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Demirel M, Donmez MB. Fabrication trueness and internal fit of different lithium disilicate ceramics according to post-milling firing and material type. J Dent 2024; 144:104987. [PMID: 38580056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether post-milling firing and material type affect the fabrication trueness and internal fit of lithium disilicate crowns. METHODS A prefabricated cobalt chromium abutment was digitized to design a mandibular right first molar crown. This design file was used to fabricate crowns from different lithium disilicate ceramics (nano-lithium disilicate (AM), fully crystallized lithium disilicate (IN), advanced lithium disilicate (TS), and lithium disilicate (EX)) (n = 10). Crowns, the abutment, and the crowns when seated on the abutment were digitized by using an intraoral scanner. Fabrication trueness was assessed by using the root mean square method, while the internal fit was evaluated according to the triple scan method. These processes were repeated after the post-milling firing of AM, TS, and EX. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze the effect of post-milling firing within AM, TS, and EX, while all materials were compared with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Post-milling firing reduced the surface deviations and internal gap of AM and EX (P ≤ 0.014). AM mostly had higher deviations and internal gaps than other materials (P ≤ 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Post-milling firing increased the trueness and internal fit of tested nano-lithium disilicate and lithium disilicate ceramics. Nano-lithium disilicate mostly had lower trueness and higher internal gap; however, the maximum meaningful differences among tested materials were small. Therefore, the adjustment duration and clinical fit of tested crowns may be similar. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tested lithium disilicate ceramics may be suitable alternatives to one another in terms of fabrication trueness and internal fit, considering the small differences in measured deviations and internal gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Demirel
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Omara AA, Othman HI, Aldamaty MF, Metwally MF. Effect of acidic environment on color and translucency of different indirect restorative materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:472. [PMID: 38641578 PMCID: PMC11027526 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric acid on the color and translucency of different indirect restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 disc-shaped samples were cut by using an isomet saw and divided into four equal groups (n = 9) according to the material type: Group Z: translucent zirconia (Ceramill® Zolid ht.+ preshade, Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria); Group E: lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein); Group C: resin nanoceramic (Cerasmart, GC, Tokyo, Japan); Group P: polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (Bettin Zirconia Dentale Italy) veneered with indirect high impact polymer composite (HIPC) (breCAM HIPC, Bredent GmbH & Co. KG, Germany). The samples were immersed in simulated gastric acid (HCl, pH 1.2) for 96 hours at 37 °C in an incubator. The color change (ΔE00) and translucency (RTP00) were measured every 9.6 hours (one-year clinical simulation) of immersion in simulated gastric acid. RESULTS For color change (∆E00) and translucency (RTP00) among the tested materials, there was a highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) after every year of follow-up. The color change in both Z and G groups was the lowest after 1 year of acid immersion, followed by that in group H, and the highest change in color was recorded in group P. CONCLUSION High translucent zirconia is recommended in patients who are concerned about esthetic, especially with acidic oral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz A Omara
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham I Othman
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Aldamaty
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Metwally
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
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Elraggal A, Abdelraheem IM, Watts DC, Roy S, Dommeti VK, Alshabib A, Althakafy K, Afifi RR. Biomechanical reinforcement by CAD-CAM materials affects stress distributions of posterior composite bridges: 3D finite element analysis. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00067-8. [PMID: 38609774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This 3D finite element analysis study aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing CAD-CAM bars on stress distribution in various components of a posterior composite bridge. METHODS A virtual model mimicking the absence of an upper second premolar was created, featuring class II cavity preparations on the proximal surfaces of the adjacent abutment teeth surrounding the edentulous space. Five distinct finite element analysis (FEA) models were generated, each representing a CAD-CAM reinforcing bar material: 3-YTZP (IPS. emax ZirCAD MO; Zr), lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD; EX), nano-hybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs; GB), Fibre-reinforced composite (Trilor; Tri), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A veneering resin composite was employed to simulate the replacement of the missing premolar (pontic). In the FEA, an axial force of 600 N and a transverse load of 20 N were applied at the center of the pontic. Subsequently, maximum von Mises (mvM) and maximum principal stresses (σmax) were computed across various components of the generated models. Additionally, shear stresses at the interface between the CAD-CAM bars and the veneering resin composite were determined. RESULTS CAD-CAM materials with high modulus of elasticity, such as Zr and EX, exhibited the highest mvM stresses and shear stresses while transferring the lowest stress to the veneering resin composite in comparison to other materials. Conversely, PEEK demonstrated the lowest mvM stresses but produced the highest stresses within the veneering resin composite. There was a uniform distribution of mvM stresses in the remaining tooth structure among all groups, except for a noticeable elevation in the molar region of Zr and EX groups. SIGNIFICANCE Reinforcing CAD-CAM bar materials with a high modulus of elasticity, such as Zr and EX, may result in debonding failures at the connector sites of posterior composite bridges. Conversely, GB, PEEK, and Tri have the potential to cause fracture failures at the connectors rather than debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Islam M Abdelraheem
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sandipan Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Dommeti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kahled Althakafy
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Umm Al Qura, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania R Afifi
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hassan A, Hamdi K, Ali AI, Al-Zordk W, Mahmoud SH. Clinical performance comparison between lithium disilicate and hybrid resin nano-ceramic CAD/CAM onlay restorations: a two-year randomized clinical split-mouth study. Odontology 2024; 112:601-615. [PMID: 37542639 PMCID: PMC10925567 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 20 lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) and 20 resin nano-ceramic (Voco Grandio Blocks) onlay restorations were performed in 20 patients using a split-mouth design to compare the two-year clinical performance of lithium disilicate and resin nano-ceramic onlay restorations. Both restorations were evaluated at baseline, one-year, and two-year clinical follow-ups based on the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests showed no statistically significant difference between Voco Grandio and IPS e.max ceramic restorations for all evaluated parameters during the different follow-up periods (p > 0.05). Cochrane's and MC-Nemar's tests indicated statistically significant differences regarding color match within the Voco Grandio group. They also indicated statistically significant differences in marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, surface texture, and postoperative hypersensitivity within both ceramic material groups (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that the survival rate of both ceramic materials was 90%. After two years of clinical service, IPS e.max CAD and Voco Grandio onlay restorations exhibited similar clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hassan
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Kareem Hamdi
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
- Kareem Dental Clinic, El Guesh street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf I Ali
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walid Al-Zordk
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salah Hasab Mahmoud
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Operative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Rabel K, Blankenburg A, Steinberg T, Kohal RJ, Spies BC, Adolfsson E, Witkowski S, Altmann B. Gingival fibroblast response to (hybrid) ceramic implant reconstruction surfaces is modulated by biomaterial type and surface treatment. Dent Mater 2024; 40:689-699. [PMID: 38395737 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Surface characteristics of implant reconstructions determine the gingival fibroblast (GF) response and thus soft tissue integration (STI). However, for monolithic implant reconstructions it is unknown whether the (hybrid) ceramic biomaterial type and its surface treatment affect GF response. Therefore, this investigation examined the influence of the implant reconstruction biomaterials hybrid ceramic (HC), lithium disilicate ceramic (LS), 4 and 5 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconiumdioxide ceramics (4/5Y-PSZ) and their surface treatment - machining, polishing or glazing - on surface characteristics and GF response. METHODS After characterization of surface topography and wettability by scanning electron microscopy, interferometry and contact angle measurement, the adhesion, morphology, metabolic activity and proliferation of GFs from six donors was investigated by fluorescent staining and a resazurin-based assay at days 1, 3 and 7. Titanium (Ti) served as control. RESULTS Biomaterial type and surface treatment affected the GF response in a topography-dependent manner. Smooth polished and glazed surfaces demonstrated enhanced GF adhesion and earlier proliferation onset compared to rough machined surfaces. Due to minor differences in surface topography of polished and glazed surfaces, however, the GF response was similar for polished and glazed HC, LS, 4- and 5Y-PSZ as well as Ti. SIGNIFICANCE Within the limits of the present investigation, polishing and glazing of machined HC, LS and 4/5Y-PSZ can be recommended to support STI-relevant cell functions in GF. Since the GF response on polished and glazed HC, LS, 4- and 5Y-PSZ surfaces and the Ti control was comparable, this investigation proofed equal cytocompatibility of these surfaces in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rabel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andrea Blankenburg
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf J Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt C Spies
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Adolfsson
- Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Argongatan 30, 43153 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Siegbert Witkowski
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; G.E.R.N Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center ‑ University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Jin F, Yu X, Zhou H, Zhou J, Yang J, Luo Y, Chen Z. Fracture resistance of CAD/CAM endocrowns made from different materials in maxillary premolar interproximal defects. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:220. [PMID: 38492074 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study aims to compare the fracture resistance of three CAD/CAM materials used in endocrown restoration of interproximal defects in maxillary premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 maxillary premolars extracted as part of orthodontic treatment were included. Following standardized root canal treatment, all teeth were prepared into Mesial-Occlusal (MO) cavity types. The samples were then randomly divided into three groups: LD [repaired with lithium disilicate glass ceramics (IPS e.max CAD)], VE [treated with polymer-infiltrated ceramics (Vita Enamic)], and LU [repaired with resin-based nanoceramics (Lava Ultimate)]. Axial static loading was applied using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min until fracture, and fracture resistance and failure modes were recorded. RESULTS Regarding Fracture Resistance Values (FRVs), the LD group exhibited significantly higher values than the other two groups, VE (P = 0.028) and LU (P = 0.005), which showed no significant difference (P = 0.778). On the other hand, regarding failure modes, the LD group had a higher prevalence of irreparable fractures compared to the other two groups, VE (P < 0.001) and LU (P < 0.001), which showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Although lithium disilicate glass ceramics exhibited higher FRVs, they had a lower repair probability. In contrast, polymer-infiltrated ceramics and resin-based nanoceramics contributed to tooth structure preservation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE For maxillary premolars with interproximal defects following root canal treatment, resin ceramic composites are recommended for restoration to enhance abutment teeth protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqian Jin
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Haolin Zhou
- Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Hofsteenge JW, Bresser RA, Buijs GJ, van der Made SA, Özcan M, Cune MS, Gresnigt MM. Clinical performance of bonded partial lithium disilicate restorations: The influence of preparation characteristics on survival and success. J Dent 2024; 142:104828. [PMID: 38159900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preparation characteristics on the survival, success, and clinical performance of partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations with immediate dentin sealing. METHODS This retrospective clinical study evaluated partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations placed in conjunction with Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) in (pre)molar teeth between March 2018 and May 2021. The restorations were luted using pre-heated composite. The study focused on survival, success, and clinical performance, which was evaluated using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank tests, and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations (N = 454) were evaluated in 214 patients. The mean evaluation time was 37 months, with a cumulative survival rate of 99.2 % and a cumulative success rate of 97.6 %. Fourteen failures occurred, with endodontic pathology as the predominant failure mode, followed by secondary caries, debonding, and tooth fracture. No statistically significant influence of the preparation variables on survival and success was observed (p > .05). The short-term clinical performance was clinically acceptable in > 90 % of the evaluations. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study on partial indirect lithium disilicate restorations in conjunction with IDS demonstrates survival and success rates of 99.2 and 96.7 % over a mean evaluation period of 37 months. A marked influence of the studied preparation characteristics on the survival, success and clinical performance of lithium disilicate partial restorations could not be demonstrated. Partial lithium disilicate restorations exhibit good clinical performance in >90 % of the cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that preparation characteristics had no significant impact on the survival, success, and clinical performance of partial lithium disilicate restorations in conjunction with IDS. Results show good clinical performance and high survival and success rates, regardless of preparation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte W Hofsteenge
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands.
| | - Rijkje A Bresser
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Buijs
- Private Practice Buijs Tandartsen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mutlu Özcan
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco S Cune
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Marco Mm Gresnigt
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, AV 9713, the Netherlands; Department of Special Dental Care, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Woraganjanaboon P, Anunmana C. 3D quantitative analysis and SEM qualitative analysis of natural antagonist enamel opposing CAD-CAM monolithic zirconia or lithium disilicate tooth-supported crowns versus enamel opposing natural enamel. J Adv Prosthodont 2024; 16:12-24. [PMID: 38455676 PMCID: PMC10917629 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2024.16.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the maximum vertical wear, volume wear, and surface characteristic of antagonist enamel, opposing monolithic zirconia or lithium disilicate crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 24 participants (n = 12), who were randomly allocated to receive either a 5 mol% Y-TZP or a lithium disilicate crown in positions which would oppose the natural first molar tooth. The contralateral first molar along with its antagonist was considered as the enamel opposing natural enamel control. Data collection was performed using an intraoral scanner and polyvinylsiloxane impression. The means of the maximum vertical loss and the volume loss at the occlusal contact areas of the crowns and the various natural antagonists were measured by 3D comparison software. A scanning electron microscope was subsequently used to assess the wear characteristics. Results The one-year results from 22 participants (n = 11) indicated no significant differences when comparing the zirconia crown's antagonist enamel (40.28 ± 9.11 µm, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm3) and the natural enamel wear (38.91 ± 7.09 µm, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm3) (P > .05). Also, there is no significant differences between lithium disilicate crown's antagonist enamel (47.81 ± 9.41 µm, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm3) and the natural enamel wear (39.11 ± 7.90 µm, 0.04 ± 0.02 mm3) (P > .05). Conclusion While some studies suggested that monolithic zirconia caused less wear on opposing enamel than lithium disilicate, this study found similar wear levels to enamel for both materials compared to natural teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyarat Woraganjanaboon
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Dental Biomaterials Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chuchai Anunmana
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Dalla-Nora F, Da Rosa LS, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF, Rippe MP. Is dentin analogue material a viable substitute for human dentin in fatigue behavior studies? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106312. [PMID: 38134583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fatigue performance of a lithium disilicate ceramic cemented on different substrates (human dentin and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin - GFRER), treated with different types of conditioning (CTR - without surface conditioning; HF5 - 5% hydrofluoric acid; HF10 - 10% hydrofluoric acid; H3PO4 - phosphoric acid 37%; SAND - sandblasting with aluminum oxide). The occlusal surface of human molars (DENT group) (n = 15) was ground for dentin exposure and the root portion was cut, then the dentin slice (2.0 mm thick) was conditioned with 37% phosphoric acid and a dual-curing dental adhesive was applied. The GFRER in a round-rod format was cut into discs (Ø = 10 mm, 2.0 mm thick). Lithium disilicate glass ceramic blocks (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were shaped into a cylinder format and cut, resulting in 90 discs (Ø = 10 mm, 1.5 mm thick). The substrate materials of each group were etched according to the groups and the ceramic was etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 30 s. A silane coupling agent was applied over the cementation surface in ceramic and GFRER surfaces and a dual cement was used for cementation (ceramic/GFRER or dentin). The disc/disc sets were submitted to thermocycling (25,000 cycles + storage for 6 months), and then tested in step-wise accelerated cyclic fatigue test. The failure pattern and topography were analyzed and the roughness and contact angle were measured before and after surface treatment. The DENT group presented the lowest load to failure values and number of cycles to failure in fatigue (637.33 N; 118.333), showing no statistical similarity with any of the other tested groups (p < 0.05). The topographic analysis showed that all proposed surface treatments modified the substrate surface when compared to the CTR group. All of the fractographical inspections demonstrated failure by radial crack. Considering the roughness analysis, the post-etched DENT group showed similar roughness to all groups of GFRER materials with their surface treated, except for SAND, which showed greater roughness and statistically different from the other groups. The DENT group (49.5) showed statistically different post-conditioning contact angle values from the HF10 group (96.5) and similar to the other groups. The glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin was not able to simulate the results presented by the human dentin substrate when cemented to lithium disilicate regarding fatigue failure load and number of cycles for failure, regardless of the surface treatment. Lithium disilicate cemented on dentin analogue overestimates the load values for fatigue failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dalla-Nora
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L S Da Rosa
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - G K R Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - L F Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - M P Rippe
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science [Prosthodontics Units], Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria [UFSM], Avenue Roraima 1000, Building 26F, room 2383, Zip Code: 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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AboElhassan RG, Watts DC, Alamoush RA, Elraggal A. Biomechanical behavior and Weibull survival of CAD-CAM endocrowns with different marginal designs: A 3D finite element analysis. Dent Mater 2024; 40:227-235. [PMID: 37977990 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the effect of tooth preparation designs and different CADCAM. materials on stress distribution and Weibull survival probability of endocrowns. applied to root canal-treated lower first permanent molar using the 3D finite element. analysis method. METHODS A root canal-treated lower first permanent molar was prepared for endocrowns with a. butt joint or with a ferrule design by placing, circumferentially, a 1-mm wide shoulder. finish line. The prepared molar was scanned for the two designs and modeled on a 3D. Finite element model. Monolithic zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD MT, FCZ), lithium. disilicate (IPS e.max CAD, EX), and nano-ceramic resin composite (Lava Ultimate, LU). CAD-CAM materials were used for each preparation to design the virtual endocrown. A. total of six models were built according to the different tooth preparation designs and. endocrown materials. An occlusal load of 600 N and a transverse load of 20 N in. magnitude that simulates the average occlusal load was directed toward the occlusal. surfaces. von Mises and maximum principle values were evaluated Weibull risk-ofrupture. analysis was used to analyze the survival probability of the restorations and. tooth in the different models. RESULTS The highest von Mises were found in the butt joint design for FCZ, EX, and LU (45.3. MPa, 35.2 MPa, and 24.2 MPa, respectively) compared to the ferrule design for the. same materials (42.6 MPa, 31.2 MPa, and 23.6 MPa, respectively). For von Mises. stress distribution in the remaining part of tooth structure (dentin), the highest stresses. were found in LUFerrule which was closely similar to LUButt joint (135.4 MPa and. 134.7 MPa, respectively), followed by EXFerrule and FCZFerrule (132.2 MPa and. 131.7 MPa, respectively), while the lowest stresses were found in EXButt joint and. FCZButt joint (129.0 MPa and 128.4 MPa, respectively). Shear stresses within the. resin cement were the highest in FCZ and EX compared to LU. EX was found to be the. most reliable material with the highest survival probability, while FCZ showed the. lowest survival probability according to the Weibull risk-of-fracture results. SIGNIFICANCE Materials with high elastic modulus transfer more stresses to the endocrown and less. to the remaining tooth structure. Endocrown tooth preparation with ferrule design has. better stress distribution and magnitude compared to the butt joint design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewaa G AboElhassan
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rasha A Alamoush
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Jalalian E, Zarbakhsh A, Khorshidi S, Golalipour S, Mohammadnasl S, Sayyari M. Comparative analysis of endocrown fracture resistance and marginal adaptation: CAD/CAM technology using lithium disilicate vs. zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:353-358. [PMID: 38420004 PMCID: PMC10897595 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The present study aimed to compare the fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of endocrowns fabricated using lithium disilicate (LDS) and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate 9ZLS) ceramics by the computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology. Materials and Methods In this in vitro experimental study, 24 extracted mandibular first molars received standard endocrown preparation and were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 12) for the fabrication of endocrowns with ZLS (Suprinity) and LDS (IPS e.max CAD) ceramics. After scanning the teeth with a CAD scanner, endocrowns were designed by inLab Software version 15 (inLab SW 15) and prepared by an imes-icore 350i milling machine. The vertical marginal gap of endocrowns was measured under a stereomicroscope at three steps before and after cementation and after thermomechanical cycles. The fracture resistance of specimens was then measured by load application at a 45° angle. Mode of failure was also determined as reparable or irreparable. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and t-test. Results The mean fracture resistance of ZLS endocrowns was significantly higher than that of LDS endocrowns (P = 0.000). The reparability of ZLS endocrowns was zero, while that of LDS endocrowns was 83.33 %. The vertical marginal gap was significantly smaller in ZLS than in LDS endocrowns at all three time points (P < 0.05). Also, the marginal gap increased by cementation and thermomechanical cycles in both groups. Conclusion ZLS and LDS endocrowns both showed acceptable vertical marginal adaptation. ZLS had superior marginal adaptation and higher fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezatollah Jalalian
- Prosthodontic Dept, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Zarbakhsh
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sotude Khorshidi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sara Mohammadnasl
- Graduated from Dental Branch oF Iran Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sayyari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maqbool B, Rego HMC, Santos GC, Ari N, Santos MJMC. Effect of different surface treatment protocols on the bond strength between lithium disilicate and resin cements. Odontology 2024; 112:74-82. [PMID: 37036616 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Because the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) poses health risks if handled improperly, many clinicians prefer to have the ceramic restorations pre-etched in dental laboratories. However, during the try-in procedure, the pre-etched glass-ceramic restorations may be contaminated with saliva resulting in reduced bond strength. This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of lithium disilicate (LD) glass-ceramic restorations (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) to two resin cements. One-hundred eighty blocks (4X4X3mm) of LD glass-ceramic were divided into twelve groups (n = 15), of which six received Variolink Esthetic DC (VE) cement and six received RelyX Ultimate (RU) cement, following the surface treatments: G1) Control: Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane (HF + Sil); G2) Hydrofluoric Acid + Saliva + Silane (HF + S + Sil); G3) Hydrofluoric Acid + Saliva + Ivoclean + Silane (HF + S + IC + Sil); G4) Hydrofluoric Acid + Saliva + Phosphoric Acid + Silane (HF + S + P + Sil); G5) Hydrofluoric Acid + Saliva + Monobond Etch & Prime (HF + S + EP); G6) Monobond Etch & Prime (EP). Following treatment, a resin-cement cylinder (2.3 mm diameter) was built on the glass-ceramic surface, photocured (20 s), stored in distilled water (37 °C, 24 h) and submitted to the shear bond strength test. Bond strength data (MPa) were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey (α = 0.01). Cement type and surface treatment had a significant effect on the bond strength (p < 0.001) (Table 4). Single-step Monobond Etch & Prime (EP) significantly improved the bond strength of resin-cements to glass-ceramic with and without saliva contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Maqbool
- Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Heleine Maria Chagas Rego
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, DSB, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gildo Coelho Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, DSB, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nilgun Ari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Ramzy NA, Azer AS, Khamis MM. Evaluation of the marginal adaptation and debonding strength of two types of CAD-CAM implant-supported cement-retained crowns. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:967. [PMID: 38053146 PMCID: PMC10696722 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In-vitro data from a clinically well-known lithium disilicate ceramic reference was used to assess the expected performance of resin-based materials in implant dentistry. The purpose of the study was to compare the bond strength and marginal adaptation of nano-ceramic hybrid composite crowns cemented to stock cement-retained abutments to lithium disilicate crowns. METHODS Twenty abutment analogs were embedded into auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks. The blocks were divided into 2 groups according to the restorative crown material. The 2 groups were divided as follows: Resin nano-ceramic group and lithium disilicate group. Abutment analogs in both groups were scanned using a laboratory scanner, and the restorations were designed, manufactured, and cemented with resin cement over the corresponding group. All samples were tested for marginal adaptation and bond strength after storage for 24 hours at 37 °C in 100% humidity. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analysed using the appropriate tests. Normality was checked using Shapiro Wilk test and Q-Q plots. Data were normally distributed. Variables were presented using mean, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and standard deviation in addition to median and Inter Quartile Range (IQR). Differences between groups regarding debonding forces was assessed using independent t test. Two Way ANOVA was performed to assess the effect of material and bonding on marginal gap. All tests were two tailed and p value was set at < 0.05. RESULTS Marginal gap and debonding force values were significantly different according to the type of material used (P < .05). Resin nano-ceramic crowns presented lower marginal gap values before (20.80 ± 8.87 μm) and after (52.11 ± 22.92 μm) bonding than lithium disilicate crowns. The debonding force value for resin nano-ceramic crowns (284.30 ± 26.44 N) was significantly higher than that for lithium disilicate crowns (253.30 ± 33.26 N). Adhesive failure mode was detected in all the specimens in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The type of material used for implant-supported cement-retained crowns had a statistically significant effect on marginal adaptation and bond strength. Resin nano-ceramic implant-supported cement-retained crowns had better marginal adaptation and higher bond strength than those manufactured using lithium disilicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ahmed Ramzy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 8, Abbas Alhalawany Street Ibrahemia, Egypt.
| | - Amir Shoukry Azer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Moataz Khamis
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ellakwa A, Goh D. THE MARGINAL ACCURACY OF LITHIUM DISILICATE SINGLE CROWNS IS COMPAREABLE WHEN MADE FROM CONVENTIONAL OR DIGITAL (DIRECT OR INDIRECT) WORKFLOWS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2023; 23:101914. [PMID: 38035892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Tabesh M, Nejatidanesh F, Savabi G, Davoudi A, Savabi O. Marginal accuracy of lithium disilicate full coverage crowns made by direct and indirect digital or conventional workflows: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthodont. 2022;31(9):744-753. doi:10.1111/jopr.13515. SOURCE OF FUNDING Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Research Grant #298095. TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of data.
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Lempel E, Gyulai S, Lovász BV, Jeges S, Szalma J. Clinical evaluation of lithium disilicate versus indirect resin composite partial posterior restorations - A 7.8-year retrospective study. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1095-1104. [PMID: 37821330 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retrospectively the longevity of lithium disilicate ceramic (LidiSi) vs. laboratory-processed resin-based composite (RBC) inlay/onlay/overlay restorations and risk factors associated with restoration deficiencies and failures. METHODS Patients (n = 91) receiving LidiSi (73.1%) and RBC (36.9%) inlays/onlays/overlays between 2007 and 2017 were selected. The restorations were evaluated using the modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria. The survival of the restorations was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Factors affecting the occurrence of deficiencies were examined by logistic regression analysis. This was performed with the use of the Generalized Estimating Equation model including Repeated measurements (GEER), with the consideration that the same patient had several teeth in the sample. Risk estimation was conducted for each evaluated criterion (p < 0.05). RESULTS The survival of LidiSi and RBC restorations were 96.8% and 84.9%, respectively after a mean observation period of 7.8 ± 3.3 years. The annual failure rate was 0.2% for LidiSi and 1.0% for RBC. The probability of survival was above 98% for both restorations in the first 6 years, however, it dropped to 60% for RBC by the end of the 15th year. For both materials the reasons for failure included secondary caries, restoration fracture, and endodontic complication. In addition, LidiSi also failed due to tooth fracture, while RBC due to marginal gap formation and loss of retention. Among the evaluated risk factors, material of restoration (OR=6.8, CI95%:3.1-14.9), oral hygiene (OR=8.0, CI95%: 2.9-22.1], and bruxism (OR=1.9, CI95%: 1.1-3.3) showed a significant impact on the evaluated criteria. SIGNIFICANCE LidiSi and RBC restorations showed similarly excellent 6-year survival, however, in the long term significantly more failures should be expected for RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Lempel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary.
| | - Sarolta Gyulai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
| | - Bálint Viktor Lovász
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary Hospital, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Sára Jeges
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty M. Street 4, Pécs 7621, Hungary
| | - József Szalma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pécs Medical School, Tüzér Street 1, Pécs 7623, Hungary
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Lu Y, de Oliveira Dal Piva AM, Tribst JPM, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ. Does glaze firing affect the strength of advanced lithium disilicate after simulated defects? Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6429-6438. [PMID: 37726488 PMCID: PMC10630247 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the influence of glazing on strength repair of lithium disilicate glass-ceramics after defect incorporation in different production processing phases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bar-shaped specimens (1 × 1 × 12 mm, n = 280; 20/group) made from different lithium disilicate ceramics (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar, "LD" or advanced lithium disilicate CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona, "ALD") were exposed to 7 different protocols: crystallized without (c) and with glaze layer (cg), with a defect incorporated before crystallization without (ic) and with glaze layer (icg), with a defect after crystallization without (ci) or with glaze layer (cig), and defect incorporated after the glaze layer (cgi). The flexural strength was determined using the three-point bending test. Analysis of indented areas and fractured specimens was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Flexural strength data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey tests (α = 5%). RESULTS Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant influence of ceramic (p < 0.001; F = 55.45), protocol (p < 0.001; F = 56.94), and the interaction protocol*ceramic (p < 0.001; F = 13.86). Regardless of ceramics, defect incorporation as final step resulted in the worst strength, while defects introduced before crystallization did not reduce strength. Glaze firing after defect incorporation led to strength repair for ALD, whereas such an effect was not evident for LD. CONCLUSIONS The advanced lithium disilicate must receive a glaze layer to achieve its highest strength. Defects incorporated in the pre-crystallized stage can be healed during crystallization. Defects should not be incorporated after glazing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinical adjustments should be performed on pre-crystallized or crystalized restorations that receive a glazer layer afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit Van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Liu C, Eser A, Heintze S, Rothbrust F, Broeckmann C. Computation of the fracture probability and lifetime of all ceramic anterior crowns under cyclic loading - An FEA study. Dent Mater 2023; 39:965-976. [PMID: 37690952 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To predict the lifetime and fracture probability of anterior crowns made of a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and a zirconia-containing lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Celtra Duo, ZLS, Dentsply Sirona, USA) under cycling loading. METHODS Three-point bending tests were conducted to measure the viscoelastic parameters. These parameters are used to compute the residual stresses of the anterior crown after crystallization. In the next analysis, the cyclic loading on the anterior crown was calculated. Based on this combined stress state (residual stress and stress state due to external cyclic loading), the life cycle and fracture probability of the anterior crown was calculated using the CARES/Life software. Finally, fatigue experiments were carried out to compare and validate the results of the computations. RESULTS Although a sound qualitative comparison of the lifetime of both materials can be done using this methodology, the calculated fracture probability of the anterior crown for both materials was very low in comparison with the fatigue test results using the fatigue parameters determined from the experiments. In order to achieve good correspondence with the experimental results, the SCG exponent n for both materials should be modified by a correlation factor of 0.38. SIGNIFICANCE Using this modified computational strategy, the results of the time-consuming fatigue tests for dental glass-ceramics can be closely predicted. This methodology can be integrated into the development process of new glass-ceramic materials in order to save time and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- IWM, RWTH-Aachen, Augustinerbach 4, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Atilim Eser
- Research & Development, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein.
| | - Siegward Heintze
- Research & Development, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Frank Rothbrust
- Research & Development, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
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Fouda AM, Stawarczyk B, Özcan M, Singer L, Bourauel C. Impact of glazing on wear, fracture load, and optical properties of a new fully crystallized lithium disilicate ceramic material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106102. [PMID: 37660448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium disilicate (LDS) based glass ceramics are indispensable materials in the field of prosthetic dentistry due to their strength and excellent esthetics. Recently, novel fully crystallized LDS for the milling process have been introduced to the market, requiring only chairside polishing before delivery. Since limited data is available about subjecting this material to glazing, this study aimed to evaluate the wear properties, fracture resistance, and optical properties of the newly introduced fully crystallized LDS after glazing. METHODS Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics (fully crystallized (LiSiCAD) and partially crystallized types (EmaxCAD), of shade A3, were used in the present study. The fully crystallized specimens were subjected to a glazing firing cycle in a furnace (LiSiCAD-G) and compared to a polished fully crystallized counterpart (LiSiCAD-P, negative control) and a glazed partially crystallized LDS (EmaxCAD, positive control). Rectangular-shaped ceramic specimens (n = 10, 12 × 6.5 × 1.5 mm) and enamel antagonists were used to test the wear resistance in a specially designed wear machine built at the Department of Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Germany. The volumetric enamel loss of antagonists was measured by means of overlapping virtual 3D models derived from micro-CT scans for the teeth before and after the wear test. The weight loss of ceramic specimens in milligrams was measured after 100,000 and 200,000 wear cycles. A spectrophotometer was used to calculate the CIELAB color parameters of the ceramic specimens against black and white backgrounds to measure the translucency. Fracture resistance was also assessed after thermodynamic fatigue using a universal testing machine until fracture at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the significance level was set at α = 0.05. RESULTS EmaxCAD and LisiCAD-G groups showed significantly higher mean ceramic weight loss after 100,000 cycles (2 ± 0.3 mg and 1.93 ± 0.2 mg, respectively) than LisiCAD-P group (0.78 ± 0.19 mg). Glazed LiSiCAD specimens demonstrated significantly higher ΔE values from shade A3 compared to polished LiSiCAD. There was no significant difference in ΔE between LiSiCAD-G and EmaxCAD. For fracture resistance, no significant difference was observed between LiSiCAD-G and LiSiCAD-P before or after aging. CONCLUSIONS The glazed fully crystallized LDS was superior to the partially crystallized one with regard to wear resistance but showed more color changes than the polished fully crystallized one. Furthermore, polishing of fully crystallized LDS could still be considered a better option than glazing when aesthetics is a primary prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud Fouda
- Department of Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Zurich, Center for Dental Medicine, Clinic of Chewing Function Disturbances and Dental Biomaterials, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lamia Singer
- Department of Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Department of Oral Technology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Hofsteenge JW, Carvalho MA, Borghans PM, Cune MS, Özcan M, Magne P, Gresnigt MMM. Effect of preparation design on fracture strength of compromised molars restored with lithium disilicate inlay and overlay restorations: An in vitro and in silico study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106096. [PMID: 37659167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different preparation designs on the fracture strength, failure type, repairability, formation of polymerization-induced cracks, and tooth deformation of structurally compromised molars restored with lithium disilicate inlays and overlays in combination with Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Human molars (N = 64) were randomly assigned to four different preparation designs: Undermined Inlay (UI), Extended Inlay (EI), Restricted Overlay (RO), and Extended Overlay (EO). The teeth were restored using lithium disilicate partial restorations and subjected to thermomechanical fatigue in a chewing simulator (1,2 × 10 (Mondelli et al., 2007) cycles on 50 N, 8000x 5-55 °C), followed by load to failure testing. In silico finite element analysis was conducted to assess tooth deformation. Polymerization-induced cracks were evaluated using optical microscopy and transillumination. Fracture strengths were statistically analyzed using a Kruskal-Wallis test, while the failure mode, repairability, and polymerization cracks were analyzed using Fisher exact test. RESULTS The propagation of polymerization-induced cracks did not significantly differ among preparation designs. All specimens withstood chewing simulator fatigue, with no visible cracks in teeth or restorations. Fracture strength was significantly influenced by preparation design, with restricted overlay (RO) showing higher fracture strength compared to extended inlay (EI) (p = .042). Tooth deformation and fracture resistance correlated between in vitro and in silico analyses). UI exhibited a statistically less destructive failure pattern than EO (p < .01) and RO (p = .036). No statistically significant influence of the preparation design on repairability was observed. Groups with higher repairability rates experienced increased tooth deformation, leading to less catastrophic failures. CONCLUSIONS The preparation design affected the fracture strength of compromised molars restored with lithium disilicate inlays and overlays, with significantly lower fracture strength for an extended inlay. The failure pattern of lithium disilicate overlays is significantly more destructive than that of undermined and extended inlays. The finite element analysis showed more tooth deformation in the inlay restorations, with lower forces in the roots, leading to less destructive fractures. Since cusp coverage restorations fracture in a more destructive manner, this study suggests the undermined inlay preparation design as a viable option for restoring weakened cusps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte W Hofsteenge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Pauline M Borghans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco S Cune
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands; St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Zurich, Center of Dental Medicine, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Magne
- Center for Education and Research in Biomimetic Restorative Dentistry (CER BRD), Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - Marco M M Gresnigt
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Groningen, the Netherlands; Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Adak IO, Aguloglu S, Adak BM, Sari I. Comparison of the translucency parameters and bond strength of 5Y-ZP zirconia, 3-YTZP zirconia, and lithium disilicate. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1491-1497. [PMID: 37929525 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_91_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background E-max is a more aesthetic material than traditional zirconia. In addition, the bond strength of traditional zirconia with adhesive cements is lower. There are not enough studies on how the aesthetic values and bond strength of 5-YZP, the new generation zirconia, compare to e-max and traditional zirconia. Can 5-YZP be an alternative to e-max in terms of aesthetics and bond strength? Aim The aim of the study is to compare the translucency property and bonding ability of 5y-zp zirconias with previous generation zirconias and lithium disilicate. Materials and Methods Two types of zirconia Katana UT and Katana HT for measuring translucency values; and using a type of lithium disilicate IPS e.max CAD LT, three groups were formed (n = 10). Translucency specimens were fabricated (n = 10). Their L*a*b* values were measured against a black-and-white background with a spectrophotometer, and DE00 was calculated. To perform micro-shear tests, a cylinder design was made from zirconia and IPS e.max CAD blocks (n = 20). After the samples were aged by thermal cycle, the micro-shear test was applied to specimens cemented to teeth extracted with two different adhesive cement systems. Results According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, a statistically significant difference was found between the translucency parameter (TP) values of the groups. According to Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) multiple comparisons, the values of the three groups are statistically different from each other. Although IPS e.max CAD group has the highest TP values, the Katana HT group has the lowest values. Conclusion 5Y-PZ has a TP intermediate to those of 3Y-TZP and lithium disilicate. Long-term bond strength of 3Y-TZP and 5Y-ZP were similar to those of lithium disilicate. To be an alternative to glass ceramics in the anterior region, translucency and bond strength values need to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ozkan Adak
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Aguloglu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B M Adak
- Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - I Sari
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Al-Johani H, Haider J, Silikas N, Satterthwaite J. Effect of surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM reinforced lithium silicate glass ceramics. Dent Mater 2023; 39:779-789. [PMID: 37438204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of different surface treatments on optical, topographical and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM lithium silicate-based glass ceramics (LSC's) and their combined effect on the output of a light curing unit (LCU). METHODS Four CAD/CAM LSC's were investigated: Lithium Disilicate (Emax CAD; EC), Zirconia-reinforced silicates (Vita Suprinity; VS and Celtra Duo;CD) and Lithium Aluminum Disilicate (CEREC Tessera; CT). Ceramic specimens (n = 240) were divided into six subgroups according to their surface treatment: (a) Control, (b) Hydrofluoric acid (HF) 5%, (c) HF 5% + Neutralizing agent (N), (d) HF 9%, (e) HF 9% +N and (f) Self-etching ceramic primer (SEP). Irradiance, power and radiant exposure of a LCU were measured with MARC-LC following ceramic specimen interposition. Direct light transmission (T%) and absorbance (Abs%) of the specimens were measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Roughness (Sa, Sq) and wettability (θ°) were measured with optical profilometry and sessile drop profile analysis, respectively. Biaxial flexural strength (σ) of the ceramic specimens was measured by the ball-on-three-balls method and ceramic specimens were examined microscopically. Statistical analyses was performed by two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS Acid neutralization decreased T% and increased Abs% in all LSC's and highest T% was exhibited with VS. Neutralized EC, VS and CD displayed higher Sa in HF9, while neutralized CT displayed higher Sa in HF5. Self-etch primer significantly reduced θ° (p < 0.001). σ was observed in the followed ascending order: HF9 +N < HF9 < HF5 +N < HF5 < SEP < Control for all LSC's. SIGNIFICANCE Optical, topographical and mechanical properties of the CAD/CAM ceramic blocks were strongly dependent on the type of surface treatment. Results of neutralization post-etching indicate promising potential for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Johani
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
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Gozneli R, Sendurur T, Silahtar E. A Preliminary Study in Er:YAG Laser Debonding of Lithium Disilicate Crowns: Laser Power Setting vs Crown Thickness. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1212-1219. [PMID: 37575279 PMCID: PMC10416713 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.85722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Er:YAG laser is widely used in debonding of all-ceramic veneers nowadays. However, the data about laser parameters in all-ceramic crown removal is limited. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the most appropriate laser parameters at safe heat transmission values for lithium disilicate crowns in different thicknesses. Methods: Twenty-seven intact premolars were prepared to fabricate lithium disilicate CAD/CAM full-coverage crowns in three different thicknesses: 1, 1.5 mm, and mixed thickness (n=9). Each thickness group was divided into 3 subgroups and subjected to Er:YAG laser at different wattages (5, 5.6 and 5.9 W) to determine the appropriate wattage for each thickness. The removal time and temperature rise values were recorded. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to evaluate any significant differences in removal time, Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, and the Pearson chi-square test for temperature rise over the critical value (p<0.05). Results: Laser irradiation at 5 W was safe and efficient for 1 mm thickness, while not efficient for others. Laser application at 5.9 W was efficient for all thicknesses, but, not safe for 1 mm thickness. The statistically significant difference in removal time was only between 5 W and 5.9 W groups (p=0.035). Pearson's chi-square test revealed that the temperature rise after 5.9 W laser application was significantly different from 5 W in 1 mm thickness group (p=0.043). Conclusion: Er:YAG laser lithium disilicate crown removal is an effective and safe method using laser settings appropriate for crown thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Gozneli
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tansu Sendurur
- Research Assistant, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Elsayed A, Farrag G, Chaar MS, Yazigi C, Abdelnabi N, Kern M. Failure resistance of single-implant crowns assembled from polyetheretherketone and lithium disilicate abutments and different crown materials after artificial aging. Int J Comput Dent 2023; 0:0. [PMID: 37417447 DOI: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b4200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of using different materials for the fabrication of implant abutments and crowns on the mechanical behavior of implant-supported single crowns after artificial aging. The materials were tested in different combinations to reveal whether using stiff or resilient materials as an abutment or a crown material might influence the fracture strength of the whole structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 implants (blueSKY, bredent GmbH & Co. KG) were restored with identical custom-made CAD/CAM abutments milled out of lithium disilicate or ceramic-reinforced PEEK and were divided into 5 test groups (n = 8 each). Forty crowns made of three different materials (zirconia, lithium disilicate, and ceramic-reinforced PEEK) were used to restore the abutments. Specimens were subjected to mechanical load up to 1,200,000 cycles in a chewing simulator (Kausimulator, Willytech) with additional thermal cycling. The surviving specimens were subjected to quasi-static loading using a universal testing machine (Z010, Zwick). RESULTS PEEK abutments with zirconia crowns showed the highest median failure load (3890.5 N), while PEEK abutments with lithium disilicate crowns exhibited the lowest (1920 N). Fracture and deformation occurred in both crowns and abutments. CONCLUSION The failure load of the restorations was influenced by the material of the abutment and the crown. Restoring PEEK abutments with zirconia crowns showed a high failure load and no screw loosening.
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Jassim SJ, Majeed MA. Effect of plasma surface treatment of three different CAD/CAM materials on the micro shear bond strength with resin cement (A comparative in vitro study). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17790. [PMID: 37449108 PMCID: PMC10336531 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of plasma treatment versus conventional treatment on the micro shear bond strength (μSBS), surface roughness, and wettability of three different CAD/CAM materials. Materials and methods Sixty cylindrical specimens (5 mm diameter × 3 mm height) were prepared from three different CAD/CAM materials: Group A: Zirconia, Group B: Lithium disilicate, and Group C: Resin nano-ceramic. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to surface treatment used: Subgroup I: Conventional treatment, zirconia was sandblasted with Al2O3, while lithium disilicate and resin nano-ceramic were etched with hydrofluoric acid. Subgroup II: Plasma treatment, the surface of each material was treated with a plasma device (PiezoBrush® PZ3 Handheld Device, Relyon Plasma, Regensburg, Germany). G-Multi PRIMER was applied, then self-adhesive cement (G-CEM ONE) was applied using a split mold (1 mm diameter × 3 mm height), and μSBS was tested in a universal testing machine. The surface roughness was measured using a profilometer. Nine additional specimens of each material for wettability test using an optical tensiometer. Statistical analysis The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni test at a level of significance of 0.05. Results The highest mean of μSBS was recorded by AII (27.3 MPa), while the lowest was recorded by AI (17.9 MPa). One-way ANOVA test revealed a significant difference among groups. Bonferroni test showed each two subgroups significant difference except subgroups AI, CI and BII, CII, where there was a non-significant difference. For all CAD/CAM materials, conventional treatment increased the surface roughness compared to plasma treatment, while the contact angle decreased after plasma treatment. Conclusion Plasma treatment increased the μSBS of resin cement to zirconia significantly while not significantly affecting the μSBS of resin nano-ceramic. Conventional treatment of lithium disilicate provided significantly higher μSBS than plasma treatment.
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Fouda AM, Atta O, Özcan M, Stawarczyk B, Glaum R, Bourauel C. An investigation on fatigue, fracture resistance, and color properties of aesthetic CAD/CAM monolithic ceramics. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:2653-2665. [PMID: 36574045 PMCID: PMC10264477 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare fracture resistance, translucency, and color reproducibility, as well as the effect of aging on the fracture load and color stability of novel monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred crowns of uniform thickness were milled from five ceramic blocks (n = 20): partially crystallized lithium disilicate (PLD) and fully crystallized lithium disilicate (FLD), lithium metasilicate (LMS), 4Y-TZP (SMZ), and 5Y-TZP (UMZ) monolithic zirconia. PLD crowns were glazed, LMS was fired, and FLD was polished. SMZ and UMZ crowns were sintered and polished. Crowns were adhesively cemented to epoxy dies. Half of the crowns (n = 10) were subjected to 1.200.000 load cycles with thermal cycling. Color space values L, a, b defined by the Commission Internationale de l´Eclairage (CIELAB) were measured before and after aging, and (∆E) was calculated. Both aged and non-aged specimens were loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine and the fracture load was recorded. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographic analysis were carried out on fractured fragments of representative samples. For translucency and color reproducibility, 50 rectangular-shaped specimens were fabricated and processed as described previously. Color values were measured over black and white backgrounds, and the translucency parameter (TP) was computed. Using the shade verification mode, (∆E) to shade A3 was calculated. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, and t-test. RESULTS Aging did not affect fracture resistance significantly (p > 0.05). The highest mean fracture load was obtained for the SMZ and UMZ. A significant color change was observed after aging in all groups. The highest TP was noted for FLD. SMZ and UMZ had the best shade match. CONCLUSIONS Zirconia showed higher fracture resistance and color stability than lithium silicate ceramics. Lithium silicate ceramics were more translucent. The experimental FLD demonstrated high translucency. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tested ceramics showed sufficient stability to withstand masticatory forces. Characterization of final restorations might be mandatory for better color match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud Fouda
- Department of Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn University, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Osama Atta
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Glaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Department of Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn University, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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Jurado CA, Karimi K, Kim R, Nurrohman H, Deemer E, LE C, French K, Tsujimoto A. Effects of over-the-counter at-home whitening products with LED light on surface roughness of partially- and fully crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics. Dent Mater J 2023:2022-219. [PMID: 37225497 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of over-the-counter (OTC) at-home whitening products with LED light on partially- and fully-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics. Two partially-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics, Amber Mill and IPS e.max CAD, and one fully-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic, n!ce Straumann, were used. The specimens were divided based on treatment with OTC whitening products: no treatment provided, Colgate Optic, Crest 3D and Walgreens Deluxe. The surface roughness of the specimens was evaluated with an optical profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. The three LED whitening products significantly increased the surface roughness and changed surface morphology of Amber Mill and IPS e.max CAD but no differences for n!ce Straumann. OTC at-home whitening products with LED light can significantly increase the surface roughness of restorations fabricated with these partially-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic restorations. However, these products do not increase the surface roughness of restorations fabricated with this fully-crystalized lithium disilicate ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry
| | - Kiarash Karimi
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry
| | - Reuben Kim
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles School of Dentistry
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Prosthodontics, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston
| | - Eva Deemer
- University of Texas at El Paso Center for Inland Desalination Systems
| | - Christine LE
- A. T. Still University Arizona School of Dentistry & Oral Health
| | - Kennedee French
- A. T. Still University Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry
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Lu Y, Dal Piva AMO, Nedeljkovic I, Tribst JPM, Feilzer AJ, Kleverlaan CJ. Effect of glazing technique and firing on surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05014-1. [PMID: 37178172 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of glazing technique and firing on the surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) and lithium disilicate (LD). METHODS Eight groups of bar-shaped specimens (1 mm × 1 mm × 12 mm, N=160, 20/group) were manufactured from ALD (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona) and LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). The specimens were then submitted to various posttreatments: crystallization (c), crystallization followed by a second firing (c-r), crystallization with glaze in one step (cg), and crystallization followed by a glaze layer firing (c-g). Surface roughness was measured by means of a profilometer, and flexural strength was determined using a three-point bending test. Surface morphology, fractography, and crack healing analysis were conducted using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Refiring (c-r) did not affect the surface roughness (Ra) while applying glaze at both cg and c-g procedures increased the roughness. ALDc-g (442.3 ± 92.5 MPa) promoted higher strength than ALDcg (282.1 ± 64.4 MPa), whereas LDcg (402.9 ± 78.4 MPa) was stronger than LDc-g (255.5 ± 68.7 MPa). Refiring completely closed the crack in ALD, but it had a limited effect on LD. CONCLUSIONS Two-step crystallization and glazing improved ALD strength compared to the one-step protocol. Refiring and one-step glazing do not increase LD's strength, while two-step glazing has a negative effect. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Besides both materials being lithium-disilicate glass ceramics, the glazing technique and firing protocol affected their roughness and flexural strength differently. A two-step crystallization and glazing should be the first choice for ALD, while for LD, glazing is optional and when necessary, should be applied in one-step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
| | - A M O Dal Piva
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands.
| | - I Nedeljkovic
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
| | - J P M Tribst
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
| | - A J Feilzer
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
- Department of Reconstructive Oral Care, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
| | - C J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, LA, Netherlands
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Rauch A, Lorenz L, Reich S, Hahnel S, Schmutzler A, Schierz O. Long-term survival of monolithic tooth-supported lithium disilicate crowns fabricated using a chairside approach: 15-year results. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05023-0. [PMID: 37083987 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical performance of chairside fabricated tooth-supported posterior single crowns from lithium disilicate ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four crowns (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were inserted between 2006 and 2007 and again evaluated after 15 years. Survival and success rates were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier, and the quality of the crowns was evaluated by using modified United States Public Health (USPHS) criteria. RESULTS Twenty-two crowns were available for recall; six patients were defined as dropouts. The mean observation period was 15.2 years (± 0.2). Six failures occurred (1 technical/5 biological) resulting in a survival rate of 80.1%. The success rate was 64.2%. The roughness of the crowns increased (p = 0.021) and the majority of adhesive gaps were discolored (p = 0.001) in comparison to baseline. The color, tooth, and crown integrity remained stable over the follow-up period (p ≥ 0.317). CONCLUSION The fabrication of tooth-supported lithium disilicate crowns using a chairside approach yielded acceptable long-term survival and success rates. Due to discoloration, the long-term use of dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements might result in unpleasing esthetic results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The performance of posterior lithium disilicate single crowns revealed excellent to good clinical quality and an acceptable number of events after 15 years of clinical service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Rauch
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lea Lorenz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Reich
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre of Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwellsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Schmutzler
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Souza JCM, Raffaele-Esposito A, Carvalho O, Silva F, Özcan M, Henriques B. Surface modification of zirconia or lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic by laser texturing to increase the adhesion of prosthetic surfaces to resin cements: an integrative review. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05016-z. [PMID: 37069409 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to perform an integrative review on laser texturing the inner surface of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic or zirconia to increase their bond strength to resin-matrix cements. MATERIALS AND METHOD A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: "zirconia" OR "lithium disilicate" AND "laser" AND "surface" OR "roughness" AND "bond strength" AND "luting agent" OR "resin cement." Studies published in English language until March 15, 2023, were selected regarding the purpose of this study. RESULTS A total of fifty-six studies were identified althoug thirteen studies were selected. The findings revealed that zirconia surfaces were significantly modified after laser irradiation resulting in macro-scale aligned retentive regions with depth values ranging from 50 to 120 µm. Average roughness values of laser-textured zirconia by Er,Cr:YSGG laser (~ 0.83 µm) were quite similar when compared to grit-blasted zirconia surfaces (~ 0.9 µm) although roughness increased up to 2.4 µm depending on the laser type and parameters. Lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics textured with Er:YAG revealed an average roughness of around 3.5 µm while surfaces textured using Nd:YAG laser revealed an average roughness of 2.69 µm; that was quite similar to the roughness values recorded for etched surfaces (2.64 µm). The shear bond strength (SBS) values of zirconia surfaces textured on Nd:YVO4 laser irradiation were slightly higher (~ 33.5 MPa) than those recorded for grit-blasted zirconia surfaces (28 MPa). Laser-textured zirconia surfaces on CO2 laser revealed higher SBS values (18.1 ±0.8 MPa) than those (9.1 ± 0.56 MPa) recorded for untreated zirconia surfaces. On lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics, higher SBS values to resin-matrix cements were recorded for specimens textured with a combination of fractional CO2 laser irradiation and HF acid etching (~ 22-24 MPa) when compared with grit-blasted specimens (12.2 MPa). Another study revealed SBS values at around 27.5 MPa for Er:YAG-textured lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramics to resin-matrix cements. CONCLUSIONS The laser irradiation at high power increases the roughness of the inner surface of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic or zirconia leading to an enhanced bond strength to resin-matrix cements. Thus, the laser type and irradiation parameters can be adjusted to enhance the macro- and micro-scale retention of zirconia and glass ceramic surfaces to resin-matrix cements. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alternative methods for surface modification of lithium disilicate-reinforced glass ceramic and zirconia surfaces have been assessed to provide proper morphological aspects for enhanced adhesion to resin-matrix cements. An increase in the bond strength of glass ceramics or zirconia to resin-matrix cements can improve the long-term performance of cemented prosthetic structures in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio C M Souza
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal.
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, PRD, 4585-116, Portugal.
| | | | - Oscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno Henriques
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Department of Mechanical Engineering (EMC), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Adabo GL, Longhini D, Baldochi MR, Bergamo ETP, Bonfante EA. Reliability and lifetime of lithium disilicate, 3Y-TZP, and 5Y-TZP zirconia crowns with different occlusal thicknesses. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05001-6. [PMID: 37022529 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the probability of survival of crowns made with a 3Y-TZP, a 5Y-TZP, and a lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD-CAM premolar crowns with occlusal thicknesses of 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm and cemented on a metal dye. Step-stress accelerated life testing (SSALT) was performed to access the use level probability Weibull curves and reliability were calculated for the completion of a mission of 100,000 cycles at 300 to 1200 N. RESULTS All ceramics showed a high probability of survival (87-99%) at 300 N, irrespective of thickness. 3Y-TZP shows no significant decrease in the probability of survival up to 1200 N (83-96%). Lithium disilicate presented lower reliability than zirconia under the 600 N mission. 5Y-TZP showed lower reliability than 3Y-TZP at 1200 N. There was no significant difference in the Weibull modulus (3.23-7.12). 3Y-TZP had the highest characteristic strength (2483-2972 N), followed by 5Y-TZP (1512-1547 N) and lithium disilicate (971-1154 N). CONCLUSION Zirconia ceramics have a high probability of survival (up to 900 N-load), while lithium disilicate survives up to 300 N load only, irrespective of the thickness (1.0 mm or 1.5 mm). CLINICAL RELEVANCE The probability of survival of posterior crowns made with zirconia ceramics resists extreme loads while glass ceramics resist normal chewing loads. In addition, crowns with thinner occlusal face showed sufficient mechanical behavior.
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Grants
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- 2016/09640-0, 2012/19078-7, 2021/06730-7, EMU 2016/18818-8, 2019/08693-1 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Finance Code 001 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- 307255/2021-2 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelson Luis Adabo
- School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Longhini
- School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Khan A, Lakha T, Kheur S, Qamri B, Kheur MG. Evaluation of shear bond strength and translucency of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate: An in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2023; 23:135-141. [PMID: 37102538 PMCID: PMC10262088 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_88_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To analyze the effect of various surface treatment protocols on shear bond strength between the ceramic and resin cement (RC) and influence of zirconia on the translucency of LD as compared to zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS). Setting and Design In-Vitro Study. Materials and Methods Specimens (14 mm × 12 mm × 2 mm) (n = 135) and (14 mm × 12 mm × 1 mm) (n = 45) of ZLS computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing glass ceramic block and LD were fabricated, respectively. All the ZLS specimens were crystallized and were tested for the translucency parameter and ceramic-resin shear bond strength. Two different types of surface treatment were used on the ZLS and LD samples. The specimens were treated using the hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching or air abrasion with diamond particles (DPs). The specimens were then bonded using self-adhesive RC to a composite disc of 10 mm and thermocycling was performed. A universal testing machine was used to evaluate ceramic-resin shear bond strength after 24 h. The translucency of the specimens was evaluated using the spectrophotometer by calculating the difference in color between the readings over a black background and a white background. Statistical Analysis Used Data were statistically analyzed using the independent sample t-test and analysis of variance with Bonferroni's correction and comparison was made between the specimens. Results Independent sample t-test demonstrated statistically significantly higher translucency for group ZLS (61.44 ± 22) as compared to group LD (20.16 ± 8.39) (P < 0.001). Group ZLS showed statistically significant higher shear bond strength when surface treatment using HF or air abrasion with synthetic DPs was performed as compared to untreated group (3.58 ± 0.45) (P < 0.001). Moreover, air abrasion group (16.79 ± 2.11 megapascal [MPa]) demonstrated statistically significant higher shear bond strength as compared to HF etched group (8.25 ± 0.30 MPa) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, statistically significant higher shear bond strength was noted when air abrasion was done for group ZLS (16.79 ± 2.11 MPa) as compared to group LD (10.82 ± 1.92 MPa) (P < 0.001). However, on surface treatment with HF, a statistically significantly lower shear bond strength was noted for group ZLS (8.25 ± 0.30 MPa) as compared to group LD (11.29 ± 0.58 MPa) (P = 0.001). Conclusion ZLS demonstrated higher translucency compared to LD restorations. DP abrasion of ZLS is recommended to achieve higher shear bond strength between the ceramic and RC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khan
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tabrez Lakha
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Batul Qamri
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit G. Kheur
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Mueller B, Pilecco RO, Valandro LF, Ruschel VC, Pereira GKR, Bernardon JK. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on load-bearing capacity under accelerated fatigue of thin occlusal veneers made of CAD-CAM glass-ceramic and resin composite material. Dent Mater 2023; 39:372-382. [PMID: 36922258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the influence of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) on the fatigue behavior of laminate occlusal veneers fabricated with CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic and resin composite. METHODS Forty sound human molars were prepared and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): RC-IDS+ (IDS and resin composite occlusal laminate veneer); RC-IDS- (resin composite occlusal laminate veneer without IDS); LD-IDS+ (IDS and lithium disilicate laminate veneer); LD-IDS- (lithium disilicate occlusal laminate veneer without IDS). The restorations were obtained using a digital workflow. After surface conditioning and bonding, thermocycling and accelerated fatigue tests (20 Hz, 5000 cycles with an initial load of 300 N, step-size of 100 N for 10,000 cycles, up to 1000 N, and then a step-size of 50 N until failure) were conducted. Fatigue data were recorded for both outcomes (crack or fracture) and statistically analyzed. Fractographic and adhesive interface analysis were conducted. RESULTS The indirect resin composite groups showed better fatigue behavior compared to lithium disilicate. IDS only had a positive effect for the survival of resin composite restorations for the 'fracture' outcome. Evident presence of micro-gaps at the adhesive interface in the LD-IDS- group could be noted. SIGNIFICANCE Immediate dentin sealing improved fatigue resistance behavior of resin composite occlusal veneers. However, this effect was not observed in lithium disilicate veneers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Mueller
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Ontological Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Ruschel
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Ontological Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Jussara Karina Bernardon
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Ontological Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Brazil
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Dapieve KS, Velho HC, da Rosa LS, Pivetta JP, Maidana FC, Venturini AB, Kleverlaan CJ, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Ceramic surface conditioning, resin cement viscosity, and aging relationships affect the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of bonded glass-ceramics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 139:105667. [PMID: 36657192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ceramic surface treatments, resin cement viscosities, and storage regimens on the fatigue performance of bonded glass-ceramics (lithium disilicate, LD; feldspathic, FEL). Ceramic discs (Ø = 10 mm; thickness = 1.5 mm) were allocated into eight groups per ceramic (n = 15), considering three factors: "ceramic surface treatment" in two levels - 5% hydrofluoric acid etching and silane-based coupling agent application (HF), or self-etching ceramic primer (E&P); "resin cement viscosity" in two levels - in high or low viscosity; and "storage regimen" in two levels - baseline, 24 h to 5 days; or aging, 180 days + 25,000 thermal cycles. Adhesive luting was performed onto glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin discs (Ø = 10 mm; thickness = 2 mm) and the bonded assemblies were subjected to cyclic fatigue tests: initial load = 200 N; step-size = 25 N (FEL) and 50 N (LD); 10,000 cycles/step; 20 Hz. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspections were performed. Regarding the LD ceramic, the fatigue behavior was reduced after aging for HF_HIGH and E&P_LOW conditions, while stable performance was observed for HF_LOW and E&P_HIGH. Regarding the FEL results, aging negatively affected HF_HIGH, E&P_HIGH, and E&P_LOW, being that only the HF_LOW condition presented a stable behavior. The failure initiated from defects on the etched surface of the ceramics, where the cross-sectional analysis commonly revealed unfilled areas. Long-term aging might induce a decrease in mechanical behavior. The 'ceramic microstructure/surface conditioning/resin cement viscosity relationships' modulate the fatigue performance of lithium disilicate and feldspathic glass-ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Serafini Dapieve
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Helder Callegaro Velho
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Jordana Pavanelo Pivetta
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cocco Maidana
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Borin Venturini
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Universiteit van Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, North-Holland, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Demachkia AM, Velho HC, Valandro LF, Dimashkieh MR, Samran A, Tribst JPM, de Melo RM. Endocrown restorations in premolars: influence of remaining axial walls of tooth structure and restorative materials on fatigue resistance. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04895-6. [PMID: 36781479 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of the remaining tooth structure and different CAD/CAM materials on the fatigue performance and failure mode of endodontically treated premolars restored with endocrowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety maxillary premolars were endodontically treated and assigned into 6 groups (n = 15) according to the number of remaining axial walls (four, three, and two) and restorative materials (ultra-translucent zirconia 5Y-PSZ [KATANA UTML] and lithium disilicate [IPS e.max-CAD]). The specimens were subjected to cyclic fatigue loading test (initial load 200 N; 20 Hz). An incremental step load of 100 N per 10,000 cycles was applied until failure. The fatigue failure load (FFL) and number of failure cycles (CFFs) data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Kaplan-Meier test (α = 0.05). Failed specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope 25 × and failure modes were determined. RESULTS FFL and CFF were significantly influenced by restorative material (p < 0.05). 5Y-PSZ endocrowns showed significantly higher FFL when compared with lithium disilicate. The number of remaining walls did not affect the fatigue behavior or failure mode of the specimens. Of the lithium disilicate restorations, 51% had repairable failures, while 95% 5Y-PSZ restorations had non-repairable failures. CONCLUSIONS Zirconia endocrowns showed better FFL than lithium disilicate endocrowns, regardless of the number of remaining axis walls. Lithium disilicate and 5Y-PSZ endocrowns showed FFL higher than the normal masticatory loads. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Restoring endodontically treated premolars with endocrown could be a promising treatment, regardless of the remaining axial walls. However, precaution should be taken in material selection since it affects the fatigue resistance and failure mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohidin Demachkia
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo,777. 12245000, São José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Helder Callegaro Velho
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Mohiddin Rida Dimashkieh
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - João Paulo Mendes Tribst
- Department of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renata Marques de Melo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo,777. 12245000, São José Dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Matsubara M, Asakura M, Ban S, Tsuruta S, Hayashi T, Kawai T. Effect of crystal orientation on flexural strength of pressable lithium disilicate glass-ceramics. Dent Mater J 2023. [PMID: 36740258 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the crystal orientation of four kinds of pressable lithium disilicate glass-ceramics and evaluated the effect of crystal orientation on flexural strength. Bar-shaped (24 mm in length, 1.2 mm in thickness, 4.0 mm in width), disk-shaped (12 mm in diameter, 0.5 mm in thickness), and crown-shaped (maxillary first molar) specimens were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Three-point and biaxial flexural strengths were measured for bar- and disk-shaped specimens. Microstructure analysis was performed using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Three-point flexural strength was improved by parallel crystal orientation along the longitudinal direction of the bar-shaped specimen. There was no relationship between two-dimensional crystal orientation and biaxial flexural strength. The results of this study assumed that biaxial flexural strength was improved by the crystal orientation in the cross-sectional direction. Pressed restorations are expected to possess higher strength than milled restorations due to their crystal orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Masaki Asakura
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Seiji Ban
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Shozo Tsuruta
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsuhide Hayashi
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Tatsushi Kawai
- Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Shafi MA, Rayyan MR. Failure loads of heat-pressed versus milled lithium disilicate endocrowns. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:339-344. [PMID: 36197546 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the failure load of heat-pressed versus milled lithium disilicate endocrowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty extracted mandibular molars were sectioned 1.5 mm above the CEJ. Root canal treatment and endocrown preparation were done for all teeth. Samples were then divided into two groups: heat-pressed glass ceramic endocrowns (HP group) (n = 10) and milled endocrowns (CAD group) (n = 10). Cementation was done using self-adhesive resin cement, and a compressive load was applied on the occlusal surface of the specimens until failure occurred. RESULTS The mean failure loads were significantly higher in the HP group (2546.5 ± 339 N) compared to the CAD group (1759.9 ± 114.2) (p < 0.05), and majority of failures were due to fracture of the restoration. CONCLUSIONS Failure loads of heat-pressed lithium disilicate endocrown are superior to milled endocrown. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Molars restored with lithium disilicate endocrowns have higher failure loads than the maximum human bite force regardless of the fabrication method. Although heat-pressed endocrowns have superior failure loads to milled ones, both are indicated for restoring endodontically treated molar teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowaffq Abdulhamed Shafi
- Prosthdontic Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box: 84891, Riyadh, 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ramadan Rayyan
- Prosthdontic Department, College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box: 84891, Riyadh, 11681, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen Y, Maghami E, Bai X, Huang C, Pow EHN, Tsoi JKH. Which dentine analogue material can replace human dentine for crown fatigue test? Dent Mater 2023; 39:86-100. [PMID: 36503862 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To seek dentine analogue materials in combined experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches on the mechanical properties and fatigue behaviours that could replace human dentine in a crown fatigue laboratory test. METHODS A woven glass fibre-filled epoxy (NEMA grade G10; G10) and a glass fibre-reinforced polyamide-nylon (30% glass fibre reinforced polyamide-nylon 6,6; RPN) were investigated and compared with human dentine (HD). Flexural strength and elastic modulus (n = 10) were tested on beam-shaped specimens via three-point bending, while indentation hardness (n = 3) was tested after fracture. Abutment substrates of G10, RPN and HD were prepared and resin-bonded with monolithic lithium disilicate crowns (n = 10), then subjected to wet cyclic loading in a step-stress manner (500 N initial load, 100 N step size, 100,000 cycles per step, 20 Hz frequency). Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). Survival probability estimation was performed by Mantel-Cox Log-Rank test with 95% confidence intervals. The fatigue failure load (FFL) and the number of cycles until failure (NCF) were evaluated with Weibull statistics. Finite Element Models of the fatigue test were established for stress distribution analysis and lifetime prediction. Fractographic observations were qualitatively analysed. RESULTS The flexural strength of HD (164.27 ± 14.24 MPa), G10 (116.48 ± 5.93 MPa), and RPN (86.73 ± 3.56 MPa) were significantly different (p < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed in their flexural moduli (p = 0.377) and the indentation hardness between HD and RPN (p = 0.749). The wet cyclic fatigue test revealed comparable mean FFL and NCF of G10 and RPN to HD (p = 0.237 and 0.294, respectively) and similar survival probabilities for the three groups (p = 0.055). However, RPN promotes higher stability and lower deviation of fatigue test results than G10 in Weibull analysis and FEA. SIGNIFICANCE Even though dentine analogue materials might exhibit similar elastic properties and fatigue performance to human dentine, different reliabilities of fatigue on crown-dentine analogues were shown. RPN seems to be a better substrate that could provide higher reliability and predictability of laboratory study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ebrahim Maghami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Edmond Ho Nang Pow
- Prosthodontics, Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James Kit Hon Tsoi
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Kraipok A, Intawin P, Kamnoy M, Bintachitt P, Leenakul W, Panyata S, Eitssayeam S, Tunkasiri T, Pengpat K. Preparation and characterization of lithium disilicate-fluorcanasite glass-ceramics for dental applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105548. [PMID: 36356424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to discuss the preparation, characterization, and characteristics of lithium disilicate-fluorcanasite (LF) glass-ceramics in order to develop new dental glass-ceramics. A typical melt quenching method was used to produce the lithium disilicate (LD) and fluorcanasite (FC) types of glass. Following that, the LD and FC glass frits were combined and remelted in the following LD:FC ratios of 100:0, 0:100, 75:25, and 50:50 wt%, represented by S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively. Based on the thermal analysis data, the glass-ceramic samples were fabricated through the heat treatment method. XRD and SEM were used to characterize the phase formation and microstructures of the prepared glass-ceramics. Archimedes' principle, three-point bending, and chemical solubility tests were used to determine density, flexural strength, and chemical solubility, respectively. The elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the selected samples were also evaluated using a Vickers hardness test. It was found that the S3 glass-ceramic sample (S3-789) has a longer LD crystalline phase than that of the S4 glass-ceramic sample (S4-788), resulting in a higher density and hardness. Furthermore, the S3-789 sample had by far the greatest Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and flexural strength, so it was chosen for future study to assess its bioactivity in SBF due to its superior mechanical properties and good machinability. The SBF bioactivity test validated the S3-789 sample's high bioactive performance. As a result, the S3-789 sample may be a good option for use as a novel material in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Kraipok
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pratthana Intawin
- Division of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Manlika Kamnoy
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Patamas Bintachitt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Leenakul
- Division of Industrial Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Surapong Panyata
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sukum Eitssayeam
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tawee Tunkasiri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Kamonpan Pengpat
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Yıldız P, Güneş Ünlü D, Talay Çevlik E, Üşümez A. Removal of lithium disilicate veneers with Er,Cr:YSGGL laser: now? Or after ageing? Lasers Med Sci 2022; 38:12. [PMID: 36539658 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was purposed to assess the impact of ageing and resin cements polymerized with different modes on the removal time of lithium disilicate (LiSi) ceramics using Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Ninety LiSi slabs (6 × 6 × 1 mm) were cemented to freshly extracted bovine teeth using cements polymerized with different modes (light-curing (LC), dual-curing (DC), self-curing (SC)). The specimens were divided into subgroups according to ageing conditions (no thermal cycling, 5000 or 30,000 thermal cycling). After that, Er,Cr:YSGG laser was applied until LiSi slabs were debonded; the removal time was recorded. Vickers microhardness test, SEM and EDS analyses were performed for specimens with the longest exposure time to laser application in the groups. One uncemented sample was also used as a control. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Ageing and cement polymerization mode significantly affected the removal time of LiSi specimens. The removal time for the self-curing resin cement group (22.67 ± 12.68 s) was significantly longer than for cements polymerized with other methods (LC = 10.833 ± 7.28 s, DC = 12.0 ± 7.96 s). Removal time was significantly reduced after ageing in all polymerization modes; however, there were no significant differences between 5000 (11.83 ± 7.52 s) and 30,000 (11.83 ± 7.26 s) thermal cycling groups. Self-curing resin cements had prolonged the laser-aided removal time for LiSi ceramics. It can be concluded that Er,Cr:YSGG laser-aided removal of LiSi veneers after clinical use can be done more faster than its immediate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Yıldız
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, 38040, Turkey.
| | - Damla Güneş Ünlü
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, 38040, Turkey
| | - Esra Talay Çevlik
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Üşümez
- Division of Prosthodontics, Dentalplus Implant Clinics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Jodha KS, Kaur N, Salazar Marocho SM, Mecholsky JJ, Lirette ST, Duan Y, Griggs JA. Relationship between fracture toughness and fractal dimensional increment in two types of dental glass-ceramics with different fracture surface roughness. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1977-1988. [PMID: 36414435 PMCID: PMC9888424 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have reported the fractal dimensional increment of glass-ceramic fracture surfaces. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between fracture toughness and fractal dimensional increment of two dental glass-ceramics with different volume fraction of crystals and different fracture surface roughness. METHODS Bar-shaped specimens were prepared from lithium disilicate (LDS) and nanofluorapatite (NFA) glass-ceramics. One face of each specimen was indented using a Knoop diamond at 25 N (LDS) or 10 N (NFA) followed by loading in 4-point, or 3-point flexure, respectively, until failure. Fracture toughness (Kc) was calculated using the surface crack in flexure (SCF) technique (ASTM C1421). Epoxy replicas of the fracture surfaces were scanned using the atomic force microscope (AFM) followed by noise filtering. The FRACTALS software was used to determine the fractal dimensional increment (D*) by the Minkowski cover algorithm. RESULTS Median (25%, 75% quartiles) fracture toughness of LDS bars were 1.62 (1.59, 1.69) MPa m1/2 and NFA bars were 0.68 (0.66, 0.74) MPa m1/2, respectively. The median fractal dimension (D) value (25%, 75% quartiles) before noise filtering were 2.16 (2.15, 2.17) and after noise filtering were 2.14 (2.14, 2.15) for LDS and before noise filtering were 2.29 (2.21, 2.38) and after noise filtering were 2.17 (2.17, 2.18) for NFA. Median (25%, 75% quartiles) surface roughness (Ra) before noise filtering were 139 (119, 188) nm and after noise filtering were 137 (118, 187) nm for LDS and before noise filtering were 7 (6, 15) nm and after noise filtering were 7 (6, 15) nm for NFA. SIGNIFICANCE Noise filtering successfully eliminated noise from the material with smooth fracture surfaces (NFA), decreasing the measured fractal dimension. The NFA data fit a Kc vs. D*1/2 statistical model for fused silica previously tested using a similar technique. The equation relating fracture toughness to the fractal dimension was modified, accounting for the toughening mechanisms. Fractal analysis with noise filtering can be used to estimate the fracture toughness of dental glass-ceramics that do not exhibit crack bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikeya S Jodha
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA
| | - Navleen Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA
| | | | - John J Mecholsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, USA
| | - Seth T Lirette
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA
| | - Jason A Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA.
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Yamockul S, Thamrongananskul N. A novel alumina-ceria polishing paste demonstrated superior polishing of lithium disilicate compared with diamond paste. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:668-674. [PMID: 35584934 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a polishing paste containing ceria to polish lithium disilicate. The samples were prepared, polished with sandpaper using a polishing-machine, the surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer and randomly divided into 7 groups (n=10). The control group was polished with diamond paste (D). The 6 remaining groups were polished with alumina-ceria paste with different ratios of deionized water:alumina:ceria by weight: 1:0.5:0.5 (AC0.5), 1:0.5:1 (AC1), 1:0.5:1.5 (AC1.5), 1:0.5:2 (AC2), 1:0.5:2.5 (AC2.5) and 1:0.5:3 (AC3). The specimens were polished for 30 s and their Ra values were determined. The surface roughness measurement was repeated after an additional 30 s of polishing until 120 s of polishing had been performed. The Ra values decreased as the ratio of ceria increased. The surface morphology of the samples analyzed using scanning electron microscopy corresponded with their Ra values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparaksa Yamockul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
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Stück AVD, Raith S, Reich S. Twenty-four months in vivo wear of enamel antagonists to lithium disilicate implant crowns - a pilot study. J Dent 2022; 124:104215. [PMID: 35810925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether there is a significant difference between the ratio of wear of lithium disilicate implant crowns and their enamel antagonists and adjacent enamel/enamel antagonist contacts. Additionally, the movement of the adjacent teeth was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intraoral scans of the occlusal surfaces of 41 patients were performed after insertion of the implant restoration (baseline), after 12 and 24 months. From the initial study cohort, eleven implant crown/enamel antagonist pairs with adjacent enamel antagonist pairs could be analyzed in nine patients after 12 months. After 24 months, ten implant crowns of eight patients were available due to one decementation of an implant crown. A semiautomatic specifically developed iterative closest point algorithm was used to superimpose the surfaces of the baseline scan with the follow-up scans to measure the maximum height loss of each identified wear side. The mean maximum tooth wear and the standard deviation (SD) were calculated per unit. The ratio of wear of enamel/enamel antagonist teeth and the wear ratio of adjacent lithium disilicate implant crowns and their enamel antagonist surfaces were evaluated. Tooth movements were described by translations and rotations using a separate measurement procedure. The surfaces of the scans were superimposed setting the implant as a reference structure for registration. RESULTS After 12 months the wear ratio between the enamel antagonist pairs was 0.95 ± 0.27 µm and the ratio between lithium disilicate/enamel was 0.73 ± 0.49 µm. After 24 months the ratio of enamel antagonist pairs was 1.04 ± 0.28 µm and the ratio of lithium disilicate/enamel was 0.73 ± 0.51 µm. The ratios did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS Intraoral scanning and computer analysis showed that the two-years wear ratios between enamel/enamel and enamel/lithium disilicate implant crowns did not differ significantly. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE The methodology described in this study could measure tooth wear and detect long-term wear performance. In the future, digital monitoring of prosthetic restorations should be integrated into clinical workflow to identify potential factors affecting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle von der Stück
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raith
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Reich
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
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Elraggal A, Afifi R, Abdelraheem I. Effect of erosive media on microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:191. [PMID: 35590294 PMCID: PMC9118722 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erosive acids might create surface flaws and deteriorate the mechanical properties of CAD-CAM materials. This invitro study aimed to investigate the effect of simulated gastric HCl and extrinsic erosive acids on surface microhardness and fracture toughness of CAD-CAM materials. Methods 400 bar-shaped specimens (17×4×2 mm3) were prepared from 4 different CAD-CAM dental materials (n = 100/group); monolithic zirconia (Ceramill Zolid HT+, Amanngirbach, Austria), lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio Blocs, VOCO) and polymer-infiltrated glass network (Vita Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik). Specimens from each material type were further subdivided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the erosive media applied (simulated gastric HCl, white wine, Coca-Cola®, orange juice, and artificial saliva that served as a control). Specimens were immersed for 24 h in an incubator at 37 ℃, then ultrasonically cleaned in distilled water and air-dried. Half of the specimens were tested for Vickers microhardness (VHN) at parameters of 500 gf for 10 s, while the rest of the specimens underwent 3-point flexure till fracture. Fractured surfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for fracture toughness (KIC) calculation using the quantitative fractographic analysis method. Data collected were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05) after verification of data normality and homogeneity of variances. Results Erosive media created surface flaws that lowered the surface microhardness of the material and initiated the fracture pattern under different loads according to material type. The material type was a more predominant factor than erosive media that affected either the microhardness or the fracture toughness of CAD-CAM dental materials. The highest VHN and KIC values were found among Ceramill Zolid HT+ groups followed by IPS e.max CAD and Grandio Blocs regardless of the erosive media employed. Erosive media significantly reduced the VHN and KIC in Vita Enamic specimens compared to the rest of the material types. Conclusion All CAD-CAM materials used, except Vita Enamic, showed high resistance against the erosive acids indicating higher longevity of the material in patients frequently exposed to either extrinsic or intrinsic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeldin Elraggal
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion street, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rania Afifi
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion street, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Islam Abdelraheem
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion street, Alexandria, Egypt
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Wang F, Li D, Meng M, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental glass-ceramics. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35473925 PMCID: PMC9044826 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wear resistance affects dental ceramics longevity and the functions of the opposing teeth. However, data for the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of dental ceramics are lacking. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous environment on wear resistance of typical dental glass–ceramics. Methods Disk specimens were prepared from lithium disilicate glass–ceramics (LD) and leucite reinforced glass–ceramics (LEU). The disk specimens paired with steatite antagonists were tested in a pin-on-disk tribometer under both wet and dry conditions with 10 N up to 500,000 wear cycles. The wear analysis of glass–ceramics was performed using a 3D profilometer after 100,000, 300,000 and 500,000 wear cycles. Wear morphologies were analyzed by employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystalline compositions of specimens stored in a dry environment and subsequently immersed in distilled water for 40 h were separately determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The chemical states of the wear surfaces for LD were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The data analysis and multiple pair-wise comparisons of means were performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results LEU in a wet environment exhibited less wear volume loss than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The volume loss of LD in a wet environment was higher than that in a dry environment (p < 0.05). The wear volumes of steatite antagonists paired with two glass–ceramics under dry conditions were higher than under wet conditions. Conclusions XPS spectra of LD under wet conditions indicated that high wear loss might result from the effect of stress corrosion by water and reaction of water with the ionic-covalent bonds at the crack tip. XPS spectra and SEM images of LD under dry conditions showed a possible formation of tribofilm. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, water was wear-friendly to LEU and all opposing steatites but aggravated wear for LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Xi Road 145, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Alahmari NM. Influence of Arabic Qahwa Beverage on Optical and Mechanical Properties of Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramics and Zirconia Restorative Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:154-161. [PMID: 35748443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study aims to assess the effect of Arabic Qahwa (AQ) on the color parameters of lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC), IPS e.max computer-aided design (CAD), and multilayered zirconia CAD/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) ceramic materials after immersion in AQ and also, to measure the biaxial fracture strength and fracture modes of the tested materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty circular specimens were milled from LDGC and zirconia. Before AQ immersion, the color parameters of the specimens L, a, and b were measured and recorded using a spectrophotometer on white, black, and gray background and analyzed after AQ staining and aging for 14 days. Biaxial compressive forces and fracture types were recorded. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS for descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc tests. RESULTS The overall TP values were 16.79 and 15.85 for LDGC and zirconia, respectively. The recorded ΔE* values were 2.63 and 2.99 for LDGC and zirconia, which have no remarkable difference. The TP values after AQ staining were slightly lesser. Subgroup analysis revealed considerable differences in TP values among zirconia specimens under both backgrounds, whereas substantial differences in ΔE* values were observed between LDGC and zirconia under white background only. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) had higher biaxial fracture forces than zirconia. Reparable, semi-reparable, and non-reparable fractures comprised 60, 30, and 10% of the overall fracture modes, respectively, with significant differences between and within groups (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION AQ staining had a marked effect on the TP and ΔE* values of the tested CAD/CAM materials, but the values were within clinically acceptable levels. The optical properties were dependent on the material. Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) had higher biaxial fracture forces than zirconia. Reparable fracture was the dominant type among the examined materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glazed surface for any CAD/CAM ceramic prostheses is highly recommended. Both tested materials are strongly recommended to be used for AQ consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Alahmari
- Prosthetic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, e-mail:
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Wille S, Lehmann F, Kern M. Durability of resin bonding to lithium disilicate using different self-etching and conventional ceramic primers after long-term aging. Dent Mater 2022; 38:444-450. [PMID: 34998602 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the bonding durability after artificial aging provided by a self-etching and a no-etching ceramic primer compared to primers, which are applied by the etch and rinse method. METHODS Lithium disilicate blocks were bonded to a composite resin (Clearfill Core, Kuraray) using 5 bonding methods (N = 24). Specimens of group MEP were bonded using a self-etching primer and the corresponding luting resin (Monobond Etch&Prime/Variolink Esthetic, Ivoclar Vivadent) Specimens of group UBE were bonded using a two-bottle silane solution (Universal Primer/Estecem, Tokuyama) without hydrofluoric acid ceramic etching. Specimens of the other 3 groups were bonded using etch and rinse bonding systems with prior hydrofluoric acid ceramic etching (MPV: Monobond Plus/Variolink Esthetic, Ivoclar Vivadent; SUR: Scotchbond Universal/RelyX Ultimate, 3 M; GML: G-Multi Primer/G-CEM LinkForce, GC). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n = 8) according to the storage conditions (3 days water storage (37 °C), 30 days water storage, 7,500 thermal cycles (5-55 °C) and 150 days water storage, 37,500 thermal cycles). The tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured and the data was statistically analyzed. RESULTS After 3 days the median TBS ranged from 14.6 to 41.7 MPa, after 30 days from 4.2 to 39.0 MPa and after 150 days from 0 to 29.7 MPa. Both bonding systems utilizing a self-etching primer showed a significantly lower TBS than group MPV using a conventional ceramic bonding system. SIGNIFICANCE Especially after long-term storage with additional thermal cycling the bonding systems using primers without hydrofluoric acid ceramic etching do not provide a high bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wille
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Frank Lehmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Prosthodontics, Propaedeutics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Wang F, Shao Y, Ning C. Sol-gel preparation of ZrO 2-Li 2Si 2O 5 ceramics and their sintering properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105032. [PMID: 34902755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite zirconia (ZrO2) ceramics and lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) glass-ceramics have been widely applied on the market for dental restorations, composites that can combine the advantages of both are still demanded. Here we introduced a ZrO2-Li2Si2O5 ceramic with minimized glass phases that fabricated through a sol-gel method and subsequent pressureless sintering. ZrO2-Li2Si2O5 powders were obtained after the gel precursors were heat treated under 800 °C. The gel-derived powders were molded and pressureless sintered under 900-1000 °C to investigate their sintering properties. From the microstructures of the sintered samples, we knew that the densification process was dominated by the growth of Li2Si2O5 grains instead of the growth of ZrO2 grains. Increasing in Li2Si2O5 content can promote ceramic densification. Interestingly, reactions between ZrO2 and Li2Si2O5 were observed with sintering temperature higher than 916 °C, which can increase the porosity of the ceramics. Therefore, both the content of Li2Si2O5 and sintering temperature should be well adjusted to achieve samples with desired properties. Finally, ceramics with flexural strength of 226 MPa and porosity of 0.4% were achieved from powders with moderate Li2Si2O5 content after sintering at 1000 °C.
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Abdulrahman S, Von See Mahm C, Talabani R, Abdulateef D. Evaluation of the clinical success of four different types of lithium disilicate ceramic restorations: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:625. [PMID: 34876103 PMCID: PMC8650461 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose How long do lithium disilicate restorations last before they fail? The aim of this study was to assess the success rate of four different types of restorations made from lithium disilicate. Materials and methods A total of 87,203 ceramic restorations, classified into four different types (inlay or onlay, veneers (Vs), single crowns (SCs), and fixed partial dentures (FPDs)), were used. All were made of lithium disilicate (IPS e.Max CAD) with Cerec Inlab CAD/CAM system (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany). They were reported by dentists and entered in the database of the private B&R Dental Center between March 2015 and June 2020 and assessed retrospectively up to a period of 5 years based on the following parameters: failure rate and cause of failures (ceramic fracture, debonding, marginal adaptation, color match, endodontic intervention, periodontal disease, and secondary caries). Failure distribution according to gender, arch, and teeth type was also evaluated. The time-dependent time-to-failure/complication and their differences were calculated in months according to the Kaplan Meier and log-rank tests. The Chi-squared test (p 0.05) was used to assess the variations in causes of failure rates between different restorations. Results Kaplan Meier test showed overall cumulative survival probability of lithium disilicate restorations for up to years was 85.08%. Inlay/onlay and Vs ceramic restorations showed highest cumulative survival probability (99.4%, 98.6, respectively). FPDs had the least cumulative survival probability (52.9%) which was significantly (P < 0.00001) higher than for other ceramic restorations using the log-rank test. Moreover, overall time-dependent time-to-failure/complication occurred after 52.373 months according to Kaplan–Meier (CI: lower bound: 51.875 months; upper bound: 52.871 months). Ceramic fracture in both FPDs and SCs (27.6% and 26.6%, respectively) and debonding in Vs (12.7%) were significant as the main reasons for failure (P = 0.000). The failure rate was significantly higher for the maxillary arch than the mandibular arch (P = 0.021). Fracture and marginal discrepancy were more frequent in the molar region (77.5% and 14.75%, respectively) and significantly higher here than in the anterior and premolar regions (P = 0.000). Conclusion The medium-term performance of lithium disilicate is ideal. Ceramic fracture was the most common cause of failure in SCs and FPDs. FPDs presented with the highest failure rate based on evaluation for up to 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharo Abdulrahman
- Department of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems-Stein, Austria
| | - Constantin Von See Mahm
- Department of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems-Stein, Austria
| | - Ranjdar Talabani
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq.
| | - Darwn Abdulateef
- Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq
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Cadore-Rodrigues AC, Machry RV, Zucuni CP, Pereira GKR, Valandro LF. Grinding and polishing of the inner surface of monolithic simplified restorations made of zirconia polycrystals and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic: Effects on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the bonded restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104833. [PMID: 34562764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of grinding and polishing the inner surface of monolithic discs made of zirconia polycrystals (ZR) and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) on the load-bearing capacity under fatigue of the restorations bonded onto a dentin analogue material (epoxy resin). ZR and LD ceramic discs (10 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) were produced and randomly allocated into 10 groups considering the internal adjustment approach: Ctrl - No adjustment; F - Grinding with fine diamond bur (46 μm); F + Pol - Grinding with fine diamond bur followed by polishing with 2 tips (finisher and polisher); FF - Grinding with extrafine diamond bur (30 μm); FF + Pol - Grinding with extrafine diamond bur followed by polishing. In addition, discs (10 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness) of fiber reinforced epoxy resin were produced. Afterwards, the intaglio surface of the ZR discs were air-abraded with 45 μm alumina particles for 10 s, the LD and resin epoxy discs were etched with hydrofluoric acid (5%/20 s and 10%/60 s, respectively), and the treated discs were primed as recommended. Each ceramic disc was luted onto the epoxy resin disc with resin cement. Then, the samples were tested under a step-stress fatigue test (20 Hz, 10,000 cycles/step, step-size of 100 N starting at 200 N, and proceeding until failure detection). Fractographic, topographic and surface roughness analysis were also performed. The adjustments (grinding with or without polishing) (ZR: 733-880 N; LD: 1040-1106 N) triggered a detrimental effect on the fatigue behavior in both ceramics compared with the absence of treatment (control group; ZR: 973 N; LD: 1406 N). The polishing step had no effect on fatigue findings. Thus, grinding the inner surface of the tested ceramics should be avoided wherever possible to prevent introducing damage and its detrimental effects on the fatigue behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Renan Vaz Machry
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Camila Pauleski Zucuni
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Felipe Valandro
- MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Sciences (Prosthodontic Units), Faculty of Odontology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Zhang LX, Hong DW, Zheng M, Yu H. Is the bond strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate lower than that of lithium disilicate? A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:530-537. [PMID: 34853237 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare the bond strength of resin composites with that of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and lithium disilicate (LD). STUDY SELECTION This review was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA 2020) statement. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021256900). Studies were searched via PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases without language or publication year limits. In vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength of the resin composites to ZLS and LD were included. The risk of bias in all the included articles was evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager software (version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). RESULTS Of the 90 potentially related articles, the full texts of 16 articles were evaluated after screening. Finally, sevenstudies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. All the studies presented a medium risk of bias. The results showed no significant difference in bond strength between the ZLS and LD groups (P = 0.94, mean difference=0.08, and 95% confidence interval=-1.93 to 2.10). However, a significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis considering different types of aging treatments (P = 0.0008) and different types of bond strength tests (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The bond strength of resin composites was found to be similar to that of ZLS and LD, but different aging treatments and bond strength tests exhibited varying effects on the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xian Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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