injury occurred, Ezh2/H3K27me3 was substantially induced within inner enamel epithelium and preameloblast zones, and such epigenetic response guaranteed the fidelity of ASC commitment via pulling injury-increased Shh back to homeostatic levels, utterly underlying regeneration progression. Once losing H3K27me3-dependent restriction of Shh expression through the Cre-Loxp system totally disrupted lineage commitment and stemness exhaustion, and abolished hard tissue regeneration emerged in vivo. We next uncovered the molecular mechanisms by which injury-induced Ezh2 mediated the spatiotemporal dynamics of H3K27me3 to repress Shh expression, thus epigenetically deciding ASC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Metabolic Remodeling Impacts the Epigenetic Landscape of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3490433. [PMID: 35422867 PMCID: PMC9005295 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3490433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation can dynamically adjust the gene expression program of cell fate decision according to the cellular microenvironment. Emerging studies have shown that metabolic activities provide fundamental components for epigenetic modifications and these metabolic-sensitive epigenetic events dramatically impact the cellular function of stem cells. Dental mesenchymal stem cells are promising adult stem cell resource for in situ injury repair and tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the impact of metabolic fluctuations on epigenetic modifications in the oral and maxillofacial regions. The principles of the metabolic link to epigenetic modifications and the interaction between metabolite substrates and canonical epigenetic events in dental mesenchymal stem cells are summarized. The coordination between metabolic pathways and epigenetic events plays an important role in cellular progresses including differentiation, inflammatory responses, and aging. The metabolic-epigenetic network is critical for expanding our current understanding of tissue homeostasis and cell fate decision and for guiding potential therapeutic approaches in dental regeneration and infectious diseases.
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15
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Zeng K, Li W, Kang Q, Li Y, Cheng Q, Xia W. miR-342-5p inhibits odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via targeting Wnt7b. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35322903 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) constitute a promising source of stem cells in tissue engineering. However, the molecular mechanism of differentiation in hDPSCs remains largely unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in lineage-specific differentiation of stem cells. The present study investigated the function of miRNA-342-5p in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. METHODS The miRNA array profiling and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression of miR-342-5p during odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. hDPSCs were treated with miR-342-5p mimic and inhibitor to investigate the regulatory roles of miR-342-5p in the differentiation of hDPSCs. Moreover, miR-342-5p inhibitor and small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting Wnt7b were applied to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-342-5p. RESULTS Downregulated miR-342-5p was observed during odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The overexpression of miR-342-5p inhibited the odonto/osteogenic potential of DPSCs, as indicated by low levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition formation, and odonto/osteogenic differentiation markers, whereas silencing of miR-342-5p exhibited the opposite effect. When co-treated with siRNA targeting Wnt7b and miR-342-5p inhibitor in hDPSCs, the odonto/osteogenic potential and activation of Wnt7b/β-catenin pathway were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that miR-342-5p inhibits the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting Wnt7b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrui Zeng
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyi Kang
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of stomatology, The affiliated Jiangyin People's Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwei Xia
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Pei D, Li A. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Stem Cells Derived From Dental Tissues. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.807046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental tissues (DSCs) exhibit multipotent regenerative potential in pioneering tissue engineering regimens. The multipotency of DSCs is critically regulated by an intricate range of factors, of which the epigenetic influence is considered vital. To gain a better understanding of how epigenetic alterations are involved in the DSC fate determination, the present review overviews the current knowledge relating to DSC epigenetic modifications, paying special attention to the landscape of epigenetic modifying agents as well as the related signaling pathways in DSC regulation. In addition, insights into the future opportunities of epigenetic targeted therapies mediated by DSCs are discussed to hold promise for the novel therapeutic interventions in future translational medicine.
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17
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Cao YC, Shan SK, Guo B, Li CC, Li FXZ, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Wang Y, Lei LM, Tang KX, Ou-Yang WL, Duan JY, Wu YY, Ullah MHE, Zhou ZA, Xu F, Lin X, Wu F, Liao XB, Yuan LQ. Histone Lysine Methylation Modification and Its Role in Vascular Calcification. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:863708. [PMID: 35784574 PMCID: PMC9243330 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.863708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation is an epigenetic change mediated by histone methyltransferase, and has been connected to the beginning and progression of several diseases. The most common ailments that affect the elderly are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders. They are the leading causes of death, and their incidence is linked to vascular calcification (VC). The key mechanism of VC is the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like phenotypes, which is a highly adjustable process involving a variety of complex pathophysiological processes, such as metabolic abnormalities, apoptosis, oxidative stress and signalling pathways. Many researchers have investigated the mechanism of VC and related targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Their findings revealed that histone lysine methylation modification may play a key role in the various stages of VC. As a result, a thorough examination of the role and mechanism of lysine methylation modification in physiological and pathological states is critical, not only for identifying specific molecular markers of VC and new therapeutic targets, but also for directing the development of new related drugs. Finally, we provide this review to discover the association between histone methylation modification and VC, as well as diverse approaches with which to investigate the pathophysiology of VC and prospective treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Chi Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Chun Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Min Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke-Xin Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yue Duan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Yun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnain Ehsan Ullah
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Ang Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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18
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Plant-Derived Chinese Medicine Monomers on Ovarian Cancer via the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: Review of Mechanisms and Prospects. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6852867. [PMID: 34912456 PMCID: PMC8668291 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6852867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. The progression and metastasis of OC are complex and involve multiple signaling pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to OC, and therefore blocking the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly or inhibiting related genes, and molecular targets is of great value in treating OC. Toxicities such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm are the major side effects for common anticancer drugs and are well documented. There is, therefore, a need to develop new, effective, safer, and more affordable anticancer drugs from alternative sources. In recent years, plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers have drawn increasing attention due to their high safety, low toxicity, minimal side effects, and antitumor effects. Plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers are effective against multiple targets and can regulate the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of OC as well as reverse drug resistance by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize and provide mechanisms and prospects for the use of plant-derived Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of OC.
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19
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KMT2D deficiency disturbs the proliferation and cell cycle activity of dental epithelial cell line (LS8) partially via Wnt signaling. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:230093. [PMID: 34724040 PMCID: PMC8607332 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), as one of the key histone methyltransferases responsible for histone 3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me), has been proved to be the main pathogenic gene of Kabuki syndrome disease. Kabuki patients with KMT2D mutation frequently present various dental abnormalities, including abnormal tooth number and crown morphology. However, the exact function of KMT2D in tooth development remains unclear. In this report, we systematically elucidate the expression pattern of KMT2D in early tooth development and outline the molecular mechanism of KMT2D in dental epithelial cell line. KMT2D and H3K4me mainly expressed in enamel organ and Kmt2d knockdown led to the reduction in cell proliferation activity and cell cycling activity in dental epithelial cell line (LS8). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis screened out several important pathways affected by Kmt2d knockdown including Wnt signaling. Consistently, Top/Fop assay confirmed the reduction in Wnt signaling activity in Kmt2d knockdown cells. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin was significantly reduced by Kmt2d knockdown, while lithium chloride (LiCl) partially reversed this phenomenon. Moreover, LiCl partially reversed the decrease in cell proliferation activity and G1 arrest, and the down-regulation of Wnt-related genes in Kmt2d knockdown cells. In summary, the present study uncovered a pivotal role of histone methyltransferase KMT2D in dental epithelium proliferation and cell cycle homeostasis partially through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The findings are important for understanding the role of KMT2D and histone methylation in tooth development.
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20
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Liu Y, Gan L, Cui DX, Yu SH, Pan Y, Zheng LW, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1647-1666. [PMID: 34909116 PMCID: PMC8641018 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin–pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin–pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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21
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Kobayashi Y, Quispe-Salcedo A, Bodas S, Matsumura S, Li E, Johnson R, Choudhury M, Fine DH, Nadimpalli S, Duncan HF, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Shimizu E. Ezh2 knockout in mesenchymal cells causes enamel hyper-mineralization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 567:72-78. [PMID: 34144503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic core of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which primarily methylates lysine 27 on histone H3 (H2K27me3), generating transcriptionally suppressed heterochromatin. Since EZH2 suppresses expression of genes involved in dentin formation, we examined the role of EZH2 in tooth development. Intriguingly, microCT analysis of teeth from mice with conditional Ezh2 knockout in uncommitted mesenchymal cells showed hyper-mineralization of enamel, which is produced by the epithelial-lineage cells, ameloblasts. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and nano-indentation of the incisor enamel from knockout mice revealed smaller inter-rod spaces and higher hardness compared to wild type enamel, respectively. Interestingly, expression of the calcium channel subunit gene, Orai2, was decreased compared to its competitor, Orai1, both in knockout mouse incisors and the ex vivo culture of ameloblasts with the surrounding tissues under EZH2 inhibition. Moreover, histological analysis of incisor from knockout mice showed decreased ameloblastin and expedited KLK4 expression in the ameloblasts. These observations suggest that EZH2 depletion in dental mesenchymal cells reduces enamel matrix formation and increases enamel protease activity from ameloblasts, resulting in enamel hyper-mineralization. This study demonstrates the significant role of the suppressive H3K27me3 mark for heterochromatin on enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sanika Bodas
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA
| | | | - Erhao Li
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc, PA, USA
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
| | - Marwa Choudhury
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel H Fine
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA
| | - Siva Nadimpalli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, NJ, USA.
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22
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Yu D, Zhu Z, Wang M, Ding X, Gui H, Ma J, Yan Y, Li G, Xu Q, Wang W, Mao C. Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis by modulating Ezh2 phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113691. [PMID: 33321190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex cornuta Lindl. et Paxt. (Aquifoliaceae family) belongs to the Ilex genus. The leaves of this plant are used for the popular herbal tea "Ku-Ding-Cha" in China due to their health benefits for sore throat, obesity and hypertension. Our previous studies have shown that the extract of Ilex cornuta root exerts cardioprotective effects in rat models of myocardial ischaemic injury, and several new kinds of triterpenoid saponins from Ilex cornuta (TSIC) have protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte injury. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to clarify the underlying mechanisms by which TSIC protect against H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS An H2O2-treated H9c2 cardiomyocyte line was used as an in vitro model of oxidation-damaged cardiomyocytes to evaluate the effects of TSIC. Apoptosis was detected with CCK-8 and annexin V assays and via analysis of the levels of apoptosis-associated proteins or genes. The underlying mechanisms related to Akt signalling, Ezh2 expression and activity, and ROS were clarified by Western blotting, quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and rescue experiments. RESULTS TSIC protected H9c2 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis. This effect of TSIC was attributable to inhibition of Ezh2 activity, as exhibited by attenuation of H2O2-induced Akt signalling-dependent phosphorylation of Ezh2 at serine 21 (pEzh2S21) upon TSIC pretreatment. In addition, feedback pathway between Akt-dependent Ezh2 phosphorylation and ROS was involved in TSIC-mediated protection of H9c2 cells from apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a pivotal role of the pEzh2S21 network in TSIC-mediated protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, potentially providing evidence of the mechanism of TSIC in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zengyan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Huan Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yinghui Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Chenmei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Deng Z, Yan W, Dai X, Chen M, Qu Q, Wu B, Zhao W. N-Cadherin Regulates the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells via β-Catenin Activity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661116. [PMID: 33859987 PMCID: PMC8042212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has shown new prospects in dental pulp regeneration, and is of great significance in the treatment of pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The fate and regenerative potential of stem cells are dependent, to a great extent, on their microenvironment, which is composed of various tissue components, cell populations, and soluble factors. N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interaction has been implicated as an important factor in controlling the cell-fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of N-cadherin on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and the potential underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo, was investigated using a cell culture model and a subcutaneous transplantation mouse model. It was found that the expression of N-cadherin was reversely related to the expression of odontogenic markers (dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP, and runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) during the differentiation process of DPSCs. Specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of N-cadherin expression in DPSCs significantly increased the expression of DSPP and Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the formation of mineralized nodules. Notably, N-cadherin silencing promoted nucleus translocation and accumulation of β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin by a specific inhibitor XAV939, reversed the facilitating effects of N-cadherin downregulation on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, knockdown of N-cadherin promoted the formation of odontoblast-like cells and collagenous matrix in β-tricalcium phosphate/DPSCs composites transplanted into mice. In conclusion, N-cadherin acted as a negative regulator via regulating β-catenin activity during odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These data may help to guide DPSC behavior by tuning the N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interactions, with implications for pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qu
- Stomatology Healthcare Center, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Cao Y, Li L, Fan Z. The role and mechanisms of polycomb repressive complex 2 on the regulation of osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13032. [PMID: 33759287 PMCID: PMC8088470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts or neurocytes is the key process for treatment of bone‐ or neural tissue‐related diseases which is caused by ageing, fracture, injury, inflammation, etc Polycomb group complexes (PcGs), especially the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), act as pivotal epigenetic regulators by modifying key developmental regulatory genes during stem cells differentiation. In this review, we summarize the core subunits, the variants and the potential functions of PRC2. We also highlight the underlying mechanisms of PRC2 associated with the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells, including its interaction with non‐coding RNAs, histone acetyltransferases, histone demethylase, DNA methyltransferase and polycomb repressive complex 1. This review provided a substantial information of epigenetic regulation mediated by PRC2 which leads to the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Tsinghua University Hospital, Stomatological Disease Prevention and Control Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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The Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Irreversible Pulp Neural Inflammation. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8831948. [PMID: 33777260 PMCID: PMC7968449 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim To identify the critical genetic and epigenetic biomarkers by constructing the long noncoding RNA- (lncRNA-) related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involved in irreversible pulp neural inflammation (pulpitis). Materials and Methods The public datasets regarding irreversible pulpitis were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The differential expression analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DElncRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to explore the biological processes and signaling pathways enriched by DEGs. By performing a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), the significant gene modules in each dataset were identified. Most importantly, DElncRNA-DEmRNA regulatory network and DElncRNA-associated ceRNA network were constructed. A transcription factor- (TF-) DEmRNA network was built to identify the critical TFs involved in pulpitis. Result Two datasets (GSE92681 and GSE77459) were selected for analysis. DEGs involved in pulpitis were significantly enriched in seven signaling pathways (i.e., NOD-like receptor (NLR), Toll-like receptor (TLR), NF-kappa B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), chemokine, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways). The ceRNA regulatory relationships were established consisting of three genes (i.e., LCP1, EZH2, and NR4A1), five miRNAs (i.e., miR-340-5p, miR-4731-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-34a-5p, and miR-766-5p), and three lncRNAs (i.e., XIST, MIR155HG, and LINC00630). Six transcription factors (i.e., GATA2, ETS1, FOXP3, STAT1, FOS, and JUN) were identified to play pivotal roles in pulpitis. Conclusion This paper demonstrates the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of irreversible pulpitis by revealing the ceRNA network. The biomarkers identified could provide research direction for the application of genetically modified stem cells in endodontic regeneration.
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26
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Cheng M, Zhou Q. Targeting EZH2 Ameliorates the LPS-Inhibited PDLSC Osteogenesis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 209:227-235. [PMID: 33461200 DOI: 10.1159/000511702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a histone methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), suppresses osteoblast maturation and is involved in inflammation. However, the role of EZH2 in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under inflammation still needs to be further investigated. This study aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms and explore the function of EZH2 in PDLSC osteogenesis under inflammation. PDLSCs were treated with sh-EZH2, DZNep or DKK1 under inflammation. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and osteogenesis-related protein levels were analyzed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation restrained osteogenic differentiation. Under inflammation, the upregulation of EZH2 suppressed the expression of osteogenic markers, including osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, the activity of ALP, and the accumulation of mineralization through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. EZH2 knockdown inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. These results suggested that LPS-induced overexpression of EZH2 suppressed PDLSC osteogenesis under inflammatory conditions through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings give new insights into the physiological differentiation and pathological inflammation of PDLSC osteogenesis, and provide an underlying therapeutic target for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosha Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Zhang B, Huo S, Cen X, Pan X, Huang X, Zhao Z. circAKT3 positively regulates osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stromal cells via miR-206/CX43 axis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 33298186 PMCID: PMC7726914 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) are promising sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of circAKT3 during osteogenesis of hDPSCs and the underlying mechanisms of its function. Methods We performed circRNA sequencing to investigate the expression profiles of circular RNAs during osteogenesis of hDPSCs. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression pattern of circAKT3 and miR-206 in hDPSCs during osteogenesis. We knocked down circAKT3 and interfered the expression of miR-206 to verify their regulatory role in hDPSC osteogenesis. We detected hDPSCs mineralization by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and used dual-luciferase reporter assay to validate the direct binding between circAKT3 and miR-206. To investigate in vivo mineralization, we performed subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice and used hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results Totally, 86 circRNAs were differentially expressed during hDPSC osteogenesis, in which 29 were downregulated while 57 were upregulated. circAKT3 was upregulated while miR-206 was downregulated during hDPSC osteogenesis. Knockdown of circAKT3 inhibited ALP/ARS staining and expression levels of osteogenic genes. circAKT3 directly interacted with miR-206, and the latter one suppressed osteogenesis of hDPSCs. Silencing miR-206 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of circAKT3 knockdown on osteogenesis. Connexin 43 (CX43), which positively regulates osteogenesis of stem cells, was predicted as a target of miR-206, and overexpression or knockdown of miR-206 could correspondingly decrease and increase the expression of CX43. In vivo study showed knockdown of circAKT3 suppressed the formation of mineralized nodules and expression of osteogenic proteins. Conclusion During osteogenesis of hDPSCs, circAKT3 could function as a positive regulator by directly sponging miR-206 and arresting the inhibitive effect of miR-206 on CX43 expression. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02058-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibei Huo
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8876265. [PMID: 33149742 PMCID: PMC7603635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
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29
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Sui B, Wu D, Xiang L, Fu Y, Kou X, Shi S. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: From Discovery to Clinical Application. J Endod 2020; 46:S46-S55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Qi X, Xiao Q, Sheng R, Jiang S, Yuan Q, Liu W. Endogenous GDF11 regulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11457-11464. [PMID: 32845070 PMCID: PMC7576269 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cell‐based tooth regeneration is the futuristic treatment for missing teeth. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a novel member of the TGF‐beta superfamily, has been reported to play a critical role in regulating stem cell differentiation. However, the role of endogenous GDF11 during dental stem cell differentiation remains unknown. Here, we have shown that GDF11 was highly expressed in dental pulp tissues in both mouse and human. Knockdown of endogenous GDF11 in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) led to comparable proliferation and migration but attenuated odontogenic differentiation as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, transcriptional levels of odontogenic‐related genes were significantly down‐regulated according to real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Mechanistically, we performed RNA sequencing analysis and found that silencing of endogenous GDF11 compromised the process of ossification and osteoblast differentiation, especially down‐regulated transcription expression of Wnt pathway‐specific genes. Immunofluorescence staining also showed diminished β‐catenin expression and nuclei accumulation after knockdown of endogenous GDF11 in hDPSCs. In summary, our results suggested that endogenous GDF11 positively regulate odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs through canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingying Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Yu F, Wu F, Li F, Liao X, Wang Y, Li X, Wang C, Shi Y, Ye L. Wnt7b-induced Sox11 functions enhance self-renewal and osteogenic commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1020-1033. [PMID: 32346881 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a profoundly anabolic regulator of bone, Wnt7b is well acknowledged to enhance osteoblast activities. Here, we report that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are another important population responding to Wnt7b. In this study, we systematically investigated the in vivo role of Wnt7b in BMSCs using transgenic mice, high-throughput RNA-seq, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, and in situ hybridization. These methods led us to uncover that Sox11 is induced via Wnt7b in BMSCs. Colony formation assay, flow cytometry, EdU incorporation labeling, RT-qPCR, and Western blot were conducted to detect the self-renewal capacity of BMSCs. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and ex vivo BMSCs transplantation were utilized to detect the osteogenic ability of BMSCs. ChIP-qPCR, shRNAs, and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Consequently, bone-derived Wnt7b was found to decrease in osteoporosis and elevate in bone fracture healing. During bone fracture healing, Wnt7b was particularly expressed in the mesenchymal cells residing within healing frontiers. RNA-seq data of Wnt7b-overexpressed bones uncovered the significant upregulation of Sox11. Histological results further unveiled that Sox11 is specifically increased in BMSCs. Wnt7b-induced Sox11 was demonstrated to reinforce both self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, Wnt7b activates the Ca2+ -dependent Nfatc1 signaling to directly induce Sox11 transcription, which in turn activates the transcriptions of both proliferation-related transcription factors (Ccnb1 and Sox2) and osteogenesis-related factors (Runx2, Sp7) in BMSCs. It is intriguing that this Wnt7b-Sox11 signaling in BMSCs is β-Catenin-independent. Overall, this study provides brand new insights of Wnt7b in bone formation, namely, Wnt7b can enhance both self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via inducing Sox11. These findings present a new crosstalk between Wnt and Sox signaling in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Endodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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32
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Li X, Wang L, Su Q, Ye L, Zhou X, Song D, Huang D. Highly Proliferative Immortalized Human Dental Pulp Cells Retain the Odontogenic Phenotype when Combined with a Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold and BMP2. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4534128. [PMID: 32148517 PMCID: PMC7044479 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4534128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) play a vital role in dentin formation and reparative dentinogenesis, which indicated their potential application in regenerative medicine. However, HDPCs, which can only be obtained from scarce human pulp tissues, also have a limited lifespan in vitro, and stem cells usually lose their original characteristics over a large number of passages. To overcome these challenges, we successfully immortalized human dental pulp cells using the piggyBac system which was employed to efficiently overexpress the SV40 T-Ag, and we then comprehensively described the cell biological behavior. The immortalized human dental pulp cells (iHDPCs) acquired long-term proliferative activity and expressed most HDPC markers. The iHDPCs maintained multiple differentiation potential and could be induced to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic cells in vitro. We also proved that the iHDPCs gained a stronger ability to migrate than the primary cells, while apoptosis was inhibited. Furthermore, highly proliferative iHDPCs displayed no oncogenicity when subcutaneously implanted into athymic nude mice. Finally, iHDPCs exhibited odontogenic differentiation ability and secreted dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) when combined with a beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in vivo. Conclusively, the established iHDPCs are a valuable resource for mechanistic study of dental pulp cell differentiation and dental pulp injury repair, as well as for applications in tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Yaemkleebbua K, Osathanon T, Nowwarote N, Limjeerajarus CN, Sukarawan W. Analysis of hard tissue regeneration and Wnt signalling in dental pulp tissues after direct pulp capping with different materials. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1605-1616. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yaemkleebbua
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - T. Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research UnitChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - N. Nowwarote
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - C. N. Limjeerajarus
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. Sukarawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
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DLX3 regulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediated histone methylation of DKK4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:171-176. [PMID: 31202458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distal-less homeobox 3 (DLX3) is an important transcription factor involved in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of DLX3 in osteogenic differentiation. METHODS DLX3 overexpression and knockdown in cells were achieved using lentiviruses. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected using alkaline phosphatase expression, alizarin red staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS DLX3 overexpression promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, whereas DLX3 knockdown reduced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. RT-qPCR and Western blotting assays showed that DLX3 modulated osteogenic differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ChIP-qPCR showed that DLX3 knockdown promoted DKK4 expression by decreasing the enrichment of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in the promotor region of DKK4. CONCLUSION Our data implied that DLX3 regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway through histone modification of DKK4 during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Proksch S, Galler KM. Scaffold Materials and Dental Stem Cells in Dental Tissue Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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