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Iwasa Y, Hihara S, Ishizaki K, Yasui G, Hiro M, Sugimura K. Identity development and online and offline prosocial behaviors among early and middle adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148347. [PMID: 37303905 PMCID: PMC10248000 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has demonstrated that adolescents of the digital age engage in developmental tasks by interacting with others in both online and offline environments. However, no studies have investigated how adolescents develop their identity, a crucial developmental task, by engaging in online and offline prosocial behaviors. To address this research gap, we examined the role of online and offline prosocial behavior in identity development during adolescence using variable- and person-centered approaches. The participants were 608 individuals in early adolescence (50.2% girls; age range = 12-13 years, Mage = 12.75 years, SD = 0.43) and 594 individuals in middle adolescence (50.3% girls; age range = 15-16 years, Mage = 15.79 years, SD = 0.41) in Japan. They completed questionnaires to measure identity development, online and offline prosocial behavior, and demographic characteristics. The results from the variable-centered approach (i.e., identity dimensions) revealed that both online and offline prosocial behaviors were positively related to commitments and proactive explorations in early and middle adolescence. The findings from the person-centered approach (i.e., identity statuses) demonstrated that early and middle adolescents with higher levels of online prosocial behavior were more likely to show searching moratorium than all other identity statuses, whereas those with higher levels of offline prosocial behavior were more likely to show achievement than troubled diffusion, carefree diffusion, and undifferentiated. Consistent with both variable- and person-centered approaches, these findings highlight that online prosocial behavior can be a new resource for identity development in adolescence. Moreover, the results suggest that online prosocial behaviors lead to identity status in the process of maturing identity and that offline prosocial behavior is necessary to become more mature identity status. Regarding practical implications, educating adolescents on digital media literacy, including supportive behavior in online environments, is crucial to gradually exploring their identity. In addition, for adolescents to develop more mature identity, adults should create in-person environments in which they participate in offline prosocial behavior. The limitations of our findings with respect to the online and offline prosocial behavior scale items are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iwasa
- Division of Liberal Arts, Natural, Social, and Health Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Genki Yasui
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiro
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Oh HY, Davis EB, Klaunig M, Narita Z, Koyanagi A, Karcher NR. Religiousness and psychotic experiences among young adult college students in the United States. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 69:752-762. [PMID: 36384301 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221135849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Religiousness and psychotic experiences have been related, though findings have been mixed, with little attention paid to specific religious affiliations and religious importance. METHODS We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Study (2020-2021), which was an online survey administered at 140 college campuses across the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the associations between religiousness (affiliation and importance) and 12-month psychotic experiences, adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Only Christian religious affiliation was associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences (aOR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.84), while Non-Christian religious affiliation (aOR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.50) and Multiple religious affiliation s were associated with greater odds (aOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.42). Overall, increased religious importance was associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences (aOR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94-0.99). After stratifying by affiliation, religious importance was only associated with lower odds of psychotic experiences among people who identified as Other Christian, Mormon, and Other World Religion. Religious importance was associated with greater odds of psychotic experiences among Atheists, Agnostics, Buddhists, Nothing in Particular, and Multiple Religions. CONCLUSION Religious affiliation and importance had varying associations with psychotic experiences, depending on type of religious affiliation. More research is needed to explore the modifying effects of religiousness. Responsiveness to religious beliefs and practices may be critical when assessing risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Y Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Mallory Klaunig
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, ICREA
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Crocetti E, Albarello F, Meeus W, Rubini M. Identities: A developmental social-psychological perspective. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 34:161-201. [PMID: 38504829 PMCID: PMC10950040 DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2022.2104987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we review research that uses a cross-fertilisation approach to integrate developmental and social-psychological perspectives on how identities are formed and changed over time and how identity processes are genuinely social, being embedded in social contexts and fed by social contents. First, we outline the three-factor identity model as a parsimonious approach to understanding the dynamics of identity development. Second, we review empirical studies with longitudinal approaches to shed light on how identity processes are embedded in key contexts such as family, friendships and society at large through behaviours such as civic engagement. Third, we discuss the interplay between personal and social identities. We conclude by highlighting how adopting a cross-fertilisation approach that combines social-psychological and developmental perspective can significantly advance the theoretical understanding of identity dynamics. Finally, we address similarities and differences between personal identity and social identity approaches, and we provide an agenda for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Albarello
- Department of Psychology of Development and Socialization Processes, Sapienza – University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Wim Meeus
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monica Rubini
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ramey HL, Lawford HL, Pancer SM, Matsuba MK, Pratt MW. Trajectories of Youth's Helping From Adolescence into Adulthood: The Importance of Social Relations and Values. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 69:134-144. [PMID: 34409607 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Helping behaviors (e.g., helping a sick friend, volunteering) are important forms of community involvement and likely change with age and life context. Yet, trajectories of community helping from adolescence through early adulthood have rarely been examined. It is also unclear how the roles of family, friends, and social attitudes might foster the development of helping behaviors across these years. We report on a study of community helping in a Canadian youth sample, across five intervals over a 15-year span, beginning at age 17 (N = 416). Helping displayed a quadratic trend, decreasing into the mid-20s, and then rebounding somewhat by 32. Social responsibility and salience of friends' prosocial moral values positively predicted age 17 community helping, whereas parents' moral values predicted less decrease in helping over this timeline. These findings add to an understanding of moral influences and social responsibility, in the potential shaping of youths' community helping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Ramey
- Department of Child & Youth Studies, Brock University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement at the Students Commission of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Social and Community Services, Humber Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather L Lawford
- Centre of Excellence for Youth Engagement at the Students Commission of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - S Mark Pancer
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - M Kyle Matsuba
- Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Michael W Pratt
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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"We Are Young, We Run Free": Predicting Factors of Life Satisfaction among Young Backpackers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031429. [PMID: 35162448 PMCID: PMC8835121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although research from a positive psychology perspective is conducted among different populations, few studies have examined the predictors of life satisfaction among young backpackers. The current study focused on young adults (ages 21–30), an age group for whom backpacking treks are a growing phenomenon, during their treks in the Far East and South America. Direct and indirect models were used to identify personal factors and environmental resources contributing to life satisfaction. After at least one month abroad, 318 young adults (M = 23.76) answered a self-report quantitative questionnaire. The findings show that personal resources, social support, and community participation were positively associated with life satisfaction, and risk-taking behaviors were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Social support and community participation partially mediated the association between risk-taking behaviors and life satisfaction and between personal resources and life satisfaction. The implications of the findings for the subjective well-being of young backpackers during their transition to adulthood include, among others, the need to help young backpackers maintain their personal and social resources as valuable assets for coping with challenges during their trips. It is also important to increase awareness of the possible wide-ranging negative effects of risk-taking behaviors during backpacking trips.
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Fong CP, To SM. Civic Engagement, Social Support, and Sense of Meaningfulness in Life of Adolescents Living in Hong Kong: Implications for Social Work Practice. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 41:1-13. [PMID: 35095181 PMCID: PMC8781701 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-022-00819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the moderation effect of social support on youth's civic engagement and meaning in life. To address this research gap, the current study examines the relationship among civic engagement, different sources of social support (family, significant others, and friends), and sense of meaningfulness in life. 1330 High school students in Hong Kong were recruited to participate into a survey in this study. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the possible moderation effect of social support on youth's civic engagement and meaning in life. The results indicate a positive association between civic engagement and the sense of meaningfulness in life. Social support from family and significant others is also found to be associated positively with the sense of meaningfulness in life. Surprisingly, a negative moderation effect of social support from friends is found in the relationship between civic engagement and the sense of meaningfulness in life, which reminds us to reconsider the nature of friendship support. The results suggest that the government and social workers should continue to facilitate youth participation in civic engagement. Further, more focus should be put on nurturing positive family relationships and support from significant others, from which youth's sense of meaningfulness can be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pong Fong
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Ming To
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Xu H, Liu S. Exploring the association between community service participation and identity development among middle adolescents: a study in Hong Kong. SELF AND IDENTITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2021.1961853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Xu
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Sisi Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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Maehler DB. Determinants of ethnic identity development in adulthood: A longitudinal study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 40:46-72. [PMID: 34101881 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ethnic identity is defined in terms of the interaction between exploration of and commitment to a given cultural background. The present study investigated the effect of individual background, role transitions, and the social environment on the development of ethnic identity in a sample of German adults aged 21-73 years (N = 2,940). Additionally, identity transitions and the moderating effect of disequilibrating life events on identity over time were examined (N = 827). Overall, results are consistent with findings for other identity domains: Respondents could be assigned to one of four identity stages, ranging from unexamined to achieved identity. Particularly, the individual background and the extent of community involvement affected ethnic identity formation in adulthood. Longitudinal analyses revealed that only one-third of respondents had remained in the same identity stage; most individuals had transitioned forward or backward. Changes in ethnic identity were not moderated by disequilibrating life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora B Maehler
- GESIS - Leibniz-Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Positive and negative valences of identities: Longitudinal associations of identity content valences with adaptive and maladaptive functioning among Japanese young adults. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1516-1530. [PMID: 33766181 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory assumes that valence of one's identity (i.e., identity content valence) defined by positive and negative identity elements is important for understanding patterns of (mal)adaptation. However, previous empirical research on identity and (mal)adaptation has focused on how individuals deal with identity issues (e.g., exploration and commitment), while neglecting identity content valences. In contrast, this study assessed identity content valences in terms of positive and negative identity elements. Theoretically, identity content valences affect (mal)adaptation, whereas individuals' (mal)adaptation influences their identities. Consequently, this study examined reciprocal relationships between identity content valences and adaptation (i.e., prosocial behaviors) and maladaptation (e.g., externalizing symptoms) in a sample of Japanese young adults, including socioculturally relevant indicators of maladaptation (i.e., hikikomori symptoms and suicidal ideation). This study includes 2,313 Japanese young adults who participated in a three-wave longitudinal study. The cross-lagged panel model and random intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed reciprocal relationships between identity content valences and (mal)adaptation at the between-person level. Negative identity elements positively predicted suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, prosocial behaviors positively predicted positive identity elements, whereas hikikomori symptoms and suicidal ideation positively predicted negative identity elements. These relationships were significant only for socioculturally relevant indicators, suggesting the importance of considering sociocultural contexts.
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10
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Davis EB, Van Tongeren DR, McElroy-Heltzel SE, Davis DE, Rice KG, Hook JN, Aten JD, Park CL, Shannonhouse L, Lemke AW. Perceived and actual posttraumatic growth in religiousness and spirituality following disasters. J Pers 2019; 89:68-83. [PMID: 31863719 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Religious/spiritual (R/S) growth is a core domain of posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, research on R/S growth following disasters has over-relied on retrospective self-reports of growth. We therefore examined longitudinal change in religiousness/spirituality following two disasters. METHOD Religious survivors of Hurricanes Harvey (Study 1) and Irma (Study 2) completed measures of perceived R/S PTG, general religiousness/spirituality ("current standing"-R/S PTG), and subfacets of religiousness/spirituality (spiritual fortitude, religious motivations, and benevolent theodicies). In Study 1, 451 participants responded at 1-month and 2-month postdisaster. In Study 2, participants responded within 5-days predisaster and at 1-month (N = 1,144) and 6-months postdisaster (N = 684). RESULTS In both studies, perceived R/S PTG was weakly related to longitudinal increases in general religiousness/spirituality and in most of its subfacets, but reliable growth in any R/S outcome was rare. Additionally, Study 2 revealed evidence that actual change in psychological well-being is associated with actual (but not perceived) R/S PTG, but disaster survivors tend to exhibit declines in their religiousness/spirituality, spiritual fortitude, and religious motivations. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest disaster survivors are only modestly accurate in perceiving how much positive R/S change they experience following a disaster. We discuss implications for clinical practice, scientific research, and empirical and conceptual work on PTG more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Davis
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois
| | | | | | - Don E Davis
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kenneth G Rice
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua N Hook
- Psychology Department, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Jamie D Aten
- Humanitarian Disaster Institute, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Laura Shannonhouse
- Department of Counseling and Psychological Services, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin W Lemke
- School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois
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Metzger A, Ferris KA, Oosterhoff B. Adolescents' Civic Engagement: Concordant and Longitudinal Associations Among Civic Beliefs and Civic Involvement. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:879-896. [PMID: 29947450 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between adolescent civic and organized activities (volunteering, standard political, social movement, school/community, religious) and civic beliefs (comprised of should, obligation, and respect judgments) were examined. Cross-sectional models (N = 703, Mage = 15.87) indicated domain specificity between adolescent civic beliefs and behaviors. Longitudinal models (n = 219, Mage = 15.39) indicated that adolescents' standard political beliefs predicted greater levels of standard political involvement one year later, and school/community activities predicted greater standard political beliefs a year later. Youth volunteering predicted lower standard political beliefs, and standard political involvement predicted lower community service beliefs one year later. Findings support the assessment of adolescent sociomoral civic beliefs and demonstrate how civic experiences and civic beliefs can mutually promote each other during adolescence.
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Hardy SA, Nelson JM, Moore JP, King PE. Processes of Religious and Spiritual Influence in Adolescence: A Systematic Review of 30 Years of Research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:254-275. [PMID: 31206875 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is a systematic review of 30 years (1988-2017) of empirical research on processes of religious/spiritual influence in adolescence. We followed a multi-step process that resulted in 241 studies organized according to eight research questions and the corresponding methods and analyses typically used to address them. We coded these studies based on the dimensions of religiosity/spirituality and the youth outcomes involved. In some cases (quantitative studies of mediation and moderation, as well as qualitative studies) we also coded a third process variable. Results of the coding process revealed a number of interesting patterns. First, religiosity/spirituality is generally adaptive for adolescents, protecting them from negative outcomes (e.g., risk behaviors and mental illness), and promoting positive youth development and flourishing. Nevertheless, in some contexts, religiosity/spirituality may be at least partially maladaptive. Second, there is some evidence, from experimental and longitudinal studies, that relations between religiosity/spirituality and adaptive outcomes are causal. Third, there are numerous complex and dynamic processes by which religiosity/spirituality relate to youth outcomes. In terms of mediation studies, the most salient mediating processes seem to involve religiosity/spirituality dimensions, peers, values/attitudes, and social control/norms. Fourth, religiosity/spirituality is multidimensional, involving various interwoven facets at the individual and ecological levels. Private or personal aspects of religiosity/spirituality (e.g., religious/spiritual importance) tend to be more salient predictors of outcomes than public aspects of religiosity/spirituality (e.g., religious worship service attendance). The results of this systematic review point to promising directions for future research. First, more research is needed studying a broader range of dimensions of religiosity/spirituality, processes of influence, and outcomes. In terms of religiosity/spirituality, much of the prior work has focused on overall religiosity/spirituality, and religious/spiritual behaviors (e.g., worship service attendance). In terms of outcomes, the emphasis has been on religiosity/spirituality protecting against maladaptive outcomes (e.g., substance use). Second, more research is needed examining the role of culture, and using more rigorous methods (e.g., experience sampling, experimental design, longitudinal design, or mixed methods). This systematic review provides a detailed analysis of what is known regarding processes of religious/spiritual influence in the lives of adolescents, and hopefully better positions researchers to move the field forward.
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How is Civic Engagement Related to Personal Identity and Social Identity in Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults? A Person-Oriented Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:731-748. [PMID: 29453739 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and emerging adulthood are periods in life when individuals both question and define their place in society and form their identity. Meanwhile, active youth civic engagement represents a challenge for each democracy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the different forms of civic engagement among late adolescents and emerging adults and how they are related to personal identity and social identity, while adopting an integrative perspective through the lens of a person-oriented approach. The participants were 1217 (62.3% female) 16-24 year-old French students (M age = 19.17; SD age = 1.83). First, derived from cluster analyses, the findings emphasized diversity in civic engagement, from strong civic participation (in different formal and informal ways) to various forms of passivity. Diversity was also highlighted for personal identity and social identity profiles. Second, a Configural Frequency Analysis revealed a typical pattern associating passivity in civic engagement, personal carefree diffusion and rejection of social identity. Overall, these findings highlight an absence of general youth disaffection and provide a meaningful specific pattern for the understanding of passivity in political and civic matters in late adolescence and emerging adulthood.
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Phalet K, Fleischmann F, Hillekens J. Religious Identity and Acculturation of Immigrant Minority Youth. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. This review proposes an integrative contextual and developmental approach to religious identity development and acculturative adaptation among adolescents with an immigrant background. Relevant research with minority adolescents has addressed three main research questions: (1) What is distinctive about religious identity development in (Muslim) minority youth? (2) How does religious identity relate to their acculturative adaptation? and (3) What is the role of interpersonal and intercultural relations in specific acculturation contexts? In line with multiple developmental pathways in specific acculturation contexts, Muslim youth in Europe showed either stability or an increase in religious identification throughout adolescence, yet religious identity development varied greatly across religious communities and receiving societies. In support of the adaptive function of identity development in acculturating youth, (2) the religious identity of Muslim adolescents contributed positively to their psychological adaptation through the commitment to heritage culture values and identities; and it was either unrelated or conflicting with mainstream culture adoption and sociocultural adaptation, depending on specific acculturation contexts. Finally, religious identities reflect the bicultural social world of minority adolescents: strong and stable religious identities were premised on religious transmission in interpersonal relations with immigrant parents and minority peers. Moreover, religious identity conflict or compatibility with mainstream cultural values and identities was contingent on intercultural relations: perceived discrimination and Islamophobia fuel identity conflict in Muslim youth, whereas more harmonious intercultural relations enable compatible and adaptive pathways of religious identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Phalet
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, KU Leuven, Belgium
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Xu H, Yang M. Development of Adolescent Moral and Civic Identity Through Community Service: A Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558417698570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This article draws on Marcia’s model that defines four statuses of adolescents’ identity formation to examine adolescent moral and civic identity formation. Interviews were conducted with 23 students at three Hong Kong senior secondary schools to address the following research question: How does community service help adolescents develop their moral and civic identities? Among the participants, most of them reported attaining moral identity development and just a few participants reported civic identity development; nonetheless, one of them did not report identity development in the moral and civic domains. Furthermore, five core elements of community service programs facilitating the participants’ identity formation emerged from the findings, namely, meaningful service activities, diversity, youth voice, reflection, and extended service duration. The influence of these service elements varied across the moral and civic domains of identity. By reporting the findings gained from an East Asian school setting, the article contributes to a fuller understanding of the role of community service in adolescent identity formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Xu
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Min Yang
- The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Ramey HL, Lawford HL, Rose-Krasnor L. Doing for others: Youth's contributing behaviors and psychological engagement in youth-adult partnerships. J Adolesc 2017; 55:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hasford J, Abbott K, Alisat S, Pancer SM, Pratt MW. Community Involvement and Narrative Identity in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Analysis. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2016.1268962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hasford
- School of Child and Youth Care, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayleigh Abbott
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Alisat
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Mark Pancer
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. Pratt
- Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Davis AN, Carlo G, Hardy SA, Olthuis JV, Zamboanga BL. Bidirectional relations between different forms of prosocial behaviors and substance use among female college student athletes. The Journal of Social Psychology 2016; 157:645-657. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1263596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Youth-Adult Partnerships and Youth Identity Style. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:442-453. [PMID: 27037807 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Youth-adult partnerships (e.g., youth leading programs, participating as members of advisory boards) are a common and widely recommended practice in youth work and youth-serving program settings. Although researchers have suggested that these opportunities contribute to youth's identity development, empirical evidence is lacking. In the current study, we tested associations between identity style and degree of youth voice, collaborative youth-adult relationships, and youth's program engagement in 194 youth participating in youth-adult partnerships (M age = 17.6, 62 % female). We found that these characteristics of youth-adult partnerships predicted higher informational identity style, although only program engagement emerged as a unique predictor. Furthermore, exploratory analysis indicated that these associations were moderated by the type of organization. The findings suggest the need for more research on the multiple dimensions of youth-adult partnerships and their association with youth functioning, as well as pointing to the importance of the broader organizational context of youth-adult partnerships.
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Barton YA, Miller L. Spirituality and positive psychology go hand in hand: an investigation of multiple empirically derived profiles and related protective benefits. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:829-43. [PMID: 25862339 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between personal spirituality and positive psychology traits as potentially presented in multiple profiles, rather than monolithically across a full sample. A sample of 3966 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 18-25, mean = 20.19, SD = 2.08) and 2014 older adults (aged 26-82, mean = 38.41, SD = 11.26) completed a survey assessing daily spiritual experiences (relationship with a Higher Power and sense of a sacred world), forgiveness, gratitude, optimism, grit, and meaning. To assess the relative protective benefits of potential profiles, we also assessed the level of depressive symptoms and frequency of substance use (tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, and heavy alcohol use). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine common subgroupings of study participants across report on personal spirituality and positive psychology scales in each age cohort, with potential difference between latent classes then tested in level of depressive symptoms and degree of substance use. LCA determined a four-class and a three-class best-fitting models for the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Level of personal spirituality and level of positive psychology traits were found to coincide in 83 % of adolescents and emerging adults and in 71 % of older adults, suggesting personal spirituality and positive psychology traits go hand in hand. A minority subgroup of "virtuous humanists" showed high levels of positive psychology traits but low levels of personal spirituality, across both age cohorts. Whereas level of depression was found to be inversely associated with positive psychology traits and personal spirituality, uniquely personal spirituality was protective against degree of substance use across both age cohorts. Overall interpretation of the study findings suggests that personal spirituality may be foundational to positive psychology traits in the majority of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov A Barton
- Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Ballard PJ, Malin H, Porter TJ, Colby A, Damon W. Motivations for Civic Participation Among Diverse Youth: More Similarities than Differences. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2015.1010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parissa J. Ballard
- University of California, Berkeley
- University of California, San Francisco
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22
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Identity Styles, Positive Youth Development, and Civic Engagement in Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 43:1818-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Finlay AK, Flanagan C. Adolescents' civic engagement and alcohol use: longitudinal evidence for patterns of engagement and use in the adult lives of a British cohort. J Adolesc 2013; 36:435-46. [PMID: 23462198 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Participation in discretionary activities during adolescence may facilitate the development of social networks that recruit youth into adult civic life or provide risky contexts that promote alcohol problems. Using data from the 1970 British Cohort Study, latent class analysis was used to identify adolescents' patterns of civic engagement, alcohol use, and other out-of-school activities at age 16, and test longitudinal links with adult civic engagement and alcohol use at ages 26, 30, and 34. Three classes were identified for both genders. The latent class characterized by involvement in more activities was more likely to be civically engaged in adulthood. The class characterized by the most alcohol use in adolescence had the highest likelihood of adult alcohol use and problems. Results are discussed in light of the health risks associated with each latent class and potential interventions that could be tailored to adolescents based on their patterns of activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Finlay
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 South Henderson Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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24
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Ickes W, Park A, Johnson A. Linking Identity Status to Strength of Sense of Self: Theory and Validation. SELF AND IDENTITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2011.625646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Matsuba MK, Pratt MW, Norris JE, Mohle E, Alisat S, McAdams DP. Environmentalism as a context for expressing identity and generativity: patterns among activists and uninvolved youth and midlife adults. J Pers 2012; 80:1091-115. [PMID: 22224847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2012.00765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous qualitative studies have identified themes of generativity and identity development in the interviews of environmental activists (Chan, 2009; Horwitz, 1996), suggesting their importance as motives for environmental behavior. The purpose of our study was to extend this work by identifying positive relationships between identity maturity, generativity, and environmentalism using quantitative methodologies. To explore these relationships, we designed quasi-experimental and correlational studies. We recruited 54 environmental activists and 56 comparison individuals, half of whom were youth (mean age = 22 years) and the other half midlife adults (mean age = 43 years). Sixty-three percent of our sample was female. Participants completed several environmental, generativity, and identity questionnaires. We found that activists and comparison individuals differed on the identity maturity, generativity, and environmental measures overall. Further, greater identity maturity and generativity were associated with higher environmental engagement. And generativity was found to mediate the relation between identity maturity and environmentalism. Our findings suggest that engaging in generative behaviors may be an important part of the process in forming an environmental identity and engaging in environmental actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Matsuba
- Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72nd Ave., Surrey, British Columbia V3W 2M8, Canada.
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Crocetti E, Jahromi P, Meeus W. Identity and civic engagement in adolescence. J Adolesc 2012; 35:521-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Layton E, Hardy SA, Dollahite DC. Religious Exploration Among Highly Religious American Adolescents. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2012.668728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Alisat S, Pratt MW. Characteristics of Young Adults' Personal Religious Narratives and Their Relation with the Identity Status Model: A Longitudinal, Mixed Methods Study. IDENTITY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2012.632392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Correlates of Identity Configurations: Three Studies with Adolescent and Emerging Adult Cohorts. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:732-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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