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Aziz SAAA, Mohamed MBED. Prevalence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from retail poultry shops in Beni-Suef city, Egypt. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:710-717. [PMID: 33409317 PMCID: PMC7774788 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in retail poultry shops, characterized the antibiotic resistance profile, and detected the genotypic pattern of virulence genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Broiler meat (n = 90), intestinal content (n = 40), and environmental samples (n = 95) were collected for this study. Besides, hand swabs (n = 20) were obtained from the poultry shop workers and stool samples (n = 40) were collected from the outpatient clinics of Beni-Suef University Hospital, Egypt. The samples were subjected to isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes by conventional bacteriological examinations and biochemical tests, followed by confirmatory identification by the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Among the collected samples (n = 285), L. monocytogenes could be detected in 14.4% (n = 41/285) of the samples, where 30.0% (n = 12/40) of the intestinal content was positive. Similarly, 10.0% (n = 9/90), 15.0% (n = 3/20), and 12.5% (n = 5/40) of the samples of meat, hand swabs, and stools were found positive for L. monocytogenes, respectively. A total of 12 (12.6%) out of 95 environmental samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity profile, most of the recovered isolates were multidrug-resistant against most commonly used antibiotics. CONCLUSION The findings conclude that poultry shops play a vital role in transmitting L. monocytogenes to the consumers. Asymptomatic poultry shop workers should draw attention to their potentials for spreading the infection to the consumers through the contaminated carcasses. Low hygienic standards are present in commercial poultry shops that increase the risk of contamination in the sold products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abdel Aleem Abdel Aziz
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Epidemiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Manar Bahaa El Din Mohamed
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Epidemiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Jeckel S, Wood A, Grant K, Amar C, King SA, Whatmore AM, Koylass M, Anjum M, James J, Welchman DDB. Outbreak of encephalitic listeriosis in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Avian Pathol 2016; 44:269-77. [PMID: 25921827 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1042427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of neurological disease was investigated in red-legged partridges between 8 and 28 days of age. Clinical signs included torticollis, head tilt and incoordination and over an initial eight day period approximately 30-40 fatalities occurred per day. No significant gross post mortem findings were detected. Histopathological examination of the brain and bacterial cultures followed by partial sequencing confirmed a diagnosis of encephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. Further isolates were obtained from follow-up carcasses, environmental samples and pooled tissue samples of newly imported day-old chicks prior to placement on farm. These isolates had the same antibiotic resistance pattern as the isolate of the initial post mortem submission and belonged to the same fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) subtype. This suggested that the isolates were very closely related or identical and that the pathogen had entered the farm with the imported day-old chicks, resulting in disease manifestation in partridges between 8 and 28 days of age. Reports of outbreaks of encephalitic listeriosis in avian species are rare and this is to the best of our knowledge the first reported outbreak in red-legged partridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jeckel
- a Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratory Agency , Royal Veterinary College , Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms , UK
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Tavakkoli H, Rahmani M, Ghanbarpoor R, Kheirandish R. Induced systemic listeriosis in Alectoris chukar chicks: clinical, histopathological and microbiological findings. Br Poult Sci 2016; 56:651-7. [PMID: 26551997 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1113505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
1. Systemic listeriosis was induced in 14-d-old Chukar partridge chicks, Alectoris chukar, by intravenous injection of a suspension containing 10(6) cfu/ml of viable Listeria monocytogenes organisms to study the course of infection. 2. Septicaemic and encephalitic forms of listeriosis were observed in all birds. Infection resulted in a fever response 8-h post-inoculation. Disease rapidly developed over a 24-h period with decreased activity, lethargy, ruffled feathers, huddling, listlessness, inability to stand, wing droop, decreased feed and water consumption, growth depression, neural disturbances and finally death. Gross and histopathological changes were observed in the myocardium, proventriculus, gizzard, intestine, pancreas, kidney, liver, spleen, lung, meninges and joints. 3. The diversity of these clinical signs and lesions suggests a high susceptibility of Chukar partridge chicks to systemic listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tavakkoli
- a Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - M Rahmani
- b Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - R Ghanbarpoor
- c Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
| | - R Kheirandish
- c Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran
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Gripenland J, Andersson C, Johansson J. Exploring the chicken embryo as a possible model for studying Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:170. [PMID: 25540772 PMCID: PMC4261823 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen capable of causing severe infections in humans, often with fatal outcomes. Many different animal models exist to study L. monocytogenes pathogenicity, and we have investigated the chicken embryo as an infection model: What are the benefits and possible drawbacks? We have compared a defined wild-type strain with its isogenic strains lacking well-characterized virulence factors. Our results show that wild-type L. monocytogenes, already at a relatively low infection dose (~5 × 10(2) cfu), caused death of the chicken embryo within 36 h, in contrast to strains lacking the main transcriptional activator of virulence, PrfA, or the cytolysin LLO. Surprisingly, strains lacking the major adhesins InlA and InlB caused similar mortality as the wild-type strain. In conclusion, our results suggest that the chicken embryo is a practical model to study L. monocytogenes infections, especially when analyzing alternative virulence pathways independent of the InlA and InlB adhesins. However, the route of infection might be different from a human infection. The chicken embryo model and other Listeria infection models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Gripenland
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher Andersson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Johansson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden ; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden
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Milillo S, Stout J, Hanning I, Clement A, Fortes E, den Bakker H, Wiedmann M, Ricke S. Listeria monocytogenes and hemolytic Listeria innocua in poultry. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2158-63. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Yin Y, Tian D, Jiao H, Zhang C, Pan Z, Zhang X, Wang X, Jiao X. Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a mutant strain of Listeria monocytogenes in the chicken infection model. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:500-5. [PMID: 21228136 PMCID: PMC3067393 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00445-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been exploited as a vaccine carrier based upon its ability to induce a strong cell-mediated immune response. At present, the safety of live, attenuated L. monocytogenes vaccines in patients is being studied in clinical trials. L. monocytogenes is also an attractive vaccine vector for use in poultry; however, the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of this organism in poultry remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of an actA- and plcB-deficient L. monocytogenes strain, yzuLM4ΔactA/plcB, and its wild-type parent strain, yzuLM4, in an avian infection model. The results showed that the wild-type strain could infect ISA brown chickens, causing serious tissue disruptions, including various degrees of degeneration, necrotic lesions, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, spleen, heart, and kidney. However, the mutant strain showed reduced virulence in embryonated eggs compared with that of the parent strain (the 50% lethal dose [LD(50)] was 3 logs higher). The mutant strain also showed low virulence in chickens and was rapidly eliminated by the host. There were no obvious pathological changes in tissue sections, but the mutant strain still retained the ability to stimulate high levels of antibody against the protein listeriolysin O (LLO). Booster immunization with the mutant strain led to rapid bacterial clearance from the livers and spleens of chickens challenged by the intramuscular route or the oral route. Collectively, our data suggest that the wild-type serotype 1/2a L. monocytogenes strain can cause serious disease in chickens but the mutant strain with a deletion of the actA and plcB genes is less virulent but induces a strong immune response. This mutant strain of L. monocytogenes is therefore a promising candidate as a safe and effective vector for the delivery of heterologous antigens to prevent zoonosis and infectious disease in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenju Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
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Akanbi OB, Breithaupt A, Polster U, Alter T, Quandt A, Bracke A, Teifke JP. Systemic listeriosis in caged canaries (Serinus canarius). Avian Pathol 2009; 37:329-32. [DOI: 10.1080/03079450802050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dutta V, Huff GR, Huff WE, Johnson MG, Nannapaneni R, Sayler RJ. The Effects of Stress on Respiratory Disease and Transient Colonization of Turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Avian Dis 2008; 52:581-9. [DOI: 10.1637/8299-032808-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Huff GR, Huff WE, Dutta V, Johnson MG, Nannapaneni R. Pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A After Oral and Oculonasal Challenges of Day-Old Turkey Poults. Avian Dis 2008; 52:444-50. [DOI: 10.1637/8244-013008-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Huff GR, Huff WE, Beasley JN, Rath NC, Johnson MG, Nannapaneni R. Respiratory infection of turkeys with Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Avian Dis 2006; 49:551-7. [PMID: 16404998 DOI: 10.1637/7375-05040r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied by challenging day-old male turkey poults by air sac inoculation with tryptose phosphate broth containing 10(0) cfu (control), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) cfu (low challenge), or 10(7) and 10(8) cfu (high challenge) of the Scott A (serotype 4b) strain of L. monocytogenes. Mortality at 2 wk postinfection (PI) ranged from 25% for low challenge to 100% for high challenge (P= 0.0001). Gross and histopathological lesions were observed in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and bursa of Fabricius of mortalities at 4 days PI. Listeria monocytogenes challenge resulted in significantly decreased relative weight of the bursa of Fabricius and increased relative weight of the spleen, and L. monocytogenes was isolated by direct plating of liver, pericardium, brain, and both left and right stifle joint synovium (knee) cultures, as well as gall bladder, yolk sac, and cecal tonsil from transfer swabs onto Listeria-selective agar. Isolates were confirmed as positive using Gram stain, biochemical tests, and the Biolog system. High challenge resulted in confirmed L. monocytogenes isolation from 48% of left knee and 59% of right knee cultures. Low challenge resulted in isolation of L. monocytogenes from 11% of both left and right knee cultures. These results suggest that L. monocytogenes Scott A colonization of turkey knee synovial tissue can initiate in day-of-age poults and that L. monocytogenes Scott A can be invasive through air sac infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Huff
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Kurazono M, Nakamura K, Yamada M, Yonemaru T, Sakoda T. Pathology of Listerial Encephalitis in Chickens in Japan. Avian Dis 2003; 47:1496-502. [PMID: 14709003 DOI: 10.1637/7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neural signs (torticollis, drowsiness) and mortality were observed in five chickens of a native chicken flock (reared for meat) that included 450 male birds on a farm that had 2300 native chickens and 1120 layers. Histologic lesions were observed in the medulla oblongata, optic lobe, cerebellum, and spinal cord of the affected birds. The lesions, which were most severe in the medulla oblongata, were massive abscesses with rarefaction (demyelination and malacia) of the parenchyma with gram-positive bacteria. The degenerative and necrotic areas were characterized by fibrin thrombosis, hemorrhages, and congestion in the blood vessels. Immunohistochemically, the bacteria positive for L. monocytogenes antigen were observed in the medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Ultrastructurally, the small rod-shaped and thin-cell-walled bacteria were observed in the parenchyma of the medulla oblongata. Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b) was isolated from the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. The pathogenesis of listerial encephalitis in chickens was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuteru Kurazono
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashiitiki, Hioki-gun, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
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Mallinson ET, Joseph SW, deRezende CL, Tablante NL, Carr LE. Salmonella control and quality assurance at the farm end of the food safety continuum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1919-22. [PMID: 11417735 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.218.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E T Mallinson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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