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Almejrad L, Almansour A, Bartlett D, Austin R. CAD/CAM leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic for simulation of attrition in human enamel in vitro. Dent Mater 2024; 40:173-178. [PMID: 37951749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate attrition simulation using CAD/CAM leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic antagonists on occlusal vs. buccal enamel. METHODS Three dental materials with known wear rates (resin-modified glass-ionomer, micro-filled, and fine particle composites) validated the wear simulator (CAD/CAM glass-ceramic antagonists, 200 cycles, 80 N load, deionised water irrigation, 0.7 mm sliding movement). Following this, human molars were sectioned into paired occlusal and buccal polished samples (n = 8/gp). Exposed 1.5 mm Ø enamel areas were subjected to attritional wear with and without pre-immersion in citric acid (5 min, 0.3%, pH 3.8). Profilometry measured step-height enamel wear and surface microhardness at different depths was calculated using Vickers indentation at 0.1 N and 0.5 N loads. RESULTS Dental material wear using the CAD/CAM antagonists showed consistency with previous data: mean (SD) resin-modified glass ionomer material loss of 177.77 (16.89) µm vs. 22.15 (1.30) µm fine particle hybrid composite resin wear vs. 13.63 (1.02) µm micro filled composite resin wear (P < 0.001). The coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Following validation, enamel sample wear was significantly increased when attrition was introduced (P < 0.001) independent of buccal vs. occlusal sample location (P < 0.05). Attrition resulted in occlusal wear of 26.1 ± 4.5 µm vs. buccal 26.3 ± 1.2 µm and attrition/erosion resulted in occlusal wear of 26.05 ± 4.46 µm vs. buccal 25.27 ± 1.16 µm. Whereas erosion-alone resulted in occlusal wear of 1.65 ± 0.13 µm and buccal 1.75 ± 0.03 µm. Microhardness testing at different loads revealed significantly greater hardness reductions in occlusal enamel vs. buccal enamel for 0.1 KgF indentations (P < 0.001) whereas in contrast 0.5 KgF indentations showed no differences. SIGNIFICANCE Wear simulation with CAD/CAM glass ceramic antagonists produced consistent wear in dental materials and human enamel, regardless of enamel surface origin. Lighter (0.1 KgF) hardness testing of occlusal vs. buccal origin revealed damage to the mechanical integrity of the superficial worn enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Almejrad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; King Saud University, Collage of Dentistry, Prosthetic Dental Science Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almansour
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; King Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Dentistry, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Bartlett
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rupert Austin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Borg H, Azer SS, El Hadary A, Helaly O, Shoeib A, Hassan M. Evaluation of enamel wear by 3 occlusal splint materials: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:743.e1-743.e6. [PMID: 37743141 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Occlusal devices used to manage bruxism have been commonly fabricated from polymethyl methacrylate with the powder-liquid technique. More recently, Vertex ThermoSens (VTS) and the biocompatible high-performance polymer (BioHPP), an optimized material having polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as its basis, have been used, but little is known about the wear of these materials on human enamel. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess via a mastication simulation test how 3 occlusal device materials affected the wear and roughness of enamel antagonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS A noncontact 3D optical profilometer was used to measure the enamel surface roughness (Ra) against 3 occlusal device materials: vertex regular, VTS, and PEEK high-performance polymer (BioHPP). A dual-axis mastication simulator was used to perform a 2-body wear test on specimens from each group. The test consisted of 10 000 cycles with a 70-N force and 5 to 55 °C thermocycling. Following simulated mastication, the weight of each specimen and the Ra change were compared with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, paired specimens t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and 1-way analysis of variance (α=.05). RESULTS The polyamide group caused the lowest amount of enamel wear (P<.05), while the heat-polymerized acrylic resin group induced the largest amount of enamel wear (P<.05). For polyamide and PEEK, the change in enamel surface roughness exhibited a smooth texture, whereas it found a rougher surface for the heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSIONS According to this study, surface roughness and wear on human enamel were not correlated. PEEK is a promising material for the fabrication of occlusal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Borg
- Assistant Professor of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Alsalam University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shereen S Azer
- Associate Professor and Chair, Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Amany El Hadary
- Professor, Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Adjunct Professor of Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Osama Helaly
- Lecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Shoeib
- Lecturer of Removable Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hassan
- Lecturer of Prosthodontics, Depatrment of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
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Kruzic JJ, Hoffman M, Arsecularatne JA. Fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105574. [PMID: 36473402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human tooth enamel must withstand the cyclic contact forces, wear, and corrosion processes involved with typical oral functions. Furthermore, unlike other human tissues, dental enamel does not have a significant capacity for healing or self-repair and thus the longevity of natural teeth in the oral environment depends to a large degree on the fatigue and wear properties of enamel. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of the fatigue and wear mechanisms of human enamel and how they relate to in vivo observations of tooth damage in the complex oral environment. A key finding of this review is that fatigue and wear processes are closely related. For example, the presence of abrasive wear particles significantly lowers the forces needed to initiate contact fatigue cracking while subsurface fatigue crack propagation drives key delamination wear mechanisms during attrition or attrition-corrosion of enamel. Furthermore, this review seeks to bring a materials science and mechanical engineering perspective to fatigue and wear phenomena. In this regard, we see developing a mechanistic description of fatigue and wear, and understanding the interconnectivity of the processes, as essential for successfully modelling enamel fatigue and wear damage and developing strategies and treatments to improve the longevity of our natural teeth. Furthermore, we anticipate that this review will stimulate ideas for extending the lifetime of the natural tooth structure and will help highlight where our understanding is too limited and where additional research into fatigue and wear of human tooth enamel is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Mark Hoffman
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Arsecularatne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Shin Y, Wada K, Tsuchida Y, Ijbara M, Ikeda M, Takahashi H, Iwamoto T. Wear behavior of materials for additive manufacturing after simulated occlusion of deciduous dentition. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105627. [PMID: 36571853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate wear characteristics of materials for additive manufacturing (AM) after a simulated occlusal test in primary teeth. Wear was simulated by means of impacting - sliding wear testing (ISWT) between specimens prepared from materials for AM against enamel derived from deciduous teeth. METHODS The prepared hemispherical upper specimens were subjected to impacting-sliding wear test (ISWT) machine against the flattened enamel of deciduous molars on lower specimens. The samples were subjected to 20,000 load cycles using a contact force of 30 N between the opposing surfaces under controlled conditions. In the upper specimens, five groups (n=9): four types of additively manufactured materials Dima, Zenith, Detax, Veltz and a deciduous enamel groups were tested in this study. The enamel-to-enamel group was used as the control. Wear characteristics comprised wear surface area, wear depth, wear volumetric loss, and surface roughness were measured with a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data obtained were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test with Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). RESULTS Dima showed significantly higher worn surface area (p = 0.009, 0.001, and < 0.001 for Zenith, Detax, and control enamel, respectively), volumetric loss (p = 0.027, 0.007, and < 0.001 for Zenith, Detax, and control enamel, respectively), and damaged opposing enamel (p = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.01 for Detax, Veltz, and control enamel, respectively). There was no significant difference among the volumetric loss in Zenith and Detax. However, SEM revealed that Zenith showed rough worn surfaces and chipping, Detax showed rather a smooth circular worn surface. The worn area of Veltz was smaller than Detax and Zenith at 5,000 cycles, but higher at 15,000 and 20,000 cycles, and SEM showed detachment. CONCLUSION Wear behavior was different among different materials for AM. In the upper specimens, DM and VZ showed large wear. In the lower specimens, DM caused largest enamel wear and damage. In contrast, ZT and DX showed lower wear and caused less damage to the antagonistic primary enamel. SEM image of ZT showed large losses due to chipping, whereas DX showed the rather smooth. DX was confirmed to have lowest wear and caused least damage to the opposing deciduous enamel, which might be applicable as restorative treatments in deciduous dentition. SIGNIFICANCE Additive manufactured dental materials could be considered as a treatment modality in deciduous teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Kanae Wada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan.
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Digital Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Manhal Ijbara
- Pediatric Dentistry Department, Hail Specialized Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masaomi Ikeda
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Basic Oral Health Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry / Special Needs Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan
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Dorado S, Arias A, Jimenez-Octavio JR. Biomechanical Modelling for Tooth Survival Studies: Mechanical Properties, Loads and Boundary Conditions-A Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7852. [PMID: 36363451 PMCID: PMC9657341 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent biomechanical studies have focused on studying the response of teeth before and after different treatments under functional and parafunctional loads. These studies often involve experimental and/or finite element analysis (FEA). Current loading and boundary conditions may not entirely represent the real condition of the tooth in clinical situations. The importance of homogenizing both sample characterization and boundary conditions definition for future dental biomechanical studies is highlighted. The mechanical properties of dental structural tissues are presented, along with the effect of functional and parafunctional loads and other environmental and biological parameters that may influence tooth survival. A range of values for Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, compressive strength, threshold stress intensity factor and fracture toughness are provided for enamel and dentin; as well as Young's modulus and Poisson ratio for the PDL, trabecular and cortical bone. Angles, loading magnitude and frequency are provided for functional and parafunctional loads. The environmental and physiological conditions (age, gender, tooth, humidity, etc.), that may influence tooth survival are also discussed. Oversimplifications of biomechanical models could end up in results that divert from the natural behavior of teeth. Experimental validation models with close-to-reality boundary conditions should be developed to compare the validity of simplified models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Dorado
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arias
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus R. Jimenez-Octavio
- Instituto de Investigación Tecnológica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería ICAI, Universidad Pontificia Comillas, 28015 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Wang F, Li D, Meng M, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental glass-ceramics. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35473925 PMCID: PMC9044826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wear resistance affects dental ceramics longevity and the functions of the opposing teeth. However, data for the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental ceramics are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of typical dental glass–ceramics. Methods Disk specimens were prepared from lithium disilicate glass–ceramics (LD) and leucite reinforced glass–ceramics (LEU). The disk specimens paired with steatite antagonists were tested in a pin-on-disk tribometer under both wet and dry conditions with 10 N up to 500,000 wear cycles. The wear analysis of glass–ceramics was performed using a 3D profilometer after 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 wear cycles. Wear morphologies were analyzed by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline compositions of specimens stored in a dry environment and subsequently immersed in distilled water for 40 h were separately determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical states of the wear surfaces for LD were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data analysis and multiple pair-wise comparisons of means were performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results LEU in a wet environment exhibited less wear volume loss than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The volume loss of LD in a wet environment was higher than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The wear volumes of steatite antagonists paired with two glass–ceramics under dry conditions were higher than under wet conditions. Conclusions XPS spectra of LD under wet conditions indicated that high wear loss might result from the effect of stress corrosion by water and reaction of water with the ionic-covalent bonds at the crack tip. XPS spectra and SEM images of LD under dry conditions showed a possible formation of tribofilm. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, water was wear-friendly to LEU and all opposing steatites but aggravated wear for LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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House KL, Pan L, O'Carroll DM, Xu S. Applications of scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling in dental research. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12853. [PMID: 35288994 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling for obtaining high-resolution images from top surfaces, cross-sectional surfaces, and even in three dimensions, are becoming increasingly important for imaging and analyzing tooth structures such as enamel and dentin. FIB was originally developed for material research in the semiconductor industry. However, use of SEM/FIB has been growing recently in dental research due to the versatility of dual platform instruments that can be used as a milling device to obtain low-artifact cross-sections of samples combined with high-resolution images. The advent of the SEM/FIB system and accessories may offer access to previously inaccessible length scales for characterizing tooth structures for dental research, opening exciting opportunities to address many central questions in dental research. New discoveries and fundamental breakthroughs in understanding are likely to follow. This review covers the applications, key findings, and future direction of SEM/FIB in dental research in morphology imaging, specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and three-dimensional volume imaging using SEM/FIB tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L House
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Chai H. On the morphology and failure of worn human molar cusps. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 130:105212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aljulayfi I, O'Toole S, Healy M, Sumaidaa S, Ali Z, Bartlett D, Austin R. The interplay of saliva, erosion and attrition on enamel and dentine. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:232-236. [PMID: 35935719 PMCID: PMC9346941 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This investigation aimed to compare the protective role of saliva against erosion and attrition challenges. Method Polished enamel and dentine samples (n = 160) were prepared and randomly assigned to either the saliva or saliva-free group (n = 40 enamel and n = 40 dentine/group). Within each subgroup, they were allocated to four subgroups: negative control (deionized water exposure 10 min), erosion (0.3% citric acid 10 min), attrition (120 S of 300 g force), or combined erosion/attrition (0.3% citric acid 10 min then 120 S of 300 g force). Experimental cycles were repeated three times. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) of step heights produced by the attrition and erosion/attrition groups in enamel in the saliva-free group were 5.6 µm (2.4) and 13.4 µm (2.8), respectively, while they were 2.4 µm (3.8) and 12.9 µm (3.5) in the saliva group, with no significant difference between the saliva and saliva-free groups. For dentine, the corresponding step heights were 25.2 µm (5.5) and 35.9 µm (7.9) for the saliva-free group, but 21.8 µm (5.3) and 27.3 µm (6.4) for the saliva group (p < 0.001). Conclusion There was a trend that saliva decreased wear, but this was only statistically significant for erosion/attrition dentine wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Aljulayfi
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Dentistry, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author at: Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Dentistry, Alkharj, 16245, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S. O'Toole
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - M. Healy
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - S. Sumaidaa
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Z. Ali
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - D. Bartlett
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - R. Austin
- Centre for Clinical Oral and Translational Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Radafshar G, Khaghani F, Rahimpoor S, Shad A. Long-term stability of retreated defective restorations in patients with vertical food impaction. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24:329-333. [PMID: 32831505 PMCID: PMC7418545 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_585_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vertical food impaction (VFI) is a common complaint among patients receiving interproximal restorations. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding outcomes of treating defective restorations with VFI. This study sought to determine 10-year stability of retreated defective restorations in patients diagnosed with VFI. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 teeth (75 pair), in 38 patients comprised our study population. All the participants had been diagnosed with VFI due to faulty restorations and treated by means of redoing the restoration to build a stable contact in at least one restored tooth. The criteria for building an optimum dental contact were defined. Demographic characteristics, date and frequency of redoing the restoration, type and material of restoration, number of restored surfaces, occlusal intercuspal relationship, missing adjacent and/or opposing teeth, cemento enamel junction to alveolar crest distance, recurrence of VFI symptoms, recurrent caries, and periapical pathology as well as periodontal variables were recorded. Results: Kaplan–Meier estimator revealed that the mean ± standard deviation of 1, 3, 5, and 10-year stability of reconstructed contacts was 89/2% ± 3/6%, 79/2% ± 5%, 70/7% ± 0/06%, and 66/3% ± 7/1%, respectively. The overall cumulative stability rate was 74/4%. Further analysis predicted that over a 12-year period, restored contacts were stable for 8.86 ± 0.6 years. Cox regression model indicated that having cusp to marginal ridge occlusal relationship (95% confidence interval [CI] for hazard risk (HR) = 1/1–13/9, HR = 3/93), and being over 40 years of age (95% CI for HR = 0/88–17/66, HR = 3/95) were major determinants of contact stability. Conclusions: Long-term stability of retreated and restructured tooth contacts with a history of VFI was 66%–89% in this specific sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golpar Radafshar
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Khaghani
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samar Rahimpoor
- Department of Oral Diseases, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshia Shad
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Sliding contact wear and subsurface damage of CAD/CAM materials against zirconia. Dent Mater 2020; 36:387-401. [PMID: 32007314 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most previous work conducted on the wear behavior of dental materials has focused on wear rates and surface damage. There is, however, scarce information regarding the subsurface damage arising from sliding contact fatigue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the wear mechanisms and the subsurface damage generated during sliding contact fatigue in 5 contemporary CAD/CAM materials against a zirconia indenter. METHODS Forty discs (Ø12mm, 1.55mm thick) were cut out of IPS e.max CAD (e.CAD), Suprinity PC (SUP), Enamic (ENA), Vitablocs Mark II (VMII) and Lava Ultimate (LU) blocks and mirror polished. After cementation onto a dentin-like composite, off-axis mouth-motion cycling was conducted with a spherical zirconia indenter (r=3.18mm) in water (200N load, 2Hz frequency) for 5 different cycling periods (102, 103, 104, 105, 106 cycles, n=8). Analysis of the wear scars was conducted using light-microscopy, scanning-electron-microscopy and optical profilometry. Subsurface damage was assessed using sagittal and transverse sections of the samples. RESULTS Fatigue wear mechanisms predominated in glassy materials (e.CAD, SUP, VMII), accompanied by extensive subsurface damage, whereas abrasive wear mechanisms were responsible for the large wear craters in the resin composite (LU) with an absolute absence of subsurface fracture. A combination of both mechanisms was observed in the polymer-infiltrated reinforced-glass (ENA), displaying large wear craters and severe subsurface damage. SIGNIFICANCE Well-controlled laboratory simulation can identify wear and subsurface damage susceptibility of various classes of restorative materials. Both wear and subsurface fracture are determining factors for the long-term success of restorations.
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Soygun K, Soygun A, Dogan MC. The effect of gastric acid on chitosan modified glass ionomer cement: SEM-EDS. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:3-9. [PMID: 31603592 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to examine the elements that passed into the gastric acid solution after the application of a gastric acid erosive cycle to chitosan modified glass ionomer cement (GIC). Chitosan modified GIC samples were obtained by adding chitosan (vol/vol) of 5 and 10% to GIC for the experimental groups. These two experimental groups and a control group were subjected to gastric acid erosive treatment for 60 s six times a day for 10 days. The sample surfaces were coated with approximately 1 nm of gold to increase conductivity with the Q 150R ES device (Quorum Technologies, East Sussex, England). Surface topography images were obtained with a SEM. Besides, EDS analysis was also determined the number of elements graphically in the region where the fast electron beam hit. In the samples examined, the amount of element was determined. After gastric acid application, cracks and voids were observed on the surfaces of the samples. In the EDS analysis of the 5 and 10% chitosan modified GIC and control groups, Si, Al, Na, and F was found. It is necessary to investigate the antibacterial properties and physical properties of chitosan modified glass ionomer-free elements and fluorine ions using advanced techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Soygun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Arzu Soygun
- Fatma Kemal Timucin Dental Health Hospital, Ministry of Health, Adana, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Cem Dogan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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13
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In vitro longitudinal evaluation of enamel wear by cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. Dent Mater 2019; 35:1464-1470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Wetselaar P, Svensson P, Lobbezoo F. The bruxism construct: From cut‐off points to a continuum spectrum. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 46:991-997. [DOI: 10.1111/joor.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, School of Dentistry University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Jari Ahlberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Peter Wetselaar
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Peter Svensson
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON) Aarhus Denmark
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Wear and damage at the bonded interface between tooth enamel and resin composite. J Dent 2019; 83:40-49. [PMID: 30797040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the wear mechanisms and evolution of damage in tooth enamel-resin composite bonded interfaces caused by sliding contact, and to develop an understanding of interface degradation from a tribological viewpoint that supports clinical recommendations for improving interface integrity. METHODS Reciprocating wear tests were performed on bonded interface samples involving commercial resin composite (Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill), resin cement (Rely X U200) and tooth enamel using the ball-on-flat configuration. The bonded samples were subjected up to 5 × 104 cycles of sliding contact, and the wear depth and wear track morphology were characterized after increments using white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Optical microscopy was also used to evaluate cracks and their propagation in the samples. RESULTS In the early stages of sliding contact, wear evolved most rapidly at the interface, followed by the enamel and the resin composite. Gradually, the difference between the wear depth at the interface and other areas decreased. Furthermore, cracks and brittle fracture appeared in the enamel during the early stages of wear, adjacent to the interface. With continuing cyclic loading, enamel wear manifested primarily as ploughs, with discontinuous pits and peeled material. Cracking decreased to only a few cracks extending to the inner enamel and parallel to the interface. CONCLUSIONS Cracking and damage occurred in the enamel during the early stages of sliding contact and accelerated by poor margin finishing. Cracks caused by wear under sliding contact could be one of the reasons for secondary caries and tooth discoloration.
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Kruzic JJ, Arsecularatne JA, Tanaka CB, Hoffman MJ, Cesar PF. Recent advances in understanding the fatigue and wear behavior of dental composites and ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:504-533. [PMID: 30223214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dental composite and ceramic restorative materials are designed to closely mimic the aesthetics and function of natural tooth tissue, and their longevity in the oral environment depends to a large degree on their fatigue and wear properties. The purpose of this review is to highlight some recent advances in our understanding of fatigue and wear mechanisms, and how they contribute to restoration failures in the complex oral environment. Overall, fatigue and wear processes are found to be closely related, with wear of dental ceramic occlusal surfaces providing initiation sites for fatigue failures, and subsurface fatigue crack propagation driving key wear mechanisms for composites, ceramics, and enamel. Furthermore, both fatigue and wear of composite restorations may be important in enabling secondary caries formation, which is the leading cause of composite restoration failures. Overall, developing a mechanistic description of fatigue, wear, and secondary caries formation, along with understanding the interconnectivity of all three processes, are together seen as essential keys to successfully using in vitro studies to predict in vivo outcomes and develop improved dental restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Hoffman
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paulo F Cesar
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pokhojaev A, Habashi W, May H, Schulz-Kornas E, Shvalb N, Sarig R. Examination of the Interproximal Wear Mechanism: Facet Morphology and Surface Texture Analysis. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1445-1451. [PMID: 29969954 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518785140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentition is considered a dynamic system with forces that directly affect dental treatment stability and success. Understanding the biomechanical forces that influence tooth alignment is essential for both planning and performing dental treatments, as well as for anthropological and evolutionary studies. While there is currently an abundance of research on the mechanics of dental wear at the occlusal surface, the mechanics of interproximal dental wear is largely unexplored. The fretting mechanism, a wear process resulting from small-amplitude cyclic motion of 2 solid contacting surfaces, was refuted as a possible mechanism for occlusal wear but has never been considered for interproximal wear. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to reveal the biomechanical process of the interproximal wear and to explore whether the fretting mechanism could be associated with this process. Premolar teeth with interproximal wear facets were examined by 3-dimensional surface texture analysis using a high-resolution confocal disc-scanning measuring system. The unique texture topography of 3 areas in the proximal surface of each tooth was analyzed by applying 3D dental surface texture analysis. Each area showed unique texture characteristics, presenting statistically significant differences between the inner area of the facet and its margins or the surface outside the facets borders. Based on these results, we concluded that fretting is a key mechanism involved in interproximal wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pokhojaev
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,2 Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - W Habashi
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H May
- 2 Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Schulz-Kornas
- 4 Max Planck Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Shvalb
- 5 Department of Industrial Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - R Sarig
- 1 Department of Oral Biology, Department of Orthodontic, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 Shmunis Family Anthropology Institute, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory Research, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Kim SH, Park YS, Kim MK, Kim S, Lee SP. Methods for quantitative measurement of tooth wear using the area and volume of virtual model cusps. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2018; 48:124-134. [PMID: 29770241 PMCID: PMC5944223 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.2.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Clinicians must examine tooth wear to make a proper diagnosis. However, qualitative methods of measuring tooth wear have many disadvantages. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate quantitative parameters using the cusp area and volume of virtual dental models. Methods The subjects of this study were the same virtual models that were used in our former study. The same age group classification and new tooth wear index (NTWI) scoring system were also reused. A virtual occlusal plane was generated with the highest cusp points and lowered vertically from 0.2 to 0.8 mm to create offset planes. The area and volume of each cusp was then measured and added together. In addition to the former analysis, the differential features of each cusp were analyzed. Results The scores of the new parameters differentiated the age and NTWI groups better than those analyzed in the former study. The Spearman ρ coefficients between the total area and the area of each cusp also showed higher scores at the levels of 0.6 mm (0.6A) and 0.8A. The mesiolingual cusp (MLC) showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.01) from the other cusps in the paired t-test. Additionally, the MLC exhibited the highest percentage of change at 0.6A in some age and NTWI groups. Regarding the age groups, the MLC showed the highest score in groups 1 and 2. For the NTWI groups, the MLC was not significantly different in groups 3 and 4. These results support the proposal that the lingual cusp exhibits rapid wear because it serves as a functional cusp. Conclusions Although this study has limitations due to its cross-sectional nature, it suggests better quantitative parameters and analytical tools for the characteristics of cusp wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sulhee Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Xu Z, Yu P, Arola DD, Min J, Gao S. A comparative study on the wear behavior of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material and tooth enamel. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1351-1361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Watson JT, Haas R. Dental evidence for wild tuber processing among Titicaca Basin foragers 7000 ybp. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 164:117-130. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Watson
- Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
- School of Anthropology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Randall Haas
- Department of Anthropology; University of California; Davis California 95616
- Collasuyo Archaeological Research Institute; Puno Peru
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Heikkinen T, Rusanen J, Sato K, Pesonen P, Harila V, Alvesalo L. Childhood intelligence and early tooth wear patterns. Cranio 2017; 36:128-136. [PMID: 28219251 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1287551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the relationships between early dental wear patterns and preschool IQ (Intelligence Quotient, by Stanford-Binet) of the child to illuminate the historic relationship of mental queries and bruxism. METHODS The dental study participants were 864 Euro-American preschool and school children whose IQs were tested for school maturity purposes at the age of 4 years, followed by dental data in a cross-sectional manner at the mean age of 7.8 years. Worn dentitions were classified as "symmetric" or "right-" and "left-sided," based on the faceting of the teeth. RESULTS In general, the relationships of tooth wear and intelligence were scarce, reflecting social background factors. Statistically significant results between asymmetric wear and gender groups suggest that direction of jaw function has a role in the regulation of processes responsible for individual mental performance in childhood. DISCUSSION Increased left-side tooth wear and early advantage in the intelligence test in girls is intriguing due to the fact that they reach maturity earlier than boys in verbal articulation, controlled in most cases by the limited area on the left side of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Heikkinen
- a Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences , Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Jaana Rusanen
- a Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences , Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Koshi Sato
- b Graduate School of Dentistry , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Paula Pesonen
- a Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences , Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Virpi Harila
- a Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences , Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Lassi Alvesalo
- a Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, Unit of Oral Health Sciences , Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
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Sivertsen TB, Aßmus J, Greve G, Åstrøm AN, Skeie MS. Oral health among children with congenital heart defects in Western Norway. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:397-406. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zheng J, Zeng Y, Wen J, Zheng L, Zhou Z. Impact wear behavior of human tooth enamel under simulated chewing conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Galo R, Contente MMMG, Galafassi D, Borsatto MC. Hardness and modulus of elasticity of primary and permanent teeth after wear against different dental materials. Eur J Dent 2016; 9:587-593. [PMID: 26929700 PMCID: PMC4745243 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.172635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the Young's modulus and the hardness of deciduous and permanent teeth following wear challenges using different dental materials. Materials and Methods: Wear challenges were performed against four dental materials: A resin-based fissure sealant (Fluoroshield®), a glass ionomer based fissure sealant (Vitremer®), and two microhybrid composite resins (Filtek Z250 and P90®). Using the pin-on-plate design, a deciduous or a permanent tooth was made into a pin (4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm) working at a 3 N vertical load, 1 Hz frequency, and 900 cycles (15 min) with Fusayama artificial saliva as a lubricant. Before and after the tribological tests, the hardness and elasticity modulus of the tooth samples were measured by creating a nanoindentation at load forces up to 50 mN and 150 mN. All of the results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan's tests (P < 0.05). Results: No difference in hardness was encountered between deciduous and permanent teeth (P < 0.05) or modulus of elasticity (P < 0.05) before or after the wear challenges for all of the dental materials tested. Conclusions: Wear challenges against the studied dental materials did not alter the properties of permanent or deciduous teeth after the application of a 3 N load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Galo
- Departament of Dentistry, Federal University of Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, 39100-000, Brasil
| | | | - Daniel Galafassi
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borsatto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
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Antonelli T, Leischner C, Ososky J, Hartstone-Rose A. The effect of captivity on the oral health of the critically endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). CAN J ZOOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes (Audubon and Bachman, 1851)), a North American species of mustelid, faced near extinction after westward expansion during the 20th century destroyed a majority of the population of prairie dogs (genus Cynomys Rafinesque, 1817), their primary food source. Fearing extinction of the black-footed ferret, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service captured the entire population between 1985 and 1987 and began a captive breeding program. While in captivity, the fertility and genetic diversity of the species was closely monitored; however, there is little information about other health consequences of this breeding program. For instance, the black-footed ferrets have been fed a diet that is very different than what they consume in the wild. How did the composition of this diet affect the oral health of these animals? An analysis of dentition of wild and captive black-footed ferrets reveals that calculus accumulation and periodontal diseases occurred with greater severity in captive black-footed ferrets, suggesting that such oral pathologies arose from the unnaturally soft diet fed to them. These findings offer insight into how mechanical properties of diet can affect oral health and how these dietary properties should be considered, not only in regard to the health of black-footed ferrets but also to the health of all mammals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.S. Antonelli
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, CBA Building 1, Room C-36, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - C.L. Leischner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, CBA Building 1, Room C-36, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - J.J. Ososky
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 108, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
| | - A. Hartstone-Rose
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, CBA Building 1, Room C-36, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Daou EE. Esthetic Prosthetic Restorations: Reliability and Effects on Antagonist Dentition. Open Dent J 2015; 9:473-81. [PMID: 26962376 PMCID: PMC4768664 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601509010473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in ceramics have greatly improved the functional and esthetic properties of restorative materials. New materials offer an esthetic and functional oral rehabilitation, however their impact on opposing teeth is not welldocumented. Peer-reviewed articles published till December 2014 were identified through Pubmed (Medline and Elsevier). Scientifically, there are several methods of measuring the wear process of natural dentition which enhances the comparison of the complicated results. This paper presents an overview of the newly used prosthetic materials and their implication on antagonist teeth or prostheses, especially emphasizing the behavior of zirconia restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie E Daou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Constantino PJ, Borrero‐Lopez O, Pajares A, Lawn BR. Simulation of enamel wear for reconstruction of diet and feeding behavior in fossil animals: A micromechanics approach. Bioessays 2015; 38:89-99. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Borrero‐Lopez
- Departamento de Ingeniería MecánicaEnergética y de los MaterialesUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain
| | - Antonia Pajares
- Departamento de Ingeniería MecánicaEnergética y de los MaterialesUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajozSpain
| | - Brian R. Lawn
- Materials Measurement LaboratoryNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMDUSA
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Kwek SXR, Mian M, Hall C, Xie Z, Yong R, Kaidonis J, Townsend GC, Ranjitkar S. Nanoscratch testing for the assessment of enamel demineralization under conditions simulating wine erosion. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:12-7. [PMID: 25721274 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erosive tooth wear and dentinal hypersensitivity are common problems affecting professional wine tasters. By using nanoscratch testing, the aim of this in vitro study was to assess enamel softening under conditions simulating 10 one-minute episodes of wine erosion. METHODS Ten enamel specimens were bathed in artificial saliva for 2 hours before being eroded for 10 episodes, with each episode comprising one minute of wine erosion followed by one minute of remineralization in artificial saliva. Nanoscratches were placed with a spherical tip (20 μm radius) in a nanoindenter under a load of 100 mN at baseline (stage 1), after a one-erosion episode (stage 2) and after 10-erosion episodes (stage 3). RESULTS There were significant effects of erosion stages on both scratch depth (p<0.001) and surface roughness (p<0.001). Post hoc tests showed significant differences in both scratch depths and surface roughness between stages 1 and 3 (p<0.001), and between stages 2 and 3 (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Enamel softening occurs at an early stage of wine tasting, emphasizing the need to implement early preventive strategies in professional wine tasters. Further research elucidating the fundamental mechanisms involved in early stages of erosion has the potential to lead to development of more effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X R Kwek
- School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia
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An in vitro study of the wear mechanism of a leucite glass dental ceramic. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsbt.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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32
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Wu YQ, Arsecularatne JA, Hoffman M. Effect of acidity upon attrition-corrosion of human dental enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 44:23-34. [PMID: 25594367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Attrition-corrosion is a synthesized human enamel wear process combined mechanical effects (attrition) with corrosion. With the rising consumption of acidic food and beverages, attrition-corrosion is becoming increasingly common. Yet, research is limited and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, in vitro wear loss of human enamel was investigated and the attrition-corrosion process and wear mechanism were elucidated by the analysis of the wear scar and its subsurface using focused ion beam (FIB) sectioning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human enamel flat-surface samples were prepared with enamel cusps as the wear antagonists. Reciprocating wear testing was undertaken under load of 5N at the speed of 66 cycle/min for 2250 cycles with lubricants including citric acid (at pH 3.2 and 5.5), acetic acid (at pH 3.2 and 5.5) and distilled water. All lubricants were used at 37°C. Similar human enamel flat-surface samples were also exposed to the same solutions as a control group. The substance loss of enamel during wear can be linked to the corrosion potential of a lubricant used. Using a lubricant with very low corrosion potential (such as distilled water), the wear mechanism was dominated by delamination with high wear loss. Conversely, the wear mechanism changed to shaving of the softened layer with less material loss in an environment with medium corrosion potential such as citric acid at pH 3.2 and 5.5 and acetic acid at pH 5.5. However, a highly corrosive environment (e.g., acetic acid at pH 3.2) caused the greatest loss of substance during wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Qi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | | | - Mark Hoffman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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33
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Lee A, Swain M, He L, Lyons K. Wear behavior of human enamel against lithium disilicate glass ceramic and type III gold. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:1399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Al-Salehi SK. Restorative Management of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Dental Erosion. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13191-013-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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35
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Borrero-Lopez O, Pajares A, Constantino PJ, Lawn BR. A model for predicting wear rates in tooth enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 37:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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37
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Griffin MC. Biocultural implications of oral pathology in an ancient Central California population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 154:171-88. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Griffin
- Department of Anthropology; San Francisco State University; 1600 Holloway Avenue San Francisco CA 94132
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38
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Using bearing area parameters to quantify early erosive tooth surface changes in enamel: A pilot study. J Dent 2013; 41:1060-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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39
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Kim MJ, Oh SH, Kim JH, Ju SW, Seo DG, Jun SH, Ahn JS, Ryu JJ. Wear evaluation of the human enamel opposing different Y-TZP dental ceramics and other porcelains. J Dent 2012; 40:979-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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40
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ten Berge F, te Poel J, Ranjitkar S, Kaidonis JA, Lobbezoo F, Hughes TE, Townsend GC. Determining the direction of tooth grinding: an in vitro study. J Oral Rehabil 2012; 39:576-83. [PMID: 22506904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of microwear patterns, including scratch types and widths, has enabled reconstruction of the dietary habits and lifestyles of prehistoric and modern humans. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether an assessment of microwear features of experimental scratches placed on enamel, perpendicularly to the direction of grinding, could predict the grinding direction. Experimental scratches were placed using a scalpel blade on standardised wear facets that had been prepared by wearing opposing enamel surfaces in an electromechanical tooth wear machine. These control 'baseline' facets (with unworn experimental scratches) were subjected to 50 wear cycles, so that differential microwear could be observed on the leading and trailing edges of the 'final' facets. In Group 1 (n=28), the 'footprint' microwear patterns corresponding to the known grinding direction of specimens in the tooth wear machine were identified. Then, they were used to predict the direction of tooth grinding blindly in the same sample after a 2-week intermission period. To avoid overfitting the predictive model, its sensitivity was also cross-validated in a new sample (Group 2, n=14). A crescent-shaped characteristic observed in most experimental scratches matched the grinding direction on all occasions. The best predictor of the direction of grinding was a combined assessment of the leading edge microwear pattern and the crescent characteristic (82.1% in Group 1 and 92.9% in Group 2). In conclusion, a simple scratch test can determine the direction of tooth grinding with high reliability, although further improvement in sensitivity is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F ten Berge
- Department of Oral Kinesiology, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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d’Incau E, Couture C, Maureille B. Human tooth wear in the past and the present: Tribological mechanisms, scoring systems, dental and skeletal compensations. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:214-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Rodriguez J, Austin R, Bartlett D. In vivo Measurements of Tooth Wear over 12 Months. Caries Res 2012; 46:9-15. [DOI: 10.1159/000334786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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43
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Arsecularatne JA, Hoffman M. Ceramic-like wear behaviour of human dental enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 8:47-57. [PMID: 22402153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of subsurfaces of enamel specimens following in vitro reciprocating wear tests with an enamel cusp sliding on a flat enamel specimen under hydrated conditions. The obtained results show that crack formation occurred in the wear scar subsurface. The path followed by these cracks seems to be dictated either by the histological structure of enamel or by the contact stress field. Moreover, the analysis of a set of enamel wear results obtained from the literature and application of fracture-based models, originally developed for ceramics, correlate well, confirming the similar wear processes taking place in these materials. This analysis also reveals a marked influence of coefficient of friction on the enamel wear rate: for a higher coefficient of friction value, enamel wear can be severe even under forces generated during normal operation of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Arsecularatne
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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44
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Abstract
Tooth wear has been recognised as a major problem in dentistry. Epidemiological studies have reported an increasing prevalence of tooth wear and general dental practitioners see a greater number of patients seeking treatment with worn dentition. Although the dental literature contains numerous publications related to management and rehabilitation of tooth wear of varying aetiologies, our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of tooth wear is still limited. The wear behaviour of dental biomaterials has also been extensively researched to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and for the development of restorative materials with good wear resistance. The complex nature of tooth wear indicates challenges for conducting in vitro and in vivo wear investigations and a clear correlation between in vitro and in vivo data has not been established. The objective was to critically review the peer reviewed English-language literature pertaining to prevalence and aetiology of tooth wear and wear investigations in dentistry identified through a Medline search engine combined with hand-searching of the relevant literature, covering the period between 1960 and 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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45
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Lee SP, Nam SE, Lee YM, Park YS, Hayashi K, Lee JB. The development of quantitative methods using virtual models for the measurement of tooth wear. Clin Anat 2011; 25:347-58. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.21238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Nanofilled and microhybrid composite restorations: Five-year clinical wear performances. Dent Mater 2011; 27:692-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Extramasticatory dental wear reflecting habitual behavior and health in past populations. Clin Oral Investig 2010; 15:681-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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48
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Austin RS, Rodriguez JM, Dunne S, Moazzez R, Bartlett DW. The effect of increasing sodium fluoride concentrations on erosion and attrition of enamel and dentine in vitro. J Dent 2010; 38:782-7. [PMID: 20600557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of an aqueous sodium fluoride solution of increasing concentration on erosion and attrition of enamel and dentine in vitro. METHODS Enamel and dentine sections from caries-free human third molars were polished flat and taped (exposing a 3 mm x 3 mm area) before being randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups per substrate (n=10/gp): G1 (distilled water control); G2 (225 ppm NaF); G3 (1450 ppm NaF); G4 (5000 ppm NaF); G5 (19,000 ppm NaF). All specimens were subjected to 5, 10 and 15 cycles of experimental wear [1 cycle=artificial saliva (2h, pH 7.0)+erosion (0.3% citric acid, pH 3.2, 5 min)+fluoride/control (5 min)+attrition (60 linear strokes in artificial saliva from enamel antagonists loaded to 300 g)]. Following tape removal, step height (SH) in mum was measured using optical profilometry. RESULTS When the number of cycles increased the amount of tooth surface loss increased significantly in enamel and dentine after attrition and erosion and for dentine after attrition. Attrition and erosion resulted in greater surface loss than attrition alone after 15 cycles of experimental wear of enamel. 5000 ppm and 19,000 ppm sodium fluoride solutions had a protective effect on erosive and attritional enamel tooth wear in vitro, however no other groups showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS The more intensive the fluoride regime the more protection was afforded to enamel from attrition and erosion. However, in this study no such protective effect was demonstrated for dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Austin
- Department of Primary Dental Care, King's College London Dental Institute, Caldecot Road, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RW, United Kingdom.
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49
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On the wear mechanism of human dental enamel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2010; 3:347-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Quantifying and qualifying surface changes on dental hard tissues in vitro. J Dent 2010; 38:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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