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The Role of MicroRNAs in Pancreatitis Development and Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021057. [PMID: 36674571 PMCID: PMC9862468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis (acute and chronic) is an inflammatory disease associated with significant morbidity, including a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRs) are essential post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression. They are crucial in many diseases' development and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated aberrant miRs expression patterns in pancreatic tissues obtained from patients experiencing acute and chronic pancreatitis compared to tissues from unaffected individuals. Increasing evidence showed that miRs regulate multiple aspects of pancreatic acinar biology, such as autophagy, mitophagy, and migration, impact local and systemic inflammation and, thus, are involved in the disease development and progression. Notably, multiple miRs act on pancreatic acinar cells and regulate the transduction of signals between pancreatic acinar cells, pancreatic stellate cells, and immune cells, and provide a complex interaction network between these cells. Importantly, recent studies from various animal models and patients' data combined with advanced detection techniques support their importance in diagnosing and treating pancreatitis. In this review, we plan to provide an up-to-date summary of the role of miRs in the development and progression of pancreatitis.
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Yang Q, Luo Y, Lan B, Dong X, Wang Z, Ge P, Zhang G, Chen H. Fighting Fire with Fire: Exosomes and Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:615. [PMID: 36354526 PMCID: PMC9687423 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a prevalent clinical condition of the digestive system, with a growing frequency each year. Approximately 20% of patients suffer from severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with local consequences and multi-organ failure, putting a significant strain on patients' health insurance. According to reports, the lungs are particularly susceptible to SAP. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a severe type of acute lung injury (ALI), is the primary cause of mortality among AP patients. Controlling the mortality associated with SAP requires an understanding of the etiology of AP-associated ALI, the discovery of biomarkers for the early detection of ALI, and the identification of potentially effective drug treatments. Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm that are actively released into tissue fluids to mediate biological functions. Exosomes are laden with bioactive cargo, such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA. During the initial stages of AP, acinar cell-derived exosomes suppress forkhead box protein O1 expression, resulting in M1 macrophage polarization. Similarly, macrophage-derived exosomes activate inflammatory pathways within endothelium or epithelial cells, promoting an inflammatory cascade response. On the other hand, a part of exosome cargo performs tissue repair and anti-inflammatory actions and inhibits the cytokine storm during AP. Other reviews have detailed the function of exosomes in the development of AP, chronic pancreatitis, and autoimmune pancreatitis. The discoveries involving exosomes at the intersection of AP and acute lung injury (ALI) are reviewed here. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of exosomes in AP and associated ALI. With the continuous improvement of technological tools, the research on exosomes has gradually shifted from basic to clinical applications. Several exosome-specific non-coding RNAs and proteins can be used as novel molecular markers to assist in the diagnosis and prognosis of AP and associated ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Bowen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xuanchi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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Chorley BN, Atabakhsh E, Doran G, Gautier JC, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Jackson D, Sharapova T, Yuen PST, Church RJ, Couttet P, Froetschl R, McDuffie J, Martinez V, Pande P, Peel L, Rafferty C, Simutis FJ, Harrill AH. Methodological considerations for measuring biofluid-based microRNA biomarkers. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:264-282. [PMID: 34038674 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1907530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that regulate the expression of messenger RNA and are implicated in almost all cellular processes. Importantly, miRNAs can be released extracellularly and are stable in these matrices where they may serve as indicators of organ or cell-specific toxicity, disease, and biological status. There has thus been great enthusiasm for developing miRNAs as biomarkers of adverse outcomes for scientific, regulatory, and clinical purposes. Despite advances in measurement capabilities for miRNAs, miRNAs are still not routinely employed as noninvasive biomarkers. This is in part due to the lack of standard approaches for sample preparation and miRNA measurement and uncertainty in their biological interpretation. Members of the microRNA Biomarkers Workgroup within the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute's (HESI) Committee on Emerging Systems Toxicology for the Assessment of Risk (eSTAR) are a consortium of private- and public-sector scientists dedicated to developing miRNAs as applied biomarkers. Here, we explore major impediments to routine acceptance and use of miRNA biomarkers and case examples of successes and deficiencies in development. Finally, we provide insight on miRNA measurement, collection, and analysis tools to provide solid footing for addressing knowledge gaps toward routine biomarker use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Chorley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Jackson
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter S T Yuen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Peel
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Alison H Harrill
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Oda S, Yokoi T. Recent progress in the use of microRNAs as biomarkers for drug-induced toxicities in contrast to traditional biomarkers: A comparative review. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 37:100372. [PMID: 33461055 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with 18-25 nucleotides. They play key regulatory roles in versatile biological process including development and apoptosis, and in disease pathogenesis, for example carcinogenesis, by negatively regulating gene expression. miRNAs often exhibit characteristics suitable for biomarkers such as tissue-specific expression patterns, high stability in serum/plasma, and change in abundance in circulation immediately after toxic injury. Since the discovery of circulating miRNAs in extracellular biological fluids in 2008, there have been many reports on the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases including cancer and organ injury in humans and experimental animals. In this review article, we have summarized the utility and limitation of circulating miRNAs as safety/toxicology biomarkers for specific tissue injuries including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, retina, and pancreas, by comparing them with conventional protein biomarkers. We have also covered the discovery of miRNAs in serum/plasma and their stability, the knowledge of which is essential for understanding the kinetics of miRNA biomarkers. Since numerous studies have reported the use of these circulating miRNAs as safety biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity, we believe that circulating miRNAs can promote pre-clinical drug development and improve the monitoring of tissue injuries in clinical pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Zhao SP, Yu C, Xiang KM, Yang MS, Liu ZL, Yang BC. miR-375 Inhibits Autophagy and Further Promotes Inflammation and Apoptosis of Acinar Cells by Targeting ATG7. Pancreas 2020; 49:543-551. [PMID: 32282768 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNAs have been considered to be closely related with the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and microRNA-375 (miR-375) was believed to be a marker of SAP. We aim to investigate the role of miR-375 in regulating SP. METHODS Cerulein and lipopolysaccharide were used to establish the models of SAP. AR42J cell line was chosen for study in vitro. Flow cytometry was applied for assessing apoptosis. The contents of inflammatory factors were detected with related enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of pancreatic tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted for investigating the expression of light chain 3. RESULTS The level of miR-375 in pancreatitis tissues and cell lines was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-375 promoted inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells through inhibiting autophagy. The binding site between miR-375 and ATG7 was identified, and miR-375 could directly regulate the ATG7. microRNA-375 suppressed autophagy and promoted inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells via targeting ATG7. CONCLUSIONS We proved that miR-375 could inhibit autophagy and promote inflammation and the apoptosis of acinar cells through regulating ATG7. This study first proves that miR-375 modulates the development of SAP through targeting ATG7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ping Zhao
- From the Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang Y, Huang Q, Luo C, Wen Y, Liu R, Sun H, Tang L. MicroRNAs in acute pancreatitis: From pathogenesis to novel diagnosis and therapy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1948-1961. [PMID: 31552677 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder initiated by activation of pancreatic zymogens, leading to pancreatic injury and systemic inflammatory response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and key players in human physiological and pathological processes. Discoveries over the past decade have confirmed that altered expression of miRNAs is implicated in the pathogenesis of AP. Indeed, a number of miRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in various cell types involved in AP such as acinar cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. These aberrant miRNAs can regulate acinar cell necrosis and apoptosis, local and systemic inflammatory response, thereby contributing to the initiation and progression of AP. Moreover, patients with AP possess unique miRNA signatures when compared with healthy individuals or those with other diseases. In view of their stability and easy detection, therefore, miRNAs have the potential to act as biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with AP. In this review, we provide an overview of the novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of miRNAs during the disease processes of AP, as well as the potential diagnosis and therapeutic biomarkers of miRNAs in patients with AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Ruohong Liu
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery & Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command (Chengdu Military General Hospital), Chengdu, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Erdos Z, Barnum JE, Wang E, DeMaula C, Dey PM, Forest T, Bailey WJ, Glaab WE. Evaluation of the Relative Performance of Pancreas-Specific MicroRNAs in Rat Plasma as Biomarkers of Pancreas Injury. Toxicol Sci 2019; 173:5-18. [PMID: 31504967 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Drug-induced pancreatic injury (DIPI) has become linked in recent years to many commonly prescribed medications from several pharmacological classes. Diagnosis is currently most often focused on identification of acute pancreatitis and generally based on subjective clinical assessment and serum amylase and lipase enzymatic activity, which have been criticized as being insufficiently sensitive and specific. The lack of novel noninvasive biomarkers of DIPI can impede the advancement of drug candidates through nonclinical development and translation into clinical settings. Pancreas-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are currently being evaluated as biomarkers of DIPI that may outperform and/or add value to the interpretation of amylase and lipase. To assess the relative performance of these novel miRNAs, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of detecting DIPI in rats. Four miRNAs were evaluated (miR-216a-5p, miR-216b-5p, miR-217-5p, and miR-375-3p) in plasma from 10 studies in which rats were treated with known pancreatic toxicants to assess sensitivity, and from 10 different studies in which toxicity was evident in tissues other than pancreas to assess specificity. The candidate miRNA biomarker performance was compared with amylase and lipase, and receiver operator characteristics (ROC) were determined. Analysis of ROCs demonstrated that all four miRNAs outperformed amylase and lipase in monitoring acute pancreatic injury defined as acinar cell degeneration/necrosis. Specifically, miR-217-5p had the highest performance among all biomarkers assessed. The increased sensitivity and specificity of these miRNAs support their use as biomarkers of DIPI, thereby adding value to the interpretation of amylase and lipase measurements in nonclinical studies. The potential for miRNAs to serve as translational biomarkers in the clinic for the monitoring of DIPI is also supported by this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Erdos
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John E Barnum
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Erjia Wang
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Christopher DeMaula
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Paritosh Markus Dey
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Thomas Forest
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Wendy J Bailey
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Warren E Glaab
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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8
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Miller RJ, Han A, Erdman JW, Wallig MA, O’Brien WD. Quantitative Ultrasound and the Pancreas: Demonstration of Early Detection Capability. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:2093-2102. [PMID: 30575064 PMCID: PMC6588516 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To show that quantitative ultrasound biomarkers attenuation (AC) and backscatter (BSC) coefficients are effective tools to detect early changes in acute pancreatitis, using a cerulein-induced pancreatitis rat model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 68) were divided into 8 groups: uninjected cage controls, saline-injected controls, and cerulein-injected rats euthanized at 2, 4, 15, 24, 48, and 60 hours after injection. Pancreatic AC and BSC (25-55 MHz) were estimated in vivo (Vevo 2100, VisualSonics, Toronto, CA) and ex vivo (40-MHz transducer). The pancreas of each rat was evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS Changes in both in vivo and ex vivo AC and BSC relative to controls reflected temporal histomorphologic changes. Overall, there were decreased AC and BSC at early time points and then rebound toward control values over time. Maximal in vivo AC and BSC decreases occurred at 2 hours after cerulein injection. Attenuation coefficient changes corresponded well with early pancreatic edema and acinar cell vacuolation, with rebound as edema decreased, autophagy/cellular death occurred, and histiocytic infiltrates and fibrosis manifested. Backscatter coefficient decreased early but rebounded as autophagy and apoptosis increased, only to fall as acinar atrophy peaked, and fibrosis and histiocytic infiltration increased. CONCLUSIONS Cerulein-induced pancreatitis is an excellent model for studying ultrasonic AC and BSC biomarkers during the early stages of acute pancreatitits, reflecting microscopic structural changes. Edema followed by cell shrinkage and apoptosis, then histiocytic infiltration and fibrosis, has certain similarities with the morphologies of some forms of pancreatic carcinoma. This suggests that quantitative ultrasound may be very useful for early detection of disease onset or response to therapy for not only acute pancreatitis but also pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita J. Miller
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, Miller: ; Han: ; O’Brien:
| | - Aiguo Han
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, Miller: ; Han: ; O’Brien:
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, Erdman:
| | - Matthew A. Wallig
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 South Lincoln Avenue, Urbana, IL 61802, Wallig:
| | - William D. O’Brien
- Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, Miller: ; Han: ; O’Brien:
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Evaluation of Circulating MicroRNA Biomarkers in the Acute Pancreatic Injury Dog Model. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103048. [PMID: 30301227 PMCID: PMC6212914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of four microRNAs (miRNAs) in an acute pancreatic injury dog model. Acute pancreatitis was induced by infusion of cerulein for 2 h (7.5 μg/kg/h). The levels of well-known miRNAs, microRNA-216a (miR-216a) and microRNA-375 (miR-375), and new candidates microRNA-551b (miR-551b), and microRNA-7 (miR-7), were measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h with serum amylase and lipase, and histopathological examination was performed. Among the four miRNAs, miR-216a and miR-375, and serum enzymes were significantly increased by cerulein treatment. The expression levels of miRNAs and serum enzymes peaked at 2–6 h with a similar pattern; however, the overall increases in miR-216a and miR-375 levels were much higher than those of the serum enzyme biomarkers. Increased levels of miR-216a and miR-375 were most highly correlated to the degree of individual histopathological injuries of the pancreas, and showed much greater dynamic response than serum enzyme biomarkers. Twenty-four-hour time-course analysis in this study revealed time-dependent changes of miRNA expression levels, from initial increase to decrease by predose level in acute pancreatitis. Our findings demonstrate that, in dogs, miR-216a and miR-375 have the potential to sensitively detect pancreatitis and reflect well the degree of pancreatic injury, whereas miR-551b and miR-7 do not.
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10
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Li Z, Rouse R. Co-sequencing and novel delayed anti-correlation identify function for pancreatic enriched microRNA biomarkers in a rat model of acute pancreatic injury. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:297. [PMID: 29699496 PMCID: PMC5922017 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-sequencing of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) across a time series (1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 h post injury) was used to identify potential miRNA-gene interactions during pancreatic injury, associate serum and tissue levels of candidate miRNA biomarkers of pancreatic injury, and functionally link these candidate miRNA biomarkers to observed histopathology. RNAs were derived from pancreatic tissues obtained in experiments characterizing the serum levels of candidate miRNA biomarkers in response to acute pancreatic injury in rats. Results No correlation was discovered between tissue and serum levels of the miRNAs. A combination of differential gene expression, novel delayed anti-correlation analysis and experimental database interrogation was used to identify messenger RNAs and miRNAs that experienced significant expression change across the time series, that were negatively correlated, that were complementary in sequence, and that had experimentally supported relationships. This approach yielded a complex signaling network for future investigation and a link for the specific candidate miRNA biomarkers, miR-216a-5p and miR-217-5p, to cellular processes that were in fact the prominent histopathology observations in the same experimental samples. RNA quality bias by treatment was observed in the study samples and a statistical correction was applied. The relevance and impact of that correction on significant results is discussed. Conclusion The described approach allowed extraction of miRNA function from genomic data and defined a mechanistic anchor for these miRNAs as biomarkers. Functional and mechanistic conclusions are supported by histopathology findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4657-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, HFD-910, White Oak Federal Research Center, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Rodney Rouse
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, HFD-910, White Oak Federal Research Center, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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11
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Xiang H, Tao X, Xia S, Qu J, Song H, Liu J, Shang D. Targeting MicroRNA Function in Acute Pancreatitis. Front Physiol 2017; 8:726. [PMID: 28983256 PMCID: PMC5613139 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that featured by acute inflammatory responses leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or multiple organ failure. A worldwide increase in annual incidence has been observed during the past decade with high acute hospitalization and mortality. Lack of any specific treatment for AP, even to this day, is a reminder that there is much to be learned about the exact pathogenesis of AP. Fortunately, the discovery of microRNA (miRNA) has started an entirely new thought process regarding the molecular mechanism associated with the disease processes. Given the extensive effort made on miRNA research, certain types of miRNA have been identified across a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Mutations in miRNA sequences or deregulation of miRNA expression may contribute to the alteration of a pivotal physiological function leading to AP. Designing miRNA-related tools for AP diagnosis and treatment presents a novel and potential research frontier. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of various miRNAs closely interacting with AP and the possible development of targeted miRNA therapies in this disease, which may benefit the development of potential disease biomarkers and novel treatment targets for future medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Huiyi Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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12
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Meng S, Wang H, Xue D, Zhang W. Screening and validation of differentially expressed extracellular miRNAs in acute pancreatitis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6412-6418. [PMID: 28849189 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to screen for differentially expressed extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) during the development of acute pancreatitis (AP) and validate the miRNA expression in the plasma of patients with AP. The culture medium of taurolithocholic acid‑3 sulfate‑treated rat pancreatic acinar AR42J cells was collected to extract total RNA for miRNA microarray analysis. Compared with the miRNA test results of the AP rats in the GEO databases, the differentially expressed extracellular miRNAs were screened. The TargetScan, miRanda, and PicTar programs were used for target gene prediction of the identified miRNAs, and gene ontology‑biological processes (GO‑BP) functional annotation was performed. Finally, the results from the combined microarray analyses (in vitro cell line and in vivo rat samples) were validated using plasma samples from patients with mild and moderately severe AP by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that extracellular miR‑24 was differentially expressed by microarray and bioinformatics analysis in both the cell line and the animal model of AP. Bioinformatics prediction analysis revealed that downstream target genes of miR‑24 included Vav2, Syk, Lhcgr, Slc9a3r1, Cacnb1, Cacna1b, Bcl10, and Fgd3. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the main GO‑BP predicted functional presentations were positive regulation of calcium‑mediated signaling, activation of c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase activity, calcium ion transport, regulation of Rho protein signal transduction, negative regulation of the protein kinase B signaling cascade, and the T cell receptor signaling pathway. Validation analysis for the plasma miR‑24 expression in humans revealed a significant upregulation of miR‑24 in the plasma samples of AP patients compared with the healthy controls, while no significant difference was observed in the miR‑24 expression between the mild and the moderately severe AP groups. The present study confirmed the high expression of miR‑24 in peripheral blood during AP, suggesting that miR‑24 might have an intercellular communication role contributing to the AP‑associated distant organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishuai Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Zhang J, Xu K, Shi L, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Xu H, Liang F, Li H, Zhao Y, Xu X, Tian Y. Overexpression of MicroRNA-216a Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Glioma Cells by Targeting Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1317-1327. [PMID: 28256193 PMCID: PMC7840945 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14874323871217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the development of gliomas. MicroRNA-216a has been reported to be a tumor-associated miRNA in many types of cancer, either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor. However, little is known about the function of miR-216a in gliomas. The present study was designed to explore the potential role of miR-216a in gliomas. We found that miR-216a was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-216a significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) was identified as a target gene of miR-216a in glioma cells by bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase reporter assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Moreover, miR-216a overexpression inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The restoration of LGR5 expression markedly reversed the antitumor effect of miR-216a in glioma cells. Taken together, these findings suggest a tumor suppressor role for miR-216a in gliomas, which inhibits glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting LGR5. Our study suggests that miR-216a may serve as a potential therapeutic target for future glioma treatment.
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14
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Aulbach AD, Jordan H, Tarrant J. Contemporary and Emerging Applications in Clinical Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:257-259. [PMID: 28178897 DOI: 10.1177/0192623316684035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Rouse R, Rosenzweig B, Shea K, Knapton A, Stewart S, Xu L, Chockalingam A, Zadrozny L, Thompson K. MicroRNA biomarkers of pancreatic injury in a canine model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Zhang XX, Deng LH, Chen WW, Shi N, Jin T, Lin ZQ, Ma Y, Jiang K, Yang XN, Xia Q. Circulating microRNA 216 as a Marker for the Early Identification of Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Am J Med Sci 2016; 353:178-186. [PMID: 28183420 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the value of circulating microRNA 216 (miR-216) as a marker for the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in both murine models and patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with AP were induced by intraperitoneal injection of 50μg/kg/hour cerulean either 7 times, sacrificed at 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 hours after the first injection, or 12 times, sacrificed at 24 hours after the first injection. Plasma samples and data from patients with AP were obtained from a prospective cohort. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the miR-216a and miR-216b level. RESULTS The upregulation of miR-216a and miR-216b in the serum of mice was induced by cerulean injection in both the 7- and 12-injection groups (P < 0.05). The downregulation of miR-216a in pancreatic tissues of mice with AP was detected (P < 0.05), but no difference was observed in pancreatic miR-216b levels among any of the groups (all P > 0.05). The serum miR-216a level was positively correlated with pancreatic histopathology severity scores, and was negatively correlated with pancreatic miR-216a (r = -0.483, P = 0.009). The plasma miR-216a level was significantly upregulated in patients with severe AP (SAP) compared with patients with mild AP (MAP) or moderate severe AP (MSAP) (SAP versus MAP, P = 0.04; SAP versus MSAP, P = 0.00), but no difference was seen between patients with MAP and those with MSAP (P = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Circulating miR-216a might be a potential biomarker for the early identification of SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Hui Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Qi Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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17
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Wang J, Huang W, Thibault S, Brown TP, Bobrowski W, Gukasyan HJ, Evering W, Hu W, John-Baptiste A, Vitsky A. Evaluation of miR-216a and miR-217 as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 45:321-334. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316678090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Detecting and monitoring exocrine pancreatic damage during nonclinical and clinical testing is challenging because classical biomarkers amylase and lipase have limited sensitivity and specificity. Novel biomarkers for drug-induced pancreatic injury are needed to improve safety assessment and reduce late-stage attrition rates. In a series of studies, miR-216a and miR-217 were evaluated as potential biomarkers of acute exocrine pancreatic toxicity in rats. Our results revealed that miR-216a and miR-217 were almost exclusively expressed in rat pancreas and that circulating miR-216a and miR-217 were significantly increased in rats following administration of established exocrine pancreatic toxicants caerulein (CL) and 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) as well as in rats administered a proprietary molecule known to primarily affect the exocrine pancreas. Conversely, neither microRNA was increased in rats administered a proprietary molecule known to cause a lesion at the pancreatic endocrine–exocrine interface (EEI) or in rats administered an established renal toxicant. Compared with amylase and lipase, increases in miR-216a and miR-217 were of greater magnitude, persisted longer, and/or correlated better with microscopic findings within the exocrine pancreas. Our findings demonstrate that in rats, miR-216a and miR-217 are sensitive and specific biomarkers of acute exocrine pancreatic toxicity that may add value to the measurement of classical pancreatic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Wang
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenhu Huang
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenyue Hu
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Allison Vitsky
- Drug Safety R&D, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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18
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Calvano J, Edwards G, Hixson C, Burr H, Mangipudy R, Tirmenstein M. Serum microRNAs-217 and −375 as biomarkers of acute pancreatic injury in rats. Toxicology 2016; 368-369:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Harrill AH, McCullough SD, Wood CE, Kahle JJ, Chorley BN. MicroRNA Biomarkers of Toxicity in Biological Matrices. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:264-72. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Deng LH, Xia Q. MicroRNAs in acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3128-3134. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i20.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas that can develop into a complicated clinical course with severe local and systemic complications, resulting in a prolonged clinical course with considerable mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression, have potential value in clinical research and biomarker discovery. In recent years, accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs may act as potential biomarkers for pancreatic tissue injury, and much attention has been paid to those miRNAs involved in acute pancreatitis. However, the role of miRNAs in acute pancreatitis has been validated in very few clinical studies. A better understanding of the role that miRNAs play in acute pancreatitis can lead to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic tools for future clinical applications.
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21
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Tsuchitani M, Sato J, Kokoshima H. A comparison of the anatomical structure of the pancreas in experimental animals. J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:147-54. [PMID: 27559239 PMCID: PMC4963614 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2016-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As basic knowledge for evaluation of pancreatic toxicity, anatomical structures were
compared among experimental animal species, including rats, dogs, monkeys, and minipigs.
In terms of gross anatomy, the pancreases of dogs, monkeys, and minipigs are compact and
similar to that of humans. The rat pancreas is relatively compact at the splenic segment,
but the duodenal segment is dispersed within the mesentery. In terms of histology, the
islet of each animal is characterized by a topographic distribution pattern of α- versus
β-cells. β-cells occupy the large central part of the rat islet, and α-cells are located
in the periphery and occasionally exhibit cuffing. In dog islets, β-cells are distributed
in all parts and α-cells are scattered in the center or periphery of the islet (at body
and left lobe); whereas β-cells occupy all parts of the islet and no α-cells are present
in the islet (at right lobe). Monkey islets show two distinct patterns, that is,
α-cell-rich or β-cell-rich islets, and the former represent peripheral β-cells forming an
irregular ring. Minipig islets show an irregular outline, and both α- and β-cells are
present in all parts of the islet, intermingling with each other. According to
morphometry, the endocrine tissue accounts for <2% of the pancreas roughly in rats and
minipigs, and that of monkeys accounts for >7% of the pancreas (at tail). The endocrine
tissue proportion tends to increase as the position changes from right to left in the
pancreas in each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tsuchitani
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kokoshima
- Pathology Department, Nonclinical Research Center, LSI Medience Corporation, 14-1 Sunayama, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0255, Japan
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Lin S, Chen XY, Wang XY, Han LL, Li WJ, Li WY. Clinical significance of serum miR-155 expression level in acute pancreatitis patients. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3935-3939. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i24.3935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the serum expression level of miR-155 in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients and to analyze its clinical significance.
METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with moderately severe AP (MSAP) or severe AP (SAP) were included in group A, 32 patients with mild AP (MAP) were included in group B, and 20 healthy people were included as normal controls (NCs). Serum miR-155 expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The differences in miR-155 expression level in different groups, and the correlation between miR-155 expression level and clinical characteristics of AP patients were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to explore the diagnostic value of serum miR-155.
RESULTS: The mean relative expression level of serum miR-155 was 8.09 ± 2.28 in group A, 4.94 ± 1.41 in group B, and 1.58 ± 0.81 in the NC group, and there were significant differences between groups A and B, group A and the NC group, and group B and the NC group (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of miR-155 were correlated with patients' BISAP score, Ranson score, APACHE II score and MCTSI score (P < 0.05), but not with patients' gender and age. The area under the ROC curve of miR-155 for prediction of AP severity was 0.882, with a sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 85.7%, and the best cutoff value was 3.55.
CONCLUSION: Serum miR-155 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AP, and it is clinically useful for the prediction of the severity of AP.
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Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Nowak E, Sporek M, Kowalik A, Kuźniewski M, Enguita FJ, Stępień E. Serum levels of unique miR-551-5p and endothelial-specific miR-126a-5p allow discrimination of patients in the early phase of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2015; 15:344-51. [PMID: 26094040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.05.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular dysfunction is a severe complication which can cause organ ischemia and damage during acute pancreatitis (AP). Laboratory assessment of AP is based on several routine parameters and does not reflect endothelial dysfunction or organ injury. Recently, small non-protein-coding RNAs (miRNAs) have been introduced to laboratory diagnostics as new biomarkers or predictive parameters. Candidate miRNAs (hsa-miR-16-5p, -103a-3p, -122-5p, -126-5p, -148a-5p, -216a-5p, -375, and -551b-5b) were selected to check their possible clinical application in stratification of patients with different AP severity. METHODS In this observational study, 62 patients with mild (MAP) and 26 with moderate and severe (SAP) acute pancreatitis were included. The control group consisted of 10 age and sex matched subjects. Circulating miRNAs were analyzed in serum using a quantitative real-time PCR method (q-RT-PCR) by means of 3'-locked-nucleic-acid primers. RESULTS In SAP patients, a significant increase in most of the selected miRNAs (miR-126-5p, -148a-3p, -216a-5p and -551b-5p, and miR-375) was observed when compared to control subjects. In MAP patients, three miRNAs were significantly elevated: endothelial-specific miR-216a-5p, -551b-5p, as well as miR-375 that is highly abundant in pancreas. ROC analysis revealed that miR-126-p and miR-551b-5p can predict AP severity (AUC 0.748, sensitivity 60.0%, specificity 87.1%, p < 0.001) and (AUC 0.716; sensitivity 69.2%, specificity 72.6%, p < 0.001). miR-375 was not relevant (AUC 0.458; sensitivity 55.%, specificity 44.4%). CONCLUSIONS A pancreatic miRNA signature can be useful for assessment of pancreatic injury in the acute phase of AP. Endothelial dysfunction during AP is reflected by levels of specific circulating miRNAs and may help in patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sporek
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Surgery Department of the District Hospital in Sucha Beskidzka, Poland
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Marek Kuźniewski
- Department of Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Elmore SA, Cora MC, Gruebbel MM, Hayes SA, Hoane JS, Koizumi H, Peters R, Rosol TJ, Singh BP, Szabo KA. Proceedings of the 2014 National Toxicology Program Satellite Symposium. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:10-40. [PMID: 25385331 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314555526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The 2014 annual National Toxicology Program (NTP) Satellite Symposium, entitled "Pathology Potpourri" was held in Washington, D.C., in advance of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's 33rd annual meeting. The goal of this annual NTP Symposium is to present current diagnostic pathology or nomenclature issues to the toxicologic pathology community. This article presents summaries of the speakers' presentations, including diagnostic or nomenclature issues that were presented, along with select images that were used for audience voting and discussion. Some lesions and topics covered during the symposium included a pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma in a male B6C3F1 mouse; plexiform vasculopathy in Wistar Han (Crl:WI[Han]) rats; staging of the estrous cycle in rats and mice; peri-islet fibrosis, hemorrhage, lobular atrophy and inflammation in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; retinal dysplasia in Crl:WI[Han] rats and B6C3F1 mice; multicentric lymphoma with intravascular microemboli and tumor lysis syndrome, and 2 cases of myopathy and vascular anomaly in Tg.rasH2 mice; benign thymomas in Crl:WI[Han] rats; angiomatous lesions in the mesenteric lymph nodes of Crl:WI[Han] rats; an unusual foveal lesion in a cynomolgous monkey; and finally a series of nomenclatures challenges from the endocrine International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) Organ Working Group (OWG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle C Cora
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margarita M Gruebbel
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Schantel A Hayes
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica S Hoane
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Rachel Peters
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Bhanu P Singh
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen A Szabo
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Wang S, Chen X, Tang M. MicroRNA-216a inhibits pancreatic cancer by directly targeting Janus kinase 2. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:2824-30. [PMID: 25220761 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-216a expression is significantly downregulated in human pancreatic cancer, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to identify and characterize the direct target gene and potential function of miR-216a in pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) was a direct target gene of miR-216a. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that miR-216a decreased the mRNA and protein levels of JAK2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was also downregulated by miR-216a, whereas the anti-miR-216a treatment had an opposite effect. Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with miR-216a significantly inhibited cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the downstream genes of JAK2/STAT3, survivin and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, which are anti‑apoptotic genes, were also decreased by miR-216a. Moreover, miR-216a overexpression markedly inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Compared with miR-216a treatment, anti-miR-216a treatment exhibited opposite effects throughout the entire experiment, confirming the inhibitory effect of miR-216a on pancreatic cancer by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The results provided evidence that miR-216a targeting JAK2 negatively regulated the development of pancreatic cancer cells and may be used to develop a miRNA-based therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siliang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
| | - Meiyue Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110022, P.R. China
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Pharmacological dose of melatonin reduces cytosolic calcium load in response to cholecystokinin in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 397:75-86. [PMID: 25084987 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) overload has been considered a common pathological precursor of pancreatic injury. In this study, the effects of melatonin on Ca(2+) mobilization induced by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in freshly isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells have been examined. Changes in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration were followed by single cell fluorimetry. For this purpose, cells were loaded with the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester. In order to evaluate the contribution of Ca(2+) transport at the plasma membrane, at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or at the mitochondria, cells were incubated with CCK-8 alone or in combination with LaCl3, thapsigargin (Tps), or FCCP to, respectively, uncouple Ca(2+) transport at these localizations. The experiments were performed in the absence or in the presence of melatonin in combination with the stimuli mentioned. Our results show that the total Ca(2+) mobilization evoked by CCK-8 was attenuated by a 30% in the presence of 100 µM melatonin compared with the responses induced by CCK-8 alone. Upon inhibition of Ca(2+) transport into the ER by Tps, Ca(2+) mobilization was also reduced in the presence of melatonin. In the presence of LaCl3 plus melatonin, the total Ca(2+) mobilization induced by CCK-8 was significantly decreased, compared with the response obtained without melatonin but in the presence of LaCl3. No major differences were found when the cells were incubated with CCK-8 or Tps alone or in combination with LaCl3 plus melatonin and FCCP, compared with the responses obtained in the absence of FCCP. The initial Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores evoked by CCK-8 or Tps was not significantly reduced in the presence of melatonin. The effect of melatonin could be explained on the basis of a stimulated Ca(2+) transport out of the cell through the plasma membrane and by a stimulation of Ca(2+) reuptake into the ER. Accumulation of Ca(2+) into mitochondria might not be a major mechanism stimulated by melatonin. We conclude that melatonin alleviates intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation, a situation potentially leading to cell damage in the exocrine pancreas.
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Goodwin D, Rosenzweig B, Zhang J, Xu L, Stewart S, Thompson K, Rouse R. Evaluation of miR-216a and miR-217 as potential biomarkers of acute pancreatic injury in rats and mice. Biomarkers 2014; 19:517-29. [PMID: 25059555 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.944217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild injury of the exocrine pancreas is often asymptomatic and can be under- or mis-diagnosed. The pancreas-enriched microRNAs miR-216a and miR-217 were evaluated as potential serum biomarkers of exocrine pancreas injury in rodent models of acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein, l-arginine, and pancreatic duct ligation. Both microRNAs showed time- and dose- relevant responses to pancreatic injury and wider dynamic ranges of response than serum amylase or lipase. Pancreas-selective microRNAs were found to be relatively sensitive serum biomarkers of pancreatic injury in rodents with potentially greater specificity than the current standard assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goodwin
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US FDA , MD , USA
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