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Shiani A, Sharafi K, Omer AK, Kiani A, Matin BK, Heydari MB, Massahi T. A Systematic Literature Review on the Association Between Toxic and Essential Trace Elements and the Risk of Orofacial Clefts in Infants. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3504-3516. [PMID: 37957518 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have been linked to various toxic and essential trace elements (TETEs) worldwide. However, review estimation is absent. Therefore, addressing the hypothesis that TETEs are associated with OFCs is the main area of this review. A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar between 2004 and August 2022. The "AND" and "OR" operators were used to make our search results inclusive and restrictive as follows: ("Toxic element*" OR "Heavy metal*") AND ("Toxic element*" OR "Lead OR Arsenic OR Mercury*")) AND ("Essential trace element*" OR "Zinc OR Selenium OR Copper*")) AND ("Orofacial cleft*" OR "Cleft lip*" OR "Cleft palate*") AND ("Infant*" OR "Newborn*" OR "Neonate*")). The presence of toxic elements was linked to the development of OFCs. The results showed that higher levels of toxic elements in various biological sample types were related to increased risks for OFCs. Increased concentrations of essential trace elements (ETEs) lowered the risk of OFCs. Maternal consumption of diets rich in ETEs, including zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo), was linked to a more pronounced reduction in the risk of OFCs. Based on the findings, it is acceptable to infer that maternal exposure to toxic elements, whether through environmental contaminants or dietary sources, was associated with an elevated risk of OFCs. Furthermore, the study revealed that ETEs exhibited a potential protective role in reducing the incidence of OFCs. This observation highlights the importance of reducing exposure to toxic elements during pregnancy and suggests that optimizing maternal intake of ETEs could be an effective preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shiani
- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Abdullah Khalid Omer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Razga Company, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani, Iraq.
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Karami Matin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Heydari
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tooraj Massahi
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Sharma K, Sharma V. Allium sativum Essential Oil Supplementation Reverses the Hepatic Inflammation, Genotoxicity and Apoptotic Effects in Swiss Albino Mice Intoxicated with the Lead Nitrate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3258-3277. [PMID: 37964042 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged lead (Pb) exposure impairs human health due to its interference with physiological and biochemical processes. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate natural therapeutics to alleviate Pb-induced intoxication. In the current investigation, essential oil extracted from the fresh bulbs of Allium sativum was considered as a natural remedy. Initially, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of A. sativum essential oil (ASEO) were explored. The results reported that ASEO exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, an in vivo study was conducted to elucidate its preventive role against Lead-nitrate (LN)-induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice. The experimental mice were allocated into six groups: Control, LN-intoxicated group (50 mg/kg), LN + ASEO (50 mg/kg), LN + ASEO (80 mg/kg), LN + Silymarin (25 mg/kg), and LN + vehicle oil control group. The entire duration of the study was of 30 days. From the results, it was determined that LN exposure elevated the Pb content in hepatic tissues which subsequently increased the serum biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines (NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6) as well as apoptotic factors (caspase-3, BAX), all of which contribute to DNA damage. Meanwhile, it reduced anti-inflammatory (IFN-γ and IL-10) and anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2). Furthermore, Pb accumulation in hepatic tissues changed the histological architecture, which was linked to necrosis, central vein dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration and Kupffer cell activation. In contrast to this, ASEO administration decreased the Pb content, which in turn reduced the level of serum biomarkers, inflammatory and apoptotic factors. At the same time, it increased the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic factors, thereby reduced DNA damage and restored the hepatic histology. In conclusion, exhaustive research is of the utmost demand to elucidate the precise defense mechanisms of ASEO against LN-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Sharma
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Veena Sharma
- Banasthali Vidyapith, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
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Xiong Y, Hu Z, Ouyang D, Tang M, He J, He S, Liu R, Gao Z, Chen Y, Hu D. miR-584-5p / Ykt6 - mediated autophagy - lysosome - exosome pathway as a critical route affecting the toxic effects of lead on HK-2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116322. [PMID: 38636258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Lead is a widespread environmental pollutant with serious adverse effects on human health, but the mechanism underlying its toxicity remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-584-5p / Ykt6 axis in the toxic effect of lead on HK-2 cells and the related mechanism. Our data suggested that lead exposure caused significant cytotoxicity, DNA and chromosome damage to HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, lead exposure down-regulated miR-584-5p and up-regulated Ykt6 expression, consequently, autophagosomal number and autophagic flux increased, lysosomal number and activity decreased, exosomal secretion increased. Interestingly, when miR-584-5p level was enhanced with mimic, autophagosomal number and autophagic flux decreased, lysosomal number and activity increased, ultimately, exosomal secretion was down-regulated, which resulted in significant aggravated toxic effects of lead. Further, directly blocking exosomal secretion with inhibitor GW4869 also resulted in exacerbated toxic effects of lead. Herein, we conclude that miR-584-5p / Ykt6 - mediated autophagy - lysosome - exosome pathway may be a critical route affecting the toxic effects of lead on HK-2 cells. We provide a novel insight into the mechanism underlying the toxicity of lead on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Xiong
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zuqing Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Di Ouyang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meilin Tang
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjie Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dalin Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Road North, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Public Health Service Centre of Baoan Dsitrict, Shenzhen City 518000, China; Grade 2020 Undergraduate Student Majoring in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China..
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Tuncer SÇ, Akarsu SA, Küçükler S, Gür C, Kandemir FM. Effects of sinapic acid on lead acetate-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in testicular tissue. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2656-2667. [PMID: 37471654 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of lead acetate (PbAc) and sinapic acid (SNP) administration on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, sperm quality and histopathology in testicular tissue of rats was tried to be determined. PbAc was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg/bw for 7 days to induce testicular toxicity in rats. Oral doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/bw SNP were administered to rats for 7 days after PbAc administration. According to our findings, while PbAc administration increased MDA content in rats, it decreased GPx, SOD, CAT activity and GSH content. NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2, which are among the inflammation parameters that increased due to PbAc, decreased with the administration of SNP. Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 mRNA transcript levels decreased with PbAc, but SNP treatments increased these mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. RAGE and NLRP3 gene expression were upregulated in PbAc treated rats. MAPK14, MAPK15, and JNK relative mRNA levels decreased with SNP treatment in PbAc treated rats. While the levels of apoptosis markers Bax, Caspase-3, and Apaf-1 increased in rats treated with PbAc, the level of Bcl-2 decreased, but SNP inhibited this apoptosis markers. PbAc caused histopathological deterioration in testis tissue and negatively affected spermatogenesis. When the sperm quality was examined, the decrease in sperm motility and spermatozoon density caused by PbAc, and the increase in the ratio of dead and abnormal spermatozoa were inhibited by SNP. As a result, while PbAc increased apoptosis and inflammation by inducing oxidative stress in testicles, SNP treatment inhibited these changes and increased sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Çiğdem Tuncer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Mohamed HRH. Acute Oral Administration of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Suppresses Lead Acetate-Induced Genotoxicity, Inflammation, and ROS Generation in Mice Renal and Cardiac Tissues. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3284-3293. [PMID: 34515915 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead, a highly toxic pollutant, causes numerous health problems and affects nearly all biological systems thus arousing interest in using antioxidants to reduce its toxic effects. Therefore, the undertaken study estimated the influence of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) on the lead acetate-induced genotoxicity and inflammation in the kidney and heart tissues of mice. Twenty male mice were randomly divided into negative control and lead acetate and/or CeO2-NPs administrated groups. Comet and diphenylamine assays were conducted to assess the DNA damage and the expression of apoptosis-related genes and inflammatory cytokines were also measured in addition to the estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Co-administration of CeO2-NPs significantly reduced the DNA damage and ROS generation caused by lead acetate in the kidney and heart tissues. The co-administration of CeO2-NPs also ameliorated the lead acetate-induced dysregulation in the expression levels of p53, K-ras, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 in the kidney and heart. Conclusion: the co-administration of CeO2-NPs suppresses the genotoxicity, inflammation, and ROS generation resulting from lead acetate administration and restoring the genomic DNA integrity; thus, administration of CeO2-NPs is recommended to minimize the lead acetate-induced hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ramadan Hamad Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- General Biology Department, College of Oral and Dental Surgery, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October, Giza, Egypt.
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Mitra S, Chakraborty AJ, Tareq AM, Emran TB, Nainu F, Khusro A, Idris AM, Khandaker MU, Osman H, Alhumaydhi FA, Simal-Gandara J. Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:101865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Kucukler S, Benzer F, Yildirim S, Gur C, Kandemir FM, Bengu AS, Ayna A, Caglayan C, Dortbudak MB. Protective Effects of Chrysin Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Lead Acetate in Rat Kidneys: a Biochemical and Histopathological Approach. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1501-1514. [PMID: 32613487 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the protective effects of chrysin (CR) on lead acetate (PbAc)-induced renal toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats were investigated with biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. In the study, rats were given orally at 30 mg/kg/body weight (BW) PbAc after CR of 25 and 50 mg/kg/BW was administered to them orally (a total of 7 administrations for 7 days). The results showed that CR reduced urea and creatinine levels by alleviating PbAc-induced kidney damage. It was determined that CR decreases PbAc-induced lipid peroxidation due to its antioxidant properties and increases catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels. It was also detected that CR protects DNA from the toxic effects of PbAc and reduces 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Biochemical and immunohistochemical findings demonstrated that CR had anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects and reduced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-33 (IL-33), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), p53 levels, and the activities of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which were increased with PbAc administration. Moreover, CR was found to increase the levels of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and nephrine in PbAc-induced kidney tissue. CR decreased the contents of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) and increased those of potassium (K) calcium (Ca) in renal tissue. These results indicated that CR considerably alleviates kidney toxicity caused by PbAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fulya Benzer
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Aydin Sukru Bengu
- Department of Medical Services and Tecniques, Program of Medical Laboratory Tecniques, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
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Marmouzi I, Bouyahya A, Ezzat SM, El Jemli M, Kharbach M. The food plant Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology and clinical evidence. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113303. [PMID: 32877720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. or Milk thistle is a medicinal plant native to Northern Africa, Southern Europe, Southern Russia and Anatolia. It also grows in South Australia, North and South America. In traditional knowledge, people have used S. marianum for liver disorders such as hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and gallbladder diseases. The main active compound of the plant seeds is silymarin, which is the most commonly used herbal supplement in the United States for liver problems. Nowadays, S. marianum products are available as capsules, powders, and extracts. AIM OF STUDY The aim of our study is to draw a more comprehensive overview of the traditional heritage, pharmacological benefits and chemical fingerprint of S. marianum extracts and metabolites; as well as their metabolism and bioavailability. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature search has been conducted using relavant keywords and papers with rationale methodology and robust data were selected and discussed. Studies involving S. marianum or its main active ingredients with regards to hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cardiovascular protection, anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as the clinical trials performed on the plant, were discussed here. RESULTS S. marianum was subjected to thousands of ethnopharmacological, experimental and clinical investigations. Although, the plant is available for use as a dietary supplement, the FDA did not yet approve its use for cancer therapy. Nowadays, clinical investigations are in progress where a global evidence of its real efficiency is needed. CONCLUSION S. marianum is a worldwide used herb with unlimited number of investigations focusing on its benefits and properties, however, little is known about its clinical efficiency. Moreover, few studies have discussed its metabolism, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability, so that all future studies on S. marianum should focus on such areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Marmouzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathology Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Genomic Center of Human Pathology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Ainy Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt.
| | - Meryem El Jemli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, CePhaR, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
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Ileriturk M, Benzer F, Aksu EH, Yildirim S, Kandemir FM, Dogan T, Dortbudak MB, Genc A. Chrysin protects against testicular toxicity caused by lead acetate in rats with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13593. [PMID: 33368351 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the protective effects of chrysin (CHR) against testicular damage caused by lead acetate (PbAc) were examined. In this way, 30 min after rats were given 25 and 50 mg/kg/b.w CHR orally for seven consecutive days, 30 mg/kg/b.w PbAc was administered orally. In biochemical analysis of testicular tissue, it was found that PbAc-reduced antioxidant parameters [glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)], while it increased lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers [nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). In the immunohistochemical examination, it was determined that PbAc increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and caspase-3. Accordingly, PbAc was found to cause a decrease in sperm motility and an increase in the percentage of dead sperm. However, it has been observed that CHR relieves oxidative stress due to its antioxidant properties, thus protecting against inflammation and apoptosis. It also allowed the CHR sperm parameters to return to control group levels. The results revealed that CHR could be a natural substance to be used in Pb-induced testicular toxicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lead (Pb) is an important environmental contaminant heavy metal. Pb is believed to reduce fertility in men. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the damage caused by Pb to testicular tissue. CHR is an antioxidant substance that occurs naturally in various plants and has various pharmacological properties. In the present study, it was investigated whether CHR has a protective effect against testicular toxicity induced by PbAc. The results revealed that in rats, CHR protects the testicular tissue from PbAc toxicity by showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, thus bringing sperm parameters closer to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fulya Benzer
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Science, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Emrah Hicazi Aksu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Aydin Genc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu SC. Health Benefits of Silybum marianum: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11644-11664. [PMID: 33045827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of SM contain a flavonolignan complex called silymarin, the active compounds of which include silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, dihydrosilybin, silydianin, and so on. In this review, we thoroughly summarize high-quality publications related to the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of SM. SM has antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Importantly, SM also counteracts the toxicities of antibiotics, metals, and pesticides. The diverse pharmacological activities of SM provide scientific evidence supporting its use in both humans and animals. Multiple signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and inflammation are the common molecular targets of SM. Moreover, the flavonolignans of SM are potential agonists of PPARγ and ABCA1, PTP1B inhibitors, and metal chelators. At the end of the review, the potential and perspectives of SM are discussed, and these insights are expected to facilitate the application of SM and the discovery and development of new drugs. We conclude that SM is an interesting dietary medicine for health enhancement and drug discovery and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Abouelela ME, Orabi MA, Abdelhamid RA, Abdelkader MS, Madkor HR, Darwish FM, Hatano T, Elsadek BE. Ethyl acetate extract of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. reduces methotrexate-induced renal damage in rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:478-486. [PMID: 32953564 PMCID: PMC7484958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent and an immunosuppressant used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, its use is limited by its multi-organ toxicity, including nephrotoxicity, which is related to MTX-driven oxidative stress. Silencing oxidative stressors is therefore an important strategy in minimizing MTX adverse effects.Medicinal plants rich in phenolic compounds are probable candidates to overcome these oxidants. Herein, C. pentandra ethyl acetate extract showed powerful in vitro radical-scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.0716) comparable to those of the standard natural (ascorbic acid, IC50 = 0.045) and synthetic (BHA, IC50 = 0.056) antioxidants. The effect of C. pentandra ethyl acetate extract against MTX-induced nephrotoxicity in rats was evaluated by administering the extract (400 mg/kg/day) or the standard antioxidant silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days before and 5 days after a single MTX injection (20 mg/kg, i.p.).C. pentandra showed slight superiorities over silymarin in restoring the MTX-impaired renal functions, with approximately twofold decreases in overall kidney function tests. C. pentandra also improved renal antioxidant capacity and reduced the MTX-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, C. pentandra inhibited MTX-initiated apoptotic and inflammatory cascades, and attenuated MTX-induced histopathological changes in renal tissue architecture.Phytochemical investigation of the extract led to the purification of the phenolics quercitrin (1), cinchonains 1a (2) and 1b (3), cis-clovamide (4), trans-clovamide (5), and glochidioboside (6); a structurally similar with many of the reported antioxidant and nephroprotective agents. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that C. pentandra exhibits nephroprotective effect against MTX-induced kidney damage via its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. TAXONOMY Functional Disorder, Traditional Medicine, Herbal Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Nasr City, Eastern Avenue, P.O. Box 11432, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hafez R. Madkor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Faten M.M. Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, P.O. Box 71526, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tsutomu Hatano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Bakheet E.M. Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, P.O. Box 71524, Assiut, Egypt
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12
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Hamidian G, Mirdar S, Raee P, Asghari K, Jarrahi M. Silymarin protects the structure of kidney in the neonatal rats exposed to maternal cadmium toxicity: A stereological study. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2020; 11:143-152. [PMID: 32782743 PMCID: PMC7413006 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.84202.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of silymarin on maternal cadmium toxicity complications in the kidney of neonatal rats. Forty adults Wistar female rats were selected and placed with male rats for copulation. The pregnant animals were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8) including control, sham, silymarin, cadmium, and silymarin + cadmium. The animals received 400 mg L-1 cadmium and 100 mg kg-1 silymarin (sub-cutaneously, three days per week, three weeks). Two-day neonates were dissected and their right kidneys were fixed in 10.00% buffered formalin solution and processed by standard paraffin embedding. Tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed histologically and stereologically. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using a one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post-hoc. The results showed that silymarin significantly increased the neonatal rats' weight compared to the control group. Cadmium significantly decreased the weight of neonatal rats' kidneys. The results of histological studies indicated that cadmium caused subacute glomerulosclerosis, severe damage to urinary tubules such as tubular necrosis, and severe hyperemia in the medulla, but silymarin could preserve these complications. Stereological results revealed that cadmium decreased the total volume of kidney, medulla, and proximal and distal tubules and increased interstitial tissue and indicated the protective effects of silymarin on maternal cadmium toxicity complications in the kidney tissue of neonatal rats. It can be concluded that the administration of silymarin during pregnancy may be used as a useful and effective way of protecting the maternal cadmium toxicity complications in the kidney tissue of neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadmehr Mirdar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Pourya Raee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiyana Asghari
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Jarrahi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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13
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Fanoudi S, Alavi MS, Karimi G, Hosseinzadeh H. Milk thistle ( Silybum Marianum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 43:240-254. [PMID: 30033764 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1485687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological and chemical agents cause dangerous effects on human health via different exposing ways. Recently, herbal medicine is considered as a biological and safe treatment for toxicities. Silybum marianum (milk thistle), belongs to the Asteraceae family, possesses different effects such as hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Several studies have demonstrated that this plant has protective properties against toxic agents. Herein, the protective effects of S. marianum and its main component, silymarin, which is the mixture of flavonolignans including silibinin, silydianin and silychristin acts against different biological (mycotoxins, snake venoms, and bacterial toxins) and chemical (metals, fluoride, pesticides, cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic agents) poisons have been summarized. This review reveals that main protective effects of milk thistle and its components are attributed to radical scavenging, anti-oxidative, chelating, anti-apoptotic properties, and regulating the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Fanoudi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
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14
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Tran VN, Viktorova J, Augustynkova K, Jelenova N, Dobiasova S, Rehorova K, Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Ruml T. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Mycotoxins and Their Cocktails; Their Toxicity and Its Mitigation by Silibinin Pre-Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E148. [PMID: 32121188 PMCID: PMC7150870 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins found in randomly selected commercial milk thistle dietary supplement were evaluated for their toxicity in silico and in vitro. Using in silico methods, the basic physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of the mycotoxins were predicted using ACD/Percepta. The in vitro cytotoxicity of individual mycotoxins was determined in mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7), human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells. In addition, we studied the bioavailability potential of mycotoxins and silibinin utilizing an in vitro transwell system with differentiated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) simulating mycotoxin transfer through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The IC50 values for individual mycotoxins in studied cells were in the biologically relevant ranges as follows: 3.57-13.37 nM (T-2 toxin), 5.07-47.44 nM (HT-2 toxin), 3.66-17.74 nM (diacetoxyscirpenol). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was obtained for deoxynivalenol, beauvericin, zearalenone, enniatinENN-A, enniatin-A1, enniatin-B, enniatin-B1, alternariol, alternariol-9-methyl ether, tentoxin, and mycophenolic acid up to the 50 nM concentration. The acute toxicity of these mycotoxins in binary combinations exhibited antagonistic effects in the combinations of T-2 with DON, ENN-A1, or ENN-B, while the rest showed synergistic or additive effects. Silibinin had a significant protective effect against both the cytotoxicity of three mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS) and genotoxicity of AME, AOH, DON, and ENNs on HEK 293T. The bioavailability results confirmed that AME, DAS, ENN-B, TEN, T-2, and silibinin are transported through the epithelial cell layer and further metabolized. The bioavailability of silibinin is very similar to mycotoxins poor penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Augustynkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Nikola Jelenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Simona Dobiasova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Rehorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Libor Vitek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Faculty General Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
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15
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Pfaff AR, Beltz J, King E, Ercal N. Medicinal Thiols: Current Status and New Perspectives. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:513-529. [PMID: 31746294 PMCID: PMC7286615 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191119144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The thiol (-SH) functional group is found in a number of drug compounds and confers a unique combination of useful properties. Thiol-containing drugs can reduce radicals and other toxic electrophiles, restore cellular thiol pools, and form stable complexes with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and copper. Thus, thiols can treat a variety of conditions by serving as radical scavengers, GSH prodrugs, or metal chelators. Many of the compounds discussed here have been in use for decades, yet continued exploration of their properties has yielded new understanding in recent years, which can be used to optimize their clinical application and provide insights into the development of new treatments. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the biochemistry of currently used thiol drugs within the context of developments reported in the last five years. More specifically, this review focuses on thiol drugs that represent the standard of care for their associated conditions, including N-acetylcysteine, 2,3-meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, British anti-Lewisite, D-penicillamine, amifostine, and others. Reports of novel dosing regimens, delivery strategies, and clinical applications for these compounds were examined with an eye toward emerging approaches to address a wide range of medical conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise R. Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Justin Beltz
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Emily King
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, U.S.A
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16
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Abdel-Zaher AO, Abd-Ellatief RB, Aboulhagag NA, Farghaly HSM, Al-Wasei FMM. The interrelationship between gasotransmitters and lead-induced renal toxicity in rats. Toxicol Lett 2019; 310:39-50. [PMID: 30980911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the role of gasotransmitters in lead-induced nephrotoxicity. Long-term exposure of rats to lead resulted in its accumulation in kidney. The accumulated metal impaired kidney function and structure. Lead intoxication resulted in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in kidney. In addition, it resulted in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction and decrease in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) level and heme oxygenase (HO-1) concentration in kidney. Inhibition of NO overproduction by L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and increasing of H2S level by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and CO level by carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1) inhibited lead-induced impairment of kidney function and structure. These agents inhibited lead-intoxication induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, nitrosative stress and reduction of H2S level and HO-1 concentration. Also, concomitant treatment with these agents inhibited lead intoxication-induced increase in protein expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and caspase-3 as well as decrease in protein expressions of HO-1 and cystathionine- γ-lyase (CSE) in kidney. The NO donor, L-arginine and the H2S and CO biosynthesis inhibitors, trifluoro-DL-alanine and zinc deutroporphyrin, respectively produced opposite effects and aggravated the toxic effects of lead. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that gasotransmitters play an important role in lead-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Rasha B Abd-Ellatief
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Noha A Aboulhagag
- Department of Patholology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan S M Farghaly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fahmy M M Al-Wasei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Mabrouk A. Thymoquinone attenuates lead-induced nephropathy in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22238. [PMID: 30290066 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney hazards from lead (Pb) exposure are one of the fastest growing areas of concern in toxicology today. The thymoquinone (TQ) renoprotective effect against Pb-induced nephropathy has not previously been studied. Therefore, adult male Wistar rats were treated with Pb (2000 ppm of Pb acetate in drinking water) and/or TQ (5 mg/kg/day, per os). All treatments were applied for 5 weeks. The results indicated that Pb exposure produced metal deposition, histopathological changes, functional impairment (significant elevation in plasma urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels), total antioxidant status decrease, and lipid peroxidation stimulation in the kidneys. Interestingly, TQ supplementation remarkably improved the Pb-induced renal adverse effects without significantly reducing the tissue metal accumulation. In conclusion, our data indicate for the first time a protective effect of TQ against Pb-induced nephropathy, most likely through an antioxidant mechanism. On this basis, TQ deserves more consideration and further examination as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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18
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Wang L, Huang QH, Li YX, Huang YF, Xie JH, Xu LQ, Dou YX, Su ZR, Zeng HF, Chen JN. Protective effects of silymarin on triptolide-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:789-800. [PMID: 29115625 PMCID: PMC5780159 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin has been used in the treatment of a number of liver diseases for a long time, but its efficacy in preventing triptolide induced acute hepatotoxicity has not been reported previously. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of silymarin against triptolide (TP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Rats were orally administrated with silymarin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 7 days and received intraperitoneal TP (2 mg/kg) on the day 8. Hepatic injuries were comprehensively evaluated in terms of serum parameters, morphological changes, oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that TP-induced increases in serum parameters, including alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, which were determined using a biochemical analyzer, and histopathological alterations and hepatocyte apoptosis as determined by hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining, respectively, were prevented by silymarin pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner. TP-induced depletions in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and catalase, and glutathione levels, were also significantly reversed by silymarin, as determined using specific kits. Additionally, silymarin dose-dependently exhibited inhibitory effects on malonaldehyde content in the liver. The production of proinflammatory cytokines was investigated using ELISA kits, and the results demonstrated that silymarin dose-dependently inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-1β in the liver. To determine the mechanism of silymarin, western blot analysis was performed to investigate the protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-p38 and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of the TNF-α induced inflammatory response and apoptotic pathways. Silymarin significantly blocked p38 and JNK phosphorylation and activation. Additionally, the expression of the proapoptotic proteins cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X was also reduced following treatment with silymarin, as determined by ELISA, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In conclusion, silymarin was demonstrated to dose-dependently protect rat liver from TP-induced acute hepatotoxicity, with the high dose (200 mg/kg) achieving a superior effect. This protective effect may be associated with the improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, as well as the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis. Therefore, silymarin may have the potential to be applied clinically to prevent TP-induced acute hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Hui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Xian Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lie-Qiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Xing Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Nan Chen
- Higher Education Institute and Development Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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19
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Koriem KMM, Arbid MS. Role of caftaric acid in lead-associated nephrotoxicity in rats via antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0024/jcim-2017-0024.xml. [PMID: 29148979 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Lead is a toxic metal that is widely distributed in the environment where caftaric acid (CA) is the ester form of caffeic acid where CA is the major dietary polyphenol present in various foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CA in lead acetate (LA)-associated nephrotoxicity through antidiuretic, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. Methods Forty-eight male albino rats divided into six equal groups; group 1 control injected intraperitoneally (ip) with saline (1 mL/kg of bw) over two weeks period, group 2 injected ip with CA (80 mg/kg of bw) over two weeks period, groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 injected ip with 100 μmol/kg of bw LA over two weeks period where groups 4, 5 & 6 co-injected ip with 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) drug (1 mg/kg of bw), CA (40 mg/kg of bw), and CA (80 mg/kg of bw), respectively. Results The results obtained revealed that LA induced a significant decrease in kidney weight and serum sodium, potassium and chloride, but caused a significant increase in urinary volume, urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid. The LA also caused a significant decrease in kidney superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and induced a significant decrease in glutathione level while caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level. In addition, LA caused a decrease in p53 expression while induced an increase in bcl-2 expression in the kidney tissues. Co-injection of CA to LA-treated group restored all the above parameters to approach the normal values. The results supported with histopathological examinations. Conclusions In conclusion, the effect of CA on LA-related nephrotoxicity was occurred through antidiuretic, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic activities where the effect of CA was dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, P. O. Box 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Arbid
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Kim HS, Lee HJ, Kim YJ, Jang WH, Seo YR. A toxicogenomic study for the investigation of genotoxicity-related signaling networks in long-term and low dose lead exposed rat kidney. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Oladipo OO, Ayo JO, Ambali SF, Mohammed B. Evaluation of hepatorenal impairments in Wistar rats coexposed to low-dose lead, cadmium and manganese: insights into oxidative stress mechanism. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:674-684. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1223242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Oladipo
- Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Bisalla Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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