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Kumboyono K, Chomsy IN, Hakim AK, Sujuti H, Hariyanti T, Srihardyastutie A, Wihastuti TA. Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7319-7328. [PMID: 36147199 PMCID: PMC9489220 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s367125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kumboyono Kumboyono
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Indah Nur Chomsy
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Ardhi Khoirul Hakim
- Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Sujuti
- Department of Biomolecular-Ophtalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Saifur Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Tita Hariyanti
- Saifur Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Arie Srihardyastutie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Basic Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
- Correspondence: Titin Andri Wihastuti, Email
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Fahim YA, Sharaf NE, Hasani IW, Ragab EA, Abdelhakim HK. Assessment of Thyroid Function and Oxidative Stress State in Foundry Workers Exposed to Lead. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:200903. [PMID: 32874759 PMCID: PMC7453815 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to lead (Pb) has been associated with endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal and neurological problems in humans. However, effects on the thyroid gland are controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess thyroid function in foundry workers occupationally exposed to Pb and the mechanism of oxidative-antioxidant imbalance. METHODS Thyroid function parameters and markers of oxidative stress were examined in 59 adult males who had been occupationally exposed to Pb. The results were then compared to those of 28 male subjects who had no history of Pb exposure or thyroid abnormalities and served as a control group. RESULTS Mean blood lead levels (16.5±1.74 μg/dl) were significantly higher among the exposed workers compared to those of the control group (12.8±1.16 μg/dl, (p <0.001)). The exposed group had significantly increased free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and significantly decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (1.77±0.44 μIU/ml), whereas the control group had a TSH level of 2.61±0.94 μIU/ml (p< 0.0001). A state of oxidative stress was indicated by the significant increase in mean levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.358, p <0.05) between blood lead levels (BLL) and duration of employment, while BLL showed a significant negative correlation with TSH (r =-0.486, p <0.001), and GSH (r =-0.336, p <0.05). Of the occupationally exposed workers, 32.76% had elevated thyroid hormones. The results showed a significant positive relationship between GSH and TSH (β coefficient=0.274, p < 0.05), MDA with FT3 (β coefficient=0.355, p < 0.05) and FT4 (β coefficient = 0.491, p < 0.0001) among exposed workers. CONCLUSIONS Workers exposed to Pb dust proved to be at risk for hyperthyroidism, which was found to have a significant role in oxidative-antioxidant imbalance present among workers with increasing duration of exposure. PARTICIPANT CONSENT Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the National Research Centre in Egypt (NRC) under the registration number 15225. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosri A. Fahim
- Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority (EMRA), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nevin E. Sharaf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim W. Hasani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Idlip University and AL-Shamal Private University (SPU), Idlip, Syria
| | - Eman A. Ragab
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba K. Abdelhakim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Lisboa TP, Mimura AMS, da Silva JCJ, de Sousa RA. Chromium Levels in Tobacco, Filter and Ash of Illicit Brands Cigarettes Marketed in Brazil. J Anal Toxicol 2020; 44:514-520. [PMID: 31984423 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkz106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a public health problem and an important source of exposure to toxic metals. This work describes an efficient analytical method comparable to the ones based on atomic emission techniques for the determination of chromium in different constituent parts of cigarette samples (tobacco, filters and ashes) using electrothermal vaporization-atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was evaluated using 12 samples, and the results showed recovery values between 83 and 107%. The accuracy was also evaluated using a reference sample of tomato leaves (NIST SRM 1573a), which proved the efficiency of the method. The limits of detection of the developed method were 20.4, 75.8 and 80.7 ng g-1 for tobacco, filter and cigarette ash samples, respectively. The average chromium values found for the analyzed samples were in the range of 0.96 to 3.85 and from 0.32 to 0.80 μg/cigarette for tobacco and ashes, respectively. For most pre-burn and post-burn filter samples, the values of chromium concentration remained below limits of detection. The developed method presented adequate results about precision and accuracy, demonstrating its applicability in the determination of chromium in cigarette samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa
- Grupo Baccan de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Simões Mimura
- Colegiado de Licenciatura em Química, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus Serra da Capivara, São Raimundo Nonato, PI, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Jose da Silva
- Grupo Baccan de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Arromba de Sousa
- Grupo Baccan de Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Xu X, Hua Y, Wang L, Hou W, Xia M. Correlation between risk factors of cerebrovascular disease and calcified plaque characteristics in patients with atherosclerotic severe carotid stenosis. Neurol Res 2020; 42:83-89. [PMID: 31900088 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1710403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the risk factors of cerebral vascular diseases (CVD) and the characteristics of calcified plaques in patients with severe carotid arteriosclerosis stenosis (SCAS).Methods: A total of 402 patients with SCAS who were treated in our hospital between January to December 2016 were included in this study. The patients were divided into calcified plaque group and non-calcified plaque group according to the ultrasonography and computerized tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) imaging of SCAS-responsible plaque and the characteristics of calcified plaques evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound.Results: The patients with long-term diabetes mellitus or higher levels of fasting blood glucose were more likely to develop calcified plaques (P = 0.00 and P = 0.021, respectively). In addition, the patients with calcified plaques were mostly smokers (P = 0.016). Their smoking duration and accumulative smoking exposure were higher than those without calcified plaque (P = 0.006 and P = 0.007, respectively). The basal location of calcification (P = 0.004) and the type of patchy calcification (P = 0.00) were both easier to appear in smokers, while non-smokers were more likely to have small granular calcification (P = 0.002). Furthermore, the carotid plaque calcification with mixed-location were more frequently seen in patients with hypertension (P = 0.016). The risk factors independently associated with plaque calcification were significantly associated with smoking status, smoking age, and accumulative smoking exposure, as well as age and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.05).Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus and age were independent risk factors for carotid plaque calcification. Smoking and hypertension were associated with specific locations and types of plaque calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Xu
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Department of vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hormozi M, Mirzaei R, Nakhaee A, payandeh A, Izadi S, Haghighi JD. Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in glazers with occupational cadmium exposure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 35:32-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718809256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there is a growing interest for the use of antioxidants as a preventive agent against cadmium (Cd) intoxication. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in Cd-exposed glazers. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-month crossover clinical trial, coenzyme Q10 (60 mg twice daily) or placebo was administrated to 40 male glazers occupationally exposed to Cd. The subjects were randomly assigned to the placebo and coenzyme Q10 groups ( n = 20 in each group). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of glazers were measured at baseline and at the end of both intervention phases. The primary outcomes were the changes in serum levels of MDA, TAC and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx during administration with coenzyme Q10 versus placebo. Compared with placebo, treatment to coenzyme Q10 was associated with a significant reduction in serum MDA levels ( p < 0.001) While, there was no significant effect on the serum TAC levels ( p = 0.096). Also, the activity antioxidant enzymes of SOD ( p < 0.001) and GPx ( p = 0.003) were significantly higher and the CAT activity ( p < 0.001) was lower after 2-month coenzyme Q10 administration compared with placebo. Data demonstrated that coenzyme Q10 supplementation at a dose of 60 mg (twice daily) is effective in reducing oxidative stress marker level (MDA) and improving antioxidant enzymes activity in glazers exposed to Cd. However, further research is needed to assess coenzyme Q10 as a possible dietary intervention in Cd-exposed workers. Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Registration Number: IRCT2016061228407N1 ( www.who.int/ictrp/network/irct/en/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hormozi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramazan Mirzaei
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl payandeh
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Izadi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Javid Dehghan Haghighi
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Milnerowicz H, Wrześniak M, Królik M, Kowalska K. Influence of tobacco smoke on zinc, cadmium, iron, iron-binding proteins, and low-weight anti-oxidant status in pregnancy. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:534-541. [PMID: 30794012 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1576805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and tobacco smoking (TS) each can cause increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; this, in turn, can lead to disorders in iron management and disruption of the pro- and anti-oxidant balance. The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of TS and Cd on Fe, Zn, and anti-oxidant levels (i.e. glutathione [GSH], metallothionein [MT]) in the blood of pregnant women. The study reported here evaluated 110 blood samples from pregnant women in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester. Concentrations of ferritin and transferrin were measured in the serum; Zn, Fe and cotinine in the plasma, that of Cd in whole blood, that for glutathione in red blood cell lysates, and levels of metallothionein both in the plasma and in lysates prepared from isolated erythrocytes. The results indicated there was a decrease in Zn and increase in Cd and metallothionein levels in pregnant women smokers as compared to in nonsmoking counterparts. Differences in intracellular MT concentration were noted both in smoking and nonsmoking women during pregnancy while there were no changes in extracellular MT level. A decline in circulating ferritin and a rise in transferrin during pregnancy was observed in all groups. Based on the results, it was concluded that exposure to TS-associated xenobiotics like Cd could result in higher MT levels in erythrocytes and in pregnant smokers, the major anti-oxidant mechanism that is in place is one being mediated by MT and not by reduced GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Milnerowicz
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marta Wrześniak
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
- b Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Małgorzata Królik
- c Early Pregnancy Pathology Clinic , Centre of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology , Opole , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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Hormozi M, Mirzaei R, Nakhaee A, Izadi S, Dehghan Haghighi J. The biochemical effects of occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes activity in the blood of glazers in tile industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:459-467. [PMID: 29669482 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718769526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) on markers of oxidative stress in glazers in tile industries. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in the blood of 80 subjects, including 40 glazers and 40 nonexposed subjects. Mean levels of blood Cd (8.90 ± 2.80 µg/L) and blood Pb (62.90 ± 38.10 µg/L) of glazers showed a significant increase compared with the control group. In the serum of glazers, the level of MDA was significantly higher and the level of TAC was significantly lower than the control group. We have noted a disturbance in the levels of antioxidants by a significant increase in the CAT activity and a significant decrease in the activities of SOD and GPx in the serum of glazers compared with the controls. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the serum MDA level and CAT activity were positively associated with the blood levels of Pb and Cd. Also, GPx and SOD were negatively correlated with blood Cd levels. The study clearly indicated that co-exposure to Cd and Pb can induce oxidative stress in glazers, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and altered antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hormozi
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ramazan Mirzaei
- 1 Department of Occupational Health, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nakhaee
- 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Izadi
- 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Javid Dehghan Haghighi
- 4 Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Roy A, Kordas K. The Relation Between Low-Level Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: a Review of the Epidemiological Evidence in Children and Non-Occupationally Exposed Adults. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:478-492. [PMID: 27726071 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in occupationally exposed adults indicate that higher lead exposure results in higher biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, this evidence cannot be extended to the general population who typically experience lower levels of lead exposure. This systematic review evaluates the epidemiological evidence on the association between lead and oxidative stress in non-occupationally exposed general population, with a particular focus on the pediatric population. Studies were identified through a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science. Ultimately, evidence from 15 studies conducted in children and 22 studies in adults from the general population was reviewed. Overall, the published findings are inconsistent, and there are very few well-designed studies on the relation between lead exposure and oxidative stress in the general population. The strength of the current evidence is discussed in light of the methodological approaches employed, and recommendations are made for future research directions. These include designing prospective studies with repeat measurements of clinically relevant oxidative stress markers to answer the question of causality and sensitive windows and reanalyzing previously published data, but using multivariable statistical approaches and adjustment for relevant explanatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The impact of smoking on the development of diabetes and its complications. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:265-276. [PMID: 28393534 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an overview of the impact of smoking on the development of vascular complications in this condition and also provides an overview of the potential role of smoking in predisposition to diabetes. There are many studies documenting the impact of smoking on health (not focused on patients with diabetes), suggesting that the health exposure in these individuals is at least comparable to that observed in the general population. Distinct studies of smoking in patients with diabetes have unambiguously confirmed an increased prevalence and a higher risk of early death associated with the development of macrovascular complications. Smoking is also associated with premature development of microvascular complications and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It has been shown that smoking is a predictor of the progression of glucose intolerance at both the transition from normoglycaemia to impaired glucose tolerance status and the increased risk of developing diabetes. The mechanisms explaining the relationship between smoking and the development of diabetes are not fully understood, although a number of hypotheses have been put forward. Current evidence indicates that smoking cessation is not only important to prevent macrovascular complications in diabetes, but also has a role in limiting microvascular disease and may also facilitate glycaemic management in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Milnerowicz H, Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Sobiech KA. The effect of ozone on the expression of metallothionein in tissues of rats chronically exposed to cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:27-37. [PMID: 28366866 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aims were to evaluate the expression of metallothionein (MT) in an experimental rat model which experienced chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) and to measure its expression after ozone therapy (OT) or oxygen (Ox) in the same model, as compared to the control group, which was exposed to neither cadmium nor ozone. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control, Cd, Cd and Ox, Cd and Oz, and Oz. During our research, Cd concentration (ASA) and MT concentration (ELISA) were determined in supernatants of the kidneys, liver and pancreas. SDS-PAGE analyses and immunohistochemical localization were used to evaluate the level of MT expression in the tissue. In rats intoxicated with Cd, the highest concentration of both Cd and MT was observed in the kidneys and liver, with a significantly lower concentration measured in the pancreas. Ozone therapy reduces the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys, resulting in a reduced expression of metallothionein in those tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211, Poland.
| | - Mariola Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof A Sobiech
- Department of Basic Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Poland.
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Bizoń A, Antonowicz-Juchniewicz J, Milnerowicz M, Śliwińska-Mossoń M, Milnerowicz H. The effect of occupational exposure on pro/antioxidant balance in the blood of non-smoking and smoking smelters with diabetes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 44:99-106. [PMID: 27137107 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, lead and cadmium, potent environmental toxicants have been reported to induce diabetes mellitus, but their potential biological mechanism(s) have not been much investigated. The present study was designed to correlate parameters of pro/antioxidant balance with occupational exposure on heavy metals and smoking in smelters with diabetes compared on control group. The results showed a significant increase in the concentration of arsenic, cadmium and lead in the blood and urine of smelters, while smoking caused a further increase in the concentration of these metals. Increasing γ-glutamyltransferase activity and lead concentration due to occupational exposure in copper foundry, tobacco smoke and co-existing diabetes were observed. Also these factors have synergistic effects on metallothionein and glutathione concentrations as well as glutathione dependent enzymes activities. Our data suggests that sub-chronic arsenic, lead and cadmium exposure induces diabetic condition which may be mediated due to increased oxidative stress in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - J Antonowicz-Juchniewicz
- Professor Emeritus from Department and Clinic of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical Uniwersity, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Milnerowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Śliwińska-Mossoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - H Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
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Bizoń A, Kepinska M, Snacki K, Milnerowicz H. The impact of environmental and biological factors on paraoxonase 1 and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activities in the blood of smelters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 26:222-238. [PMID: 26418915 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1089533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of paraoxonase and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activities can induce development of the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of occupational exposure to heavy metals, tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption on the activities of paraoxonase and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase as well as glutathione concentration. We have observed reduced paraoxonase activity and higher γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity in serum of smelters when compared to control groups. In the blood of smoking smelters was demonstrated a negative correlation between paraoxonase activity and BMI value as well as between paraoxonase activity and tobacco smoke and consumption of 40% alcohol. Also, negative correlation was found for the activity of paraoxonase and glutathione concentration as well as γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity. Higher γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity and lower paraoxonase activity in the serum of smelters exposed to heavy metals and tobacco smoke can cause disorders in functioning of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marta Kepinska
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Snacki
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Students Scientific Society at the Department of Biomedical Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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Roy A, Queirolo E, Peregalli F, Mañay N, Martínez G, Kordas K. Association of blood lead levels with urinary F₂-8α isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine concentrations in first-grade Uruguayan children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:127-35. [PMID: 25863186 PMCID: PMC4492803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a potential molecular mechanism for lead-induced toxicities, yet, we have limited understanding of the relation between low-level lead (Pb) exposure and OS, especially in children. This cross-sectional study examines the association between blood lead level (BLL) and two OS markers-urinary F2-8α isoprostane or isoprostane (a marker of lipid peroxidation) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-Guanosine or 8-OH-dG (a marker of DNA damage) in 211 children, aged 5-8 years, from Montevideo, Uruguay. The role of dietary intakes of vitamin C and zinc in modifying the relation between BLL and OS was also examined. The mean (SD) BLL of the study children was 4.7 (2.2) µg/dL, with 30.2% children having BLL ≥5 µg/dL, the current reference level set by the US Centre for Disease Control for identifying, monitoring and management of children with elevated BLL. In covariate-adjusted analysis, there was a weak positive association between BLL and urinary isoprostane (adjusted for specific gravity) [β=0.09, p<0.1]. No association was found between children's BLL and urinary 8-OH-dG. Interactions between dietary intakes of vitamin C or zinc and BLL on OS biomarkers were not consistent. However, when BLL and vitamin C or BLL and zinc were modeled together, BLL was independently associated with isoprostane concentration [β=0.10, p<0.05] but vitamin C or zinc intake was not. These findings suggest that there may be a potential adverse effect of BLL on OS in children with low-level Pb exposure. There is a need to study the effects of Pb on other OS measures, as well as the role of OS in mediating low-level Pb toxicity on functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
| | - Elena Queirolo
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Peregalli
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Milnerowicz H, Ściskalska M, Dul M. Pro-inflammatory effects of metals in persons and animals exposed to tobacco smoke. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:1-10. [PMID: 24916792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals present in tobacco smoke have the ability to cause a pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance through the direct generation of free radicals in accordance with the Fenton or Haber-Weiss reaction and redox properties. Metals can also interact with antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and small molecular antioxidants (glutathione) through binding to SH groups or by replacement of metals ions in the catalytic center of enzymes. Excessive free radicals production can induce an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to review the information on the induction of inflammation by metals present in tobacco smoke such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni) and mercury (Hg). In cellular immune response, it was demonstrated that radicals induced by metals can disrupt the transcription signaling pathway mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (induced by Pb), NLRP3-ASC-caspase 1 (induced by Ni), tyrosine kinase Src (induced by As) and the nuclear factor κB (induced by Pb, Ni, Hg). The result of this is a gene transcription for early inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukine 1β, Interleukine 6, and Tumor necrosis factor α). These cytokines can cause leukocytes recruitment and secretions of other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which intensifies the inflammatory response. Some metals, such as cadmium (Cd), can activate an inflammatory response through tissue damage induction mediated by free radicals, which also results in leukocytes recruitment and cytokines secretions. Inflammation generated by metals can be reduced by metallothionein, which has the ability to scavenge free radicals and bind toxic metals through the release of Zn and oxidation of SH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Dul
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Kowalska K, Bizoń A, Zalewska M, Milnerowicz H. The influence of biological and environmental factors on metallothionein concentration in the blood. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:99-103. [PMID: 24912972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The concentration of metallothionein (MT), a low-molecular-weight protein, is regulated by many factors, primarily metals (zinc, cadmium, copper), cytokines, glucocorticoides and free radicals. These factors are determined by such aspects of human biology as gender, pregnancy and age, as well as by environmental factors including the use of oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking, all which may affect MT levels in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of these biological and environmental factors on MT concentrations in erythrocyte lysate and in plasma. MT concentrations were determined by a two-step direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Evaluation of exposure to cigarette smoking was performed by checking cotinine levels in the plasma of subjects. The studies showed higher MT concentrations in both the erythrocyte lysate and plasma of women when compared to men. Furthermore, pregnancy causes an increase of MT concentration in plasma, while oral contraceptives cause an elevated concentration of MT in erythrocyte lysate. Age impacts plasma MT concentrations in men, whereas it does not affect concentrations of MT in erythrocyte lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland.
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland
| | - Marta Zalewska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, Wrocław 50-556, Poland
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Ściskalska M, Zalewska M, Grzelak A, Milnerowicz H. The influence of the occupational exposure to heavy metals and tobacco smoke on the selected oxidative stress markers in smelters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:59-68. [PMID: 24789476 PMCID: PMC4051999 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify if there is any association between exposure to Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As and the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and whether in this process cigarette smoking plays a role. The investigations were performed in the 352 smelters occupationally exposed to heavy metals and 73 persons of control group. Metals concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. MDA and AOPP concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The concentration of 8-OHdG was determined by ELISA method. It was demonstrated an increased Cu concentration in smoking smelters compared to non-smoking control group. It was noted no differences in Zn and Mg concentrations between the examined groups. Pb concentration was more than sixfold higher in the group of smoking smelters and about fivefold higher in the group of non-smoking smelters compared to the control groups (smokers and non-smokers). It was shown that Cd concentration in the blood was nearly fivefold higher in the smoking control group compared to the non-smoking control group and more than threefold higher in the group of smoking smelters compared to non-smoking. It was shown an increased As concentration (more than fourfold) and decreased Ca concentration in both groups of smelters compared to control groups. In groups of smelters (smokers and non-smokers), twofold higher MDA and AOPP concentrations, and AOPP/albumin index compared to control groups (smokers and non-smokers) were shown. Tobacco smoke is the major source of Cd in the blood of smelters. Occupational exposure causes accumulation of Pb in the blood. Occupational exposure to heavy metals causes raise of MDA concentration and causes greater increase in AOPP concentration than tobacco smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Ściskalska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Zalewska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Grzelak
- Students Scientific Society at the Department of Biomedical Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Participation of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase in the blood of smoking smelters. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 27:326-34. [PMID: 24692073 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-014-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metallothionein (MT) and two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on zinc and copper ions, are involved in defense against the same superoxide anion radicals and are present in extra- and intracellular compartments. The aim of our study was to investigate MT concentration and Cu/Zn SOD activity in the plasma and erythrocyte lysate of the non-smoking and smoking smelters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The investigations were performed in the blood of 300 male smelters and 100 non-exposed male subjects. We have measured zinc, copper, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MT concentrations as well as SOD activity. RESULTS We have observed an increase of Cu/Zn coefficient and decrease of Zn/Cu coefficient in the serum of smelters in comparison with the non-smoking control group. Concentration of MDA in the plasma of smelters was higher in comparison with its concentration in the non-smoking control group. The plasma and the erythrocyte lysate MT concentration increased significantly in the whole group of smelters as compared to the non-smoking control group. The mean value of MT concentration in plasma of the smoking smelters was above 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. The activity of Cu/Zn SOD in plasma of the smoking and non-smoking smelters was decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, respectively. The lowest activity of Cu/Zn SOD, about 2-3-fold decreased in comparison with the smoking and non-smoking control groups, was detected in plasma of the smelters. An inverse relationship was observed in the erythrocyte lysate. The highest activity of Cu/Zn SOD was reported in the erythrocyte lysate of the smoking smelters and it was about 2-fold higher than in the non-smoking control group. CONCLUSIONS In extracellular environment MT plays a crucial role in comparison with the SOD, while in the intracellular compartment Cu/Zn SOD and MT cooperate with each other.
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