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Guo Z. Ganglioside GM1 and the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119558. [PMID: 37298512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1 is one of the major glycosphingolipids (GSLs) on the cell surface in the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression level, distribution pattern, and lipid composition are dependent upon cell and tissue type, developmental stage, and disease state, which suggests a potentially broad spectrum of functions of GM1 in various neurological and neuropathological processes. The major focus of this review is the roles that GM1 plays in the development and activities of brains, such as cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, neuroregeneration, signal transducing, memory, and cognition, as well as the molecular basis and mechanisms for these functions. Overall, GM1 is protective for the CNS. Additionally, this review has also examined the relationships between GM1 and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, GM1 gangliosidosis, Huntington's disease, epilepsy and seizure, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depression, alcohol dependence, etc., and the functional roles and therapeutic applications of GM1 in these disorders. Finally, current obstacles that hinder more in-depth investigations and understanding of GM1 and the future directions in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Zhou H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wu Q, Hu M, Ma S, Zhou M, Sun Y, Yu B, Ye J, Jiang W, Fu Z, Gong Y. Rare Diseases in Glycosphingolipid Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:189-213. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kohyama M, Yabuki A, Ochiai K, Nakamoto Y, Uchida K, Hasegawa D, Takahashi K, Kawaguchi H, Tsuboi M, Yamato O. In situ detection of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques for auxiliary diagnosis of canine and feline gangliosidoses. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:67. [PMID: 27036194 PMCID: PMC4815186 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses are progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases resulting from the excessive accumulation of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides in the lysosomes, respectively. The diagnosis of gangliosidosis is carried out based on comprehensive findings using various types of specimens for histological, ultrastructural, biochemical and genetic analyses. Therefore, the partial absence or lack of specimens might have resulted in many undiagnosed cases. The aim of the present study was to establish immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques for the auxiliary diagnosis of canine and feline gangliosidoses, using paraffin-embedded brain specimens stored for a long period. Results Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, cytoplasmic accumulation of pale to eosinophilic granular materials in swollen neurons was observed in animals previously diagnosed with GM1 or GM2 gangliosidosis. The immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques developed in this study clearly demonstrated the accumulated material to be either GM1 or GM2 ganglioside. Conclusions Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent techniques using stored paraffin-embedded brain specimens are useful for the retrospective diagnosis of GM1 and GM2 gangliosidoses in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kohyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Kenji Ochiai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka-shi, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakamoto
- Kyoto Animal Referral Medical Center, 208-4 Shin-arami, Tai, Kumiyama-cho, Kuse-gun, Kyoto, 613-0036, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyouman-chou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Kimimasa Takahashi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyouman-chou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsuboi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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Ariga T. Pathogenic role of ganglioside metabolism in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1227-42. [PMID: 24903509 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside metabolism is altered in several neurodegenerative diseases, and this may participate in several events related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Most changes occur in specific areas of the brain and their distinct membrane microdomains or lipid rafts. Antiganglioside antibodies may be involved in dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and disease progression in these diseases. In lipid rafts, interactions of glycosphingolipids, including ganglioside, with proteins may be responsible for the misfolding events that cause the fibril and/or aggregate processing of disease-specific proteins, such as α-synuclein, in Parkinson's disease, huntingtin protein in Huntington's disease, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Targeting ganglioside metabolism may represent an underexploited opportunity to design novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegeneration in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ariga
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
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Rahman MM, Kawaguchi H, Miyoshi N, Yabuki A, Nakamoto Y, Ozawa T, Yamato O. Pathological features of salivary gland cysts in a Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis: a possible misdiagnosis as malignancy. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 74:485-9. [PMID: 22083095 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cysts are often concurrent with GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs. Although the etiology is unknown, these cysts may be misdiagnosed as malignant due to the accumulation of foamy cells. The present study investigated the cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of salivary gland cysts in a Shiba dog affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. The salivary gland masses were surgically enucleated and examined clinicopathologically and pathologically in a 7-month-old Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis. Many large cells with rich cytoplasm including vacuoles of various sizes, i.e., foamy cells, were observed in stamp smears from the cut-surface of the masses and histopathologically in major parts of the cyst wall. Some of these foamy cells presented features similar to a spider-web appearance. The foamy cells were confirmed to have originated from macrophages based on marked immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, HLA-DR, lysozyme and Iba1. An ultrastructural study demonstrated electron-dense vesicular structures in the vacuolated cells. Therefore, the masses were diagnosed pathologically as benign salivary gland cysts with accumulation of foamy cells. In conclusion, the histopathological features of the salivary gland cysts in this Shiba dog were similar to those of lipoma and/or liposarcoma. In such cases, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations were useful in the differential diagnosis. Practitioners, clinical pathologists and pathologists should take GM1 gangliosidosis into consideration when they encounter salivary gland cysts in Shiba dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Satoh H, Yamauchi T, Yamasaki M, Maede Y, Yabuki A, Chang HS, Asanuma T, Yamato O. Rapid detection of GM1 ganglioside in cerebrospinal fluid in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:1202-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of GM1 (monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is markedly increased in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis due to GM1 accumulation in the central nervous system and leakage to the CSF. The present study established a rapid and simple method for detection of accumulated GM1 in the CSF in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) and discusses the usefulness of this method for the rapid diagnosis and/or high-risk screening of this disease in domestic animals. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from normal dogs and 4- to 11-month-old Shiba dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis. The MALDI TOF MS analysis was carried out in combination with a special sample plate and a simple desalting step on the plate. Specific signs of GM1 could be detected in the standard GM1 solutions at concentrations of 50 nmol/l or more. The signs were also clearly detected in CSF (131–618 nmol/l) in affected dogs, but not in normal canine CSF (12 ± 5 nmol/l, mean ± standard deviation). The results demonstrated that MALDI TOF MS can detect GM1 accumulated in canine CSF even in the early stage of the disease. In conclusion, the rapid detection of increased CSF GM1 using MALDI TOF MS is a useful method for diagnosis and/or screening for canine GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Satoh
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Toyofumi Yamauchi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Yoshimitsu Maede
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Taketoshi Asanuma
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (Satoh, Asanuma)
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamauchi, Yamasaki, Maede)
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Yabuki, Chang, Yamato)
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Brunetti-Pierri N, Scaglia F. GM1 gangliosidosis: review of clinical, molecular, and therapeutic aspects. Mol Genet Metab 2008; 94:391-396. [PMID: 18524657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
GM(1) gangliosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder due to deficiency of the beta-galactosidase enzyme. This deficiency results in accumulation of GM(1) gangliosides and related glycoconjugates in the lysosomes leading to lysosomal swelling, cellular damage, and organ dysfunction. The disease is lethal in the infantile and juvenile forms. To date, up to 102 mutations distributed along the beta-galactosidase gene (GLB1) have been reported. This review gives an overview of the clinical and molecular findings in patients with GM(1) gangliosidosis. Furthermore, it describes therapeutic approaches which are currently under investigation in animal models of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yamato O, Jo EO, Chang HS, Satoh H, Shoda T, Sato R, Uechi M, Kawasaki N, Naito Y, Yamasaki M, Maede Y, Arai T. Molecular Screening of Canine GM1 Gangliosidosis Using Blood Smear Specimens after Prolonged Storage: Detection of Carriers among Shiba Dogs in Northern Japan. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:68-71. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular screening of GM1 gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs was carried out in northern Japan using blood smear specimens after prolonged storage. Of 125 specimens obtained from 3 veterinary teaching hospitals for this screening, 68 specimens (54%) were adequate for direct amplification in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA test, and the percentage of adequacy was different at each hospital (34%, 73%. and 100%), suggesting that the amount of blood on the smear and the storage condition of specimens may affect adequacy. Of the 68 dogs examined, 2 dogs (2.9%) were heterozygous carriers for this disease and the other dogs were all genotypically normal. The results suggest blood smear specimens can be useful for PCR testing after prolonged storage provided specimens contain a generous amount of blood and have been adequately stored. The study also suggests that GM1 gangliosidosis may be widely prevalent in the Shiba dog population in northern Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Eun-Og Jo
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Hiroyuki Satoh
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Toru Shoda
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Reeko Sato
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan (Sato, Naito)
| | - Masami Uechi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science. Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan (Uechi, Kawasaki)
| | - Naomi Kawasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Science. Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan (Uechi, Kawasaki)
| | - Yoshihisa Naito
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan (Sato, Naito)
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
| | - Yoshimitsu Maede
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (Yamato, Jo. Chang, Satoh, Shoda, Yamasaki, Maede)
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Hasegawa D, Yamato O, Kobayashi M, Fujita M, Nakamura S, Takahashi K, Satoh H, Shoda T, Hayashi D, Yamasaki M, Maede Y, Arai T, Orima H. Clinical and molecular analysis of GM2 gangliosidosis in two apparent littermate kittens of the Japanese domestic cat. J Feline Med Surg 2007; 9:232-7. [PMID: 17198760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This case report documents clinical and molecular findings in two littermate kittens of the Japanese domestic cat with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0. Analysis included detailed physical, magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical, pathological and genetic examinations. At first, these littermate kittens showed typical cerebellar signs at approximately 2 months of age. About 2 months later, they progressively showed other neurological signs and subsequently died at about 7 months of age. Magnetic resonance imaging just before the death showed an enlarged ventricular system, T1 hyperintensity in the internal capsule, and T2 hyperintensity in the white matter of the whole brain. Histological findings suggested a type of lysosomal storage disease. Biochemical studies demonstrated that the kittens were affected with GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0, and a DNA assay finally demonstrated that these animals were homozygous for the mutation, which the authors had identified in a different family of the Japanese domestic cat. The findings in the present cases provide useful information about GM2 gangliosidosis variant 0 in Japanese domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hasegawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyounan-chou, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Satoh H, Yamato O, Asano T, Yonemura M, Yamauchi T, Hasegawa D, Orima H, Arai T, Yamasaki M, Maede Y. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers showing neurodegeneration in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis: possible use for assessment of a therapeutic regimen. Brain Res 2006; 1133:200-8. [PMID: 17196562 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for estimating degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis and preliminarily evaluated the efficacy of long-term glucocorticoid therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis using the biomarkers identified here. GM1 gangliosidosis, a lysosomal storage disease that affects the brain and multiple systemic organs, is due to an autosomal recessively inherited deficiency of acid beta-galactosidase activity. Pathogenesis of GM1 gangliosidosis may include neuronal apoptosis and abnormal axoplasmic transport and inflammatory response, which are perhaps consequent to massive neuronal storage of GM1 ganglioside. In the present study, we assessed some possible CSF biomarkers, such as GM1 ganglioside, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Periodic studies demonstrated that GM1 ganglioside concentration, activities of AST and LDH, and concentrations of NSE and MBP in CSF were significantly higher in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis than those in control dogs, and their changes were well related with the months of age and clinical course. In conclusion, GM1 ganglioside, AST, LDH, NSE and MBP could be utilized as CSF biomarkers showing CNS degeneration in dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapies proposed for this disease. In addition, we preliminarily treated an affected dog with long-term oral administration of prednisolone and evaluated the efficacy of this therapeutic trial using CSF biomarkers determined in the present study. However, this treatment did not change either the clinical course or the CSF biomarkers of the affected dog, suggesting that glucocorticoid therapy would not be effective for treating GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Satoh
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18 Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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