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Lajoinie M, Chavalle T, Floch F, Sayag D, Lanore D, Ponce F, Chamel G. Outcome of dogs treated with chemotherapy for mesothelioma: A retrospective clinical study on 40 cases and a literature review. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:825-835. [PMID: 35633310 PMCID: PMC9796774 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an uncommon cancer in dogs for which there is no established standard of care. Chemotherapy is often suggested despite no definitive proof of efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy on survival of dogs with mesothelioma. A retrospective multicentric study was carried out. To be included, dogs needed to present an evocative clinical evolution and a morphological diagnosis of mesothelioma. Exclusion of other cause of effusion and complete clinical follow-up were also required. Fourty dogs were included, 27 received chemotherapy (group 1) and 13 did not (group 2). Groups were heterogeneous regarding the proportion of animals undergoing surgery as part of their treatment (16 in group 1, 2 in group 2; p = .016) and homogeneous otherwise. Univariate analysis showed that dogs from group 1 survived significantly longer than dogs from group 2 (MST: 366 vs. 74 days; p < .001). Complete resolution of effusion after the first chemotherapy administration positively correlated with survival in group 1 (MST: 415 vs. 160 days; p < .01). All other variable tested had no significant impact on survival in univariate analysis, but dogs undergoing surgery and dogs having serous membranes' modification at medical imaging tended to survive longer. Multivariate analysis confirmed that chemotherapy was the sole variable independently associated with survival in our study (odds ratio 5.57-6.12; p < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lajoinie
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro SupUniversité de Lyon, UR ICEMarcy‐l'EtoileFrance
| | - Thomas Chavalle
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro SupUniversité de Lyon, UR ICEMarcy‐l'EtoileFrance
| | | | - David Sayag
- ONCOnseil—Unité d'expertise en oncologie vétérinaireToulouseFrance
| | - Didier Lanore
- Pôle Santé ChanturgueClermont‐FerrandFrance,AllianceBordeauxFrance
| | - Frédérique Ponce
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro SupUniversité de Lyon, UR ICEMarcy‐l'EtoileFrance
| | - Gabriel Chamel
- Service de cancérologie, VetAgro SupUniversité de Lyon, UR ICEMarcy‐l'EtoileFrance,ArmoniaVillefontaineFrance
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Sousa AC, Santos JC, Landolt C, Gomes C, Dias-Pereira P, Baptista CS. Clinicopathological and imaging features of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in a dog - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:376. [PMID: 33028333 PMCID: PMC7539460 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiology of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) in animals is still unknown. In humans, this pulmonary disorder is a rare autosomal recessive disorder triggered by a mutation in the gene SLC34A2, which causes deposition and aggregation of calcium and phosphate in the pulmonary parenchyma with formation of microliths. Although histopathological examination is required for a definite diagnosis, in humans, imaging modalities such as computed tomography can demonstrate typical patterns of the disease. This is the first description of the computed tomographic (CT) features of a histologically confirmed PAM in dogs. Case presentation The following report describes a case of a 7-year-old female Boxer dog evaluated for paroxysmal loss of muscle tone and consciousness with excitement. The main differential diagnoses considered were syncope, seizures, and narcolepsy-cataplexy. The results of the complete blood count, serum biochemistry panel, urinalysis, arterial blood pressure, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound, Holter monitoring, and ECG were all within normal limits. Additional exams included thoracic radiographs, head and thorax CT, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and CT-guided cytology. Thoracic radiographs revealed micronodular calcifications in the lungs, with sandstorm appearance. Computed tomography of the thorax showed the presence of numerous mineralized high-density agglomerates of multiple sizes throughout the pulmonary parenchyma, a reticular pattern with ground glass opacity and intense mineralized fibrosis of the pleural lining. Head CT was unremarkable. BAL and CT-guided cytology were inconclusive, but imaging features strongly suggest the diagnosis of PAM, which was histologically confirmed after necropsy. Conclusions This case report contributes to the clinicopathological and imaging characterization of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in dogs. In this species, the diagnosis of PAM should be considered when CT features evidence a reticular pattern with ground glass opacity and the presence of an elevated number and size of calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Canadas Sousa
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-31, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana C Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS- UP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVet), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clara Landolt
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS- UP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVet), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Gomes
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS- UP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVet), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Dias-Pereira
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-31, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Baptista
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS- UP), Veterinary Hospital of the University of Porto (UPVet), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. .,Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal (ICETA-CECA), Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologias Agrárias e Agro-Alimentares da Universidade do Porto, Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado, 55412, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal.
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Thoracic computed tomographic interpretation for clinicians to aid in the diagnosis of dogs and cats with respiratory disease. Vet J 2019; 253:105388. [PMID: 31685132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In humans, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) is a key diagnostic modality for pulmonary disorders. Its success likely lies in excellent correlation of lung diseases with associated subgross anatomic changes, as assessed by histopathology, and because of a multidisciplinary approach between clinicians, radiologists and pathologists. Although thoracic CT studies have been performed in dogs and cats for nearly three decades, there is a lack of uniformity in both protocols for acquisition and in terminology used to describe lesions. Importantly, terms such as a bronchial, interstitial, and alveolar patterns are inappropriate descriptors for canine and feline thoracic CT imaging changes; instead, lung patterns should be classified as increased or decreased attenuation, nodular patterns, and linear patterns, with specific vocabulary to describe subtypes of lesions. In this manuscript, the authors provide an overview of basic CT principles, strategies to optimize and acquire high-quality diagnostic studies (inclusive of paired inspiratory and expiratory series, contrast and triphasic angiography) and provide a roadmap for systematic interpretation of thoracic CT images.
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Mallol C, Espada Y, Lloret A, Altuzarra R, Anselmi C, Novellas R. Dystrophic mineralisation in chronic exogenous lipid pneumonia in cats. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919850255. [PMID: 31205738 PMCID: PMC6537269 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919850255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Case series summary Exogenous lipid pneumonia with mineralisation of the lung parenchyma was diagnosed in three cats with radiographs, CT and/or bronchoalveolar lavage cytological findings. All three cats had a common clinical history of chronic constipation and long-term forced oral administration of mineral oil. All three cases showed radiographic findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia, with an alveolar pattern in the ventral part of the middle and/or cranial lung lobes. Minor improvement of the radiographic lung pattern in the follow-up studies was seen in two cats, and a miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineralised pattern appeared in the previously affected lung lobes months to years after the diagnosis. In one cat, patchy fat-attenuating areas in the consolidated lung lobes were present on thoracic CT. Cases 1 and 2 showed respiratory signs at the initial presentation, while in case 3 the radiographic findings were incidental and the cat had never exhibited respiratory signs. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe dystrophic mineralisation of the lung in exogenous lipid pneumonia and also the first to describe the CT features in cats. Exogenous lipid pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineral opacities in the dependent part of the lung lobes on thoracic radiographs or CT in cats, especially in cases of chronic constipation, previously exposed to mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lloret
- Servei de medicina interna, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Anselmi
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Reinero C. Interstitial lung diseases in dogs and cats part II: Known cause and other discrete forms. Vet J 2018; 243:55-64. [PMID: 30606440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) can occur secondary to known causes or be classified as discrete syndromes. Also known as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, the ILDs represent a heterogenous group of non-infectious, non-neoplastic disorders characterized by varied patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. Characteristically associated with the true interstitium (i.e. the anatomic space lined by alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells and the loose-binding connective tissue), it is important to understand ILDs are associated with pathology of the distal lung parenchyma and thus lesions can be bronchiolocentric or resemble alveolar filling disorders. Injury to the distal lung can occur via inhalation or hematogenous routes. This review will build on a proposed classification scheme adapted from human medicine to describe known cause and discrete forms of ILDs in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Reinero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Kubba MAG. Pulmonary ossification and microlithiasis in a bitch with multicentric mammary tumors. Open Vet J 2017; 7:273-276. [PMID: 29038780 PMCID: PMC5633661 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microliths and ossification were found in the lungs of a 12-year-old bitch suffering from compound mammary gland tumor which has disseminated in the inguinal lymph node glands and the lungs. Pulmonary ossification appeared grossly as irregular stony sharp particles which infiltrated the lung tissue and were readily recognizable from under the pleura as grayish sharp protruding particles. Microscopic examination revealed the existence of intra-alveolar single or multilobular particles of ossification which are formed of lamellated osseous substance with osteocytes in lacunae. Microlith particles were also seen and were smaller, usually solitary and less frequent. They comprised strongly basophilic smooth laminated spherical particles which may enclose faintly stained substances. Both structures were not associated with inflammatory response. Larger particles appeared as white miliary spots by radiography. This article documents for a very rare case of pulmonary microlithiasis and ossification in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahir A G Kubba
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya
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