1
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Cupples AM, Li Z, Wilson FP, Ramalingam V, Kelly A. In silico analysis of soil, sediment and groundwater microbial communities to predict biodegradation potential. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 202:106595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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2
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Kikani M, Satasiya GV, Sahoo TP, Kumar PS, Kumar MA. Remedial strategies for abating 1,4-dioxane pollution-special emphasis on diverse biotechnological interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113939. [PMID: 35921903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
1,4-dioxane is a heterocyclic ether used as a polar industrial solvent and are released as waste discharges. 1,4-dioxane deteriorates health and quality, thereby attracts concern by the environment technologists. The need of attaining sustainable development goals have resulted in search of an eco-friendly and technically viable treatment strategy. This extensive review is aimed to emphasis on the (a) characteristics of 1,4-dioxane and their occurrence in the environment as well as their toxicity, (b) remedial strategies, such as physico-chemical treatment and advanced oxidation techniques. Special reference to bioremediation that involves diverse microbial strains and their mechanism are highlighted in this review. The role of macronutrients, stimulants and other abiotic cofactors in the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane is discussed lucidly. We have critically discussed the inducible enzymes, enzyme-based remediation, distinct instrumental method of analyses to know the fate of intermediates produced from 1,4-dioxane biotransformation. This comprehensive survey also tries to put forth the different toxicity assessment tools used in evaluating the extent of detoxification of 1,4-dioxane achieved through biotransforming mechanism. Conclusively, the challenges, opportunities, techno-economic feasibility and future prospects of implementing 1,4-dioxane through biotechnological interventions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Kikani
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India
| | - Gopi Vijaybhai Satasiya
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India
| | - Tarini Prasad Sahoo
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201 002 (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai-603 110 (Tamil Nadu), India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai-603 110 (Tamil Nadu), India
| | - Madhava Anil Kumar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar-364 002 (Gujarat), India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201 002 (Uttar Pradesh), India.
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3
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Yang W, Zheng J. Biobased 2,5-Dimethyltetrahydrofuran as a Green Aprotic Ether Solvent. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Weiran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, 999 XuFu Road, Nanchang 330031, China
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4
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Degradation of 1,4-dioxane by Newly Isolated Acinetobacter sp. M21 with Molasses as the Auxiliary Substrate. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Chemical and Molecular Characterization of Wound-Induced Suberization in Poplar (Populus alba × P. tremula) Stem Bark. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11091143. [PMID: 35567144 PMCID: PMC9102228 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Upon mechanical damage, plants produce wound responses to protect internal tissues from infections and desiccation. Suberin, a heteropolymer found on the inner face of primary cell walls, is deposited in specific tissues under normal development, enhanced under abiotic stress conditions and synthesized by any tissue upon mechanical damage. Wound-healing suberization of tree bark has been investigated at the anatomical level but very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this important stress response. Here, we investigated a time course of wound-induced suberization in poplar bark. Microscopic changes showed that polyphenolics accumulate 3 days post wounding, with aliphatic suberin deposition observed 5 days post wounding. A wound periderm was formed 9 days post wounding. Chemical analyses of the suberin polyester accumulated during the wound-healing response indicated that suberin monomers increased from 0.25 to 7.98 mg/g DW for days 0 to 28, respectively. Monomer proportions varied across the wound-healing process, with an overall ratio of 2:1 (monomers:glycerol) found across the first 14 days post wounding, with this ratio increasing to 7:2 by day 28. The expression of selected candidate genes of poplar suberin metabolism was investigated using qRT-PCR. Genes queried belonging to lipid polyester and phenylpropanoid metabolism appeared to have redundant functions in native and wound-induced suberization. Our data show that, anatomically, the wounding response in poplar bark is similar to that described in periderms of other species. It also provides novel insight into this process at the chemical and molecular levels, which have not been previously studied in trees.
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Riahi HS, Heidarieh P, Fatahi-Bafghi M. Genus Pseudonocardia: What we know about its biological properties, abilities and current application in biotechnology. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:890-906. [PMID: 34469043 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genus Pseudonocardia belongs to a group of Actinomycetes, and is a member of the family Pseudonocardiacea. The members of this genus are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile bacteria that are commonly found in soil, plant and environment. Although this genus has a low clinical significance; however, it has an important role in biotechnology due to the production of secondary metabolites, some of which have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-tumour effects. The use of phenotypic tests, such as gelatinase activity, starch hydrolysis, catalase and oxidase tests, as well as molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, are necessary for Pseudonocardia identification at the genus and species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Sadat Riahi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parvin Heidarieh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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7
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Murnane RA, Chen W, Hyman M, Semprini L. Long-term cometabolic transformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,4-dioxane by Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 grown on alcohols slowly produced by orthosilicates. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 240:103796. [PMID: 33765462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cometabolic transformation of 1,1,1-trichlorethane (1,1,1-TCA) and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) was achieved using slow release compounds (SRCs) as growth substrates for pure cultures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 (ATCC strain 21198). Resting cell transformation tests showed 1,4-D transformation occurred without a lag phase for cells grown on 2-butanol, while an induction period of several hours was required for 1-butanol grown cells. These observations were consistent with activity-based labeling patterns for monooxygenase hydroxylase components and specific rates of tetrahydrofuran (THF) degradation. 1,1,1-TCA and 1,4-D degradation rates for alcohol-grown cells were slower than those for cells grown on gaseous alkanes such as isobutane. Batch metabolism and degradation tests were performed, in the presence of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,4-D, with the growth of ATCC strain 21198 on alcohols produced by the hydrolysis of orthosilicates. Three orthosilicates were tested: tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS), tetra-s-butylorthosilicate (T2BOS), and tetraisopropoxysilane (T2POS). The measured rates of alcohol release in poisoned controls depended on the orthosilicate structure with TBOS, which produced a 1° alcohol (1-butanol), hydrolyzing more rapidly than T2POS and T2BOS, that produced the 2° alcohols 2-butanol and 2-propanol, respectively. The orthosilicates were added as light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) with ATCC strain 21198 and formed dispersed droplets when continuously mixed. Continuous rates of oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production confirmed alcohol metabolism by ATCC strain 21198 was occurring. The rates of metabolism (TBOS > T2POS > T2BOS) were consistent with the rates of alcohol release via abiotic hydrolysis. 1,4-D and 1,1,1-TCA were continuously transformed in successive additions by ATCC strain 21198 over 125 days, with the rates highly correlated with the rates of metabolism. The metabolism of the alcohols was not inhibited by acetylene, while transformation of 1,4-D and 1,1,1-TCA was inhibited by this gas. As acetylene is a potent inactivator of diverse bacterial monooxygenases, these results suggest that monooxygenase activity was required for the observed cometabolic transformations but not for alcohol utilization. Alcohol concentrations in the biologically active reactors were maintained below the levels of detection, indicating they were metabolized rapidly after being produced. Much lower rates of O2 consumption were observed in the reactors containing T2BOS, which has benefits for in-situ bioremediation. The results illustrate the importance of the structure of the SRC when developing passive aerobic cometabolic treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Murnane
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Weijue Chen
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael Hyman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Lewis Semprini
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Zhou Q, Jiang L, Qiu J, Pan Y, Swanda RV, Shi P, Li AM, Zhang X. Oral Exposure to 1,4-Dioxane Induces Hepatic Inflammation in Mice: The Potential Promoting Effect of the Gut Microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10149-10158. [PMID: 32674564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a widely used industrial solvent that has been frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, the hepatotoxicity of long-term dioxane exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations and underlying mechanisms of liver damage remain unclear. In this study, male mice were exposed to dioxane at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 ppm for 12 weeks, followed by histopathological examination of liver sections and multiomics investigation of the hepatic transcriptome, serum metabolome, and gut microbiome. Results showed that dioxane exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations induced hepatic inflammation and caused changes in the hepatic transcriptome and serum metabolic profiles. However, no inflammatory response was observed after in vitro exposure to all concentrations of dioxane and its in vivo metabolites. The gut microbiome was considered to be contributing to this apparently contradictory response. Increased levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may be produced by some gut microbiota, such as Porphyromonadaceae and Helicobacteraceae, after in vivo 500 ppm of dioxane exposure. LPS may enter the blood circulation through an impaired intestinal wall and aggravate hepatic inflammation in mice. This study provides novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of hepatic inflammation induced by dioxane and highlights the need for concerns about environmentally relevant concentrations of dioxane exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert V Swanda
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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Rasmussen MT, Saito AM, Hyman MR, Semprini L. Co-encapsulation of slow release compounds and Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 in gellan gum beads to promote the long-term aerobic cometabolic transformation of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and 1,4-dioxane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:771-791. [PMID: 32083262 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 21198 (strain ATCC 21198) was successfully co-encapsulated in gellan gum beads with orthosilicates as slow release compounds (SRCs) to support aerobic cometabolism of a mixture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) at aqueous concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 μg L-1. Oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production showed the co-encapsulated cells utilized the alcohols that were released from the co-encapsulated SRCs. Two model SRCs, tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS) and tetra-s-butylorthosilicate (T2BOS), which hydrolyze to produce 1- and 2-butanol, respectively, were encapsulated in gellan gum (GG) at mass loadings as high as 10% (w/w), along with strain ATCC 21198. In the GG encapsulated beads, TBOS hydrolyzed 26 times faster than T2BOS and rates were ∼4 times higher in suspension than when encapsulated. In biologically active reactors, the co-encapsulated strain ATCC 21198 effectively utilized the SRC hydrolysis products (1- and 2-butanol) and cometabolized repeated additions of a mixture of 1,1,1-TCA, cis-DCE, and 1,4-D for over 300 days. The transformation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE) were also transformed in the reactors after 250 days. In the long-term treatment, the batch reactors with co-encapsulated T2BOS GG beads achieved similar transformation rates, but at much lower O2 consumption rates than those with TBOS. The results demonstrate that the co-encapsulation technology can be a passive method for the cometabolic treatment of dilute groundwater plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T Rasmussen
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA.
| | - Alyssa M Saito
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA.
| | - Michael R Hyman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Lewis Semprini
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331 USA.
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Ramalingam V, Cupples AM. Anaerobic 1,4-dioxane biodegradation and microbial community analysis in microcosms inoculated with soils or sediments and different electron acceptors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4155-4170. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Enrichment of novel Actinomycetales and the detection of monooxygenases during aerobic 1,4-dioxane biodegradation with uncontaminated and contaminated inocula. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2255-2269. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Godri Pollitt KJ, Kim JH, Peccia J, Elimelech M, Zhang Y, Charkoftaki G, Hodges B, Zucker I, Huang H, Deziel NC, Murphy K, Ishii M, Johnson CH, Boissevain A, O'Keefe E, Anastas PT, Orlicky D, Thompson DC, Vasiliou V. 1,4-Dioxane as an emerging water contaminant: State of the science and evaluation of research needs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:853-866. [PMID: 31302550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane has historically been used to stabilize chlorinated solvents and more recently has been found as a contaminant of numerous consumer and food products. Once discharged into the environment, its physical and chemical characteristics facilitate migration in groundwater, resulting in widespread contamination of drinking water supplies. Over one-fifth of U.S. public drinking water supplies contain detectable levels of 1,4-dioxane. Remediation efforts using common adsorption and membrane filtration techniques have been ineffective, highlighting the need for alternative removal approaches. While the data evaluating human exposure and health effects are limited, animal studies have shown chronic exposure to cause carcinogenic responses in the liver across multiple species and routes of exposure. Based on this experimental evidence, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has listed 1,4-dioxane as a high priority chemical and classified it as a probable human carcinogen. Despite these health concerns, there are no federal or state maximum contaminant levels for 1,4-dioxane. Effective public health policy for this emerging contaminant requires additional information about human health effects, chemical interactions, environmental fate, analytical detection, and treatment technologies. This review highlights the current state of knowledge, key uncertainties, and data needs for future research on 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Jordan Peccia
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Georgia Charkoftaki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Brenna Hodges
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Ines Zucker
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Nicole C Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Kara Murphy
- Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Caroline H Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | | | - Elaine O'Keefe
- Office of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Paul T Anastas
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - David Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - David C Thompson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
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Zhou Y, Jie K, Zhao R, Li E, Huang F. Cyclic Ether Contaminant Removal from Water Using Nonporous Adaptive Pillararene Crystals via Host-Guest Complexation at the Solid-Solution Interface. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:5406365. [PMID: 31549069 PMCID: PMC6750096 DOI: 10.34133/2019/5406365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The removal of soluble cyclic ether contaminants, such as dioxane and THF, produced in industrial chemical processes from water is of great importance for environmental protection and human health. Here we report that nonporous adaptive crystals of perethylated pillar[5]arene (EtP5) and pillar[6]arene (EtP6) work as adsorbents for cyclic ether contaminant removal via host-guest complexation at the solid-solution interface. Nonporous EtP6 crystals have the ability to adsorb dioxane from water with the formation of 1:2 host-guest complex crystals, while EtP5 crystals cannot. However, both guest-free EtP5 and EtP6 crystals remove THF from water with EtP5 having a better capacity. This is because EtP5 forms a 1:2 host-guest complex with THF via host-guest complexation at the solid-solution interface while EtP6 forms a 1:1 host-guest complex with THF. EtP6 also shows the ability to selectively remove dioxane from water even in the presence of THF. Moreover, the reversible transitions between nonporous guest-free EtP5 and EtP6 structures and guest-loaded structures make them highly recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Run Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Errui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Qiu J, Cheng J, Xie Y, Jiang L, Shi P, Li X, Swanda RV, Zhou J, Wang Y. 1,4-Dioxane exposure induces kidney damage in mice by perturbing specific renal metabolic pathways: An integrated omics insight into the underlying mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:149-158. [PMID: 31029960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (dioxane), an industrial solvent widely detected in environmental and biological matrices, has potential nephrotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which dioxane induces kidney damage remains unclear. In this study, we used an integrated approach, combining kidney transcriptomics and urine metabolomics, to explore the mechanism for the toxic effects of dioxane on the mouse kidney. Transcriptomics profiling showed that exposure to 0.5 mg/L dioxane induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways in kidneys, such as MAPK and Wnt, although no changes in oxidative stress indicators or anatomical pathology were observed. Exposure to 500 mg/L dioxane significantly disrupted various metabolic pathways, concomitantly with observed renal tissue damage and stimulated oxidant defense system. Urine metabolomic analysis using NMR indicated that exposure to dioxane gradually altered the metabolic profile of urine. Within the full range of altered metabolites, the metabolic pathway containing glycine, serine and threonine was the most significantly altered pathway at the early stage of exposure (3 weeks) in both 0.5 and 500 mg/L dioxane-treated groups. However, with prolonged exposure (9 and 12 weeks), the level of taurine significantly decreased after treatment of 0.5 mg/L dioxane, while exposure to 500 mg/L dioxane significantly increased glutathione levels in urine and decreased arginine metabolism. Furthermore, integrated omics analysis showed that 500 mg/L dioxane exposure induced arginine deficiency by perturbing several genes involved in renal arginine metabolism. Shortage of arginine coupled with increased oxidative stress could lead to renal dysfunction. These findings offer novel insights into the toxicity of dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Jiade Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanci Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Liujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinying Li
- High School Affiliated to Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Robert V Swanda
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, United States
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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15
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Myers MA, Johnson NW, Marin EZ, Pornwongthong P, Liu Y, Gedalanga PB, Mahendra S. Abiotic and bioaugmented granular activated carbon for the treatment of 1,4-dioxane-contaminated water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:916-924. [PMID: 29879691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is a probable human carcinogen and an emerging contaminant that has been detected in surface water and groundwater resources. Many conventional water treatment technologies are not effective for the removal of 1,4-dioxane due to its high water solubility and chemical stability. Biological degradation is a potentially low-cost, energy-efficient approach to treat 1,4-dioxane-contaminated waters. Two bacterial strains, Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 (CB1190) and Mycobacterium austroafricanum JOB5 (JOB5), have been previously demonstrated to break down 1,4-dioxane through metabolic and co-metabolic pathways, respectively. However, both CB1190 and JOB5 have been primarily studied in laboratory planktonic cultures, while most environmental microbes grow in biofilms on surfaces. Another treatment technology, adsorption, has not historically been considered an effective means of removing 1,4-dioxane due to the contaminant's low Koc and Kow values. We report that the granular activated carbon (GAC), Norit 1240, is an adsorbent with high affinity for 1,4-dioxane as well as physical dimensions conducive to attached bacterial growth. In abiotic batch reactor studies, 1,4-dioxane adsorption was reversible to a large extent. By bioaugmenting GAC with 1,4-dioxane-degrading microbes, the adsorption reversibility was minimized while achieving greater 1,4-dioxane removal when compared with abiotic GAC (95-98% reduction of initial 1,4-dioxane as compared to an 85-89% reduction of initial 1,4-dioxane, respectively). Bacterial attachment and viability was visualized using fluorescence microscopy and confirmed by amplification of taxonomic genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and an ATP assay. Filtered samples of industrial wastewater and contaminated groundwater were also tested in the bioaugmented GAC reactors. Both CB1190 and JOB5 demonstrated 1,4-dioxane removal greater than that of the abiotic adsorbent controls. This study suggests that bioaugmented adsorbents could be an effective technology for 1,4-dioxane removal from contaminated water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Myers
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas W Johnson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Erick Zerecero Marin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Peerapong Pornwongthong
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Pracharat 1, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Center for Water Engineering and Infrastructure Research (CWEIR), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Wongsawang, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Phillip B Gedalanga
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Health Science, California State University, Fullerton, 800 North State College Blvd, Room KHS-121, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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16
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Wang M, Chen J, Fei WF, Li ZH, Yu YP, Lin X, Shan XB, Liu FY, Sheng LS. Dissociative Photoionization of 1,4-Dioxane with Tunable VUV Synchrotron Radiation. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1704068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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17
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Farajzadeh MA, Nassiry P, Mogaddam MRA, Nabil AAA. Development of dynamic headspace-liquid phase microextraction method performed in a home-made extraction vessel for extraction and preconcentration of 1,4-dioxane from shampoo. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0853-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Sekar R, DiChristina TJ. Microbially driven Fenton reaction for degradation of the widespread environmental contaminant 1,4-dioxane. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12858-12867. [PMID: 25313646 DOI: 10.1021/es503454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic cyclic ether compound 1,4-dioxane is employed as a stabilizer of chlorinated industrial solvents and is a widespread environmental contaminant in surface water and groundwater. In the present study, a microbially driven Fenton reaction was designed to autocatalytically generate hydroxyl (HO•) radicals that degrade 1,4-dioxane. In comparison to conventional (purely abiotic) Fenton reactions, the microbially driven Fenton reaction operated at circumneutral pH and did not the require addition of exogenous H2O2 or UV irradiation to regenerate Fe(II) as Fenton reagents. The 1,4-dioxane degradation process was driven by pure cultures of the Fe(III)-reducing facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis manipulated under controlled laboratory conditions. S. oneidensis batch cultures were provided with lactate, Fe(III), and 1,4-dioxane and were exposed to alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The microbially driven Fenton reaction completely degraded 1,4-dioxane (10 mM initial concentration) in 53 h with an optimal aerobic-anaerobic cycling period of 3 h. Acetate and oxalate were detected as transient intermediates during the microbially driven Fenton degradation of 1,4-dioxane, an indication that conventional and microbially driven Fenton degradation processes follow similar reaction pathways. The microbially driven Fenton reaction provides the foundation for development of alternative in situ remediation technologies to degrade environmental contaminants susceptible to attack by HO• radicals generated by the Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Sekar
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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19
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Eckert E, Gries W, Göen T, Leng G. Reliable quantitation of β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid in human urine by an isotope-dilution GC–MS procedure. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 935:80-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Masuda H, McClay K, Steffan RJ, Zylstra GJ. Biodegradation of tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane by soluble diiron monooxygenase in Pseudonocardia sp. strain ENV478. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 22:312-6. [PMID: 23147387 DOI: 10.1159/000343817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane is an important groundwater contaminant. Pseudonocardia sp. strain ENV478 degrades 1,4-dioxane via cometabolism after the growth on tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other carbon sources. Here, we have identified a THF monooxygenase (thm) in ENV478. The thm genes are transcribed constitutively and are induced to higher levels by THF. Decreased translation of the thmB gene encoding one of the monooxygenase subunits by antisense RNA resulted in the loss of its ability to degrade THF and 1,4-dioxane. This is the first study to link thm genes to THF degradation, as well as the cometabolic oxidation of 1,4-dioxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Masuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08902-8520, USA
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21
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A New Aluminium Hydroxide Coating on Fused Silica Fiber for the Determination of 1,4-Dioxane in Surfactants and Detergents Using HS-SPME-GC. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Kim YM, Jeon JR, Murugesan K, Kim EJ, Chang YS. Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane and transformation of related cyclic compounds by a newly isolated Mycobacterium sp. PH-06. Biodegradation 2008; 20:511-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-008-9240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Kasai T, Saito M, Senoh H, Umeda Y, Aiso S, Ohbayashi H, Nishizawa T, Nagano K, Fukushima S. Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 20:961-71. [PMID: 18668411 DOI: 10.1080/08958370802105397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of 1,4-dioxane was examined by repeated inhalation exposure of male and female F344 rats to 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 ppm (v/v) 1,4-dioxane vapor for 6 h/day and 5 days/wk. All the 6400-ppm-exposed males and females died during the first week. Terminal body weight decreased, and relative weights of liver, kidney, and lung increased. AST increased in the 200 ppm-and 3200-ppm-exposed females, and ALT increased in the 3200-ppm-exposed males and females. Nuclear enlargement of nasal respiratory epithelial cells occurring in the 100-ppm-exposed males and females was the most sensitive, followed by the enlarged nuclei in the olfactory, tracheal, and bronchial epithelia. 1,4-Dioxane-induced liver lesions occurred at higher exposure concentrations than the nasal lesions did, and were characterized by single-cell necrosis and centrilobular swelling of hepatocytes in males and females. Glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive liver foci were observed in the 1600-ppm-exposed females and 3200-ppm-exposed males and females, which are known as a preneoplastic lesion in rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Plasma levels of 1,4-dioxane increased linearly with an increase in the concentrations of exposure to 400 ppm and above. The enlarged nuclei in the nasal epithelia and the GST-P-positive liver foci were discussed in light of the possible development of nasal and hepatic tumors by long-term inhalation exposure to 1,4-dioxane. A lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was determined at 100 ppm for the nasal endpoint in both male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kasai
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan.
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24
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Kano H, Umeda Y, Saito M, Senoh H, Ohbayashi H, Aiso S, Yamazaki K, Nagano K, Fukushima S. Thirteen-week oral toxicity of 1,4-dioxane in rats and mice. J Toxicol Sci 2008; 33:141-53. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.33.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Yumi Umeda
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Misae Saito
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Hideki Senoh
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Hisao Ohbayashi
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Shigetoshi Aiso
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Kazunori Yamazaki
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Kasuke Nagano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Industrial Safety and Health Association
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25
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Ryan MP, Pembroke JT, Adley CC. Ralstonia pickettiiin environmental biotechnology: potential and applications. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:754-64. [PMID: 17897177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic pollutants such as toluene and trichloroethylene are released into the environment by various industrial processes. Ralstonia pickettii possess significant biotechnological potential in the field of bioremediation and has demonstrated the ability to breakdown many of these toxic substances. Here, we provide a description of the major compounds that various strains of R. pickettii are capable of degrading and a brief review of their breakdown pathways and an argument for its use in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Ryan
- Systems Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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26
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Sweeney LM, Thrall KD, Poet TS, Corley RA, Weber TJ, Locey BJ, Clarkson J, Sager S, Gargas ML. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of 1,4-Dioxane in rats, mice, and humans. Toxicol Sci 2007; 101:32-50. [PMID: 17897969 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Dioxane (CAS No. 123-91-1) is used primarily as a solvent or as a solvent stabilizer. It can cause lung, liver, and kidney damage at sufficiently high exposure levels. Two physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of 1,4-dioxane and its major metabolite, hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), were published in 1990. These models have uncertainties and deficiencies that could be addressed and the model strengthened for use in a contemporary cancer risk assessment for 1,4-dioxane. Studies were performed to fill data gaps and reduce uncertainties pertaining to the pharmacokinetics of 1,4-dioxane and HEAA in rats, mice, and humans. Three types of studies were performed: partition coefficient measurements, blood time course in mice, and in vitro pharmacokinetics using rat, mouse, and human hepatocytes. Updated PBPK models were developed based on these new data and previously available data. The optimized rate of metabolism for the mouse was significantly higher than the value previously estimated. The optimized rat kinetic parameters were similar to those in the 1990 models. Only two human studies were identified. Model predictions were consistent with one study, but did not fit the second as well. In addition, a rat nasal exposure was completed. The results confirmed water directly contacts rat nasal tissues during drinking water under bioassay conditions. Consistent with previous PBPK models, nasal tissues were not specifically included in the model. Use of these models will reduce the uncertainty in future 1,4-dioxane risk assessments.
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27
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Ernstgård L, Iregren A, Sjögren B, Johanson G. Acute effects of exposure to vapours of dioxane in humans. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007; 25:723-9. [PMID: 17286150 DOI: 10.1177/0960327106073805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Information on the acute effects associated with the handling of 1,4-dioxane is sparse. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effects of 1,4-dioxane vapours. In a screening study, six healthy volunteers rated symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS), while exposed to stepwise increasing levels of 1,4-dioxane, from 1 to 20 ppm. The initial study indicated no increased ratings at any of the exposure levels; we decided to use 20 ppm (72 mg/m3) as a tentative no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). In the main study, six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed to 0 (control exposure) and 20 ppm 1,4-dioxane vapour, for 2 hours at rest. The volunteers rated 10 symptoms on VAS before, during, and after the exposure. Blink frequency was monitored during exposure. Pulmonary function, and nasal swelling, was measured before, and at 0 and 3 hours after exposure. Inflammatory markers in plasma (C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6) were measured before and at 3 hours after exposure. In conclusion, exposure to 20 ppm 1,4-dioxane for 2 hours did not significantly affect symptom ratings, blink frequency, pulmonary function, nasal swelling, or inflammatory markers in the plasma of the 12 volunteers in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ernstgård
- Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Park YM, Pyo H, Park SJ, Park SK. Development of the analytical method for 1,4-dioxane in water by liquid–liquid extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Nakamiya K, Hashimoto S, Ito H, Edmonds JS, Morita M. Degradation of 1,4-dioxane and cyclic ethers by an isolated fungus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1254-8. [PMID: 15746326 PMCID: PMC1065185 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.3.1254-1258.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By using 1,4-dioxane as the sole source of carbon, a 1,4-dioxane-degrading microorganism was isolated from soil. The fungus, termed strain A, was able to utilize 1,4-dioxane and many kinds of cyclic ethers as the sole source of carbon and was identified as Cordyceps sinensis from its 18S rRNA gene sequence. Ethylene glycol was identified as a degradation product of 1,4-dioxane by the use of deuterated 1,4-dioxane-d8 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. A degradation pathway involving ethylene glycol, glycolic acid, and oxalic acid was proposed, followed by incorporation of the glycolic acid and/or oxalic acid via glyoxylic acid into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunichika Nakamiya
- Endocrine Disrupters and Dioxins Research Project, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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30
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Nannelli A, De Rubertis A, Longo V, Gervasi PG. Effects of dioxane on cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver, kidney, lung and nasal mucosa of rat. Arch Toxicol 2004; 79:74-82. [PMID: 15490126 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/14/2004] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acute and chronic dioxane administration on hepatic, renal, pulmonary and nasal mucosa P450 enzymes and liver toxicity were investigated in male rats. The acute treatment consisted of two doses (2 g/kg) of dioxane given for 2 days by gavage, whereas the chronic treatment consisted of 1.5% of dioxane in drinking water for 10 days. Both the acute and chronic dioxane treatments induced cytochrome P450 2B1/2- and P450 2E1-dependent microsomal monooxygenase activities (pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase) in the liver, whereas in the kidney and nasal mucosa, only the 2E1 marker activities were enhanced. In addition in the liver, an induction of 2alpha-testosterone hydroxylase (associated with the constitutive and hormone-dependent P450 2C11) was also revealed, whereas the hepatic P450 4A-dependent omega-lauric acid hydroxylase was not enhanced by any dioxane treatment. These inductions were mostly confirmed by western blot analysis of liver, kidney and nasal mucosa microsomes. In the lung, no alteration of P450 activities was observed. To assess the mechanism of 2E1 induction, the hepatic, renal and nasal mucosa 2E1 mRNA levels were also examined. Following two kinds of dioxane administration, in the liver the 2E1 induction was not accompanied by a significant alteration of 2E1 mRNA levels, while both in the kidney and nasal mucosa the 2E1 mRNA increased about 2- to 3-fold, indicating an organ-specific regulation of this P450 isoform. Furthermore, dioxane was unable to alter the plasma alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic glutathione (GSH) content, examined as an index of toxicity, when it was administered into rats with P450 2B1/2 and 2E1 preinduced by phenobarbital or fasting pretreatment. These results support the lack of or a poor formation of reactive and toxic intermediates during the biotrasformation of this solvent, even when its metabolism was enhanced by P450 inducers. The chronic administration of dioxane was also unable to induce the palmitoyl CoA oxidase, a marker of peroxisome proliferation, excluding this as a way to explain its toxicity. Thus, although the mechanism of dioxane carcinogenicity remains unclear, the present results suggest that the induction of 2E1 following a prolonged administration of dioxane might provide oxygen radical species, and thereby contribute to its organ-specific toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nannelli
- Area della Ricerca CNR, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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31
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Stickney JA, Sager SL, Clarkson JR, Smith LA, Locey BJ, Bock MJ, Hartung R, Olp SF. An updated evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of 1,4-dioxane. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 38:183-95. [PMID: 14550759 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-2300(03)00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of the information pertaining to the potential carcinogenicity of 1,4-dioxane. The primary target organs for cancer via the oral route are the liver and the nasal cavity, however, the relevance of nasal cavity tumors to human exposures has been questioned. Liver tumors were accompanied by degenerative changes and appear only to occur at high doses where clearance mechanisms are saturated and liver toxicity is significant. Genetic toxicity data suggests that 1,4-dioxane is a very weak genotoxin. An increase in hepatocyte cell proliferation was reported and 1,4-dioxane was shown to act as a tumor promoter in rat liver and mouse skin carcinogenicity assays. Two reports are available from the literature regarding physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approaches to assess the risk of liver cancer for 1,4-dioxane. A comparison of cancer risk estimates from linear and nonlinear models in the presence or absence of PBPK modeling suggests that USEPAs current cancer slope factor significantly overestimates the potential cancer risk from 1,4-dioxane. This critical review of the scientific literature indicates that a formal reevaluation of the carcinogenic potency of 1,4-dioxane is warranted.
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32
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Pohl HR, Roney N, Fay M, Chou CH, Wilbur S, Holler J. Site-specific consultation for a chemical mixture. Toxicol Ind Health 1999; 15:470-9. [PMID: 10487358 DOI: 10.1177/074823379901500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses the weight of evidence methodology to evaluate interactions of chemical mixtures. In the process, toxicity, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics of chemical components of the mixture are carefully examined. Based on the evaluation, predictions are made that can be used in real-life situations at hazardous waste sites. In this paper, health outcomes were evaluated for a mixture of eight compounds that were found at a specific site. These eight chemicals were identified and possibly associated with human exposure. The health assessors could consider similar thought processes when evaluating chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Pohl
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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