1
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Giram P, Nimma R, Bulbule A, Yadav AS, Gorain M, Venkata Radharani NN, Kundu GC, Garnaik B. Poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) Surface-Anchored Biotin-Loaded Irinotecan Nanoparticles for Active Targeting of Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3807-3826. [PMID: 38284072 PMCID: PMC10809773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymer was synthesized using the ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide and glycolide monomers in the presence of zinc proline complex in bulk through the green route and was well characterized using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, etc. Furthermore, PLGA-conjugated biotin (PLGA-B) was synthesized using the synthesized PLGA and was employed to fabricate nanoparticles for irinotecan (Ir) delivery. These nanoparticles (PLGA-NP-Ir and PLGA-B-NP-Ir) were tested for physicochemical and biological characteristics. PLGA-B-NP-Ir exhibited a stronger cellular uptake and anticancer activity as compared to PLGA-NP-Ir in CT-26 cancer cells (log p < 0.05). The accumulation and retention of fluorescence-labeled nanoparticles were observed to be better in CT-26-inoculated solid tumors in Balb/c mice. The PLGA-B-NP-Ir-treated group inhibited tumor growth significantly more (log p < 0.001) than the untreated control, PLGA-NP-Ir, and Ir-treated groups. Furthermore, no body weight loss, hematological, and blood biochemical tests demonstrated the nanocarriers' nontoxic nature. This work presents the use of safe PLGA and the demonstration of a proof-of-concept of biotin surface attached PLGA nanoparticle-mediated active targeted Ir administration to combat colon cancer. To treat colon cancer, PLGA-B-NP-Ir performed better due to specific active tumor targeting and greater cellular uptake due to biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanjan
S. Giram
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla
Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Ramakrishna Nimma
- Laboratory
of Tumor, Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Anuradha Bulbule
- Laboratory
of Tumor, Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Laboratory
of Tumor, Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | - Mahadeo Gorain
- Laboratory
of Tumor, Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Gopal C. Kundu
- School
of Biotechnology and Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), KIIT Deemed to be University, Institute of Eminence, Bhubaneswar 751 024, India
| | - Baijayantimala Garnaik
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research AcSIR Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC Campus Sector 19, Kamla
Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar
Pradesh 201 002, India
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2
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Dai J, Xiong W, Li DY, Cai Z, Zhu JB. Bifunctional thiourea-based organocatalyst promoted kinetic resolution polymerization of racemic lactide to isotactic polylactide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12731-12734. [PMID: 37800444 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we prepared a series of thiourea-based organocatalysts 1-7 by combining two stereogenic elements: binaphthyl-amine and cyclohexyl diamine moieties. Catalyst (R,S)-1 facilitated a stereoselective polymerization of rac-LA to afford iso-enriched PDLA with Pm of 0.96 while its enantiomer (S,R)-1 produced PLLA with Pm of 0.96. These iso-enriched PLA contributed to forming a stereocomplexed PLA with a significantly increased Tm of 196 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Marquez-Bravo S, Doench I, Molina P, Bentley FE, Tamo AK, Passieux R, Lossada F, David L, Osorio-Madrazo A. Functional Bionanocomposite Fibers of Chitosan Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers Obtained by Gel Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101563. [PMID: 34068136 PMCID: PMC8152965 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely high mechanical performance spun bionanocomposite fibers of chitosan (CHI), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were successfully achieved by gel spinning of CHI aqueous viscous formulations filled with CNFs. The microstructural characterization of the fibers by X-ray diffraction revealed the crystallization of the CHI polymer chains into anhydrous chitosan allomorph. The spinning process combining acidic-basic-neutralization-stretching-drying steps allowed obtaining CHI/CNF composite fibers of high crystallinity, with enhanced effect at incorporating the CNFs. Chitosan crystallization seems to be promoted by the presence of cellulose nanofibers, serving as nucleation sites for the growing of CHI crystals. Moreover, the preferential orientation of both CNFs and CHI crystals along the spun fiber direction was revealed in the two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns. By increasing the CNF amount up to the optimum concentration of 0.4 wt % in the viscous CHI/CNF collodion, Young's modulus of the spun fibers significantly increased up to 8 GPa. Similarly, the stress at break and the yield stress drastically increased from 115 to 163 MPa, and from 67 to 119 MPa, respectively, by adding only 0.4 wt % of CNFs into a collodion solution containing 4 wt % of chitosan. The toughness of the CHI-based fibers thereby increased from 5 to 9 MJ.m-3. For higher CNFs contents like 0.5 wt %, the high mechanical performance of the CHI/CNF composite fibers was still observed, but with a slight worsening of the mechanical parameters, which may be related to a minor disruption of the CHI matrix hydrogel network constituting the collodion and gel fiber, as precursor state for the dry fiber formation. Finally, the rheological behavior observed for the different CHI/CNF viscous collodions and the obtained structural, thermal and mechanical properties results revealed an optimum matrix/filler compatibility and interface when adding 0.4 wt % of nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) into 4 wt % CHI formulations, yielding functional bionanocomposite fibers of outstanding mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marquez-Bravo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Doench
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pamela Molina
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Flor Estefany Bentley
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnaud Kamdem Tamo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renaud Passieux
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP, CNRS UMR 5223, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (R.P.); (L.D.)
| | | | - Laurent David
- Laboratoire Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP, CNRS UMR 5223, University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (R.P.); (L.D.)
| | - Anayancy Osorio-Madrazo
- Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.M.-B.); (I.D.); (P.M.); (F.E.B.); (A.K.T.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-203-67363
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4
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Comparative study of enzyme-catalyzed biodegradation and crystallization behavior of PCL-PTEGMA amphiphilic hypergraft copolymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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6
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A review on fabrication of nanofibers via electrospinning and their applications. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Zhang W, Yin B, Xin Y, Li L, Ye G, Wang J, Shen J, Cui X, Yang Q. Preparation, Mechanical Properties, and Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide-Reinforced Chitin Monofilament Absorbable Surgical Sutures. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E210. [PMID: 30987286 PMCID: PMC6520968 DOI: 10.3390/md17040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin (CT) is a good material to prepare surgical sutures due to its conspicuous biological characteristics. However, the poor mechanical strength of pure CT sutures limits its application. In order to improve its strength, a composite monofilament absorbable suture was prepared in this study using graphene oxide and chitin (GO-CT) using a green method. FT-IR spectra showed that GO-CT contained the characteristic functional groups of GO and CT, indicating that a GO-CT suture was successfully obtained. With the addition of a small amount of GO (1.6wt% solution) in chitin, the breaking tensile strength, knot strength, and knot-pull strength of the GO-CT suture were significantly improved compared to the CT suture. The biocompatibility of the GO-CT suture in vitro was checked by tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays and no cytotoxicity to L929 cells was found. In vivo, the subcutaneous implantation of GO-CT sutures in the dorsal skin of rats found no abnormalities by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Furthermore, there were no significant changes in the gene expression of the inflammatory mediators, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-17A, interferon-γ, or IL-10; however, the expression of transforming growth factor β was significantly increased in the first week. In summary, GO-CT sutures may have potential as a suture material in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Bin Yin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Yu Xin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.
| | - Guanlin Ye
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Junxian Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Jianfei Shen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Xiao Cui
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China.
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8
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9
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The Effect of Fluid Shear Stress on the In Vitro Release Kinetics of Sirolimus from PLGA Films. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110618. [PMID: 30965925 PMCID: PMC6418679 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-carrying coatings of stents implanted in blood vessels are exposed to various blood flows. This study investigated the effect of fluid shear stress on the in vitro release kinetics of sirolimus from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films. The homemade parallel plate flow chamber was used to exert quantitative shear stress on the sirolimus-carrying film. By adjusting the flow rate of the release media in the chamber, three levels of shear stress (3.6, 12.0, and 36.0 dyn/cm²) were respectively applied. For each level of shear stress employed, the release kinetics of sirolimus from the PLGA films exhibited a four-phase profile: an initial burst release phase (Phase I), a lag phase (Phase II), a second burst release phase (Phase III), and a terminal release phase (Phase IV). During Phases I and II, sirolimus was released slowly and in small amounts (<10%); however, during Phases III and IV, the drug release increased considerably. Comparisons of different shear stresses indicated that greater shear stress resulted in earlier and faster sirolimus release, with more cumulative drug release observed. PLGA film degradations (molecular weight reduction, mass loss, and surface topographical variations) were also investigated to better explain the observed drug release behavior. Consequently, fluid shear stress was found to significantly accelerate the release of sirolimus from the PLGA matrices. Therefore, this study could provide a practical method for evaluating the in vitro drug release from polymer matrices under uniform shear stress, and might help improve the design of biodegradable coatings on drug-eluting stents.
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10
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Li Y, Chu Z, Li X, Ding X, Guo M, Zhao H, Yao J, Wang L, Cai Q, Fan Y. The effect of mechanical loads on the degradation of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:179-190. [PMID: 28596915 PMCID: PMC5458542 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic biodegradable polyesters have been the most widely used synthetic polymers for developing biodegradable devices as alternatives for the currently used permanent medical devices. The performances during biodegradation process play crucial roles for final realization of their functions. Because physiological and biochemical environment in vivo significantly affects biodegradation process, large numbers of studies on effects of mechanical loads on the degradation of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters have been launched during last decades. In this review article, we discussed the mechanism of biodegradation and several different mechanical loads that have been reported to affect the biodegradation process. Other physiological and biochemical factors related to mechanical loads were also discussed. The mechanical load could change the conformational strain energy and morphology to weaken the stability of the polymer. Besides, the load and pattern could accelerate the loss of intrinsic mechanical properties of polymers. This indicated that investigations into effects of mechanical loads on the degradation should be indispensable. More combination condition of mechanical loads and multiple factors should be considered in order to keep the degradation rate controllable and evaluate the degradation process in vivo accurately. Only then can the degradable devise achieve the desired effects and further expand the special applications of aliphatic biodegradable polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Chu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Ding
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineer, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, People's Republic of China
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11
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Youssef A, Hollister SJ, Dalton PD. Additive manufacturing of polymer melts for implantable medical devices and scaffolds. Biofabrication 2017; 9:012002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Xu F, Zhang K, Lv P, Lu R, Zheng L, Zhao J. NECL1 coated PLGA as favorable conduits for repair of injured peripheral nerve. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:1132-1140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Chu Z, Li X, Li Y, Zheng Q, Feng C, Guo M, Ding X, Feng W, Gao Y, Yao J, Chen X, Wang L, Fan Y. Effects of different fluid shear stress patterns on the in vitro degradation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:23-30. [PMID: 27507409 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The applications of poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLGA) for coating or fabricating polymeric biodegradable stents (BDSs) have drawn more attention. The fluid shear stress has been proved to affect the in vitro degradation process of PLGA membranes. During the maintenance, BDSs could be suffered different patterns of fluid shear stress, but the effect of these different patterns on the whole degradation process is unclear. In this study, in vitro degradation of PLGA membranes was examined with steady, sinusoid, and squarewave fluid shear stress patterns in 150 mL deionized water at 37°C for 20 days, emphasizing on the changes in the viscosity of the degradation solution, mechanical, and morphological properties of the samples. The unsteady fluid shear stress with the same average magnitude as the steady one accelerate the in vitro degradation process of PLGA membranes in terms of maximum fluid shear stress and "window" of effectiveness. Maximum fluid shear stress accelerates the in vitro degradation of molecular fragments that diffused out in the solution while the "window" of effectiveness affects too in the early stage. Besides, maximum fluid shear stress and "window" of effectiveness accelerates the in vitro loss of tensile modulus and ultimate strength of the PLGA membranes while the maximum fluid shear stress plays the leading role in the decrease of tensile modulus at the early degradation stage. This study could help advance the degradation design of PLGA membranes under different fluid shear stress patterns for biomedical applications like stents and drug release systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 23-30, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Feng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Ding
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
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14
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Küng F, Schubert DW, Stafiej P, Kruse FE, Fuchsluger TA. A novel suture retention test for scaffold strength characterization in ophthalmology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:941-6. [PMID: 27612789 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sutures are a common way to attach scaffolds in patients. For tubular cardiac scaffolds, the 'suture retention strength' is commonly used to evaluate the resistance of a scaffold against the pull-out of a suture. In order to make this quantity accessible for ophthalmological scaffolds the test procedure has been modified in a novel way. Polycaprolactone (PCL) films of different thicknesses and an amniotic membrane (AM) were used for the experiments. Circular samples with a radius of 7mm were taken and a suture was passed through each sample and tied to a loop. The sample was clamped in a tensile tester and a bolt was passed through the loop. The suture was then pulled with a constant deformation rate until pull-out occurred. The suture retention strength, the deformation at the suture retention strength, and the deformation at rupture were determined for each sample. The presented modified suture retention test allows to measure the relevant parameters of samples on the scale of ophthalmological scaffolds in a reproducible way. A comparison between the first data on PCL and AM has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Küng
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Piotr Stafiej
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Fuchsluger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Chu Z, Zheng Q, Guo M, Yao J, Xu P, Feng W, Hou Y, Zhou G, Wang L, Li X, Fan Y. The effect of fluid shear stress on thein vitrodegradation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) acid membranes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2315-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Feng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhao Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Implantable and Interventional Medical Devices, Key Laboratory for Optimal Design and Evaluation Technology of Implantable & Interventional Medical Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Beihang University; Beijing People's Republic of China
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids; Beijing People's Republic of China
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16
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Akbari M, Tamayol A, Bagherifard S, Serex L, Mostafalu P, Faramarzi N, Mohammadi MH, Khademhosseini A. Textile Technologies and Tissue Engineering: A Path Toward Organ Weaving. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:751-66. [PMID: 26924450 PMCID: PMC4910159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Textile technologies have recently attracted great attention as potential biofabrication tools for engineering tissue constructs. Using current textile technologies, fibrous structures can be designed and engineered to attain the required properties that are demanded by different tissue engineering applications. Several key parameters such as physiochemical characteristics of fibers, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties of the fabrics play important roles in the effective use of textile technologies in tissue engineering. This review summarizes the current advances in the manufacturing of biofunctional fibers. Different textile methods such as knitting, weaving, and braiding are discussed and their current applications in tissue engineering are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pooria Mostafalu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Scott Taylor M, Shalaby SW. Sutures. Biomater Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-087780-8.00087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Silva DRM, Joazeiro PP, Duek EAR, Alberto-Rincon MC. Subdermal implants of poly(L-lactic acid) with plasticizer: an ultrastructural study in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 17:177-85. [PMID: 16411607 DOI: 10.1163/156856206774879018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing 7% triethylcitrate plasticizer were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats, and the cellular reaction was evaluated over a period of 2-180 days. The samples were processed for conventional transmission electron microscopy. Polymorphonuclear-type cells and a fibrin network were seen within membrane pores 2 days after implantation. In subsequent samples, there was cellular infiltration, which consisted mainly of fibroblasts, macrophages and multinuclear giant cells embedded in an abundant extracellular matrix containing a network of collagen fibers and blood vessels. At 90 and 180 days after implantation, a high density of voluminous phagocytic cells with a large number of endocytic polymer fragments within their cytoplasm was seen. These results show that PLLA membranes can support connective tissue proliferation and remodeling, which are important properties for successful bio-protheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R M Silva
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
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19
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Naveena N, Venugopal J, Rajeswari R, Sundarrajan S, Sridhar R, Shayanti M, Narayanan S, Ramakrishna S. Biomimetic composites and stem cells interaction for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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21
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Pillai CKS, Sharma CP. Review Paper: Absorbable Polymeric Surgical Sutures: Chemistry, Production, Properties, Biodegradability, and Performance. J Biomater Appl 2010; 25:291-366. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328210384890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Among biomaterials used as implants in human body, sutures constitute the largest groups of materials having a huge market exceeding $1.3 billion annually. Sutures are the most widely used materials in wound closure and have been in use for many centuries. With the development of the synthetic absorbable polymer, poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) in the early 1970s, a new chapter has opened on absorbable polymeric sutures that got unprecedented commercial successes. Although several comparative evaluations of suture materials have been published, there were no serious attempts of late on a comprehensive review of production, properties, biodegradability, and performance of suture materials. This review proposes to bring to focus scattered data on chemistry, properties, biodegradability, and performance of absorbable polymeric sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennakkattu Krishna Sadasivan Pillai
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Chandra P. Sharma
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India,
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22
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Binda PI, Delbridge EE, Abrahamson HB, Skelton BW. Coordination of substitutionally inert phenolate ligands to lanthanide(ii) and (iii) compounds—catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2009:2777-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b821770j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Shim IK, Lee SY, Park YJ, Lee MC, Lee SH, Lee JY, Lee SJ. Homogeneous chitosan-PLGA composite fibrous scaffolds for tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:247-55. [PMID: 17607738 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel chitosan-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) composite fibers and nonwoven fibrous scaffolding matrices were designed for cartilage regeneration. A homogenous one-phase mixture of chitosan and PLGA at a ratio of 50:50 (w/w %) was successfully produced using cosolvents of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol and methylene chloride. A wet spinning technique was employed to fabricate composite fibrous matrices. Physical characterizations of one-phase chitosan-PLGA composite (C/Pc) matrices were performed for their homogeneity, in vitro degradability, mechanical property and wettability in comparison to two-phase chitosan and PLGA composite fibrous matrices in which PLGA was dispersed in a continuous chitosan phase. The one-phase property of C/Pc matrices was confirmed from thermal analysis. Significantly retarded degradation was observed from the composite C/Pc fibrous matrices in contrast to the PLGA-dispersed chitosan (C/Pd) fibrous matrices due to the effective acid-neutralizing effect of chitosan on acid metabolites of PLGA. The composition of chitosan with PLGA resulted in a characteristic soft and strong mechanical property that could not be retained by either PLGA or the chitosan fibers. In addition, the presence of chitosan in the composite matrices provided proper wettability for cell cultivation. The C/Pc matrices were further investigated for their scaffolding function using chondrocytes for cartilage regeneration. Enhanced cell attachment was observed on the composite matrix compared with the PLGA fibrous matrices. The mRNA expression of type II collagen and aggrecan was upregulated in the composite matrix owing to the superior cell compatibility of chitosan. These results suggest an excellent potential for C/Pc one-phase composite fibrous matrices as scaffolding materials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kyung Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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24
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Kim CH, Bae JH, Son S, Kim JH, Lee JG, Yoon JH. Use of PLGA scaffold for mucociliary epithelium transfer in airway reconstruction: a preliminary study. Acta Otolaryngol 2006; 126:594-9. [PMID: 16720443 DOI: 10.1080/00016480500443375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION A PLGA biodegradable membrane can be used as a scaffold for mucociliary epithelium transfer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of the PLGA membrane as a biodegradable scaffold for mucociliary epithelium transfer in order for it to be used as a substitute for a skin graft for restoring mucosal defects in the airway. METHODS A PLGA biodegradable membrane was synthesized using the immersion precipitation method, and morphologic characterization was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degradation test was performed by soaking the PLGA membrane in a culture medium, and the morphological changes were observed by SEM. Human nasal basal epithelial (HNBE) cells were cultured on the newly synthesized PLGA membrane, and the morphological changes were analyzed using SEM. The MUC5AC and MUC8 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. RESULTS The PLGA membrane for the mucociliary epithelium transfer was successfully fabricated. It had a 24 mm diameter, a 50 microm thickness, and many pores with diameters of approximately 3 microm. The PLGA membrane began to degrade from 7 days after it was soaked in the culture medium. It rapidly degraded from 3 weeks and severe destruction of the pore structure was noted from 4 to 6 weeks of soaking. The HNBE cells were well differentiated into the mucociliary epithelium on the PLGA membrane both phenotypically and genotypically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Venugopal J, Zhang YZ, Ramakrishna S. Electrospun nanofibres: Biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1243/174034905x39140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and semi-synthetic polymeric materials were originally developed for their durability and resistance to all forms of degradation, including biodegradation. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize many sectors, including pharmaceuticals, information technology, medical devices, materials science, chemicals, and energy. Nanofibres provide a connection between the nanoscale world and the macroscale world, since their diameters are in the range of 1 to 100 nanometres and several metres in length. Therefore, the current emphasis of research is to exploit such properties and focus on determining appropriate conditions for electrospinning various polymers and biopolymers for eventual applications including: multifunctional membranes; biomedical structural elements (scaffolds used in tissue engineering, wound dressing, drug delivery, artificial organs, vascular grafts); protective shields in specialty fabrics; and filter media for submicron particles in the separation industry. This paper reviews the research on recent biomedical applications of electrospun nanofibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Venugopal
- National University of Singapore Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Singapore
| | - Y. Z. Zhang
- National University of Singapore Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Singapore
| | - S Ramakrishna
- National University of Singapore Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Singapore
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26
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Dechy-Cabaret O, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D. Controlled ring-opening polymerization of lactide and glycolide. Chem Rev 2005; 104:6147-76. [PMID: 15584698 DOI: 10.1021/cr040002s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1775] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Dechy-Cabaret
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée du CNRS (UMR 5069), Université Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
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27
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Sun L, Xu M, Wu L. The miscibility of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) with amphiphilic molecules and the interaction of their mixtures with DNA at air/water interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2005; 43:29-35. [PMID: 15896947 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The miscibility of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) with three amphiphilic molecules and the interaction of the PLG/surfactant mixtures with DNA at air/water interface are investigated by pi-A isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The pi-A isotherms of the PLG mixtures with cationic C(12)AzoC(6)PyBr, and C(12)AzoC(6)N(CH(3))(3)Br, are quite different from the pi-A isotherm of pure PLG on water subphase. In contrast to the case, the pi-A isotherm of PLG mixed with nonionic C(12)AzoC(6)OPy is almost identical to the pure PLG except some increasing of molecular area. Similar phenomena are observed on DNA subphase. The in situ BAM and ex situ AFM observations demonstrate that the dispersion of PLG at air/water interface becomes good when it mixes with the two cationic surfactants, whereas quite poor due to the phase separation when it mixes with the nonionic amphiphilic molecule. Based on these results we conclude that the cationic surfactants can affect the conformation change of PLG at air/water interface and figure a well miscibility with polymer whereas the nonionic amphiphilic molecule presents poor miscibility. In addition, the even mixing of the PLG and the cationic surfactants is favorable for the adsorption to DNA more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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28
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Lyu S, Sparer R, Untereker D. Analytical solutions to mathematical models of the surface and bulk erosion of solid polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Gómez C, Blanco MD, Bernardo MV, Olmo R, Muñiz E, Teijón JM. Cytarabine release from comatrices of albumin microspheres in a poly(lactide–co-glycolide) film: in vitro and in vivo studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 57:225-33. [PMID: 15018979 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(03)00154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Revised: 07/28/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytarabine (ara-C) was included in albumin microspheres and these microspheres were immersed in a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) film to constitute a comatrix system to develop a prolonged form of release. Cytarabine-loaded albumin microspheres were synthesized by emulsion, and 25 or 50 mg of drug were included in the disperse phase. Thus, microspheres with 46+/-4 microg drug/mg microspheres and 50+/-5 microg drug/mg microspheres were obtained, which means a percentage of incorporation efficiency of 42+/-4% and 25+/-2%, respectively. These cytarabine-loaded microspheres were used to prepare PLGA-comatrices. Kinetic release studies indicated that total cytarabine release only takes place in the presence of protease, probably due to the fact that glutaraldehyde establishes covalent links with the amine side group of the drug and cross-links it with the protein matrix. A slower kinetic release of the drug was obtained from PLGA-comatrices, although only 80% of the included cytarabine was released on day 7. The comatrices were subcutaneously implanted in the back of rats and in both cases the ara-C administered dose was 36 mg of ara-C per kg of body weight. The drug was detected in plasma 10 days. The mean residence time (MRT) of the drug administered by these comatrices was 87-91 times larger when compared to the value obtained when the drug was administered in solution by intraperitoneal injection. The histological studies show that a degradative process of the comatrices takes place. The comatrices do not damage surrounding tissue; a normal regeneration of the implanted zone was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Wang YC, Lin MC, Wang DM, Hsieh HJ. Fabrication of a novel porous PGA-chitosan hybrid matrix for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2003; 24:1047-57. [PMID: 12504527 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polyglycolide (PGA) and chitosan mixture solution was prepared using solvents of low toxicity to create novel, porous, biocompatible, degradable, and modifiable hybrid matrices for biomedical applications. The porosity of these PGA-chitosan hybrid matrices (P/C matrices) was created by a thermally induced phase separation method. Two types of the P/C hybrid matrices containing 70 wt% PGA (P/C-1 matrix) and 30 wt% PGA (P/C-2 matrix) were fabricated. Chitosan matrix was also prepared for comparison. A 35-day in vitro degradation revealed that the weight losses for the P/C-1 and P/C-2 matrices were similar ( approximately 61%), but the releases of glycolic acid from the P/C-1 and P/C-2 matrices were 95% and 60%, respectively. The P/C-1 matrix had higher porosity and higher mechanical strength than the P/C-2 and chitosan matrices. Fibroblast cells cultivated in these matrices proliferated well and the cell density was the highest in the P/C-1 matrix, followed by the chitosan and P/C-2 matrices, suggesting good biocompatibility for the P/C-1 matrix. We thereby concluded that the P/C-1 matrix, due to its high strength, porosity, biocompatibility and degradability, is a promising biomaterial. The presence of chitosan in the P/C matrices provides many amino groups for further modifications such as biomolecule conjugation and thus enhances the application potential of the P/C hybrid matrices in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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31
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Karp JM, Shoichet MS, Davies JE. Bone formation on two-dimensional poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) films and three-dimensional PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 2003; 64:388-96. [PMID: 12522827 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For some bone tissue engineering strategies, direct contact of newly synthesized bone with a scaffold is important for structural continuity and stability at the scaffold/bone interface. Thus, as the polymer degrades, the support function of the scaffold could be adopted by the developing bone structure. This study was designed to determine whether poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) with a comonomer ratio of 75:25 supports bone apposition in vitro. Osteogenic cells derived from rat bone marrow cells were cultured for 2 weeks on polymeric two-dimensional films and three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds. Bacteriological grade polystyrene and tissue culture polystyrene dishes served as negative and positive controls for interfacial bone deposition, respectively. The surfaces of the prepared substrates were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. After cell culture, the elaborated matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) supports appositional bone growth on both two-dimensional films and three-dimensional scaffolds, including the formation of a mineralized cement line matrix. Furthermore, surface topographical features are not required for the adherence of the cement line matrix to the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Karp
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3G9
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Im SY, Cho SH, Hwang JH, Lee SJ. Growth factor releasing porous poly (epsilon-caprolactone)-chitosan matrices for enhanced bone regenerative therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2003; 26:76-82. [PMID: 12568363 DOI: 10.1007/bf03179936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug releasing porous poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL)-chitosan matrices were fabricated for bone regenerative therapy. Porous matrices made of biodegradable polymers have been playing a crucial role as bone substitutes and as tissue-engineered scaffolds in bone regenerative therapy. The matrices provided mechanical support for the developing tissue and enhanced tissue formation by releasing active agent in controlled manner. Chitosan was employed to enhance hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the PCL matrices. PDGF-BB was incorporated into PCL-chitosan matrices to induce enhanced bone regeneration efficacy. PCL-chitosan matrices retained a porous structure with a 100-200 microm pore diameter that was suitable for cellular migration and osteoid ingrowth. NaHCO3 as a porogen was incorporated 5% ratio to polymer weight to form highly porous scaffolds. PDGF-BB was released from PCL-chitosan matrices maintaining therapeutic concentration for 4 week. High osteoblasts attachment level and proliferation was observed from PCL-chitosan matrices. Scanning electron microscopic examination indicated that cultured osteoblasts showed round form and spread pseudopods after 1 day and showed broad cytoplasmic extension after 14 days. PCL-chitosan matrices promoted bone regeneration and PDGF-BB loaded matrices obtained enhanced bone formation in rat calvarial defect. These results suggested that the PDGF-BB releasing PCL-chitosan porous matrices may be potentially used as tissue engineering scaffolds or bone substitutes with high bone regenerative efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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von Burkersroda F, Schedl L, Göpferich A. Why degradable polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion. Biomaterials 2002; 23:4221-31. [PMID: 12194525 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical model was developed that allows to predict the erosion mechanism of water insoluble biodegradable polymer matrices. The model shows that all degradable polymers can undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion. Which way a polymer matrix erodes after all depends on the diffusivity of water inside the matrix, the degradation rate of the polymer's functional groups and the matrix dimensions. From these parameters the model allows to calculate for an individual polymer matrix a dimensionless 'erosion number' epsilon. The value of epsilon indicates the mode of erosion. Based on epsilon, a critical device dimension Lcritical can be calculated. If a matrix is larger than Lcritical it will undergo surface erosion, if not it will be bulk eroding. Lcritical values for polymers were estimated based on literature data. Polyanhydrides were found to be surface eroding down to a size of approximately Lcritical = 10(-4) m while poly(alpha-hydroxy esters) matrices need to be larger than Lcritical = 10(-1) m to lose their bulk erosion properties. To support our theoretical findings it was shown experimentally that poly(alpha-hydroxy ester) matrices, which are considered classical bulk eroding materials, can also undergo surface erosion.
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Abstract
Biomaterials made of polymers, metals or their alloys, ceramics and their composites, are used as implants to restore or to replace the damaged soft and hard tissue/organ functions for an intended time period. Biomaterials made of synthetic materials are very simple materials compared to their natural counterparts, they only replace very simple functions of the damaged tissue during healing. Natural tissues have been used for both soft and hard repair and replacement, but they do have serious limitations such as: shortage of donor tissue, donor site morbidity, unpredictable resorption characteristics, immunogenic response, risk of disease transmission, and ethical limitations. Tissue engineering is a relatively new approach, in which healthy mammalian cells are used with supporting matrices, usually made of either natural or synthetic polymers as composite bioartificial implants. Primary cells, especially embryonic stem cells, cell lines, hybridomas, genetically modified cells are considered as potential sources for this application. Both closed and open matrices are used as support matrices. Nondegradable and biocompatible microcapsules and hollow fibers are utilized in closed systems, especially for immunoprotection of the transplanted cells. Biodegradable polymers, both natural and synthetic are used in the preparation of bioartificial implants carrying only autogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pişkin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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Rizzi SC, Heath DJ, Coombes AG, Bock N, Textor M, Downes S. Biodegradable polymer/hydroxyapatite composites: surface analysis and initial attachment of human osteoblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 2001; 55:475-86. [PMID: 11288075 DOI: 10.1002/1097-4636(20010615)55:4<475::aid-jbm1039>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites have potential application as bone graft substitutes. Thin films of polymer/HA composites were produced, and the initial attachment of primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) was assessed to investigate the biocompatibility of the materials. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) were used as matrix materials for two types of HA particles, 50-microm sintered and submicron nonsintered. Using ESEM, cell morphology on the surfaces of samples was investigated after 90 min, 4 h, and 24 h of cell culture. Cell activity and viability were assessed after 24 h of cell culture using Alamar blue and DNA assays. Surface morphology of the polymer/HA composites and HA exposure were investigated using ESEM and EDXA, respectively. ESEM enabled investigation of both cell and material surface morphology in the hydrated condition. Combined with EDXA it permitted chemical and visual examination of the composite. Differences in HA exposure were observed on the different composite surfaces that affected the morphology of attached cells. In the first 4 h of cell culture, the cells were spread to a higher degree on exposed HA regions of the composites and on PLA than they were on PCL. After 24 h the cells were spread equally on all the samples. The cell activity after 24 h was significantly higher on the polymer/HA composites than on the polymer films. There was no significant difference in the activity of the cells on the various composite materials. However, cells on PCL showed higher activity compared to those on PLA. A polymer surface exhibiting "point exposure" of HA appeared to provide a novel and favorable substrate for primary cell attachment. The cell morphology and activity results indicate a favorable cell/material interaction and suggest that PLA and PCL and their composites with HA may be candidate materials for the reconstruction of bony tissue. Further investigations regarding long-term biomaterial/cell interactions and the effects of acidic degradation products from the biodegradable polymers are required to confirm their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Rizzi
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Moussonstr. 18, CH-8044 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Cyras V, Fernández NG, Vázquez A. Biodegradable films from PHB-8HV copolymers and polyalcohols blends: crystallinity, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile properties. POLYM INT 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0126(199908)48:8<705::aid-pi205>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gonzalez MF, Ruseckaite RA, Cuadrado TR. Structural changes of polylactic-acid (PLA) microspheres under hydrolytic degradation. J Appl Polym Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990222)71:8<1223::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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GRUVEGÅRD M, LINDBERG T, ALBERTSSON* AC. Random Copolymers of 1,5-Dioxepan-2-one. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329808002019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hakkarainen M, Albertsson AC, Karlsson S. Weight losses and molecular weight changes correlated with the evolution of hydroxyacids in simulated in vivo degradation of homo- and copolymers of PLA and PGA. Polym Degrad Stab 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(96)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Borovetz HS, Burke JF, Chang TMS, Colas A, Cranin AN, Curtis J, Gemmell CH, Griffith BP, Hallab NJ, Heller J, Hoffman AS, Jacobs JJ, Ideker R, Katz JL, Kennedy J, Lemons JE, Malchesky PS, Morgan JR, Padera RE, Patel AS, Reffojo MF, Roby MS, Rohr TE, Schoen FJ, Sefton MV, Sheridan RT, Smith DC, Spelman FA, Tarcha PJ, Tomapkins RG, Venugopalan R, Wagner WR, Yager P, Yarmush ML. Application of Materials in Medicine, Biology, and Artificial Organs. Biomater Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012582460-6/50010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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von Recum HA, Cleek RL, Eskin SG, Mikos AG. Degradation of polydispersed poly(L-lactic acid) to modulate lactic acid release. Biomaterials 1995; 16:441-7. [PMID: 7654870 DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)98816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polydispersed poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes comprised of blends of monodispersed PLLA of weight average molecular weight of 82,500 and 7600 were fabricated to investigate the effect of polydispersity on degradation characteristics. The PLLA blends exhibited large spherulites of high molecular weight chains embedded in a low molecular weight matrix. During degradation in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C for 28 d, the release rate of lactic acid increased as the percentage of the low molecular weight component in the blend was increased. For low molecular weight compositions larger than 50%, voids were created in the degrading blends due to the degradation of low molecular weight chains and the concurrent dissolution of lactic acid, and also the release of undegraded particles of high molecular weight. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of modulating lactic acid release during in vivo degradation of PLLA implants by adjusting the polymer polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A von Recum
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
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Albertsson AC, Gruvegård M. Degradable high-molecular-weight random copolymers, based on ε-caprolactone and 1,5-dioxepan-2-one, with non-crystallizable units inserted in the crystalline structure. POLYMER 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(95)93601-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Thomson RC, Wake MC, Yaszemski MJ, Mikos AG. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds to regenerate organs. BIOPOLYMERS II 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/3540587888_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ishaug SL, Yaszemski MJ, Bizios R, Mikos AG. Osteoblast function on synthetic biodegradable polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1994; 28:1445-53. [PMID: 7876284 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820281210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rat osteoblasts were cultured on films of biodegradable poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), 75:25 poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), 50:50 PLGA, and poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) for up to 14 days. Osteoblasts attached equally well to all the polymer substrates after 8 h in culture. By day 4 in culture, osteoblasts had exceeded confluency numbers, and their proliferation leveled off by day 7. An increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity from 1.92 (+/- 0.47) x 10(-7) for day 7 to 5.75 (+/- 0.12) x 10(-7) mumol/cell per min for day 14 was reported for osteoblasts cultured on 75:25 PLGA, which was comparable to that observed for tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) controls. The ALP activities expressed by osteoblasts cultured on PLLA, 50:50 PLGA, and PGA films did not significantly increase over time. Collagen synthesis for osteoblasts cultured on all polymer substrates was similar to that of TCPS and did not vary with time. The morphology of cultured osteoblasts was not affected by the continuous degradation of the polymer substrates. These results demonstrate that poly(alpha-hydroxy esters) can provide a suitable substrate for osteoblast culture and hold promise in bone regeneration by osteoblast transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Ishaug
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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