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Menditti D, Santagata M, Guida D, Magliulo R, D'Antonio GM, Staglianò S, Boschetti CE. State of the Art in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders: Present Insights and Future Outlook-An Overview. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:228. [PMID: 38534502 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder (OPMD) is a significant concern for clinicians due to the risk of malignant transformation. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of cancer with a low survival rate, causing over 200,000 new cases globally each year. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the five-year survival rate for OSCC patients remains under 50%. Early diagnosis can greatly improve the chances of survival. Therefore, understanding the development and transformation of OSCC and developing new diagnostic methods is crucial. The field of oral medicine has been advanced by technological and molecular innovations, leading to the integration of new medical technologies into dental practice. This study aims to outline the potential role of non-invasive imaging techniques and molecular signatures for the early detection of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - David Guida
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Magliulo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maria D'Antonio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Menditti D, Santagata M, Imola G, Staglianò S, Vitagliano R, Boschetti CE, Inchingolo AM. Personalized Medicine in Oral Oncology: Imaging Methods and Biological Markers to Support Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Narrative Literature Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1397. [PMID: 37763165 PMCID: PMC10532745 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been one of the most prevalent and mortal cancers worldwide. The gold standard for OSCC diagnosis is still histopathology but this narrative multidisciplinary review has the aim to explore the literature about conventional OSCC prognostic indicators related to the pTNM stage at the diagnosis such as the depth of invasion and the lymphovascular invasion associated with distant metastasis as indicators of poor life expectancy. Despite its multifactorial nature and recognizable precursors, its diagnosis at the early stages is still challenging. We wanted to highlight the importance of the screening as a primary weapon that a stomatologist should consider, intercepting all at-risk conditions and lesions associated with OSCC and its early stages. This narrative review also overviews the most promising imaging techniques, such as CT, MRI, and US-echography, and their application related to clinical and surgical practice, but also the most-investigated prognostic and diagnostic tissue and salivary biomarkers helpful in OSCC diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Our work highlighted remarkable potential biomarkers that could have a leading role in the future. However, we are still far from defining an appropriate and concrete protocol to apply in clinical practice. The hope is that the present and future research will overcome these limitations to benefit patients, clinicians, and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Menditti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Mario Santagata
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Gianmaria Imola
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Samuel Staglianò
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Rita Vitagliano
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
| | - Ciro Emiliano Boschetti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (D.M.); (M.S.); (G.I.); (S.S.); (C.E.B.)
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Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179251. [PMID: 34502159 PMCID: PMC8431440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study design was a systematic review. Study quality was assessed with risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Of the 954 references retrieved, 26 studies were considered. The conclusions from the qualitative assessment of the papers revealed an increasing knowledge over the last years of the microbiota associated with DS and their periodontal diseases, in comparison with healthy subjects and subjects with other kinds of mental disabilities. Few data have emerged on the mycobiome and virobiome of DS, hence, further investigations are still necessary.
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Oral Microbiota and Salivary Levels of Oral Pathogens in Gastro-Intestinal Diseases: Current Knowledge and Exploratory Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051064. [PMID: 34069179 PMCID: PMC8156550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Various bi-directional associations exist between oral health and gastro-intestinal diseases. The oral microbiome plays a role in the gastro-intestinal carcinogenesis and fusobacteria are the most investigated bacteria involved. This paper aims to review the current knowledge and report the preliminary data on salivary levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans in subjects with different gastro-intestinal conditions or pathologies, in order to determine any differences. The null hypothesis was “subjects with different gastro-intestinal diseases do not show significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiota”. Twenty-one subjects undergoing esophagastroduodenoscopy or colonscopy were recruited. For each subject, a salivary sample was collected before the endoscopy procedure, immediately stored at −20 °C and subsequently used for genomic bacterial DNA extraction by real-time PCR. Low levels of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were peculiar in the oral microbiota in subjects affected by Helicobater pylori-negative chronic gastritis without cancerization and future studies will elucidate this association. The level of C. albicans did not statistically differ among groups. This preliminary study could be used in the future, following further investigation, as a non-invasive method for the search of gastrointestinal diseases and associated markers.
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The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040780. [PMID: 33669186 PMCID: PMC7919675 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a considerable interest to study the biological and microbiological changes that accompany orthodontic treatment. Growing knowledge on oral microbiota allows, day after day, to identify and characterize the microbial arrangements specifically associated with oral and extra-oral conditions. The aim of the present work is to highlight any further correlations between orthodontic appliances and the qualitative and quantitative modifications of the oral microbiota, such as predisposing factors for the onset of caries, periodontal diseases, and other infections, which can impact the oral and systemic health of the orthodontic patients. When compared with subjects without orthodontic appliances, orthodontic patients reported significant qualitative and quantitative differences in supra- and subgingival plaque during the entire treatment period. Certain components of fixed appliances (mainly bonded molar brackets, ceramic brackets, and elastomeric ligatures) showed high risks of periodontal disease and tooth decay for patients. An unclear prevalence of Candida spp. and the paucity of studies on viruses and protozoas in the oral microbiota of orthodontic patients need to be further investigated. The evidence emerging from this study could guide clinicians in modulating the timing of controls and enhance patient motivation to prevent the formation of mature plaque, thus reducing the risks of oral-plaque-related diseases.
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Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Head and Neck Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239246. [PMID: 33287464 PMCID: PMC7731111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes.
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Sex Hormones and Inflammation Role in Oral Cancer Progression: A Molecular and Biological Point of View. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:9587971. [PMID: 32684934 PMCID: PMC7336237 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9587971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancers have been proven to arise from precursors lesions and to be related to risk behaviour such as alcohol consumption and smoke. However, the present paper focuses on the role of chronic inflammation, related to chronical oral infections and/or altered immune responses occurring during dysimmune and autoimmune diseases, in the oral cancerogenesis. Particularly, oral candidiasis and periodontal diseases introduce a vicious circle of nonhealing and perpetuation of the inflammatory processes, thus leading toward cancer occurrence via local and systemic inflammatory modulators and via genetic and epigenetic factors.
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Santoro A, Bufo P, Russo G, Cagiano S, Papagerakis S, Bucci P, Aquino G, Longo F, Feola A, Giordano A, Di Carlo A, Di Domenico M, Pannone G. Expression and clinical implication of cyclooxygenase-2 and E-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Biol Ther 2020. [PMID: 26218314 PMCID: PMC7537792 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1071741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are crucial events for development of aggressive and often fatal Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). Both promote cancer progression and metastasis development, but while the former induces the loss of E-cadherin expression and, hence cadherin switching; the latter produces hematic blood vessel neo-formation and contribute to OSCC cell growth, tumor mass development, and dissemination. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has an important role, not only in angiogenic mechanisms, but also in favoring cancer invasion. Indeed it decreases the expression of E-cadherin and leads to phenotypic changes in epithelial cells (EMT) enhancing their carcinogenic potential. Our aim is to evaluate the interplay between E-cadherin cytoplasmic delocalization, COX-2 up-regulation and COX-2 induced neo-angiogenesis in 120 cases of OSCC. We have analyzed the distribution and the number of neo-formed endothelial buds surrounding infiltrating cells that express COX-2, as well as the neo-formed vessels in chronic inflammatory infiltrate, which surround the tumor. A double immunostaining method was employed in order to verify co-localization of endothelial cell marker (CD34) and COX-2. IHC has also been used to assess E-cadherin expression. Our data demonstrate that the OSCC cells, which lose membranous E-cadherin staining, acquiring a cytoplasmic delocalization, overexpress COX-2. Moreover, we find a new CD34+ vessel formation (sprouting angiogenesis). Only basaloid type of OSCC showes low level of COX-2 expression together with very low level of neo-angiogenesis and consequent tumor necrosis. The well-known anti-metastatic effect of certain COX-2 inhibitors suggests that these molecules might have clinical utility in the management of advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Santoro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, 'Giovanni Paolo II' Foundation-UCSC , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Simona Cagiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Head and Neck Cancer Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Oncology, University of Michigan, Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paolo Bucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologies Science, University of Naples 'Federico II' , Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation' , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angelina Di Carlo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophisic and General Pathology Second University of Naples , Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Pathological Anatomy, University of Foggia , Foggia, Italy
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Roy NK, Monisha J, Padmavathi G, Lalhruaitluanga H, Kumar NS, Singh AK, Bordoloi D, Baruah MN, Ahmed GN, Longkumar I, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Kunnumakkara AB. Isoform-Specific Role of Akt in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E253. [PMID: 31252679 PMCID: PMC6681224 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) plays a very significant role in various cancers including oral cancer. However, it has three isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) and they perform distinct functions and even play contrasting roles in different cancers. Therefore, it becomes essential to evaluate the isoform-specific role of Akt in oral cancer. In the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the isoform-specific role of Akt in oral cancer. The immunohistochemical analysis of oral cancer tissues showed an overexpression of Akt1 and 2 isoforms but not Akt3. Moreover, the dataset of "The Cancer Genome Atlas" for head and neck cancer has suggested the genetic alterations of Akt1 and 2 tend to be associated with the utmost poor clinical outcome in oral cancer. Further, treatment of oral cancer cells with tobacco and its components such as benzo(a)pyrene and nicotine caused increased mRNA levels of Akt1 and 2 isoforms and also enhanced the aggressiveness of oral cancer cells in terms of proliferation, and clonogenic and migration potential. Finally, silencing of Akt1 and 2 isoforms caused decreased cell survival and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Akt1/2 silencing also reduced tobacco-induced aggressiveness by decreasing the clonogenic and migration potential of oral cancer cells. Moreover, silencing of Akt1 and 2 isoforms was found to decrease the expression of proteins regulating cancer cell survival and proliferation such as cyclooxygenase-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1, and survivin. Thus, the important role of Akt1 and 2 isoforms have been elucidated in oral cancer with in-depth mechanistic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Kishor Roy
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Javadi Monisha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ganesan Padmavathi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - H Lalhruaitluanga
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796 004, India
| | | | - Anuj Kumar Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Gazi Naseem Ahmed
- North-East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Guwahati, Assam 781023, India
| | - Imliwati Longkumar
- North-East Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Guwahati, Assam 781023, India
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Medical Science Cluster, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory & DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Nasry WHS, Wang H, Jones K, Tesch M, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Martin CK. Cyclooxygenase and CD147 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patient samples and cell lines. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:400-410.e3. [PMID: 31350224 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) contribute to inflammation, and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) contributes to invasiveness, but their relationship has not been previously examined within a cohort of patients with OSCC or OSCC cell lines. STUDY DESIGN COX-2 and CD147 expression was determined by using immunohistochemistry on 39 surgical biopsy specimens of OSCC. Expression in tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent oral epithelium was characterized by using a visual grading system. COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 expression was determined in vitro by using OSCC cell lines (SCC25, BHY, and HN) and reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Secretion of prostagladin E2 (PGE2) from OSCC cell lines was determined by using PGE2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Biopsy specimens showed higher COX-2 expression in tumor cells compared with stroma and adjacent epithelium (P < .05). There was no difference in CD147 expression among the tumor cells, stroma, and adjacent epithelium. In OSCC cell lines, there was a trend for COX-2 and CD147 gene expression to be coordinated. Interestingly, PGE2 secretion was more closely related to COX-1 expression than to COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS COX-1, COX-2, and CD147 appear to be independently regulated in OSCC, potentially representing 2 therapeutic targets for future investigation. COX-1 expression in OSCC deserves further study because it may be an important determinant of PGE2 secretion from OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Haili Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Kathleen Jones
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Marvin Tesch
- Provincial Health Services, Health PEI, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Aral K, Aral CA, Kapila Y. Six‐month clinical outcomes of non‐surgical periodontal treatment with antibiotics on apoptosis markers in aggressive periodontitis. Oral Dis 2019; 25:839-847. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Aral
- Division of Periodontics Malatya Oral and Dental Heath Hospital Malatya Turkey
| | - Cüneyt A. Aral
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of Dentistry, Inonu University Malatya Turkey
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of DentistryUniversity of California California
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12
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Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-1 Inhibitors in Cancer: A Review of Oncology and Medicinal Chemistry Literature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040101. [PMID: 30314310 PMCID: PMC6316056 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins and thromboxane are lipid signaling molecules deriving from arachidonic acid by the action of the cyclooxygenase isoenzymes COX-1 and COX-2. The role of cyclooxygenases (particularly COX-2) and prostaglandins (particularly PGE₂) in cancer-related inflammation has been extensively investigated. In contrast, COX-1 has received less attention, although its expression increases in several human cancers and a pathogenetic role emerges from experimental models. COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms seem to operate in a coordinate manner in cancer pathophysiology, especially in the tumorigenesis process. However, in some cases, exemplified by the serous ovarian carcinoma, COX-1 plays a pivotal role, suggesting that other histopathological and molecular subtypes of cancer disease could share this feature. Importantly, the analysis of functional implications of COX-1-signaling, as well as of pharmacological action of COX-1-selective inhibitors, should not be restricted to the COX pathway and to the effects of prostaglandins already known for their ability of affecting the tumor phenotype. A knowledge-based choice of the most appropriate tumor cell models, and a major effort in investigating the COX-1 issue in the more general context of arachidonic acid metabolic network by using the systems biology approaches, should be strongly encouraged.
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13
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Nasry WHS, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC, Martin CK. Role of COX-2/PGE2 Mediated Inflammation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100348. [PMID: 30248985 PMCID: PMC6211032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant amount of research indicates that the cyclooxygenase/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway of inflammation contributes to the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx (OSCC). Although there have been promising results from studies examining the utility of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of OSCC, this strategy has been met with only variable success and these drugs are also associated with toxicities that make them inappropriate for some OSCC patients. Improved inflammation-targeting therapies require continued study of the mechanisms linking inflammation and progression of OSCC. In this review, a synopsis of OSCC biology will be provided, and recent insights into inflammation related mechanisms of OSCC pathobiology will be discussed. The roles of prostaglandin E2 and cluster of differentiation factor 147 (CD147) will be presented, and evidence for their interactions in OSCC will be explored. Through continued investigation into the protumourigenic pathways of OSCC, more treatment modalities targeting inflammation-related pathways can be designed with the hope of slowing tumour progression and improving patient prognosis in patients with this aggressive form of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Lecompte
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47265-47277. [PMID: 27323811 PMCID: PMC5216940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have assessed the clinicopathological and prognostic value of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), but their results remain controversial. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was carried out. A total of 29 studies involving 2430 patients were subjected to final analysis. Our results indicated that COX-2 expression was not statistically associated with advanced tumor stage (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98–1.55) but correlated with high risk of lymph node metastasis (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03–1.60) and advanced TNM stage (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.06–1.66). Moreover, COX-2 expression had significant effect on poor OS (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.29–2.90), RFS (HR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.00–4.08) and DFS (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 2.84–9.31). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that COX-2 expression was related with high possibility of lymph node metastasis in oral cancer (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.01–2.20) and advanced TNM stage in oral cancer (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.05–2.37) and no site-specific HNC (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.02–2.62). However, subgroup analyses only showed a tendency without statistically significant association between COX-2 expression and survival. Significant heterogeneity was not found when analyzing clinicopathological data, but it appeared when considering survival data. No publication bias was detected in this study. This meta-analysis suggested that COX-2 expression could act as a prognostic factor for patients with HNC.
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15
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Patrikidou A, Valeri RM, Kitikidou K, Destouni C, Vahtsevanos K. Introducing Cytology-Based Theranostics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Program. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:401-11. [PMID: 26581612 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of brush cytology in the biomarker expression profiling of oral squamous cell carcinomas within the concept of theranostics, and to correlate this biomarker profile with patient measurable outcomes. Markers representative of prognostic gene expression changes in oral squamous cell carcinoma was selected. These markers were also selected to involve pathways for which commercially available or investigational agents exist for clinical application. A set of 7 markers were analysed by immunocytochemistry on the archival primary tumour material of 99 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. We confirmed the feasibility of the technique for the expression profiling of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, our results affirm the prognostic significance of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and the angiogenic pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma, confirming their interest for targeted therapy. Brush cytology appears feasible and applicable for the expression profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma within the concept of theranostics, according to sample availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Patrikidou
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.
| | | | - Kyriaki Kitikidou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Democritus University, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Charikleia Destouni
- Department of Cytopathology, "Theagenio" Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in normal and pathological human oral mucosa. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:555-63. [PMID: 21478098 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxigenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme for the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs). Two isoforms of COX have been identified: COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many cells and is involved in cell homeostasis, angiogenesis and cell-cell signalling; COX-2 is not expressed in normal condition however it is strongly expressed in inflammation. The oral cavity is constantly exposed to physical and chemical trauma that could lead to mucosal reactions such as hyperplasia, dysplasia and cancer. Early diagnosis is the most important issue to address for a positive outcome of oral cancer; therefore it would be useful to identify molecular markers whose expression is associated with the various stages of oral cancer progression. Since COX enzyme has been involved, with different mechanisms, in the development and progression of malignancies we decided to investigate the expression and localization of COX-1 and COX-2 in normal human oral mucosa and three different pathologies (hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma) by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. COX-1 mRNA and protein have been detected already in normal oral mucosa and their expression progressively increases from normal samples towards hyperplasia, dysplasia and finally carcinoma. On the contrary, COX-2 is not expressed in the normal tissue, starts to be expressed in hyperplasia, reaches the maximum activation in dysplasia and then starts to be downregulated in carcinoma.
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17
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Pannone G, Hindi SAH, Santoro A, Sanguedolce F, Rubini C, Cincione RI, De Maria S, Tortorella S, Rocchetti R, Cagiano S, Pedicillo C, Serpico R, Lo Muzio L, Bufo P. Aurora B expression as a prognostic indicator and possible therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:79-88. [PMID: 21496390 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the chromosomal passenger protein Aurora B and its activated (phosphorylated) form in a large series of human oral squamous cell cancers (OSCC) and to evaluate its clinical and prognostic significance. Western blotting analysis revealed overexpression of both Aurora B and Thr-232 Phopsho-Aurora B in OSCC lines as compared to normal keratinocytes and bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, protein expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 101 OSCC of different site, stage and histological grade and in normal peritumoural areas. The intracellular localization of Aurora B in tumour cells was mainly nuclear, especially in proliferative areas, and significant overexpression was found in tumours in comparison to normal peritumoural areas (P=0.012). Staining results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and long-term follow-up, and a significant association was found between protein expression and tumour stage (stage II, III and IV vs stage I, P=0.030) and size (<2cm vs >2cm, P=0.010). Cox regression analysis confirmed a poorer disease-free survival in cases with high expression of Aurora B protein. Kaplan-Meier curves showed shorter time to progression in patients with high levels of Aurora B expression (p<0.05). Moreover, the tumoral group with nuclear Aurora B immunolocalization had the worst prognosis (P=0.0364 in disease free survival). Our results suggest that assessing Aurora B expression might help in patients risk stratification and serve as a novel therapeutic target in advanced OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pannone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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18
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Grimminger CM, Danenberg PV. Update of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 268:5-16. [PMID: 20827554 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-010-1369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) constitute about 5% of all cancers in the western world and the incidence and mortality rates of this tumor have shown little improvement over the last 30 years. Molecular targeted therapy, a promising strategy for the treatment of OSCC and other cancers, requires the understanding of specific molecular events of carcinogenesis and the different pathological, partly interrelated pathways. Extended knowledge of the prognostic or predictive value of molecular biomarkers in oropharyngeal cancer is necessary to allow a better characterization and classification of the tumor, improve the appraisal of clinical outcome and help to specify individual multimodal therapy with increased efficiency. This work affords an updated summary regarding recent data about tissue biomarkers in patients with OSCC, based on the six essential hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg (Cell 100(1):57-70, 2000) providing the characterization of a malignant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Grimminger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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19
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Mori G, Brunetti G, Colucci S, Oranger A, Ciccolella F, Sardone F, Pignataro P, Mori C, Karapanou V, Ballini A, Mastrangelo F, Tete S, Grassi FR, Grano M. Osteoblast apoptosis in periodontal disease: role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:95-103. [PMID: 19309556 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (Pd) is characterized by an increased osteoclast resorption and a decreased osteoblast (OB) bone formation. OBs obtained from alveolar bone of Periodontitis patients (Pp) undergo apoptosis in the presence of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). We studied the intracellular apoptotic pathway induced by TRAIL; TRAIL death (DR4, DR5) and decoy (DcR1, DcR2) receptors expression in Periodontitis patients OBs (PpOBs), and we measured the concentration of TRAIL in the serum of Pp. We demonstrated that DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 in PpOBs, following TRAIL stimulation, occurred in shorter time; moreover, a higher amount of both caspases was activated in order to direct OBs. Down-regulation of DcR2 in PpOBs was demonstrated and high TRAIL levels were detected in the serum of Pp. In conclusion, our data suggest that PpOBs are more sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis when compared to the control group. The down-regulation of DcR2 possibly leads to an imbalanced ratio between death and decoy receptors. Our findings highlight a role of TRAIL in the pathogenesis of Pd.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mori
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Foggia, Italy
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20
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Goulart Filho JAV, Nonaka CFW, da Costa Miguel MC, de Almeida Freitas R, Galvão HC. Immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2009; 30:89-94. [PMID: 19239949 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an induced proinflammatory enzyme involved in various steps of carcinogenesis such as cell proliferation, reduction in apoptosis rates, and promotion of tumor angiogenesis. Mutation or inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently observed in malignant neoplasms and is known to be involved in the early stages of carcinogenesis. Recent studies reveal a possible correlation between COX-2 and p53 expression in several malignant neoplasms. The present study analyzed the correlation between the expression of COX-2 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and evaluated the differences in the expression of these 2 proteins according to the histologic grade of malignancy of the tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four cases of OSCC were graded according to the histologic grading system proposed by Bryne [Oral Dis 4(2) (1998) 70-77]. Immunoexpression of COX-2 and p53 was analyzed by counting 1000 neoplastic cells in 5 different fields at the deep invasive front of the tumor under a light microscope. On the basis of the number of immunopositive cells, the labeling index expressed as the percentage of positively stained cells was established for each marker. RESULTS Increased COX-2 expression in most specimens was observed, although no significant correlation was observed between COX-2 and p53 labeling indices (P > .05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the expression of these proteins between high- and low-grade tumors (P > .05). CONCLUSION The increased expression of COX-2 in OSCC suggests a role for this protein in the pathogenesis and progression of oral cancer.
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21
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Substance P Upregulates LTB4 in Rat Adherent Macrophages from Granuloma Induced by KMnO4. Neurotox Res 2009; 15:49-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Katsanos G, Anogeianaki A, Orso C, Tetè S, Salini V, Antinolfi P, Sabatino G. Substance P: An Inflammatory Peptide. EUR J INFLAMM 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0800600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is involved in neurogenic inflammation and in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, demonstrating that there is a narrow interrelationship between the nervous system and immunity. Macrophage functions are altered in stress, therefore, since SP is a macrophage activator, its biological effect has been intimately linked to stress. In fact, SP enhances LPS-induced macrophage TNFα production from stressed animals and stimulates the production of IL-8 CXC chemokine response in a mast cell line in vitro. The stress-induced cytokines from macrophage also alter and contribute to inflammation. Understanding the pathophysiology of inflammation and the role of the chemical mediator SP may improve inflammation management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Orso
- Orthopaedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti
| | - S. Tetè
- Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti
| | - V. Salini
- Orthopaedic Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti
| | | | - G. Sabatino
- Paediatric Division, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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23
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Søland TM, Husvik C, Koppang HS, Boysen M, Sandvik L, Clausen OPF, Christoffersen T, Bryne M. A study of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and COX-2 in early stage (T1-T2) oral squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:535-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Korpi JT, Kervinen V, Mäklin H, Väänänen A, Lahtinen M, Läärä E, Ristimäki A, Thomas G, Ylipalosaari M, Aström P, Lopez-Otin C, Sorsa T, Kantola S, Pirilä E, Salo T. Collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) plays a protective role in tongue cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:766-75. [PMID: 18253113 PMCID: PMC2259187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is the most common cancer in the oral cavity and has a high mortality rate. A total of 90 mobile tongue SCC samples were analysed for Bryne's malignancy scores, microvascular density, and thickness of the SCC sections. In addition, the staining pattern of cyclooxygenase-2, αvβ6 integrin, the laminin-5 γ2-chain, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -7, -8, -9, -20, and -28 were analysed. The expression of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) was positively associated with improved survival of the patients and the tendency was particularly prominent in females. No sufficient evidence for a correlation with the clinical outcome was found for any other immunohistological marker. To test the protective role of MMP-8 in tongue carcinogenesis, MMP-8 knockout mice were used. MMP-8 deficient female mice developed tongue SCCs at a significantly higher incidence than wild-type mice exposed to carcinogen 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide. Consistently, oestrogen-induced MMP-8 expression in cultured HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells, and MMP-8 cleaved oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β. According to these data, we propose that, contrary to the role of most proteases produced by human carcinomas, MMP-8 has a protective, probably oestrogen-related role in the growth of mobile tongue SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Korpi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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25
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Negrev N, Radev R, Velikova M, Anogeianaki A. Experimental Study of the Effects of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis on Platelet Functional Activity. EUR J INFLAMM 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0800600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis exert various effects in organism, but their influence on the functional activity of platelets is relatively unknown. To establish the effect of the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis on the functional activity of platelets by means of determining the plasma level of beta-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) a study was conducted on 40 white male rats of the “Wistar” breed. The necessary blood volume was obtained under ether narcosis by cardiac puncture in CTAD-test-tubes. Using Diagnostica Stago (France) tests, by means of enzyme-immune test, the level of two of the most informative platelet secretion markers was determined. The hormones: Thyreotropin releasing hormone (0.06 mg/kg bw), Thyroid stimulating hormone (1 MU/kg bw), Trijodthyroninum (0.08 mg/kg bw), Thyroxin (0.08 mg/kg bw), applied s.c. on three consecutive days strongly reduce the plasma level of β-TG (p<0.001) and PF 4 (p < 0.001). The reduced level of β-TG and PF 4 in the plasma is an indicator of their reduced functional activity, which is one of the determinants for the development of hemocoagulation. The functional activity of platelets in rats, determined by the level of β-TG and PF 4, is significantly suppressed by all hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A. Anogeianaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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26
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Castellani ML, Bhattacharya K, Tagen M, Kempuraj D, Perrella A, De Lutiis M, Boucher W, Conti P, Theoharides TC, Cerulli G, Salini V, Neri G. Anti-chemokine therapy for inflammatory diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:447-53. [PMID: 17880758 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are inflammatory proteins acting via G-protein coupled chemokine receptors that trigger different signaling pathways. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (CCL5/RANTES) are the two major members of the CC chemokine beta subfamily. The roles of RANTES and MCP-1 are emerging in regulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissue during inflammation. The inhibition of MCP-1 and RANTES with corresponding antibodies or other inhibitors may provide benefits in different clinical scenarios including cancer, inflammation, CNS disorders, parasitic disease, autoimmune and heart diseases. RANTES and MCP-1 may represent targets for diagnostic procedures and therapeutic intervention, and may be useful as a prognostic factor in the above diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Castellani
- Department of Internal Medicine and Science of Ageing, University of Chieti, Italy.
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27
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Anogianaki A, Castellani ML, Madhappan B, Salini V, Vecchiet J, Tetè S, Frydas S, Perrella A, De Lutiis MA, Neri G, Cerulli G, Caraffa A, Conti P. RANTES (CCL5) potentiates calcium ionophore in the production of LTB4 in rat adherent macrophages from granuloma induced by KMnO4: inhibiton by NDGA. Pharmacol Res 2007; 57:49-55. [PMID: 18083043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The activation of monocytes/macrophages by several stimuli is an initial event in the inflammatory response. To ascertain the importance of LTB(4) and 5-lypoxigenase in the inflammatory site, we isolated and stimulated rat adherent granuloma macrophages (RAGMs) with calcium ionophore in the presence or absence of regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) [CCL5] at different concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that RANTES may influence the production of LTB(4) stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 (2.5 microM/ml) in rat adherent granuloma macrophages derived from granuloma induced by potassium permanganate diluted 1:40 saturated solution. To test this hypothesis, we measured LTB(4) production, in rat granuloma macrophages stimulated with A23187 (2.5 microM) alone and in combination with RANTES at different concentrations. In these studies, the cell-free supernatant of stimulated RAGMs with the ionophore A23187, resulted in a drastic increase of LTB(4). However, when the cells were treated with the combination RANTES plus A23187 the stimulatory effect was more pronounced than A23187 alone. LTB(4) production was quantitated. The calcium ionophore A23187 directly induced LTB(4) in macrophages, this production was markedly enhanced when the cells were pretreated with RANTES. However, the addition of RANTES in the absence of calcium ionophore A23187 did not directly induce LTB(4) release, nor was lypoxigenase expression augmented. Preincubation of RAGMs with NDGA (nordihydroguiaretic acid) (10(-5)M) completely abolished the production of LTB4 on RAGMSs challenged with A23187 in combination with RANTES or A23187 alone in the supernatants. Similar effects were obtained when the cells were pretreated with dexamethasone. These data suggest, for the first time, that RANTES may stimulate the release of LTB(4), only when it is associated to other stimuli and for this reason we conclude that RANTES modulates inflammatory diseases, and may require other stimuli to be effective in amplifying its spectrum of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anogianaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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