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Frezoulis PS, Urraca C, Altuzarra R, Berman K, Ives E. Choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:595. [PMID: 36967665 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Frezoulis
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - C Urraca
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - R Altuzarra
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
| | - K Berman
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Horner Court, 637 Gloucester Road, Horfield, Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - E Ives
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Lane, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of identification and to describe the CT features of the os penis in cats without genitourinary disorders. METHODS CT studies from cats that underwent an abdominal or pelvic examination between October 2013 and May 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Cats with no signs of urinary disease and with the external genitalia included in the scan were recruited. Length, width, height and pre- and post-contrast attenuation values of the os penis in soft tissue and bone algorithms were measured independently by two observers. RESULTS Twenty-three cats met the inclusion criteria. A cylindrical bone-attenuating structure inside the glans penis compatible with the os penis was visible in 20/23 (87%) cats. Mean length, width and height values were 3.48 mm × 1.41 mm × 1.37 mm in the soft tissue algorithm, and 3.26 mm × 1.15 mm × 1.06 mm in bone algorithm. The size of the os penis was not significantly different in neutered vs intact cats, but it was significantly larger in soft tissue vs bone algorithm. Age and body weight did not influence os penis size. Pre-contrast mean ± SD attenuation was 216.7 ± 69.5 Hounsfield units (HU) for soft tissue and 320.1 ± 135.9 HU for bone algorithms. Post-contrast attenuation was 289.1 ± 68.8 HU for soft tissue and 383.4 ± 130.9 HU for bone algorithms. A significant correlation between the attenuation in bone algorithm with body weight was noted, where the os penis was less attenuating with increased body weight (pre-contrast: r = -0.479; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The feline os penis is commonly seen on CT images, being more frequently detected than on radiographs. Its presence should not be mistaken for uroliths in the penile urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elisabet Domínguez
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Claudia Mallol
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Hospital Veterinary Clinic, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Mallol C, Espada Y, Lloret A, Altuzarra R, Anselmi C, Novellas R. Dystrophic mineralisation in chronic exogenous lipid pneumonia in cats. JFMS Open Rep 2019; 5:2055116919850255. [PMID: 31205738 PMCID: PMC6537269 DOI: 10.1177/2055116919850255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Case series summary Exogenous lipid pneumonia with mineralisation of the lung parenchyma was diagnosed in three cats with radiographs, CT and/or bronchoalveolar lavage cytological findings. All three cats had a common clinical history of chronic constipation and long-term forced oral administration of mineral oil. All three cases showed radiographic findings compatible with aspiration pneumonia, with an alveolar pattern in the ventral part of the middle and/or cranial lung lobes. Minor improvement of the radiographic lung pattern in the follow-up studies was seen in two cats, and a miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineralised pattern appeared in the previously affected lung lobes months to years after the diagnosis. In one cat, patchy fat-attenuating areas in the consolidated lung lobes were present on thoracic CT. Cases 1 and 2 showed respiratory signs at the initial presentation, while in case 3 the radiographic findings were incidental and the cat had never exhibited respiratory signs. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe dystrophic mineralisation of the lung in exogenous lipid pneumonia and also the first to describe the CT features in cats. Exogenous lipid pneumonia should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of miliary ‘sponge-like’ mineral opacities in the dependent part of the lung lobes on thoracic radiographs or CT in cats, especially in cases of chronic constipation, previously exposed to mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lloret
- Servei de medicina interna, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Anselmi
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Servei de diagnòstic per la imatge, Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the CT characteristics of the adrenal glands in healthy cats, to provide normal reference biometry for adrenal gland size and attenuation values, and to investigate the association with age, sex, laterality and body weight. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of 30 CT studies of healthy adult cats recruited from September 2013 to July 2015 was performed. Healthy cats >1 year of age were included based on the absence of clinical signs, unremarkable physical examination, normal results of the complete blood count, biochemical profile, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus and Bartonella species infection tests. The relationship between gland biometry (size and attenuation values) and the age, sex, laterality and body weight of cats were tested by two-way ANOVA. The intraclass correlation coefficient was assessed and mean, SD, range and reference interval provided. RESULTS Twenty-seven cats were included. Bilobed, arrowhead and oval adrenal gland shape patterns were recognised, the first being most common. No statistically significant differences were observed between the biometric parameters (length, height and attenuation values) and age, sex, laterality or body weight of the cats. Regarding the width of the adrenal glands, there was a statistically significant effect of sex and laterality. The length (11.6 ± 2.1 mm) and height (6.1 ± 1.3 mm) were the most consistent biometrical parameters to describe adrenal glands. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Adrenal gland shape, size and attenuation CT data of healthy feline patients are provided in this study, as well as normal reference intervals for morphometric characterisation based on adrenal length and height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mallol
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Mauricio Tobón Restrepo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Serrano
- Wildlife Ecology and Health Group and Wildlife Ecopathology Service (SEFaS), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Rosa Novellas
- Diagnostic Imaging Service of the Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
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Balseiro A, Altuzarra R, Vidal E, Moll X, Espada Y, Sevilla IA, Domingo M, Garrido JM, Juste RA, Prieto M, Pérez de Val B. Assessment of BCG and inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccines in an experimental tuberculosis infection model in sheep. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180546. [PMID: 28678885 PMCID: PMC5498051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Animal tuberculosis (TB) is a complex animal health problem that causes disruption to trade and significant economic losses. TB involves a multi-host system where sheep, traditionally considered a rare host of this infection, have been recently included. The aims of this study were to develop an experimental TB infection model in sheep with a Mycobacterium caprae field strain isolated from a tuberculous diseased ewe, and to use this to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two vaccines against TB in sheep, the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. Methods Eighteen 2 month-old lambs were experimentally challenged with M. caprae by the endotracheal route (1.5 × 103 CFU). They were separated per treatment group into parenterally vaccinated with a live BCG Danish strain vaccine (n = 6), orally vaccinated with a suspension of HIMB (n = 6) and unvaccinated controls (n = 6). Clinical, immunological, pathological and bacteriological parameters of infection were measured. Results All lambs were successfully infected and developed gross TB lesions in the respiratory system. The BCG vaccine conferred considerable protection against experimental TB in lambs, as measured by a reduction of the gross lesion volumes and bacterial load. However, HIMB vaccinated animals did not show protection. Conclusions This study proposes a reliable new experimental model for a better understanding of tuberculosis in sheep. BCG vaccination offers an effective prospect for controlling the disease. Moreover alternative doses and/or routes of administration should be considered to evaluate the efficacy of the HIMB vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Balseiro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Raúl Altuzarra
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Moll
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yvonne Espada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Mariano Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Derio, Bizkaia, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Centro de Biotecnología Animal, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Florenzano R, Altuzarra R, Carvajal C, Weil K, Dörr A, Fullerton C, Gottlieb B, Baeza H, Ramírez L, Barcos P, Cerda X, Donoso R. [Improving the quality of clinical interview teaching: evaluation of an intervention with medical students]. Rev Med Chil 2000; 128:294-300. [PMID: 10962871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of clinical interview is a key issue both for patient satisfaction and for diagnostic efficiency. Its adequacy relates to better clinical diagnosis treatment plans and patient compliance. AIM To measure the quality of interviews performed by medical students in three Chilean medical schools before receiving specific training on the subject and to compare the scores obtained after introductory courses on interview. MATERIAL AND METHODS The interviews were videotaped and then evaluated using an objective scale, that measures 33 skills grouped in six areas: opening, problem exploration, non verbal facilitation, interpersonal patient reaction and closing. The students were assigned to an experimental group that received an interactive workshop with role-plays, vignettes and videotape feedback, and to a non intervention group that received the usual bedside training on medical interviews. RESULTS Both groups shared the same skill level before the training, with better scores on nonverbal, patient reaction and problem exploration, and worse ones on closing and interpersonal skills. Comparing pre and post-test results, the overall score improved in the experimental group (from 33.2 to 38.3, p = 0.002) and worsened among non intervened students. There were statistically significant changes for opening (p < 0.002), problem exploration (p < 0.05), non verbal facilitation (p < 0.0001) and closing (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS It is important to train students not only in specific knowledge contents but in the process of interview. This training should encourage the development of empathy and closing skills.
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Gallegos R, Altuzarra R, James E, Mocarquer A, Aris L, Zehnder C, Aguilo J, Morales J. [Infections in kidney transplant recipients]. Rev Med Chil 1985; 113:557-63. [PMID: 3914684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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De la Cuadra H, Vargas V, Altuzarra R, Liendo F, Norambuena N. [Consumption coagulopathies and related conditions in the course of severe diseases]. Rev Med Chil 1972; 100:383-90. [PMID: 5041762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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