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Leszczynski D. The lack of international and national health policies to protect persons with self-declared electromagnetic hypersensitivity. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 39:163-189. [PMID: 36288575 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS), known also as an idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) or a microwave sickness, is not considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being caused by the exposures to electromagnetic fields (EMF). EHS is not recognized as a disease anywhere in the world. Some studies have roughly estimated that 1-10% of the population might experience some form of EHS. However, because of the lack of diagnostic criteria for EHS, these estimates might be either under- or over-estimates. Because the vast majority of human population is exposed to EMF, the possibility of developing EHS from the EMF is a substantial public health issue that should be dealt with globally, even if the individual risk of developing EHS might be small. The WHO recognizes that the symptoms experienced by the EHS persons might be severe and might significantly hamper everyday life. However, after a broad analysis of international and national documents, there seems to be currently no effort to develop health policies for the dealing with EHS, no matter what causes it. National governments, follow the opinions of the WHO and the EMF safety standards setting organizations, the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety (IEEE-ICES), are not developing any practical health policy advisories for self-declared EHS sufferers. However, symptoms experienced by the self-declared EHS persons affect their well-being and, according to the Constitution of the WHO, are a health problem. Hence, independently of what causes EHS symptoms, this admitted well-being-impairment should be dealt with globally by developing an uniform health policy. Furthermore, WHO, ICNIRP and IEEE-ICES should be advocating and supporting research that would generate a reliable scientific evidence on what are the possible cause(s) of EHS. Without such research there is not possible to develop diagnostic methods as well as any possible mitigation approaches. There is an urgent need for the WHO to advocate for the national governments to urgently develop a comprehensive and common EHS health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Leszczynski
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- 'Radiation and Health', Frontiers in Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Riego ML, Meher PK, Brzozowska B, Akuwudike P, Bucher M, Oestreicher U, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Chromosomal damage, gene expression and alternative transcription in human lymphocytes exposed to mixed ionizing radiation as encountered in space. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11502. [PMID: 38769353 PMCID: PMC11106305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Astronauts travelling in space will be exposed to mixed beams of particle radiation and photons. Exposure limits that correspond to defined cancer risk are calculated by multiplying absorbed doses by a radiation-type specific quality factor that reflects the biological effectiveness of the particle without considering possible interaction with photons. We have shown previously that alpha radiation and X-rays may interact resulting in synergistic DNA damage responses in human peripheral blood lymphocytes but the level of intra-individual variability was high. In order to assess the variability and validate the synergism, blood from two male donors was drawn at 9 time points during 3 seasons of the year and exposed to 0-2 Gy of X-rays, alpha particles or 1:1 mixture of both (half the dose each). DNA damage response was quantified by chromosomal aberrations and by mRNA levels of 3 radiation-responsive genes FDXR, CDKN1A and MDM2 measured 24 h post exposure. The quality of response in terms of differential expression of alternative transcripts was assessed by using two primer pairs per gene. A consistently higher than expected effect of mixed beams was found in both donors for chromosomal aberrations and gene expression with some seasonal variability for the latter. No synergy was detected for alternative transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagrosa López Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prabodha Kumar Meher
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beata Brzozowska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bucher
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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Cherednichenko O, Pilyugina A, Nuraliev S, Azizbekova D. Persons chronically exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation: A cytogenetic dosimetry study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 894:503728. [PMID: 38432778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The dosimetry and control of exposure for individuals chronically exposed to ionizing radiation are important and complex issues. Assessment may be optimized by evaluating individual adaptation and radiosensitivity, but it is not possible for a single model to account for all relevant parameters. Our goal was to develop approaches for the calculation of doses for persons chronically exposed to ionizing radiation, taking their radiosensitivities into consideration. On the basis of ex vivo radiation of blood samples, dose-effect models were constructed for dose ranges 0.01-2.0 and 0.01-0.4 Gy, using different cytogenetic criteria. The frequencies of "dicentric chromosomes and rings" at low doses are too low to have predictive value. The different responses of subjects to radiation made it possible to categorize them according to their radiosensitivities and to generate separate dose-effect curves for radiosensitive, average, and radioresistant individuals, reducing the amount of error in retrospective dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbai Nuraliev
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Dinara Azizbekova
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
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Kanagaraj K, Phillippi MA, Narayan P, Szolc B, Perrier JR, McLane A, Wolden SL, Barker CA, Wang Q, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Assessment of Micronuclei Frequency in the Peripheral Blood of Adult and Pediatric Patients Receiving Fractionated Total Body Irradiation. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:121-130. [PMID: 37793357 PMCID: PMC10946645 DOI: 10.1159/000534433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established method for assessing chromosome damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes resulting from exposure to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to measure cytogenetic DNA damage and hematology parameters in vivo based on MN frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from adult and pediatric leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation preceded by total body irradiation (TBI) as part of the conditioning regimen. CBMN assay cultures were prepared from fresh blood samples collected before and at 4 and 24 h after the start of TBI, corresponding to doses of 1.25 Gy and 3.75 Gy, respectively. For both age groups, there was a significant increase in MN yields with increasing dose (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent decrease in the nuclear division index (NDI; p < 0.0001). In the pre-radiotherapy samples, there was a significantly higher NDI measured in the pediatric cohort compared to the adult due to an increase in the percentage of tri- and quadri-nucleated cells scored. Complete blood counts with differential recorded before and after TBI at the 24-h time point showed a rapid increase in neutrophil (p = 0.0001) and decrease in lymphocyte (p = 0.0006) counts, resulting in a highly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 14.45 ± 1.85 after 3.75 Gy TBI (pre-exposure = 4.62 ± 0.49), indicating a strong systemic inflammatory response. Correlation of the hematological cell subset counts with cytogenetic damage, indicated that only the lymphocyte subset survival fraction (after TBI compared with before TBI) showed a negative correlation with increasing MN frequency from 0 to 1.25 Gy (r = -0.931; p = 0.007). Further, the data presented here indicate that the combination of CBMN assay endpoints (MN frequency and NDI values) and hematology parameters could be used to assess cytogenetic damage and early hematopoietic injury in the peripheral blood of leukemia patients, 24 h after TBI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle A. Phillippi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pratyush Narayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Szolc
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda McLane
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A. Barker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Núñez-Benjumea FJ, González-García S, Moreno-Conde A, Riquelme-Santos JC, López-Guerra JL. Benchmarking machine learning approaches to predict radiation-induced toxicities in lung cancer patients. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 41:100640. [PMID: 37251617 PMCID: PMC10213176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Radiation-induced toxicities are common adverse events in lung cancer (LC) patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). An accurate prediction of these adverse events might facilitate an informed and shared decision-making process between patient and radiation oncologist with a clearer view of life-balance implications in treatment choices. This work provides a benchmark of machine learning (ML) approaches to predict radiation-induced toxicities in LC patients built upon a real-world health dataset based on a generalizable methodology for their implementation and external validation. Materials and Methods Ten feature selection (FS) methods were combined with five ML-based classifiers to predict six RT-induced toxicities (acute esophagitis, acute cough, acute dyspnea, acute pneumonitis, chronic dyspnea, and chronic pneumonitis). A real-world health dataset (RWHD) built from 875 consecutive LC patients was used to train and validate the resulting 300 predictive models. Internal and external accuracy was calculated in terms of AUC per clinical endpoint, FS method, and ML-based classifier under analysis. Results Best performing predictive models obtained per clinical endpoint achieved comparable performances to methods from state-of-the-art at internal validation (AUC ≥ 0.81 in all cases) and at external validation (AUC ≥ 0.73 in 5 out of 6 cases). Conclusion A benchmark of 300 different ML-based approaches has been tested against a RWHD achieving satisfactory results following a generalizable methodology. The outcomes suggest potential relationships between underrecognized clinical factors and the onset of acute esophagitis or chronic dyspnea, thus demonstrating the potential that ML-based approaches have to generate novel data-driven hypotheses in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Núñez-Benjumea
- Innovation & Data Analysis Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Virgen Macarena University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Alberto Moreno-Conde
- Innovation & Data Analysis Unit, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS/Virgen Macarena University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - José L. López-Guerra
- Radiation Oncology Department, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBIS/Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Jesse S, Kuhlmann L, Hildebrand LS, Magelssen H, Schmaus M, Timmermann B, Andres S, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Increased Radiation Sensitivity in Patients with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050820. [PMID: 36899955 PMCID: PMC10000830 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is an inherited global developmental disorder commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder. Due to a significantly increased radiosensitivity, measured before the start of radiotherapy of a rhabdoid tumor in a child with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, the question arose whether other patients with this syndrome also have increased radiosensitivity. For this purpose, the radiation sensitivity of blood lymphocytes after irradiation with 2Gray was examined using the G0 three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in a cohort of 20 patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome from blood samples. The results were compared to healthy volunteers, breast cancer patients and rectal cancer patients. Independent of age and gender, all but two patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome showed significantly increased radiosensitivity, with an average of 0.653 breaks per metaphase. These results correlated neither with the individual genetic findings nor with the individual clinical course, nor with the respective clinical severity of the disease. In our pilot study, we saw a significantly increased radiosensitivity in lymphocytes from patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, so pronounced that a dose reduction would be recommended if radiotherapy had to be performed. Ultimately, the question arises as to the interpretation of these data. There does not appear to be an increased risk of tumors in these patients, since tumors are rare overall. The question, therefore, arose as to whether our results could possibly be the basis for processes, such as aging/preaging, or, in this context, neurodegeneration. There are no data on this so far, but this issue should be pursued in further fundamentally based studies in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhlmann
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura S. Hildebrand
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henriette Magelssen
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital (The Norwegian Radium Hospital), 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina Schmaus
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy at WPE, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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Mollaee PF, Azimian H, Ghadim NZ, Dolat E, Sheykhoo A, Bahreyni-Toossi MT. The role of intrinsic radiosensitivity in the low-dose adaptive response induction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S737-S742. [PMID: 38384048 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_978_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Fakour Mollaee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Zafari Ghadim
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Dolat
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Sheykhoo
- Medical Physics Department, Reza Radiation Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
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ICRP PUBLICATION 153 Approved by the Commission in September 2022. Ann ICRP 2022; 51:9-95. [PMID: 36942865 DOI: 10.1177/01466453221142702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary use of radiation in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disease has expanded and diversified, as have the corresponding radiological protection concerns. Radiological exposure of personnel involved in veterinary procedures and, where applicable, members of the public providing assistance (e.g. owners or handlers) has always been included within the system of radiological protection. Veterinary practice is now addressed explicitly as the modern complexities associated with this practice warrant dedicated consideration, and there is a need to clarify and strengthen the application of radiological protection principles in this area. The Commission recommends that the system of radiological protection should be applied in veterinary practice principally for the protection of humans, but with explicit attention to the protection of exposed animals. Additionally, consideration should be given to the risk of potential contamination of the environment associated with applications of nuclear medicine in veterinary practice. This publication focuses primarily on justification and optimisation in veterinary practice, and sets the scene for more detailed guidance to follow in future Recommendations. It is intended for a wide-ranging audience, including radiological protection professionals, veterinary staff, students, education and training providers, and members of the public, as an introduction to radiological protection in veterinary practice.© 2022 ICRP. Published by SAGE.
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Gulli F, Geddes TJ, Pruetz BL, Wilson GD. Investigation of the physiological response of radiation-induced cystitis patients using hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 38:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Vasilyev SA, Savchenko RR, Belenko AA, Skryabin NA, Sleptsov AA, Fishman VS, Murashkina AA, Gribova OV, Startseva ZA, Sukhikh ES, Vertinskiy AV, Sukhikh LG, Serov OL, Lebedev IN. ADAMTS1 Is Differentially Expressed in Human Lymphocytes with Various Frequencies of Endogenous γH2AX Foci and Radiation-Induced Micronuclei. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542210012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Ramadan R, Baselet B, Laiakis EC, Sebastian S, Beaton D, Hartikainen JM, Kaiser JC, Beheshti A, Salomaa S, Chauhan V, Hamada N. Application of radiation omics in the development of adverse outcome pathway networks: an example of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1722-1751. [PMID: 35976069 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure of the heart to doses of ionizing radiation as low as 0.5 Gy increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality with a latency period of decades. The damaging effects of radiation to myocardial and endothelial structures and functions have been confirmed radiobiologically at high dose, but much less is known at low dose. Integration of radiation biology and epidemiology data is a recommended approach to improve the radiation risk assessment process. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a comprehensive tool to compile and translate mechanistic information into pathological endpoints which may be relevant for risk assessment at the different levels of a biological system. Omics technologies enable the generation of large volumes of biological data at various levels of complexity, from molecular pathways to functional organisms. Given the quality and quantity of available data across levels of biology, omics data can be attractive sources of information for use within the AOP framework. It is anticipated that radiation omics studies could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the adverse effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we explored the available omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their applicability to the proposed AOP for CVD. RESULTS The results of 80 omics studies published on radiation-induced CVD over the past 20 years have been discussed in the context of the AOP of CVD proposed by Chauhan et al. Most of the available omics data on radiation-induced CVD are from proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, whereas few datasets were available from epigenomics and multi-omics. The omics data presented here show great promise in providing information for several key events of the proposed AOP of CVD, particularly oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The omics data presented here shows promise to inform the various levels of the proposed AOP of CVD. However, the data highlight the urgent need of designing omics studies to address the knowledge gap concerning different radiation scenarios, time after exposure and experimental models. This review presents the evidence to build a qualitative omics-informed AOP and provides views on the potential benefits and challenges in using omics data to assess risk-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raghda Ramadan
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine (HMGU-IRM), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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O'Neill E, Cornelissen B. Know thy tumour: Biomarkers to improve treatment of molecular radionuclide therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 108-109:44-53. [PMID: 35276447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular radionuclide therapy (MRT) is an effective treatment for both localised and disseminated tumours. Biomarkers can be used to identify potential subtypes of tumours that are known to respond better to standard MRT protocols. These enrolment-based biomarkers can further be used to develop dose-response relationships using image-based dosimetry within these defined subtypes. However, the biological identity of the cancers treated with MRT are commonly not well-defined, particularly for neuroendocrine neoplasms. The biological heterogeneity of such cancers has hindered the establishment of dose-responses and minimum tumour dose thresholds. Biomarkers could also be used to determine normal tissue MRT dose limits and permit greater injected doses of MRT in patients. An alternative approach is to understand the repair capacity limits of tumours using radiobiology-based biomarkers within and outside patient cohorts currently treated with MRT. It is hoped that by knowing more about tumours and how they respond to MRT, biomarkers can provide needed dimensionality to image-based biodosimetry to improve MRT with optimized protocols and personalised therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O'Neill
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Bosowska J, Modlińska S, Pękala T, Szydło F, Cebula M. Impact of monoplane to biplane angiography upgrade on diagnostic angiography procedures: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Phys Med 2022; 98:40-44. [PMID: 35489130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation dose during digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination is determined on the basis of many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose-area product, air kerma, and fluoroscopy time on monoplane and biplane DSA of the cerebral arteries. Our results show that biplane angiography offered lower DAP, cumulative air kerma at the reference point and fluoroscopy time despite comparable procedure time.. Further research in this area and personnel training warrant the improvement of the radiosafety of angiographic interventional procedures and further development of angiographic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bosowska
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Invasive Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sandra Modlińska
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Invasive Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pękala
- Department of Radiodiagnostics and Invasive Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital of Prof. K. Gibiński, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Filip Szydło
- Department of Radiodiagnostics and Invasive Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital of Prof. K. Gibiński, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maciej Cebula
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Invasive Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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15
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Cherednichenko O, Pilyugina A, Nuraliev S. Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation: Individual variability of chromosomal aberration frequencies and G 0 radiosensitivities. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 873:503434. [PMID: 35094813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bio-monitoring of human radiation exposure is based, as a rule, on a single analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Factors such as radiosensitivity, adaptation, and the stability of cytogenetic indices are not taken into account. We studied frequency of chromosome aberrations (FCA) and G0 chromosome radiosensitivity following in vitro γ-exposure, over a 2.5-year period, for 129 residents of the Dolon settlement, part of the extreme radiation risk zone, Semipalatinsk nuclear test site region, Kazakhstan. Radiosensitivity was evaluated on the basis of FCA and dose assessment by physical dosimetry. FCA was 3-fold higher in Dolon inhabitants as in the control group (p ≤ 0.01). The average coefficient of variability of spontaneous FCA was 31 %. In 20 % of the subjects, it was very high (50-70 %). Individual dose estimation in a single study in such individuals may lead to significant errors. Individual G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity showed less variation (18.7 %). Chronic low-dose irradiation was an adaptive factor to the damaging dose (1 Gy). Three methods of individual radiosensitivity assessment were considered, based on: G0-chromosomal radiosensitivity under additional in vitro γ-radiation; FCA and average dose per year; FCA and total dose received during years of residence in a radiocontaminated settlement, according to physical dosimetry. There is a significant difference in response (FCA) between radiosensitive and radioresistant individuals. This should be taken into account in individual dosimetry and risk assessment of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Cherednichenko
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan.
| | - Anastassiya Pilyugina
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
| | - Serikbai Nuraliev
- Laboratory of Genetic Monitoring, Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Al-Faraby 93, Kazakhstan
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16
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Węgierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A, Lisowska H, Kędzierawski P, Akuwudike P, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Cisplatin Reduces the Frequencies of Radiotherapy-Induced Micronuclei in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Patients with Gynaecological Cancer: Possible Implications for the Risk of Second Malignant Neoplasms. Cells 2021; 10:2709. [PMID: 34685687 PMCID: PMC8534481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynaecologic cancers are common among women and treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, where the last two methods induce DNA damage in non-targeted cells like peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Damaged normal cells can transform leading to second malignant neoplasms (SMN) but the level of risk and impact of risk modifiers is not well defined. We investigated how radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy induce DNA damage in PBL of cervix and endometrial cancer patients during therapy. Blood samples were collected from nine endometrial cancer patients (treatment with radiotherapy + chemotherapy-RC) and nine cervical cancer patients (treatment with radiotherapy alone-R) before radiotherapy, 3 weeks after onset of radiotherapy and at the end of radiotherapy. Half of each blood sample was irradiated ex vivo with 2 Gy of gamma radiation in order to check how therapy influenced the sensitivity of PBL to radiation. Analysed endpoints were micronucleus (MN) frequencies, apoptosis frequencies and cell proliferation index. The results were characterised by strong individual variation, especially the MN frequencies and proliferation index. On average, despite higher total dose and larger fields, therapy alone induced the same level of MN in PBL of RC patients as compared to R. This result was accompanied by a higher level of apoptosis and stronger inhibition of cell proliferation in RC patients. The ex vivo dose induced fewer MN, more apoptosis and more strongly inhibited proliferation of PBL of RC as compared to R patients. These results are interpreted as evidence for a sensitizing effect of chemotherapy on radiation cytotoxicity. The possible implications for the risk of second malignant neoplasms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (A.L.); (H.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (A.L.); (H.L.); (A.W.)
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (A.L.); (H.L.); (A.W.)
| | - Piotr Kędzierawski
- Department of Radiotherapy, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Artwinskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland; (A.L.); (H.L.); (A.W.)
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (P.A.); (L.L.)
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17
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Danko CM, Hong LJ, Slater JD. Multiple severe late adverse effects after definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Calida Marie Danko
- Radiation Oncology Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Linda Jahwa Hong
- Gynecologic Oncology Loma Linda University Medical Center Loma Linda CA USA
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Post-Irradiation Hyperamylasemia Is a Prognostic Marker for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes in Pediatric Population: A Retrospective Single-Centre Cohort Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173834. [PMID: 34501281 PMCID: PMC8432189 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Total body irradiation (TBI) is a mandatory step for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In the past, amylases have been reported to be a possible sign of TBI toxicity. We investigated the relationship between total amylases (TA) and transplant-related outcomes in pediatric recipients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all the patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT between January 2000 and November 2019. The inclusion criteria were the following: recipient’s age between 2 and 18, diagnosis of ALL, no previous transplantation, and use of TBI-based conditioning. The serum total amylase and pancreatic amylase were evaluated before, during, and after transplantation. Cytokines and chemokines assays were retrospectively performed. Results: 78 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven patients were treated with fractionated TBI, and 21 with a single-dose regimen. The overall survival (OS) was 62.8%. Elevated values of TA were detected in 71 patients (91%). The TA were excellent in predicting the OS (AUC = 0.773; 95% CI = 0.66–0.86; p < 0.001). TA values below 374 U/L were correlated with a higher OS. The highest mean TA values (673 U/L) were associated with a high disease-progression mortality rate. The TA showed a high predictive performance for disease progression-related death (AUC = 0.865; 95% CI = 0.77–0.93; p < 0.0001). Elevated TA values were also connected with significantly higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and RANTES (p < 0.001). Conclusions: this study shows that TA is a valuable predictor of post-transplant OS and increased risk of leukemia relapse.
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Marczyk M, Polańska J, Wojcik A, Lundholm L. Analysis of the Applicability of microRNAs in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes as Biomarkers of Sensitivity and Exposure to Fractionated Radiotherapy towards Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8705. [PMID: 34445424 PMCID: PMC8395710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for predicting individual response to radiation and for dose verification are needed to improve radiotherapy. A biomarker should optimally show signal fidelity, meaning that its level is stable and proportional to the absorbed dose. miRNA levels in human blood serum were suggested as promising biomarkers. The aim of the present investigation was to test the miRNA biomarker in leukocytes of breast cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy. Leukocytes were isolated from blood samples collected prior to exposure (control); on the day when a total dose of 2 Gy, 10 Gy, or 20 Gy was reached; and one month after therapy ended (46-50 Gy in total). RNA sequencing was performed and univariate analysis was used to analyse the effect of the radiation dose on the expression of single miRNAs. To check if combinations of miRNAs can predict absorbed dose, a multinomial logistic regression model was built using a training set from eight patients (representing 40 samples) and a validation set with samples from the remaining eight patients (15 samples). Finally, Broadside, an explorative interaction mining tool, was used to extract sets of interacting miRNAs. The most prominently increased miRNA was miR-744-5p, followed by miR-4461, miR-34a-5p, miR-6513-5p, miR-1246, and miR-454-3p. Decreased miRNAs were miR-3065-3p, miR-103a-2-5p, miR-30b-3p, and miR-5690. Generally, most miRNAs showed a relatively strong inter-individual variability and different temporal patterns over the course of radiotherapy. In conclusion, miR-744-5p shows promise as a stable miRNA marker, but most tested miRNAs displayed individual signal variability which, at least in this setting, may exclude them as sensitive biomarkers of radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Marczyk
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.M.); (J.P.)
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joanna Polańska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.M.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
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20
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Tinganelli W, Luoni F, Durante M. What can space radiation protection learn from radiation oncology? LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 30:82-95. [PMID: 34281668 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protection from cosmic radiation of crews of long-term space missions is now becoming an urgent requirement to allow a safe colonization of the moon and Mars. Epidemiology provides little help to quantify the risk, because the astronaut group is small and as yet mostly involved in low-Earth orbit mission, whilst the usual cohorts used for radiation protection on Earth (e.g. atomic bomb survivors) were exposed to a radiation quality substantially different from the energetic charged particle field found in space. However, there are over 260,000 patients treated with accelerated protons or heavier ions for different types of cancer, and this cohort may be useful for quantifying the effects of space-like radiation in humans. Space radiation protection and particle therapy research also share the same tools and devices, such as accelerators and detectors, as well as several research topics, from nuclear fragmentation cross sections to the radiobiology of densely ionizing radiation. The transfer of the information from the cancer radiotherapy field to space is manifestly complicated, yet the two field should strengthen their relationship and exchange methods and data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Francesca Luoni
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Biophysics Department, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, Germany.
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21
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Thabet NM, Rashed ER, Abdel-Rafei MK, Moustafa EM. Modulation of the Nitric Oxide/BH4 Pathway Protects Against Irradiation-Induced Neuronal Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1641-1658. [PMID: 33755856 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP, IDO/Kyn pathway) is an important metabolic pathway related to many diseases. Although cranial radiotherapy is the mainstay in metastatic tumors management, its efficacy is limited owing to the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Sildenafil (SD) and simvastatin (SV) were reported to have antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects and to serve as NO donor/BH4 regulator, respectively. Fluoxetine (Fx) is an FDA-approved anti-depressant agent and one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs (SSRI), used in neurological disorder treatment. The study objective was to investigate the role of cranial irradiation (C-IR) on KP signaling impairment and the possible intervention by SD and/or SV (as nitric oxide (NO) donor/Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) regulatory) on KP following C-IR-induced disruption compared with Fx (as standard drug).Herein, rats were exposed to C-IR at a single dose level of 25 Gy, then treated with sildenafil (SD) and/or simvastatin (SV), and fluoxetine (Fx) at doses of 75, 20, 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. The body weight gain and forced swimming test (FST) were used for evaluation along with the biochemical quantifications of KP intermediates and histopathological examination of cortex and hippocampus. The results indicated a significant activation of KP following C-IR as manifested by decreased Trp content and increased activities of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) with a rise in kynurenine (KYN) and quinolinic acid (QA) hippocampal contents. In addition, a state of C-IR-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, NO-pathway dysregulation and neuronal apoptosis were observed as compared to the control group. However, significant modulations were recorded after the combined administration of SD and SV than those offered by each of them alone and by Fx. The biochemical assessment results were supported by the histopathological tissue examination. It could be concluded that the co-administration of SV and SD offers a neuroprotective effect against irradiation-induced brain injury due to its NO donor/BH4 regulatory activities, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that modulate IDO/KYN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Magdy Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy Refaat Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas Mahmoud Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Savchenko RR, Murashkina AA, Fishman VS, Sukhikh ES, Vertinsky AV, Sukhikh LG, Serov OL, Lebedev IN, Vasilyev SA. Effect of ADAMTS1 Differential Expression on the Radiation-Induced Response of HеLа Cell Line. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Lewis AM, Taylor LE, Jhavar SG, Swanson GP, Bailey SM. Telomere Length Dynamics and Chromosomal Instability for Predicting Individual Radiosensitivity and Risk via Machine Learning. J Pers Med 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33800260 PMCID: PMC8002073 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict a cancer patient's response to radiotherapy and risk of developing adverse late health effects would greatly improve personalized treatment regimens and individual outcomes. Telomeres represent a compelling biomarker of individual radiosensitivity and risk, as exposure can result in dysfunctional telomere pathologies that coincidentally overlap with many radiation-induced late effects, ranging from degenerative conditions like fibrosis and cardiovascular disease to proliferative pathologies like cancer. Here, telomere length was longitudinally assessed in a cohort of fifteen prostate cancer patients undergoing Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) utilizing Telomere Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (Telo-FISH). To evaluate genome instability and enhance predictions for individual patient risk of secondary malignancy, chromosome aberrations were assessed utilizing directional Genomic Hybridization (dGH) for high-resolution inversion detection. We present the first implementation of individual telomere length data in a machine learning model, XGBoost, trained on pre-radiotherapy (baseline) and in vitro exposed (4 Gy γ-rays) telomere length measurements, to predict post radiotherapy telomeric outcomes, which together with chromosomal instability provide insight into individual radiosensitivity and risk for radiation-induced late effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J. Luxton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.J.L.); (M.J.M.); (A.M.L.); (L.E.T.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Miles J. McKenna
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.J.L.); (M.J.M.); (A.M.L.); (L.E.T.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Aidan M. Lewis
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.J.L.); (M.J.M.); (A.M.L.); (L.E.T.)
| | - Lynn E. Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.J.L.); (M.J.M.); (A.M.L.); (L.E.T.)
| | - Sameer G. Jhavar
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (S.G.J.); (G.P.S.)
| | - Gregory P. Swanson
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (S.G.J.); (G.P.S.)
| | - Susan M. Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (J.J.L.); (M.J.M.); (A.M.L.); (L.E.T.)
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Dröge LH, Hennies S, Lorenzen S, Conradi LC, Quack H, Liersch T, Helms C, Frank MA, Schirmer MA, Rave-Fränk M, Beißbarth T, Wolff HA. Prognostic value of the micronucleus assay for clinical endpoints in neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for rectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:219. [PMID: 33663399 PMCID: PMC7931609 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The question whether lymphocyte radiosensitivity is representative of patients’ response to radiotherapy (RT) remains unsolved. We analyzed lymphocyte cytogenetic damage in patients who were homogeneously treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) for rectal cancer within clinical trials. We tested for interindividual variation and consistent radiosensitivity after in-vivo and in-vitro irradiation, analyzed the effect of patients’ and RCT characteristics on cytogenetic damage, and tested for correlations with patients’ outcome in terms of tumor response, survival and treatment-related toxicity. Methods The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay was performed on the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) of 134 patients obtained before, during, at the end of RCT, and during the 2-year follow-up. A subset of PBLCs obtained before RCT was irradiated in-vitro with 3 Gy. RCT included 50.4 Gy of pelvic RT with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone (n = 78) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (n = 56). The analyzed variables included patients’ age, gender, RT characteristics (planning target volume size [PTV size], RT technique), and chemotherapy characteristics (5-FU plasma levels, addition of oxaliplatin). Outcome was analyzed as tumor regression, patient survival, and acute and late toxicity. Results Cytogenetic damage increased significantly with the radiation dose and varied substantially between individuals. Women were more sensitive than men; no significant age-dependent differences were observed. There was a significant correlation between the cytogenetic damage after in-vitro irradiation and in-vivo RCT. We found a significant effect of the PTV size on the yields of cytogenetic damage after RCT, while the RT technique had no effect. Neither the addition of oxaliplatin nor the 5-FU levels influenced cytogenetic damage. We found no correlation between patient outcome and the cytogenetic damage. Conclusions We found consistent cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes after in-vivo RCT and in-vitro irradiation. Gender was confirmed as a well-known, and the PTV size was identified as a less well-known influencing variable on lymphocyte cytogenetic damage after partial-body irradiation. A consistent level of cytogenetic damage after in-vivo and in-vitro irradiation may indicate the importance of genetic factors for individual radiosensitivity. However, we found no evidence that in-vivo or in-vitro irradiation-induced cytogenetic damage is an adequate biomarker for the response to RCT in rectal cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07914-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Hendrik Dröge
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Hennies
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Lorenzen
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henriette Quack
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Liersch
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Helms
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Alice Frank
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Anton Schirmer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margret Rave-Fränk
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Andreas Wolff
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, 80333, Munich, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Quan Y, Sun M, Tan Z, Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A, van der Meer A, Xie Y. Organ-on-a-chip: the next generation platform for risk assessment of radiobiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39521-39530. [PMID: 35515392 PMCID: PMC9057494 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip devices have been widely used in biomedical science and technology, for example for experimental regenerative medicine and precision healthcare. The main advantage of organ-on-a-chip technology is the facility to build a specific human model that has functional responses on the level of organs or tissues, thereby avoiding the use of animal models, as well as greatly improving new drug discovery processes for personal healthcare. An emerging application domain for organs-on-chips is the study of internal irradiation for humans, which faces the challenges of the lack of a clear model for risk estimation of internal irradiation. We believe that radiobiology studies will benefit from organ-on-a-chip technology by building specific human organ/tissues in vitro. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the state-of-the-art in organ-on-a-chip research in different domains, and conclude with the challenges of radiobiology studies at internal low-dose irradiation. Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to significantly improve the radiobiology study as it can mimic the function of human organs or tissues, and here we summarize its potential benefits and possible breakthrough areas, as well as its limitations in internal low-dose radiation studies. Organ-on-a-chip technology has great potential for the next generation risk estimation of low dose internal irradiation, due to its success in mimicking human organs/tissues, which possibly can significantly improve on current animal models.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Miao Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andries van der Meer
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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Stritzelberger J, Lainer J, Gollwitzer S, Graf W, Jost T, Lang JD, Mueller TM, Schwab S, Fietkau R, Hamer HM, Distel L. Ex vivo radiosensitivity is increased in non-cancer patients taking valproate. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 33099323 PMCID: PMC7585294 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valproate (VPA) is a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug for patients experiencing epileptic seizures due to brain tumors. VPA increases radiation sensitivity in various tumor cells in vitro due to complex mechanisms. This could make tumors more vulnerable to ionizing radiation or overcome radioresistance. Yet, clinical data on possible improvement of tumor control by adding VPA to tumor therapy is controversial. Potentially radiosensitizing effects of VPA on healthy tissue remain unclear. To determine individual radiosensitivity, we analyzed blood samples of individuals taking VPA. Methods Ex vivo irradiated blood samples of 31 adult individuals with epilepsy were studied using 3-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Aberrations in chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 were analyzed. Radiosensitivity was determined by the mean breaks per metaphase (B/M) and compared to age-matched (2:1) healthy donors. Results The patient cohort (n = 31; female: 38.7%) showed an increase of their average B/M value compared to healthy individuals (n = 61; female: 56.9%; B/M: 0.480 ± 0.09 vs. 0.415 ± 0.07; p = .001). The portion of radiosensitive (B/M > 0.500) and distinctly radiosensitive individuals (B/M > 0.600) was increased in the VPA group (54.9% vs. 11.3 and 9.7% vs. 0.0%; p < .001). In 3/31 patients, radiosensitivity was determined prior to and after VPA treatment and radiosensitivity was increased by VPA-treatment. Conclusions In our study, we confirmed that patients treated with VPA had an increased radiosensitivity compared to the control group. This could be considered in patients taking VPA prior to the beginning of radiotherapy to avoid toxic side effects of VPA-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Stritzelberger
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Lainer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gollwitzer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Graf
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes D Lang
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tamara M Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hajo M Hamer
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany, Universitaetsstraße 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Olofsson D, Cheng L, Fernández RB, Płódowska M, Riego ML, Akuwudike P, Lisowska H, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Biological effectiveness of very high gamma dose rate and its implication for radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:451-460. [PMID: 32488310 PMCID: PMC7368856 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental studies are carried out to compare biological effectiveness of high dose rate (HDR) with that of low dose rate (LDR). The rational for this is the uncertainty regarding the value of the dose rate effectiveness factor (DREF) used in radiological protection. While a LDR is defined as 0.1 mGy/min or lower, anything above that is seen as HDR. In cell and animal experiments, a dose rate around 1 Gy/min is usually used as representative for HDR. However, atomic bomb survivors, the reference cohort for radiological protection, were exposed to tens of Gy/min. The important question is whether gamma radiation delivered at very high dose rate (VHDR-several Gy/min) is more effective in inducing DNA damage than that delivered at HDR. The aim of this investigation was to compare the biological effectiveness of gamma radiation delivered at VHDR (8.25 Gy/min) with that of HDR (0.38 Gy/min or 0.79 Gy/min). Experiments were carried out with human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Endpoints related to DNA damage response were analysed. The results show that in PBMC, VHDR is more effective than HDR in inducing gene expression and micronuclei. In U2OS cells, the repair of 53BP1 foci was delayed after VHDR indicating a higher level of damage complexity, but no VHDR effect was observed at the level of micronuclei and clonogenic cell survival. We suggest that the DREF value may be underestimated when the biological effectiveness of HDR and LDR is compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Olofsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubén Barrios Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Milagrosa López Riego
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiobiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
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29
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Effects of Genetic Variation on Urinary Small Molecule Signatures of Mice after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: A Study of p53 Deficiency. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060234. [PMID: 32521675 PMCID: PMC7345090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to risks from potential exposures to ionizing radiation (IR), improved radiological countermeasures are required, as well as rapid high-throughput biodosimetry. Genotypic variation in the general population contributes to differences in radiosensitivity that may affect biodosimetry accuracy. Previous studies utilized radiosensitive mutant mouse models (Parp1−/− and Atm−/−) to determine the effects of genotypic deficiency on radiation signatures. Here, we extend this approach by examining changes in the urinary metabolome in a hematopoietic (HP) resistant mouse model (p53−/−) after IR exposure. As p53 is a primary regulator in radiation response and apoptosis, limited hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis leads to reduced mortality at doses of ~8–10 Gy but increased mortality at higher doses (>15 Gy) due to mitotic catastrophe in gastrointestinal (GI) crypt cells. Urine was collected from mice (wild-type (WT), p53+/−, and p53−/−) pre-irradiation and at 4 and 24 h after total body irradiation (TBI) (WT: 8 and 10 Gy; p53−/−: 10 Gy) for metabolic phenotyping using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. Minimal differences were detected between unirradiated WT, p53+/−, and p53−/− mice. While similar perturbations were observed for metabolites involved in tryptophan, vitamin B6, and histamine pathways, glycine conjugation, and redox metabolism for WT and p53−/− mice after TBI, an overall dampened response was observed in p53-deficient mice. Despite comparable metabolite patterns between genotypes, differentiation was achieved through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with high specificity and sensitivity for carnitine, N1-acetylspermidine, and creatine. These studies highlight that both attenuated and dampened metabolic responses due to genetic variability in the general population need to be addressed in biodosimetry frameworks.
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Borges da Silva E, Brayner Cavalcanti M, Ferreira Da Silva CS, de Salazar E Fernandes T, Azevedo Melo J, Lucena L, Maciel Netto A, Amaral A. Micronucleus assay for predicting side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:60-66. [PMID: 32436746 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1759143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an important treatment for cervical cancer. The quality of life of patients undergoing RT may be compromised during and following treatment by nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, burns, erythema and fistula. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays may be useful for predicting adverse effects of RT for cancer. The CBMN test is easy to perform and is reproducible for screening subjects exposed to ionizing radiation. We investigated the use of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) from peripheral blood samples, irradiated in vitro, as a possible biomarker to predict the side effects of RT in patients with cervical cancer. We used 10 patients with cervical cancer receiving RT and chemotherapy. We found a strong relation between the frequency of MN and the appearance of acute side effects of RT for cervical cancer. We suggest that the methodology presented here may be useful for predicting side effects of RT for patients affected by cervical cancer and who have undergone chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvane Borges da Silva
- Academic Center of Vitória, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan Azevedo Melo
- Royal Institute of Radiotherapy, Royal Portuguese Hospital , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luciano Lucena
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Maciel Netto
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ademir Amaral
- Department of Nuclear Energy, Federal University of Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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31
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Applegate KE, Rühm W, Wojcik A, Bourguignon M, Brenner A, Hamasaki K, Imai T, Imaizumi M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Kamada T, Nishimura N, Okonogi N, Ozasa K, Rübe CE, Sadakane A, Sakata R, Shimada Y, Yoshida K, Bouffler S. Individual response of humans to ionising radiation: governing factors and importance for radiological protection. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2020; 59:185-209. [PMID: 32146555 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue reactions and stochastic effects after exposure to ionising radiation are variable between individuals but the factors and mechanisms governing individual responses are not well understood. Individual responses can be measured at different levels of biological organization and using different endpoints following varying doses of radiation, including: cancers, non-cancer diseases and mortality in the whole organism; normal tissue reactions after exposures; and, cellular endpoints such as chromosomal damage and molecular alterations. There is no doubt that many factors influence the responses of people to radiation to different degrees. In addition to the obvious general factors of radiation quality, dose, dose rate and the tissue (sub)volume irradiated, recognized and potential determining factors include age, sex, life style (e.g., smoking, diet, possibly body mass index), environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics, stochastic distribution of cellular events, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes or viral infections. Genetic factors are commonly thought to be a substantial contributor to individual response to radiation. Apart from a small number of rare monogenic diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia, the inheritance of an abnormally responsive phenotype among a population of healthy individuals does not follow a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. Rather it is considered to be a multi-factorial, complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Paris Saclay (UVSQ), Verseilles, France
| | - A Brenner
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Imai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Imaizumi
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Kamada
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Okonogi
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - R Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Shimada
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Bouffler
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilto, Didcot, UK
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Lee E, Eum SY, Slifer SH, Martin ER, Takita C, Wright JL, Hines RB, Hu JJ. Association Between Polymorphisms in DNA Damage Repair Genes and Radiation Therapy-Induced Early Adverse Skin Reactions in a Breast Cancer Population: A Polygenic Risk Score Approach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 106:948-957. [PMID: 32007367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes may influence radiation therapy (RT)-induced acute normal tissue toxicity in patients with breast cancer. Identifying an individual or multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RT-induced early adverse skin reactions (EASR) is critical for precision medicine in radiation oncology. METHODS AND MATERIALS At the completion of RT, EASR was assessed using the Oncology Nursing Society scale (0-6) in 416 patients with breast cancer, and Oncology Nursing Society score ≥4 was considered RT-induced EASR. PLINK set-based tests and subsequent individual SNP association analyses were conducted to identify genes and SNPs associated with EASR among the 53 DDR genes and 1968 SNPs. A weighted polygenic risk score (PRS) model was constructed to ascertain the association between the joint effect of risk alleles and EASR. RESULTS The study population consisted of 264 Hispanic whites, 86 blacks or African Americans, 55 non-Hispanic whites, and 11 others. A total of 115 patients (27.6%) developed EASR. Five genes (ATM, CHEK1, ERCC2, RAD51C, and TGFB1) were significantly associated with RT-induced EASR. Nine SNPs within these 5 genes were further identified: ATM rs61915066, CHEK1 rs11220184, RAD51C rs302877, rs405684, TBFB1 rs4803455, rs2241714, and ERCC2 rs60152947, rs10404465, rs1799786. In a multivariable-adjusted PRS model, patients in a higher quartile of PRS were more likely to develop EASR compared with patients in the lowest quartile (ORq2 vs.q1 = 1.94, 95% CI, 0.86-4.39; ORq3 vs.q1 = 3.46, 95% CI, 1.57-7.63; ORq4 vs.q1 = 8.64, 95% CI, 3.92-19.02; and Ptrend < .0001). CONCLUSIONS We newly identified the associations between 9 SNPs in ATM, CHEK1, RAD51C, TGFB1, and ERCC2 and RT-induced EASR. PRS modeling showed its potential in identifying populations at risk. Multiple SNPs in DDR genes may jointly contribute to interindividual variation in RT-induced EASR. Validation in an independent external cohort is required to determine the clinical significance of these predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Health Professions and Sciences, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Sung Y Eum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Susan H Slifer
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eden R Martin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Department of Human Genetics, Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cristiane Takita
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jean L Wright
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert B Hines
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jennifer J Hu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Averbeck D, Candéias S, Chandna S, Foray N, Friedl AA, Haghdoost S, Jeggo PA, Lumniczky K, Paris F, Quintens R, Sabatier L. Establishing mechanisms affecting the individual response to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:297-323. [PMID: 31852363 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Humans are increasingly exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Both low (<100 mGy) and high doses can cause stochastic effects, including cancer; whereas doses above 100 mGy are needed to promote tissue or cell damage. 10-15% of radiotherapy (RT) patients suffer adverse reactions, described as displaying radiosensitivity (RS). Sensitivity to IR's stochastic effects is termed radiosusceptibility (RSu). To optimize radiation protection we need to understand the range of individual variability and underlying mechanisms. We review the potential mechanisms contributing to RS/RSu focusing on RS following RT, the most tractable RS group.Conclusions: The IR-induced DNA damage response (DDR) has been well characterized. Patients with mutations in the DDR have been identified and display marked RS but they represent only a small percentage of the RT patients with adverse reactions. We review the impacting mechanisms and additional factors influencing RS/RSu. We discuss whether RS/RSu might be genetically determined. As a recommendation, we propose that a prospective study be established to assess RS following RT. The study should detail tumor site and encompass a well-defined grading system. Predictive assays should be independently validated. Detailed analysis of the inflammatory, stress and immune responses, mitochondrial function and life style factors should be included. Existing cohorts should also be optimally exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge Candéias
- CEA, CNRS, LCMB, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm UA8 Unit Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Cimap-Laria, Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE,), University of Caen Normandy, France.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Bioscience, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope A Jeggo
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
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Radiation dose monitoring: time for a paradigm change? Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:1193-1194. [PMID: 31568195 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gomolka M, Blyth B, Bourguignon M, Badie C, Schmitz A, Talbot C, Hoeschen C, Salomaa S. Potential screening assays for individual radiation sensitivity and susceptibility and their current validation state. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:280-296. [PMID: 31347938 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1642544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The workshop on 'Individual Radiosensitivity and Radiosusceptibility' organized by MELODI and CONCERT on Malta in 2018, evaluated the current state of assays to identify sensitive and susceptible subgroups. The authors provide an overview on potential screening assays detecting individuals showing moderate to severe early and late radiation reactions or are at increased risk to develop cancer upon radiation exposure.Conclusion: It is necessary to separate clearly between tissue reactions and stochastic effects such as cancer when comparing the existing literature to validate various test systems. Requirements for the assays are set up. The literature is reviewed for assays that are reliable and robust. Sensitivity and specificity of the assays are regarded and scrutinized for modifying factors. Accuracy of an assay system is required to be more than 90% to balance risks of adverse reactions against risk to fail to cure the cancer. No assay/biomarker is in routine use. Assays that have shown predictive potential for radiosensitivity include SNPs, the RILA assay, and the pATM assay. A tree of risk guideline for radiologists is provided to assist medical treatment decisions. Recommendations for effective research include the setup of common retrospective and prospective cohorts/biobanks to validate current and future tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gomolka
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Blyth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Radiation Effects Department Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Schmitz
- Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Paris, France
| | - Christopher Talbot
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute for Medical Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Hamada N, Salomaa S, Dörr W. Toward tailoring radiation protection strategies at an individual level. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:951-954. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1513178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Dörr
- Applied and Translational Radiobiology (ATRAB), Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wojcik A, Bouffler S, Hauptmann M, Rajaraman P. Considerations on the use of the terms radiosensitivity and radiosusceptibility. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2018; 38:N25-N29. [PMID: 29877193 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aacb03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The separate use of the terms 'radiosensitivity' and 'radiosusceptibility' has been suggested to describe variability in the risk of, respectively, adverse tissue reactions (deterministic effect) following radiotherapy and radiation-induced cancer (stochastic effect). The aim of this note is to present arguments against such distinction. We feel that it is premature to make a concrete final judgement on these definitions because of the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying individual sensitivity to both radiation-related cancers and radiation-related tissue injury. Moreover, the exclusive application of 'radiosensitivity' in relation to deterministic effects and the term 'radiosusceptibility' in relation to cancer carries the risk of being wrongly interpreted as evidence for a high, genetically driven sensitivity to radiation in all patients who develop adverse tissue reactions and a high genetic susceptibility to cancer in those who develop radiation-induced malignancies. There is a need for further research to better define these phenomena and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Sweden and Institute for Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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