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Kamgar E, Kaykhaii M, Zembrzuska J. A Comprehensive Review on Shilajit: What We Know about Its Chemical Composition. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38133965 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2293963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Shilajit, a natural material known for thousands of years, is primarily famous because it was the main constituent used for the mummification of bodies by dynastic Egyptians. However, for millennia, it has also been an important drug and supplement in traditional and modern medicine. A full search of Shilajit in the literature, reveals that its chemical composition is not known with certainty. That's due to the fact that surprisingly, no comprehensive chemical analysis has ever been performed to find all the chemicals and species present in it. Moreover, its source is not known; some believe that it is formed from dead plant residues or animal excrements, and some others believe it is a mineral secreted from rocks gradually. In this review article, it is tried to gather chemical property information available regarding this soft, mysterious black material to clarify what it is composed of and what formulation commercial supplements and drugs based on Shilajit may have. While there are many differences in the chemical compositions of Shilajit from various regions, it has been discovered that more than 80% of weight of Shilajit is mainly composed of humic substances and almost 20% of its weight consists of calcium, potassium, and magnesium. It also contains amino acids (mainly glycine) and proteins, fatty acids, bioactive compounds such as caffeic acid and gallic acid, and heavy metals including chromium, selenium, and cobalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamgar
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Jin D, Lu Y, Wu W, Jiang F, Li Z, Xu L, Zhang R, Li X, Chen D. Diet-Wide Association, Genetic Susceptibility and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4801. [PMID: 38004195 PMCID: PMC10674290 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both genetic and dietary factors play significant roles in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). To evaluate the relationship between certain food exposures and the risk of CRC, we carried out a large-scale association analysis in the UK Biobank. METHODS The associations of 139 foods and nutrients' intake with CRC risk were assessed among 118,210 participants. A polygenic risk score (PRS) of CRC was created to explore any interaction between dietary factors and genetic susceptibility in CRC risk. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CRC risk linked to dietary variables and PRS were estimated using Cox regression models. Multiple comparisons were corrected using the error discovery rate (FDR). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 12.8 years, 1466 incidents of CRC were identified. In the UK Biobank, alcohol and white bread were associated with increased CRC risk, and their HRs were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.14; FDRP = 0.028) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05-1.16; FDRP = 0.003), whereas dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese intakes were inversely associated. We found no evidence of any PRS-nutrient interaction relationship in relation to CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that higher intakes of alcohol and white bread are associated with increased CRC risk, whilst dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese are inversely associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Fangyuan Jiang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Zihan Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Rongqi Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, and Centre of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.L.)
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China;
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Lu Y, Ma X, Tazmini K, Yang M, Zhou X, Wang Y. Admission Serum Calcium Level and Short-Term Mortality After Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Secondary Analysis Based on a Norwegian Retrospective Cohort. Front Neurol 2022; 13:889518. [PMID: 35785360 PMCID: PMC9240666 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.889518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDisturbed serum calcium levels are related to the risk of stroke. However, previous studies exploring the correlation between serum calcium and the clinical outcome of ischemic stroke (IS) have shown inconsistent results.ObjectThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between admission serum calcium and 30-day mortality in patients with IS.MethodsA total of 876 IS patients from a Norwegian retrospective cohort were included for secondary analysis. The exposure variable and the primary outcome were albumin-corrected serum calcium (ACSC) at baseline and all-cause mortality within 30 days after the first admission, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of 30-day mortality according to ACSC levels. Moreover, the potential presence of a non-linear relationship was evaluated using two-piecewise linear regression with a smoothing function and threshold level analysis. The stability of the results was evaluated by unadjusted and adjusted models.ResultsThe result of multiple regression analysis showed that ACSC at baseline was positively associated with the incidence of 30-day mortality after adjusting for the potential confounders (age, gender, serum glucose, hypertension, atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, renal insufficiency, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, paralysis, and aphasia) (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.43–4.12). When ACSC was translated into a categorical variable, the ORs and 95% CIs in the second to the fourth quartile vs. the first quartile were 1.23 (0.56, 2.69), 1.16 (0.51, 2.65), and 2.13 (1.04, 4.38), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Moreover, the results of two-piecewise linear regression and curve-fitting revealed a linear relationship between ACSC and 30-day mortality.ConclusionACSC is positively associated with 30-day mortality in IS patients, and the relationship between them is linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jingshan Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kiarash Tazmini
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Theater General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang
| | - Xiaobing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Xiaobing Zhou
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Yang Wang
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Matuszewska E, Klupczynska A, Maciołek K, Kokot ZJ, Matysiak J. Multielemental Analysis of Bee Pollen, Propolis, and Royal Jelly Collected in West-Central Poland. Molecules 2021; 26:2415. [PMID: 33919229 PMCID: PMC8122449 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beehive products possess nutritional value and health-promoting properties and are recommended as so-called "superfoods". However, because of their natural origin, they may contain relevant elemental contaminants. Therefore, to assess the quality of bee products, we examined concentrations of a broad range of 24 selected elements in propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly. The quantitative analyses were performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) techniques. The results of our research indicate that bee products contain essential macronutrients (i.e., K, P, and S) and micronutrients (i.e., Zn and Fe) in concentrations depending on the products' type. However, the presence of toxic heavy metals makes it necessary to test the quality of bee products before using them as dietary supplements. Bearing in mind that bee products are highly heterogenous and, depending on the environmental factors, differ in their elemental content, it is necessary to develop standards regulating the acceptable levels of inorganic pollutants. Furthermore, since bees and their products are considered to be an effective biomonitoring tool, our results may reflect the environment's condition in west-central Poland, affecting the health and well-being of both humans and bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Matuszewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Klupczynska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Zenon J. Kokot
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 13 Street, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.); (A.K.)
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Huang K, Deng J, Yang Y, Qiao N, Zhang Z, Li Q, Han Q, Zhang H, Yang F, Ji Y, Cui J, Ali F, Li Y, Tang Z. Effects of 25(OH)D 3 supplementation during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:908-915. [PMID: 33713505 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet type (normal or low Ca and P diets) and 25(OH)D3 supplementation (with or with not 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 ) during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. A total of 40 sows, which are at their 7th parity, were divided into four groups: control group (standard diet), low Ca group, 25(OH)D3 group and low Ca plus 25(OH)D3 group respectively (10 in each group). The blood of sows on day 100 and 114 of gestation and newborn piglets was collected for serum biochemical analyses. Results showed that the reproductive performance of sows was not influenced by diet type or 25(OH)D3 supplementation (p > 0.05). And the addition of 25(OH)D3 to diet low Ca group caused that the content of serum TG in sows on day 100 of gestation was not different from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly decreases the content of serum TG in sows on day 114 of gestation (p < 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly increased the content of serum UREA and CREA in newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Overall, feeding 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 to aged sows at late gestation had no effects on reproductive performance, but partly contributed to keeping serum TG balance in sows and may indicate increased pressure on kidneys in newborn piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxuan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jichang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanju Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Farah Ali
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang M, Yan S, Peng Y, Shi Y, Tsauo JY, Chen M. Serum calcium levels correlates with coronary artery disease outcomes. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:1128-1136. [PMID: 33336068 PMCID: PMC7718611 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effect of serum calcium levels on prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well evaluated. We aimed to assess the associations of baseline serum calcium levels with both short-term and long-term outcomes in CAD patients. Methods This study included 3,109 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed CAD. Patients were categorized into quartiles according to admission serum calcium. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the association of serum calcium with mortality. Results Compared to patients in the lowest quartile of serum calcium, patients in upper quartiles were presented with lower all-cause mortality (Hazard ratios [HRs] were -0.636 [95% CI: -0.424 to -0.954], -0.545 [95% CI: -0.351 to -0.846] and -0.641 [95% CI: -0.450 to -0.913] for three upper quartiles versus lowest quartile respectively), cardiovascular mortality (HRs 0.594 [0.368-0.961], 0.261 [0.124-0.551] and 0.407 [0.229-0.725]), and in-hospital mortality (Odd ratios [ORs] 0.391 [0.188-0.812], 0.231 [0.072-0.501] and 0.223 [0.093-0.534]). Consistent associations between serum calcium and long-term mortality were also obtained in subgroup analysis of ACS patients, stable CAD patients and discharged patients. Conclusions Serum calcium is inversely associated with CAD and can independently predict both in-hospital and long-term mortality among CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shaodi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Shenzhen Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiay-Yu Tsauo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Street, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Comparison of the Effect of Enteral Feeding through the Bolus and Continuous Methods on Serum Phosphorus and Glucose Levels in Patients with Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:6428418. [PMID: 33005454 PMCID: PMC7508222 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6428418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients who are under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units need to have nutritional support. Also, feeding methods affect serum phosphorus and glucose levels, which are very important in weaning patients off the ventilator. Thus, this study is to compare the effects of both bolus and continuous enteral feeding methods on serum phosphorus and glucose levels in patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods In this clinical trial study, 34 patients in the intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences satisfied inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Sampling was done between October and February 2018. The intervention group received continuous enteral feeding for one week, and the control group received nutrition by the bolus method. The blood glucose level was measured every six hours, and the serum phosphorus level was recorded at the beginning and the end of the intervention, based on the data entry form with respect to all ethical considerations. Data analysis was done by SPSS-20 software. Results The serum phosphorus level was significantly increased in the intervention group (P=0.004) and in the control group (P < 0.001) and was compared with the previous intervention. No significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention (P=0.22) and also one week after the intervention (P=0.14). There was also no significant difference between the glucose levels from day 1 to day 7 in the control group (P=0.33) and the intervention group (P=0.086). Discussion. Nutritional support in both bolus and continuous methods increased the serum phosphorus level. It indicates the importance of the nutritional method in controlling the phosphorus level in critically ill patients. However, there was no difference between the effects of dietary methods on blood glucose control.
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Iida A, Matsushita M, Ohta T, Yamada T. Conventional and novel impacts of ferric citrate on iron deficiency anemia and phosphorus metabolism in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:379-386. [PMID: 31996496 PMCID: PMC7118491 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferric citrate is an oral iron-based phosphate binder, being known to affect iron status and improve iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We examined
whether oral administration of ferric citrate could change iron status and improve anemia without affecting phosphorus metabolism in iron deficiency anemia rats. In Normal rat study, normal
rats were fed a diet containing 0.3 or 3% ferric citrate for 11 days for setting the dose and administration period of ferric citrate. The effects of ferric citrate on iron status- and
phosphorus metabolism-related parameters were evaluated using blood and urine samples. Next, an iron deficiency anemia was induced by feeding iron-depleted diet in rats. After 7 days of
starting the iron-depleted diet, 0.3% ferric citrate was administered for 7 days by dietary admixture. Iron status- and phosphorus metabolism-related parameters were evaluated with blood and
urine samples. In Normal rat study, 3% ferric citrate treatment increased serum iron level and transferrin saturation (TSAT), and decreased serum phosphorus level, intact fibroblast growth
factor 23 (iFGF23) level, and urinary phosphorus excretion, but 0.3% ferric citrate treatment showed no effects. On the other hand, in Iron deficiency anemia rat study, 0.3% ferric citrate
treatment increased iron status-related parameters and improved anemia, but did not show any apparent changes in phosphorus metabolism-related parameters. In conclusion, ferric citrate could
have hematopoietic effects without affecting phosphorus metabolism, and could be a potential option for the treatment of IDA in patients without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Iida
- Biological/Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan.,Department of Agrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Igarashi, Nishiku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mutsuyoshi Matsushita
- Biological/Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Department of Agrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050 Igarashi, Nishiku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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Curry D, Giancarelli A, Vickers DC. Evaluation of the Safety of Rapid Parenteral Nutrition Titration. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 44:534-540. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Shiyovich A, Plakht Y, Gilutz H. Serum calcium levels independently predict in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:510-516. [PMID: 29501443 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Serum calcium levels (sCa) were reported to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors, incidence of coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The current study evaluated the association between sCa and in-hospital mortality among AMI patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients admitted in a tertiary medical center for AMI throughout 2002-2012 were analyzed. For each patient, mean sCa, corrected to albumin, was calculated and categorized to seven equally-sized groups: <8.9, 8.9-9.12, 9.12-9.3, 9.3-9.44, 9.44-9.62, 9.62-9.86, ≥9.86 mg/dL. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Out of 12,121 AMI patients, 11,446 were included, mean age 67.1 ± 14 years, 68% Males. Mean number of sCa values for patient was 4.2 ± 7.3. Mean sCa was 9.4 ± 0.53 mg/dL, range 5.6-13.2 mg/dL sCa was significantly associated with cardiovascular risk-factors, in-hospital complications, more frequent 3-vessel coronary artery disease and decreased rate of revascularization, often in a U-shaped association. Overall 794 (6.9%) patients died in-hospital. Multivariate analysis showed a significant U-shaped association between sCa and in-hospital mortality with sCa below 9.12 mg/dL and above 9.86 mg/dL as independent predictors of significantly increased in-hospital mortality: OR = 2.4 (95% CI:1.7-3.3) and 1.7 (95%CI:1.2-2.4), for Ca<8.9 and Ca≥9.86 mg/dL respectively p < 0.01, as compared with middle rage sCa group (9.3-9.44 mg/dL). CONCLUSION sCa is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI with a U-shaped association. Both increased and decreased sCa levels are associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shiyovich
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, and "Sackler" Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Y Plakht
- Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - H Gilutz
- Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Lambert K, Mullan J, Mansfield K. An integrative review of the methodology and findings regarding dietary adherence in end stage kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:318. [PMID: 29061163 PMCID: PMC5653982 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary modification is an important component of the management of end stage kidney disease (ESKD). The diet for ESKD involves modifying energy and protein intake, and altering sodium, phosphate, potassium and fluid intake. There have been no comprehensive reviews to date on this topic. The aims of this integrative review were to (i) describe the methods used to measure dietary adherence (ii) determine the rate of dietary adherence and (iii) describe factors associated with dietary adherence in ESKD. METHODS The Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched using the search terms 'adherence' and 'end stage kidney disease'. Of the 787 potentially eligible papers retrieved, 60 papers of 24,743 patients were included in this review. Of these papers, 44 reported the rate of dietary adherence and 44 papers described factors associated with adherence. RESULTS Most of the evidence regarding dietary adherence is derived from studies of hemodialysis patients (72% of patients). The most common method of measuring dietary adherence in ESKD was subjective techniques (e.g. food diaries or adherence questionnaires). This was followed by indirect methods (e.g. serum potassium, phosphate or interdialytic weight gain). The weighted mean adherence rate to ESKD dietary recommendations was 31.5% and 68.5% for fluid recommendations. Adherence to protein, sodium, phosphate, and potassium recommendations were highly variable due to differences in measurement methods used, and were often derived from a limited evidence base. Socioeconomic status, age, social support and self-efficacy were associated with dietary adherence. However, factors such as taste, the impact of the diet on social eating occasions; and dietetic staffing also appear to play a role in dietary adherence. CONCLUSION Dietary adherence rates in people with ESKD are suboptimal. Further research is required on dietary adherence in patients with ESKD from different social, educational, economic and ethnic groups. This research may identify other factors which may impact upon adherence, and could be used to inform the design of future strategies to improve dietary adherence. Future research that reports not just the rate of adherence to individual components of the nutrient prescription but also the overall quality of the diet would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Lambert
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Wollongong Hospital, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Level 5, Block C, Crown Street, Wollongong, NSW 2500 Australia
| | - Judy Mullan
- Centre for Health Research Illawarra Shoalhaven Population (CHRISP), Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, iC Enterprise 1, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
| | - Kylie Mansfield
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522 Australia
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Derenski K, Catlin J, Allen L. Parenteral Nutrition Basics for the Clinician Caring for the Adult Patient. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 31:578-95. [PMID: 27440772 DOI: 10.1177/0884533616657650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-sustaining therapy providing nutrients to individuals with impaired intestinal tract function and enteral access challenges. It is one of the most complex prescriptions written routinely in the hospital and home care settings. This article is to aid the nutrition support clinician in the safe provision of PN, including selecting appropriate patients for PN, vascular access, development of a PN admixture, appropriate therapy monitoring, recognition of preparation options, and awareness of preparation and stability concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Allen
- CoxHealth Medical Centers, Springfield, Missouri, USA
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Yan SD, Liu XJ, Peng Y, Xia TL, Liu W, Tsauo JY, Xu YN, Chai H, Huang FY, Chen M, Huang DJ. Admission Serum Calcium Levels Improve the GRACE Risk Score Prediction of Hospital Mortality in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Clin Cardiol 2016; 39:516-23. [PMID: 27279131 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score has been extensively validated to predict risk during hospitalization in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, serum calcium has been suggested as an independent predictor for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; however, the relationship between the 2 has not been evaluated. HYPOTHESIS The combination of GRACE risk score and serum calcium could provide better performance in risk prediction. METHODS The study enrolled 2229 consecutive patients with ACS. Independent predictors were identified by a multivariate logistic regression model. The incremental prognostic value added by serum calcium to the GRACE score was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS Patients in the upper quartiles of serum calcium presented with lower in-hospital mortality (odds ratios for 3 upper quartiles vs lowest quartile, respectively: 0.443, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.206-0.953; 0.243, 95% CI: 0.090-0.654; and 0.210, 95% CI: 0.082-0.538). Area under the curve increased significantly after adding serum calcium to the GRACE score (0.685 vs 0.746; Z = 2.617, P = 0.009). Furthermore, inclusion of serum calcium in the GRACE score enhanced NRI (0.524; P = 0.009) and IDI (0.011; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Lower serum calcium level on admission is a possible indicator of increased risk of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. Inclusion of serum calcium in the GRACE score may lead to a more accurate prediction of this risk. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-di Yan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Li Xia
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiay-Yu Tsauo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Ning Xu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Yang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - De-Jia Huang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Zhu L, Chen X, Kong X, Cai YD. Investigation of the roles of trace elements during hepatitis C virus infection using protein-protein interactions and a shortest path algorithm. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2756-68. [PMID: 27208424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis is a type of infectious disease that induces inflammation of the liver without pinpointing a particular pathogen or pathogenesis. Type C hepatitis, as a type of hepatitis, has been reported to induce cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma within a very short amount of time. It is a great threat to human health. Some studies have revealed that trace elements are associated with infection with and immune rejection against hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we aimed to expand our knowledge of this phenomenon by designing a computational method to identify genes that may be related to both HCV and trace element metabolic processes. The searching procedure included three stages. First, a shortest path algorithm was applied to a large network, constructed by protein-protein interactions, to identify potential genes of interest. Second, a permutation test was executed to exclude false discoveries. Finally, some rules based on the betweenness and associations between candidate genes and HCV and trace elements were built to select core genes among the remaining genes. RESULTS 12 lists of genes, corresponding to 12 types of trace elements, were obtained. These genes are deemed to be associated with HCV infection and trace elements metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The analyses indicate that some genes may be related to both HCV and trace element metabolic processes, further confirming the associations between HCV and trace elements. The method was further tested on another set of HCV genes, the results indicate that this method is quite robustness. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The newly found genes may partially reveal unknown mechanisms between HCV infection and trace element metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "System Genetics" Guest Editor: Dr. Yudong Cai and Dr. Tao Huang.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiuCun Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - XiJia Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Plogsted S, Adams SC, Allen K, Breen HB, Cober MP, Greaves J, Mogensen KM, Ralph A, Ward C, Ybarra J, Holcombe B. Parenteral Nutrition Electrolyte and Mineral Product Shortage Considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 31:132-4. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533615621550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C. Adams
- Vitaline Infusion Pharmacy Services, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karen Allen
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - June Greaves
- Coram/CVS Specialty Infusion Services, Woonsocket, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kris M. Mogensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Ralph
- Yale–New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Joe Ybarra
- The Medical Center of McKinney, McKinney, Texas, USA
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17
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Lim HS, Park YH, Lee HH, Kim TH, Kim SK. Comparison of Calcium Intake Status by Region and Socioeconomic Status in Korea: The 2011-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Bone Metab 2015; 22:119-26. [PMID: 26389087 PMCID: PMC4572033 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2015.22.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium is an essential element nutrient in our body, and insufficient calcium intake is very common in Korean. Socioeconomic status (SES) is known to be associated with quality of diet and health. The purpose of this study was to compare between calcium intake by region and SES. Methods This study used data from a nationally represented sample of Koreans (n=19,249) from 2011 to 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We were divided into six regions: Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, and Jeju-do. Daily calcium intake and dietary quality based on 24 hr recall data was calculated and analyzed by the sex, age, SES. Results The regions with the highest calcium intakes in both males and females were Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The age groups with a significant difference in calcium intake, nutrient adequacy ratio, and nutrient density by region were 14 to 19, 20 to 29, and ≥65 years. Calcium intake and dietary quality were lowest in the low household income group. In terms of being a recipient of the dietary life supply, the calcium intake and dietary quality of the recipient group was low. Conclusions We found that daily calcium intake was very different by region and was significantly lower in region with lower SES. The findings of this study suggest social inequalities in calcium intake by region can be addressed in the development and implementation of tailored nutritional interventions to promote calcium nutritional status of Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sook Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea. ; Department of Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hyung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hae-Hyeog Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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