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Gou Y, Tao J, Lei H, Hou M, Chen X, Wang X. Trunk kinematic analysis of ascent and descent stairs in college students with idiopathic scoliosis: a case-control study. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00167-0. [PMID: 38615934 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Traditional 3D motion analysis typically considers the spine as a rigid entity. Nevertheless, previous single-joint models have proven inadequate in evaluating the movement across different spinal segments in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS). Scoliosis significantly impairs movement functions, especially during activities such as ascending and descending stairs. There is a lack of research on the patterns of stair movement specifically for patients with IS. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate trunk kinematics in college students with IS during stair ascent and descent tasks. A total of 56 participants, 28 with IS and 28 with healthy controls, were recruited for this case-control study. The trunk movements were analyzed using a motion analysis system that incorporated a multisegment spine model. Understanding the multi-segment spine kinematics during stair tasks can contribute to the development of effective rehabilitation programs for individuals with IS. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. SAMPLE SIZE 28 IS and 28 controls. OUTCOME MEASURES Cobb angle, spinal curvature, spinal active range of motion (ROM), Kinematics METHODS: The Qualisys system (Gothenburg, Sweden) was utilized in this study with a sampling frequency of 150 Hz. It recorded the kinematics in the thoracic, lumbar, thoracic cage, and pelvis while ascending and descending stairs for both the 28 IS individuals and the 28 control participants. Additionally, clinical parameters such as the Cobb angle, curvature of the spine, spinal range of motion (ROM), and other relevant factors were concurrently assessed among the subjects. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82205306). The authors declare no conflict of interest in preparing this article. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that IS individuals exhibited reduced kyphotic curvature in the sagittal plane (p<.05) when compared to the control group. In contrast, these IS patients displayed greater coronal curvature (Cobb angle) in the frontal plane and a more substantial difference in thoracic side bending range of motion in comparison to the control group (p.05). Moreover, during the ascending stair activity, IS patients showed reduced thoracic cage flexion-extension range of motion (p<.05), while displaying increased lumbar rotation range of motion and anterior-posterior pelvic tilt range of motion (p<.05) in contrast to the control group. Notably, the kinematic analysis during the descent of stairs indicated that IS patients exhibited a larger range of motion in thoracic flexion-extension, thoracic side bending, thoracic cage side bending, thoracic rotation, and thoracic cage rotation when compared to the control group (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS The results showed significant differences in trunk kinematics between the two groups during both stair ascent and descent tasks. The utilization of the "multisegment spine model" facilitates the acquisition of motion information across multiple segments of the spine in patients diagnosed with IS, effectively enhancing the assessment outcomes derived from imaging information. The three-dimensional structural deformity in the trunk affects both static and dynamic activity patterns. In different activity states, IS patients demonstrate stiff movements in certain segments while experiencing compensatory instability in others. In the future, clinical rehabilitation programs for IS should prioritize stair-related activity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Gou
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jing Tao
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huangwei Lei
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Meijin Hou
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiangbin Wang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1 Qiuyang Rd, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
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Alsubaie AM, Sanderson A, Cabral HV, Martinez-Valdes E, Falla D. Spinal kinematic variability is increased in people with chronic low back pain during a repetitive lifting task. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2023; 73:102832. [PMID: 37897835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in spinal kinematic variability have been observed in people with chronic non-specific LBP (CNSLBP) during the performance of various repetitive functional tasks. However, the direction of these changes (i.e., less or more kinematic variability) is not consistent. This study aimed to assess differences in kinematic variability of the 3D angular displacement of thoracic and lumbar spinal segments in people with CNSLBP compared to asymptomatic individuals during a repetitive lifting task. Eleven people with CNSLBP and 11 asymptomatic volunteers performed 10 cycles of multi-planar lifting movements while spinal kinematics were recorded. For the three planes of motion, point-by-point standard deviations (SDs) were computed across all cycles of lifting and the average was calculated as a measure of kinematic variability for both segments. People with CNSLBP displayed higher thoracic (F = 8.00, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.286) and lumbar kinematic variability (F = 5.48, p = 0.030, ηp2 = 0.215) in the sagittal plane. Moreover, group differences were observed in the transversal plane for thoracic (F = 7.62, p = 0.012, ηp2 = 0.276) and lumbar kinematic variability (F = 5.402, p = 0.031, ηp2 = 0.213), as well as in the frontal plane for thoracic (F = 7.27, p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.267) and lumbar kinematic variability (F = 6.11, p = 0.022, ηp2 = 0.234), all showing higher variability in those with CNSLBP. A significant main effect of group was not detected (p > 0.05) for spinal range of motion (ROM). Thus, people with CNSLBP completed the lifting task with the same ROM in all three planes of motion as observed for asymptomatic individuals, yet they performed the lifting task with higher spinal kinematic cycle-to-cycle variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Alsubaie
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andy Sanderson
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hélio V Cabral
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Martinez-Valdes
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Falla
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Huthwelker J, Konradi J, Wolf C, Westphal R, Schmidtmann I, Schubert P, Drees P, Betz U. Reference values and functional descriptions of transverse plane spinal dynamics during gait based on surface topography. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 88:103054. [PMID: 36621141 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal dynamics during gait have been of interest in research for many decades. Based on respective previous investigations, the pelvis is generally expected to be maximally forward rotated on the side of the reference leg at the beginning of each gait cycle and to reach its maximum counterrotation approximately at the end of the reference leg's stance phase. The pelvic-upper-thoracic-spine coordination converges towards an anti-phase movement pattern in high velocities during ambulation. The vertebral bodies around the seventh thoracic vertebra are considered to be an area of transition during human ambulation where no or at least little rotary motion can be observed. The respective cranial and caudal vertebrae meanwhile are expected to rotate conversely around this spinal point of intersection. However, these previous assumptions are based on scarce existing research, whereby only isolated vertebrae have been analyzed contemporaneously. Due to huge methodological differences in data capturing approaches, the results are additionally hardly comparable to each other and involved measurement procedures are often not implementable in clinical routines. Furthermore, none of the above-mentioned methods provided reference data for spinal motion during gait based on an appropriate number of healthy participants. Hence, the aim of this study was to present such reference data for spinal rotary motion of every vertebral body from C7 down to L4 and the pelvis derived from surface topographic back shape analyses in a cohort of 201 healthy participants walking on a treadmill at a given walking speed of 5 km/h. Additionally, the spine's functional movement behavior during gait should be described in the transverse plane based on data derived from this noninvasive, clinically suitable measurement approach and, in conclusion, the results shall be compared against those of previous research findings derived from other measurement techniques. Contrary to the previous functional understanding, the area of the mid-thoracic spine was found to demonstrate the largest amplitude of rotary motion of all investigated vertebrae and revealed an approximately counterrotated movement behavior compared to the rotary motion of the pelvis. In both directions, spinal rotation during gait seemed to be initiated by the pelvis. The overlying vertebrae followed in succession in the sense of an ongoing movement. Therefore, the point of intersection was not statically located in a specific anatomical section of the spine. Instead, it was found to be dynamic, ascending from one vertebra to the next from caudal to cranial in dependence of the pelvis's rotation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Huthwelker
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konradi
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Wolf
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruben Westphal
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 69, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patric Schubert
- Institute of Complex Health Sciences, Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Limburgerstr. 2, D-65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Betz
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Haimerl M, Nebel I, Linkerhägner A, Konradi J, Wolf C, Drees P, Betz U. Consistency of vertebral motion and individual characteristics in gait sequences. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 87:103036. [PMID: 36395570 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2022.103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral motion reveals complex patterns, which are not yet understood in detail. This applies to vertebral kinematics in general but also to specific motion tasks like gait. For gait analysis, most of existing publications focus on averaging characteristics of recorded motion signals. Instead, this paper aims at analyzing intra- and inter-individual variation specifically and elaborating motion parameters, which are consistent during gait cycles of particular persons. For this purpose, a study design was utilized, which collected motion data from 11 asymptomatic test persons walking at different speed levels (2, 3, and 4 km/h). Acquisition of data was performed using surface topography. The motion signals were preprocessed in order to separate average vertebral orientations (neutral profiles) from basic gait cycles. Subsequently, a k-means clustering technique was applied to figure out, whether a discrimination of test persons was possible based on the preprocessed motion signals. The paper shows that each test sequence could be assigned to the particular test person without additional prior information. In particular, the neutral profiles appeared to be highly consistent intra-individually (across the gait cycles as well as speed levels), but substantially different between test persons. A full discrimination of test persons was achieved using the neutral profiles with respect to flexion/extension data. Based on this, these signals can be considered as individual characteristics for the particular test persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haimerl
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Germany.
| | - Iman Nebel
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Germany
| | - Alina Linkerhägner
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konradi
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Wolf
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Betz
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Fayad J, Eltes PE, Lazary A, Cristofolini L, Stagni R. Stereophotogrammetric approaches to multi-segmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:1080. [PMID: 36503435 PMCID: PMC9743750 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spine disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's ageing society. Motion abnormalities have been linked to the prevalence and recurrence of these disorders. Various protocols exist to measure thoracolumbar spine motion, but a standard multi-segmental approach is still missing. This study aims to systematically evaluate the literature on stereophotogrammetric motion analysis approaches to quantify thoracolumbar spine kinematics in terms of measurement reliability, suitability of protocols for clinical application and clinical significance of the resulting functional assessment. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect) were searched until February 2022. Studies published in English, investigating the intersegmental kinematics of the thoracolumbar spine using stereophotogrammetric motion analysis were identified. All information relating to measurement reliability; measurement suitability and clinical significance was extracted from the studies identified. RESULTS Seventy-four studies met the inclusion criteria. 33% of the studies reported on the repeatability of their measurement. In terms of suitability, only 35% of protocols were deemed suitable for clinical application. The spinous processes of C7, T3, T6, T12, L1, L3 and L5 were the most widely used landmarks. The spine segment definitions were, however, found to be inconsistent among studies. Activities of daily living were the main tasks performed. Comparable results between protocols are however still missing. CONCLUSION The literature to date offers various stereophotogrammetric protocols to quantify the multi-segmental motion of the thoracolumbar spine, without a standard guideline being followed. From a clinical point of view, the approaches are still limited. Further research is needed to define a precise motion analysis protocol in terms of segment definition and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fayad
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy ,National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Endre Eltes
- National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary ,In Silico Biomechanics Laboratory, National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aron Lazary
- National Centre for Spinal Disorders, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Stagni
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Taleshi N, Brownjohn JMW, Lamb SE, Zivanovic S, Williams GKR. Vector coding reveals the underlying balance control strategies used by humans during translational perturbation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21030. [PMID: 36470936 PMCID: PMC9722668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural control research has focused on standing balance experiments on platforms moving with relatively large amplitudes (0.1-0.2 m). This study investigated balance strategies while standing on a platform moving 4 mm in anterior-posterior direction with frequency scaled linearly from 0.4 to 6 Hz. Platform motion and kinematic and kinetic information for nine healthy participants were recorded using motion capture and force plate systems. Coordination between hip, knee and ankle joint torque, and centre of mass (COM) and centre of pressure (COP) motion was quantified by vector coding. Significant main effect of platform frequency for knee-ankle and COP-COM phase relationship was observed (p = 0.023, p = 0.016). At frequencies below 2.11 and 2.34 Hz, ankle strategy was recruited. With ankle strategy, in-phase COP-COM motion with COP dominancy occurred at frequencies below 2.19 and 2.23 Hz during scaling up and down, respectively. As platform frequency passed these values, COM dominated over COP which was followed by anti-phase knee-ankle torque, called a knee strategy, and anti-phase motion between the COP and COM that allowed COP to regain dominance over COM. Collectively, we reveal knee strategy as a new and relevant strategy in real-life settings, and transition between ankle and knee strategies that underpinned transition between COP-COM relative motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Taleshi
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - James M. W. Brownjohn
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Vibration Engineering Section, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
| | - Sarah E. Lamb
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
| | - Stana Zivanovic
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Vibration Engineering Section, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF UK
| | - Genevieve K. R. Williams
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024Public Health and Sports Sciences Department, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2LU UK
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Haimerl M, Nebel I, Linkerhägner A, Konradi J, Wolf C, Drees P, Betz U. Comprehensive visualization of spinal motion in gait sequences based on surface topography. Hum Mov Sci 2022; 81:102919. [PMID: 34979480 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2021.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of spinal motion is considered to be important to assess function of the human spine. Surface topography (ST) is a method to record the vertebral orientation in 3D. Such measurements can be performed in static but also in dynamic situations like gait or other motion tasks. However, dynamic ST measurements are hard to interpret due to their complexity. The main goal of this paper is to provide comprehensive visualization tools which allow a more intuitive and comprehensive interpretation n of such measurements. In particular, juxtaposition and superimposition techniques are utilized to emphasize differences in motion characteristics. The method was applied to a test series of 12 healthy volunteers walking on a treadmill at various speed levels. It could be shown that the visualization tools are helpful to compare different motion sequences including an analysis of intra- and interindividual variation. Based on these techniques, it could be shown that the profiles of vertebral orientation remain considerable constant when one person was walking at different speed levels whereas they differed substantially between the different individuals. In contrast, the motion amplitudes contained high intra- and interindividual variation, i.e. between speed levels and different test persons. In summary, the paper demonstrates that appropriate visualization tools are helpful to interpret ST measurements and cope with the complexity of these data sets. In particular, they can be used to compare different motion sequences in a more comprehensive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haimerl
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Kronenstraße 16, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany.
| | - Iman Nebel
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Kronenstraße 16, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Alina Linkerhägner
- Innovation and Research Center Tuttlingen, Furtwangen University of Applied Science, Kronenstraße 16, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konradi
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Claudia Wolf
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Betz
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Standardized Biomechanical Investigation of Posture and Gait in Pisa Syndrome Disease. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13122237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pisa syndrome is one of the possible postural deformities associated with Parkinson’s disease and it is clinically defined as a sustained lateral bending of the trunk. Some previous studies proposed clinical and biomechanical investigation to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms that occur, mainly focusing on EMG patterns and clinics. The current research deals with the assessment of a standardized biomechanical analysis to investigate the Pisa syndrome postural effects. Eight patients participated in the experimental test. Both static posture and gait trials were performed. An optoelectronic system and two force plates were used for data acquisition, while a custom multi-segments kinematic model of the human spine was used to evaluate the 3D angles. All subjects showed an important flexion of the trunk superior segment with respect to the inferior one, with a strong variability among patients (range values between 4.3° and 41.0°). Kinematics, ground reaction forces and spatio-temporal parameters are influenced by the asymmetrical trunk posture. Moreover, different proprioception, compensation and abilities of correction were depicted among subjects. Considering the forces exchanged by the feet with the floor during standing, results highlighted a significant asymmetry (p-value = 0.02) between the omo and contralateral side in a normal static posture, with greater load distribution on the same side of lateral deviation. When asked to self-correct the posture, all patients demonstrated a reduction of asymmetry, but without stressing any statistical significance. All these aspects might be crucial for the definition of a PS patients’ classification and for the assessment of the efficacy of treatments and rehabilitation.
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Revisiting the lumbosacral orthosis from the perspective of dynamical systems theory: a preliminary randomized clinical trial on patients with chronic low back pain. Prosthet Orthot Int 2021; 45:328-335. [PMID: 34127624 DOI: 10.1097/pxr.0000000000000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalent method for investigating the effect of therapeutic interventions on walking in the individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) is component-level approach in which all measurements focus on the spine component alone. However, this approach cannot disclose information about the overall function of the movement system such as complex walking patterns, which, in turn, reveal the underlying movement control. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of 3-week wearing of lumbosacral orthosis (LSO) along with routine physical therapy with routine physical therapy alone on walking complexity in the individuals with nonspecific CLBP on the basis of the systems approach. STUDY DESIGN Preliminary randomized clinical trial. METHODS Twenty-four subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The control group received the routine physical therapy for 3 weeks. The intervention group received the same program plus an LSO. Nonlinear analysis was used to quantify walking complexity, as behavior of the entire movement system, before and after the intervention and at 1-month follow-up. RESULTS An average of 496 strides during ten minutes of walking was used for analysis. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in degree of walking complexity between two groups during all evaluation periods. CONCLUSIONS The administered orthotic intervention did not alter walking complexity. This suggests that therapeutic goal of current LSOs, which is not based on the systems approach, cannot recover the emergent behavior of the movement system. This may be a potential source of controversies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE To achieve an effective treatment, orthotists should focus on the individuals themselves, not only on their CLBP symptoms. Although the component-level approach aims to decrease the symptoms, the systems approach focuses on the whole context that fosters LBP symptoms.
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Seerden SFL, Dankaerts W, Swinnen TW, Westhovens R, De Vlam K, Vanwanseele B. Differences in multi-segmental spine kinematics between patients with different stages of axial spondyloarthritis and healthy controls. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2021; 53:102368. [PMID: 33780698 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of inflammation and ankylosis on spinal kinematics of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are poorly understood. Furthermore, existence of (mal)adaptive movement profiles within axSpA, and differences between movement profiles in sensation of pain or fear of movement has never been investigated. OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in range of motion in six spinal regions and the hips between inflammatory and ankylosed patients with axSpA, and to increase insight in different movement profiles of patients with axSpA and their association with pain and fear. DESIGN Observational, cross-sectional. METHODS Three-dimensional motion analysis was performed in 20 patients with axSpA and 23 healthy controls during range of motion tasks in all three planes. We compared patients with inflammatory (n = 8) and ankylosed (n = 12) axSpA, and controls. Patients were also classified into Flexion or Lordotic profile. Questionnaires regarding pain and fear of movement were conducted. RESULTS/FINDINGS Both inflammatory and ankylosed axSpA patients have limited spinal ROM and reduced movement speed compared to healthy controls. Patients with a Lordotic profile showed significantly less ROM in lumbar regions and experienced more pain during forward bending than patients with a Flexion profile. CONCLUSIONS Both inflammation and ankylosis contribute to spinal mobility impairment, and axSpA patients with a lordotic profile experienced more pain. This profile may be a maladaptive movement strategy to prevent further pain increase. Suggesting that pain and fear of movement, might be better variables to specify patients' spinal mobility limitations for individual physical therapy and rehabilitation patient profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F L Seerden
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Dankaerts
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thijs W Swinnen
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rene Westhovens
- Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt De Vlam
- Division of Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benedicte Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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A Dynamic Optimization Approach for Solving Spine Kinematics While Calibrating Subject-Specific Mechanical Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:2311-2322. [PMID: 33851322 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to propose a new optimization framework for solving spine kinematics based on skin-mounted markers and estimate subject-specific mechanical properties of the intervertebral joints. The approach enforces dynamic consistency in the entire skeletal system over the entire time-trajectory while personalizing spinal stiffness. 3D reflective markers mounted on ten vertebrae during spine motions were measured in ten healthy volunteers. Biplanar X-rays were taken during neutral stance of the subjects wearing the markers. Calculated spine kinematics were compared to those calculated using inverse kinematics (IK) and IK with imposed generic kinematic constraints. Calculated spine kinematics compared well with standing X-rays, with average root mean square differences of the vertebral body center positions below 10.1 mm and below [Formula: see text] for joint orientation angles. For flexion/extension and lateral bending, the lumbar rotation distribution patterns, as well as the ranges of rotations matched in vivo literature data. The approach outperforms state-of-art IK and IK with constraints methods. Calculated ratios reflect reduced spinal stiffness in low-resistance zone and increased stiffness in high-resistance zone. The patterns of calibrated stiffness were consistent with previously reported experimentally determined patterns. This approach will further our insight into spinal mechanics by increasing the physiological representativeness of spinal motion simulations.
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Orantes-Gonzalez E, Heredia-Jimenez J, Chohan A, Richards JD. A Thorax Marker Set Model to Analyse the Kinematics of Walking Without the Need to Place Markers on the Back. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1091615. [PMID: 33210127 DOI: 10.1115/1.4049160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous thorax models have been proposed for gait analysis, however these require markers to be placed on the back. This presents a limitation in the kinematic analysis of the thorax under load carriage conditions. RESEARCH QUESTION This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a thorax marker set that does not require markers to be placed on the back (HubemaLab model) when compared to 3 previously published marker set models. METHODS 17 young adults were evaluated while walking at their self-selected speed. A 12 camera motion capture system was used to acquire the marker position data which was then processed using the respective models using Visual-3D. The level of agreement for the flexion/extension peak, right/left lateral peak and right/left rotation peak of the thorax angle and angular velocity; together with the range of motion and thorax angular velocities in the three planes was found between each thorax marker set, while the reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The ICC results for the thorax angle ROM and the range of thorax angular velocity between the HubemaLab model and the other models showed excellent to good reliability in all three planes. While the ICCs for the peak flexion/extension, peak right/left lateral flexion and peak right/left rotation showed excellent to moderate reliability in all three planes. CONCLUSION The new model could be potentially valuable for kinematic gait analysis under load carriage conditions which obscure markers placed on the back.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Orantes-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology, University of Granada, Ceuta 18010, Spain; Human Behavior and Motion Analysis Lab (Hubema Lab), University of Granada, Ceuta 18010, Spain
| | - Jose Heredia-Jimenez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Economy and Technology, University of Granada, Ceuta 18010, Spain; Human Behavior and Motion Analysis Lab (Hubema Lab), University of Granada, Ceuta 18010, Spain
| | - Ambreen Chohan
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Jim D Richards
- Allied Health Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK
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Dindorf C, Konradi J, Wolf C, Taetz B, Bleser G, Huthwelker J, Drees P, Fröhlich M, Betz U. General method for automated feature extraction and selection and its application for gender classification and biomechanical knowledge discovery of sex differences in spinal posture during stance and gait. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:299-307. [PMID: 33135504 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1828375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Modern technologies enable to capture multiple biomechanical parameters often resulting in relational data. The current work proposes a generally applicable method comprising automated feature extraction, ensemble feature selection and classification to best capture the potentials of the data also for generating new biomechanical knowledge. Its benefits are demonstrated in the concrete biomechanically and medically relevant use case of gender classification based on spinal data for stance and gait. Very good results for accuracy were obtained using gait data. Dynamic movements of the lumbar spine in sagittal and frontal plane and of the pelvis in frontal plane best map gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dindorf
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konradi
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Wolf
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bertram Taetz
- Department Augmented Vision, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bleser
- Junior Research Group wear HEALTH, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Janine Huthwelker
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Department of Sports Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ulrich Betz
- Institute of Physical Therapy, Prevention and Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Development and validation of a modeling workflow for the generation of image-based, subject-specific thoracolumbar models of spinal deformity. J Biomech 2020; 110:109946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Digo E, Pierro G, Pastorelli S, Gastaldi L. Evaluation of spinal posture during gait with inertial measurement units. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2020; 234:1094-1105. [PMID: 32633209 DOI: 10.1177/0954411920940830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of postural disorders emphasizes the central role of the vertebral spine during gait. Indeed, clinicians need an accurate and non-invasive method to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program on spinal kinematics. Accordingly, the aim of this work was the use of inertial sensors for the assessment of angles among vertebral segments during gait. The spine was partitioned into five segments and correspondingly five inertial measurement units were positioned. Articulations between two adjacent spine segments were modeled with spherical joints, and the tilt-twist method was adopted to evaluate flexion-extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. In total, 18 young healthy subjects (9 males and 9 females) walked barefoot in three different conditions. The spinal posture during gait was efficiently evaluated considering the patterns of planar angles of each spine segment. Some statistically significant differences highlighted the influence of gender, speed and imposed cadence. The proposed methodology proved the usability of inertial sensors for the assessment of spinal posture and it is expected to efficiently point out trunk compensatory pattern during gait in a clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Digo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pierro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Pastorelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Gastaldi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences "G.L. Lagrange," Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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Severijns P, Overbergh T, Thauvoye A, Baudewijns J, Monari D, Moke L, Desloovere K, Scheys L. A subject-specific method to measure dynamic spinal alignment in adult spinal deformity. Spine J 2020; 20:934-946. [PMID: 32058084 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Two-dimensional static radiography currently forms the golden standard in spinal alignment measurement in adult spinal deformity (ASD). However, these static measurements offer no information on dynamic spinal behavior. To fully understand the functionality and compensation strategies of ASD patients, tools to assess dynamic spinal alignment are needed. PURPOSE Therefore, the aim of this study was to introduce, validate and assess the reliability of a new kinematic model to measure dynamic spinal parameters in ASD based on a polynomial function, taking into account the subject-specific anatomy. STUDY DESIGN Validation and reliability study OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiographic parameters, spinal kinematics and range of motion (ROM), Scoliosis Research Society Outcome Questionnaire (SRS-22), Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI). METHODS Spinal alignment of 23 ASD patients and 18 controls was measured using both x-rays and motion capture. Marker positions were corrected to the underlying anatomy and a polynomial function was fitted through these corrected marker positions. By comparing the polynomial method to x-ray measurements concurrent validity was assessed. Test-retest, inter- and intrarater reliability during standing and sit-to-stand (STS) were assessed on a subsample of eight ASD patients and eight controls. RESULTS The results showed good to excellent correlations (r>0.75) between almost all x-ray and anatomy-corrected polynomial parameters. Anatomy correction consistently led to better correlations than no correction. Intraclass correlation coefficients for the polynomial method were good to excellent (>0.75) between sessions and between and within raters and comparable or even better than radiographic measurements. Also, during STS reliability was excellent. Fair to moderate correlations were found between spinal ROM during STS and quality of life, measured with SRS-22 and COMI. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate the polynomial method, with subject-specific anatomy correction, can measure spinal alignment in a valid and reliable way using motion capture in both healthy and deformed spines. This method makes it possible to extend evaluation in ASD from mainly static, by means of x-ray measurements, to dynamic and functional assessments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Eventually, this newly obtained dynamic spinal alignment information might lead to new insights in clinical decision-making and new treatment strategies, based and oriented on dynamic parameters and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Severijns
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory (CMAL), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Overbergh
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anaïsse Thauvoye
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jana Baudewijns
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Davide Monari
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory (CMAL), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Moke
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory (CMAL), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lennart Scheys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Orthopaedic Research and Training (IORT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Division of Orthopaedics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Needham R, Healy A, Kiraly S, Walker P, Chockalingam N. Does the sport of weightlifting need special shoes? FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2019.1606301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Needham
- Faculty of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Aoife Healy
- Faculty of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Szilvia Kiraly
- Faculty of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Philip Walker
- Faculty of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Nachiappan Chockalingam
- Faculty of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Holewijn RM, Kingma I, de Kleuver M, Keijsers NLW. Posterior spinal surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis does not induce compensatory increases in distal adjacent segment motion: a prospective gait analysis study. Spine J 2018; 18:2213-2219. [PMID: 29746962 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) perform surprisingly well after spinal correction and fusion. It was previously hypothesized that, during gait, certain mechanisms compensate for the loss in spinal motion. Still, previous studies could not identify such compensatory mechanisms in the lower body. PURPOSE This study aims to test the hypothesis of a compensatory increased motion of the distal unfused part of the spine during gait after posterior spinal correction and fusion. STUDY This is a prospective gait study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve patients with AIS were included. Sets of three VICON skin markers were used to measure the 3D motion of the proximal part of the fusion in relation to the pelvis (PFP) and the distal part of the fusion in relation to the pelvis (DFP). By doing so, PFP represents the motion of the fused and unfused parts of the spine, and DFP represents the motion of the unfused part of the spine. Measurements were performed preoperatively and 3 and 12 months after posterior spinal correction and fusion. RESULTS Surgery resulted in a decrease in PFP transversal plane range of motion (ROM) (8.3° vs. 5.9°, p=.006). No compensatory increase in the ROM of DFP could be identified. Actually, DFP transversal plane ROM also decreased (8.2° vs. 5.6°, p=.019). No improvement over time was observed when comparing the 3- and 12-month postoperative measurements. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis of a compensatory increase in motion of the distal unfused segments after spinal fusion for AIS is a much researched and controversial topic. This study is the first to study this hypothesis in such detail during gait and could not demonstrate such increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick M Holewijn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Idsart Kingma
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus de Kleuver
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Mailbox 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Noël L W Keijsers
- Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Sint Maartenskliniek, Mailbox 9011, 6500 GM, Ubbergen, The Netherlands
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Kudo S, Fujimoto M, Sato T, Nagano A. Quantitative evaluation of linked rigid-body representations of the trunk. Gait Posture 2018; 63:119-123. [PMID: 29729614 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trunk is often simplified as a small number of rigid-body segments to reduce the complexity of its multi-segmental structure. However, such rigid-body representations of the trunk may overlook its flexible movement owing to its multi-segmental structure. RESEARCH QUESTION The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess the effects of the deformability on the resultant trunk kinematics when the trunk is modeled with numerous rigid-body segments. METHODS Three-dimensional kinematic data of 10 male subjects were obtained during static and dynamic trials. The trunk in both static and dynamic trials was modeled as a single rigid-body segment or as two, three, or six linked rigid-body segments, and a non-linear optimization analysis was performed to minimize the difference between the actual and modeled position data. Position errors were evaluated to assess the difference in three-dimensional positions between the actual and modeled data for each model. The total angular displacement was evaluated to examine to what extent each model describes the actual multi-segmental trunk movement. RESULTS The position error between the modeled and actual kinematic data of the trunk was up to 12 mm and 11 mm when the trunk was simplified as one segment, but the error decreased to 5 mm and 7 mm when the trunk was modeled with six segments during the static and dynamic trials, respectively. The total angular displacement increased as the number of rigid-body segments increased during both trials. SIGNIFICANCE These results imply that a small number of linked rigid-body representations underestimates the actual multi-segmental trunk movement during dynamic movement. These findings are useful in determining the optimal number of rigid-body segments for analysis of the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Kudo
- Graduate school of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Fujimoto
- Graduate school of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiko Sato
- Graduate school of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Akinori Nagano
- Graduate school of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Chronic low back pain patients walk with locally altered spinal kinematics. J Biomech 2017; 60:211-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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