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El-Sherbini AH, Coroneos S, Zidan A, Othman M. Machine Learning as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Predicting Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review. Semin Thromb Hemost 2024. [PMID: 38604227 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Khorana score (KS) is an established risk assessment model for predicting cancer-associated thrombosis. However, it ignores several risk factors and has poor predictability in some cancer types. Machine learning (ML) is a novel technique used for the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, including cancer-associated thrombosis, when trained on specific diagnostic modalities. Consolidating the literature on the use of ML for the prediction of cancer-associated thrombosis is necessary to understand its diagnostic and prognostic abilities relative to KS. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current use and performance of ML algorithms to predict thrombosis in cancer patients. This study was conducted per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Databases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched from inception to September 15, 2023, for studies evaluating the use of ML models for the prediction of thrombosis in cancer patients. Search terms "machine learning," "artificial intelligence," "thrombosis," and "cancer" were used. Studies that examined adult cancer patients using any ML model were included. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Three hundred citations were screened, of which 29 studies underwent a full-text review, and ultimately, 8 studies with 22,893 patients were included. Sample sizes ranged from 348 to 16,407 patients. Thrombosis was characterized as venous thromboembolism (n = 6) or peripherally inserted central catheter thrombosis (n = 2). The types of cancer included breast, gastric, colorectal, bladder, lung, esophageal, pancreatic, biliary, prostate, ovarian, genitourinary, head-neck, and sarcoma. All studies reported outcomes on the ML's predictive capacity. The extreme gradient boosting appears to be the best-performing model, and several models outperform KS in their respective datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham H El-Sherbini
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefania Coroneos
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Zidan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maha Othman
- School of Baccalaureate Nursing, St Lawrence College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Duggan C, Hernon O, Dunne R, McInerney V, Walsh SR, Lowery A, McCarthy M, Carr PJ. Vascular access device type for systemic anti-cancer therapies in cancer patients: A scoping review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104277. [PMID: 38492760 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer can expect to receive numerous invasive vascular access procedures for intravenous therapy and clinical diagnostics. Due to the increased incidence and prevalence of cancer globally there will be significantly more people who require first-line intravenous chemotherapy over the next ten years. METHODS Our objective was to determine the types of evidence that exist for the vascular access device (VAD) type for the delivery of systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) in cancer patients. We used JBI scoping review methodology to identify the types of VADs used for SACT and with a specific search strategy included articles from 2012-2022 published in the English language. We identify (i) type of VADs used for SACT delivery (ii) the type of insertion and post-insertion complications (iii) the geographical location and clinical environment (iv) and whether VAD choice impacts on quality of life (QOL). Findings were presented using the PAGER framework. MAIN FINDINGS Our search strategy identified 10,390 titles, of these, 5318 duplicates were removed. The remaining 5072 sources were screened for eligibility, 240 articles met the inclusion criteria. The most common design include retrospective study designs (n = 91) followed by prospective study designs (n = 31). We found 28 interventional studies with 21 registered in a clinical trial registry and identified no core outcome sets papers specific to VAD for SACT. The most prevalent publications were those that featured two or more VAD types (n = 70), followed by tunnelled intravenous VADs (n = 67). Of 38 unique complications identified, the most frequent catheter related complication was catheter related thrombosis (n = 178, 74%), followed by infection (n = 170, 71%). The county where the most publications originated from was China (n = 62) with one randomized controlled multicenter study from a comprehensive cancer centre. Of the thirty three studies that included QOL we found 4 which reported on body image. No QOL measurement tools specific to the process of SACT administration via VAD are available INTERPRETATION: Our findings suggest a systematic review and meta-analysis of VAD use for intravenous SACT can be considered. However, the development of a core outcome set for SACT should be prioritised. Funding for high quality programs of research for VAD in cancer are needed. Comprehensive cancer centres should lead this research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Duggan
- Department of Oncology, Portiuncula Hospital, Ballinasloe, Galway H53 T971, Ireland; School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Ireland; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR) Group, Queensland, Australia.
| | - O Hernon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Ireland; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR) Group, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Dunne
- Library, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - V McInerney
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - S R Walsh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Ireland
| | - A Lowery
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - M McCarthy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Galway University Hospital, Ireland
| | - P J Carr
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Galway, Ireland; Alliance for Vascular Access Teaching and Research (AVATAR) Group, Queensland, Australia
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Su K, Duan R, Wu Y. Prognostic value of venous thromboembolism in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1331706. [PMID: 38390258 PMCID: PMC10882063 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1331706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of VTE and the prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, as there is currently a lack of systematic research on this topic, despite the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until April 9, 2023, to identify studies that explored the relationship between VTE and the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer. Duplicate publications, studies without full text or sufficient information for data extraction, animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews were excluded. The extracted data were analyzed using STATA 15.1. Results The pooled results indicated a significant association between the incidence of VTE and poorer overall survival (HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.24 - 1.53, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.94 - 3.04, p < 0.001) among patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Additionally, early VTE showed a significant impact on overall survival (HR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.33 - 3.12, p = 0.001), whereas late VTE did not demonstrate a significant association with poor overall survival (HR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.96 - 1.54, p = 0.099). Conclusions This study found that advanced pancreatic cancer patients with VTE had poorer overall and disease-free survival than those without. Meanwhile, the patients with early VTE had a significantly poorer prognosis, whereas late VTE did not. The findings highlight the importance of timely detection of VTE for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer patients and offer a partial theoretical basis for future clinical endeavors. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023427043, identifier CRD42023427043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Su
- Medical Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Mäder J, Rolling CC, Voigtländer M, Schulenkorf A, Lehr C, Regenhardt J, Bokemeyer C, Beckmann L, Langer F. Effect of factor XI inhibition on tumor cell-induced coagulation activation. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:199-212. [PMID: 37751848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated thrombosis is a frequent complication in patients with malignancies. While factor XI (FXI)/FXIa inhibition is efficacious in preventing postoperative venous thromboembolism, its role in tumor cell-induced coagulation is less defined. OBJECTIVES We thus aimed to provide mechanistic insights into FXI/FXIa inhibition in tumor cell-induced coagulation activation. METHODS Procoagulant activity (PCA) of 4 different tissue factor (TF) expressing tumor cell lines was analyzed by single-stage clotting and thrombin generation assay in the presence of a FXIa inhibitor, BMS-262084 (BMS), an inhibitory FXI antibody (anti-FXI), or peak and trough concentrations of rivaroxaban or tinzaparin. Further, tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation was recorded. Recombinant human TF served as positive control. RESULTS Although BMS and anti-FXI potently inhibited FXIa amidolytic activity, both inhibitors efficiently mitigated recombinant human TF- and tumor cell-induced fibrin clot formation and platelet aggregation only in the presence of low TF PCA. The anticoagulant effects showed an inverse correlation with the magnitude of cellular TF PCA expression. Similarly, BMS markedly interfered with tumor cell-induced thrombin generation, with the most prominent effects on peak and total thrombin. In addition, anticoagulant effects of FXIa inhibition by 10 μM BMS were in a similar range to those obtained by 600 nM rivaroxaban and 1.6 μM tinzaparin at low TF PCA levels. However, rivaroxaban and tinzaparin also exerted marked anticoagulant activity at high TF PCA levels. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that FXI/FXIa inhibition interferes with tumor cell-induced coagulation activation only at low TF PCA expression levels, a finding with potential implications for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Mäder
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina C Rolling
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minna Voigtländer
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Schulenkorf
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carina Lehr
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Judith Regenhardt
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lennart Beckmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Langer
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Zhang W, Chen L, Cao G, Wang F, Chen E. Relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and risk of thrombosis in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:588. [PMID: 38023362 PMCID: PMC10665995 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C667T genotype and the risk of colorectal cancer, as well as a link between MTHFR gene polymorphism and thrombosis, have been revealed. However, the connection between MTHFR gene polymorphism and the risk of thrombosis in patients with colorectal cancer has remained to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the link between MTHFR gene polymorphism and basic clinical data, postoperative D-dimer (DDi), postoperative thromboelastogram and postoperative thrombosis in 591 patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. Postoperative DDi, thromboelastogram and postoperative thrombosis were not significantly different among patients with colorectal cancer and different MTHFR genotypes. While the results were 'negative', the present study may help physicians understand that it is not necessary to detect MTHFR polymorphism for therapeutic purposes. Regarding the danger of venous thrombosis, more focus should be placed on the standardized procedural enforcement system for deep vein thrombosis prevention for patients undergoing pelvic and abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyang Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Engeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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Yang S, Chen S, Zhao Y, Wu T, Wang Y, Li T, Fu L, Ye T, Hu Y, Chen H. Identification of a coagulation-related signature correlated with immune infiltration and their prognostic implications in lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3295-3308. [PMID: 37795779 PMCID: PMC10665780 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a fatal form of lung cancer with a poor prognosis. Coagulation system had been confirmed closely related to tumor progression and the hypercoagulable state encouraged the immune infiltration and development of tumor cells, leading to a poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the use of the coagulation-related genes (CRGs) for prognosis in LUAD has yet to be determined. In this study, we constructed an immune-related signature (CRRS) and identified a potential coagulation-related biomarker (P2RX1). METHODS We obtained a total of 209 CRGs based on two coagulation-related KEGG pathways, then developed the CRRS signature by using the TCGA-LUAD RNA-seq data via the procedure of LASSO-Cox regression, stepwise-Cox regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Grouped by the CRRS, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn for the training and validation sets, respectively. In addition, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was exploited to explore immune infiltration level. Moreover, immunophenotypes and immunotherapy grouped by CRRS were further analyzed. RESULTS We developed an immune-related signature (CRRS) composed of COL1A2, F2, PLAUR, C4BPA, and P2RX1 in LUAD. CRRS was an independent risk factor for overall survival and displayed stable and powerful performance. Additionally, CRRS possessed distinctly superior accuracy than traditional clinical variables and molecular features. Functional analysis indicated that the differentially high expressed genes in the low-risk group significantly enriched in T cell and B cell receptor signaling pathways. The low-risk group was sensitive to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and displayed abundant immune infiltration and immune checkpoint gene expression. Finally, we identified an independent prognostic gene P2RX1. Low expression of P2RX1 associated with poor overall survival and decreased immune infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a significant correlation between CRRS and immune infiltration. CRRS could serve as a promising tool to improve the clinical outcomes for individual LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tao Wu
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Science and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuquan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liwan Fu
- Center for Non‐communicable Disease ManagementBeijing Children's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yue‐Qing Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haiquan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Institute of Thoracic OncologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Caraiola S, Voicu L, Baicus A, Baicus C. Criteria and Non-Criteria Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Cancer in Patients with Involuntary Weight Loss. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1549. [PMID: 38003864 PMCID: PMC10671946 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients have higher prevalences of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), occasionally associated with thrombotic events. A cross-sectional study regarding the presence of criteria (IgG/IgM anti-cardiolipin-aCL, anti-β2 glycoprotein I-aβ2GPI) and non-criteria (IgG/IgM anti-phosphatidylserine-aPS, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine-aPE, anti-prothrombin-aPT) aPLs in 146 patients with involuntary weight loss was performed. None of the patients had thrombotic events during the study. Out of the 36 cancer patients, 33 had non-hematologic malignancies. In the cancer subgroup, 60% of the patients had at least one positive aPL, with significantly more patients being positive for aβ2GPI IgG compared with the non-cancer subgroup-p = 0.03, OR = 2.23 (1.02-4.88). When evaluating the titres, aCL IgG/IgM, aβ2GPI IgG, aPE IgG, and aPS IgG had significantly higher values in cancer patients, the best cancer predictor being aβ2GPI IgG-AUC 0.642 (0.542-0.742). Gastrointestinal cancer patients were studied separately, and aCL IgM positivity was significantly higher-p = 0.008, OR = 6.69 (1.35-33.02). Both the titres of aCL IgM (p = 0.006) and aPS IgM (p = 0.03) were higher in the gastrointestinal cancer subgroup, with aCL IgM being the best predictor for gastrointestinal cancer development-AUC 0.808 (0.685-0.932). Despite criteria and non-criteria aPLs being frequent in cancer, their connection with thrombosis in these patients is probably dependent on other important risk factors and needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caraiola
- Fifth Department-Internal Medicine (Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Rheumatology, Geriatrics), Family Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Voicu
- Internal Medicine Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anda Baicus
- Fifth Department-Internal Medicine (Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Rheumatology, Geriatrics), Family Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory Department, The University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Baicus
- Fifth Department-Internal Medicine (Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Rheumatology, Geriatrics), Family Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Internal Medicine Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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García Vallejo O, Aicart Bort MD, Babiano Fernández MÁ, Caballer Rodilla J, Cabrera Ferriols MÁ, Carrasco Carrasco E, Gil Gil I, Lahera García AM, Martos Cárdenas T, Piera Carbonell A. [Recommendations for thromboembolic disease in oncological processes. A view from primary care]. Semergen 2023; 49:102030. [PMID: 37487423 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is a frequent complication in patients diagnosed with cancer and a cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20% of thromboembolic episodes develop in association with active cancer. On the other hand, it is estimated that about 2-12% of cases, the thromboembolic episode is the first manifestation of an occult cancer, diagnosed at that time or subsequently, which offers an opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment. There are multiple factors that contribute to increase the risk of VTE in oncological patients in relation to specific characteristics of the patient, the tumor and the treatments. Knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to early diagnosis when signs of VTE appear, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis if indicated. The diagnosis of VTE in patients with cancer does not differ of those who do not suffer from it. Regarding the treatment of VTE in these patients, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), direct acting anticoagulants (DACs) and antivitamin K (VKA) are the most commonly used, although the dosing regimen and length are not clear yet. The management of these patients should be interdisciplinary and early, so the primary care physician plays a key role in this process as he/she is liaise with his/her patients. It is also necessary to update knowledge in order to improve the care of these patients. For these reasons, this document has been prepared by the Working Group on Vasculopathies of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) whose objective is to present the available information regarding the management of VTE that may appear in oncological patients, as well as the assessment of thromboprophylaxis and treatment, if appropriate, from an approach focused on a primary care field.
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Affiliation(s)
- O García Vallejo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Comillas, Madrid, España.
| | | | - M Á Babiano Fernández
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Argamasilla de Calatrava, Argamasilla de Calatrava, Ciudad Real, España
| | - J Caballer Rodilla
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Centro de Salud Algete, Algete, Madrid, España
| | | | - E Carrasco Carrasco
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud de Abarán, Abarán, Murcia, España
| | - I Gil Gil
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Vielha, Vielha, Lleida, España
| | | | | | - A Piera Carbonell
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Corredoria, Oviedo, Asturias, España
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9
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Wong CCH, Choi HCW, Lee VHF. Complications of Central Venous Access Devices Used in Palliative Care Settings for Terminally Ill Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4712. [PMID: 37835406 PMCID: PMC10571956 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Central venous access devices (CVADs) have been commonly employed during various courses of anticancer treatment. Currently, there are a few types of clinically available CVADs, which are associated with short-term and long-term complications. However, little is known about the complication rates when CVADs are used only in palliative care settings. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the published literature to evaluate the complication rates of CVADs in this clinical setting. (2) Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to identify publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and trial registries. Publications reporting the complication rates of PICCs, central lines, and PORTs in palliative settings for terminally ill cancer patients were included, while those on the use of systemic anticancer therapy and peripheral venous catheters were excluded. The outcome measures included overall complication rate, rate of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), and rate of thromboembolism (TE). This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023404489). (3) Results: Five publications with 327 patients were analyzed, including four studies on PICCs and one study on central lines. No studies on PORTs were eligible for analysis. The overall complication rate for PICCs (pooled estimate 7.02%, 95% CI 0.27-19.10) was higher than that for central lines (1.44%, 95% CI 0.30-4.14, p = 0.002). The risk of CRBSI with PICCs (2.03%, 95% CI 0.00-9.62) was also higher than that with central lines (0.96%, 95% CI 0.12-3.41, p = 0.046). PICCs also had a trend of a higher risk of TE (2.10%, 95% CI 0.00-12.22) compared to central lines (0.48%, 95% CI 0.01-2.64, p = 0.061). (4) Conclusions: PICCs for palliative cancer care were found to have greater complications than central lines. This might aid in the formulation of future recommendation guidelines on the choice of CVAD in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Horace Cheuk-Wai Choi
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Centre of Cancer Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Bucciol R, Othman M. Tissue factor positive microparticles as a biomarker for increased risk of breast cancer-associated thrombosis: a mini review. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:180-185. [PMID: 37522480 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), such as venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a frequent complication in cancer patients, resulting in poor prognosis. Breast cancer is not highly thrombogenic but is highly prevalent, resulting in increased VTE cases. Many cancers express tissue factor (TF), a glycoprotein that triggers coagulation. The cancer cells were shown to express and release substantial amounts of TF-positive microparticles (MPTF), associated with a prothrombotic state. This narrative review evaluated the current use of the procoagulant MPTF as a biomarker for thrombosis risk in breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Tumors of epithelial origin with elevated TF expression have been associated with increased VTE incidence. Thus, studies have affirmed the use of MPTF biomarkers for VTE risk in many cancers. Patients with metastatic breast cancer and CAT were found to exhibit elevated procoagulant microparticles in vitro, due to TF expression. The silencing of TF was associated with decreased microparticle release in breast carcinoma cell lines, associated with decreased coagulation. SUMMARY CAT is a multifactorial condition, with several various underlying diseases. It is proposed that MPTF may be an effective biomarker for thrombosis risk in breast cancer patients but requires a more systemic evaluation utilizing standardized quantification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Bucciol
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University
| | - Maha Othman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University
- School of Baccalaureate Nursing, St Lawrence College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Wrzeszcz K, Rhone P, Kwiatkowska K, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. Hypercoagulability State Combined with Post-Treatment Hypofibrinolysis in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Evaluating Disease-Free and Overall Survival. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051106. [PMID: 37240751 DOI: 10.3390/life13051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy, has been identified as an important independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant therapy on the coagulation and fibrinolysis components in invasive breast cancer. (2) Methods: Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), tissue factor (TF), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen (concentration) and TFPI and TF activities were examined in the blood samples of 60 breast cancer patients treated by adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Blood samples were taken 24 h before primary surgery and 8 months after tumour removal surgery. (3) Results: Adjuvant therapy administrated to breast cancer patients significantly increased the concentration of plasma TF, the PAI-1 antigen and also the activity of TFPI and TF, but significantly decreased the level of the t-PA antigen. Combined chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, but not monotherapy, has an important effect on haemostatic biomarker levels. (4) Conclusions: Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy have an elevated risk of developing a hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis state leading to venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Wrzeszcz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rhone
- Clinical Ward of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Centre Prof. F. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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12
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Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12122954. [PMID: 36552961 PMCID: PMC9777086 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication that may exacerbate cancer prognosis. Whilst some studies indicate an increased risk of VTE in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, the prevalence estimates on the pooled prevalence of VTE in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are not known. This study aims to calculate the pooled prevalence of VTE in chemotherapy-treated cancer patients. Methods: Studies on VTE occurrence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were retrieved after database search. The terms used included “cancer”, “chemotherapy”, and “venous thromboembolism”. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a pooled estimate of VTE prevalence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Results: A total of 102 eligible studies involving 30,671 patients (1773 with VTE, 28,898 without) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of VTE prevalence was found to be 6%, ranging from 6% to 7% (ES 6%; 95% CI 6−7%; z = 18.53; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The estimated pooled prevalence rate of VTEs was 6% in cancer patients undergoing CRT, which was higher than the overall crude prevalence rate (5.78%). Comprehensive cancer care should consider stratified VTE risk assessment based on cancer phenotype, given that certain phenotypes of cancer such as bladder, gastric and ovarian posing particularly high risks of VTE.
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13
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Zhu D, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. PAD4 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2414. [PMID: 36365233 PMCID: PMC9699117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic spread of malignancies and the risk of cancer-associated thrombosis are major clinical challenges in cancer therapy worldwide. As an important post-translational modification enzyme, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) could mediate the citrullination of protein in different components (including nucleus and cytoplasm, etc.) of a variety of cells (tumor cells, neutrophils, macrophages, etc.), thus participating in gene regulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) and macrophage extracellular trap (MET). Thereby, PAD4 plays an important role in enhancing the growth of primary tumors and facilitating the distant metastasis of cancer cells. In addition, it is related to the formation of cancer-associated thrombosis. Therefore, the development of PAD4-specific inhibitors may be a promising strategy for treating cancer, and it may improve patient prognosis. In this review, we describe PAD4 involvement in gene regulation, protein citrullination, and NET formation. We also discuss its potential role in cancer and cancer-associated thrombosis, and we summarize the development and application of PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanming Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100069, China
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14
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Nishiwaki N, Noma K, Kunitomo T, Hashimoto M, Maeda N, Tanabe S, Sakurama K, Shirakawa Y, Fujiwara T. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer comparing cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil versus docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil: a propensity score matching analysis. Esophagus 2022; 19:626-638. [PMID: 35792947 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-022-00934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standard treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer is preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF), followed by surgery. Although docetaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) has been reported to have favorable outcomes, no study has compared its therapeutic efficacy to that of standard treatment. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of CF and DCF in the real world by matching patient background factors using propensity scores. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of 237 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy between January 2008 and December 2018. Patients were divided into two groups based on the preoperative chemotherapy regimens of CF (79 patients) or DCF (158 patients), and 49 matched pairs were finally analyzed using propensity score matching. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS After matching, although no significant differences in survival were observed among the groups, patients receiving DCF showed a significantly high histological response (P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that DCF therapy had better overall survival (P = 0.046) and relapse-free survival (P = 0.010) among pathological T3 and T4 cases. Whereas, adverse effects of chemotherapy were more frequent in the DCF group. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving DCF had higher pathological response and better survival than those receiving CF, especially in pathological T3 and T4 cases matched using propensity scores. Thus, the DCF regimen might be an effective treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, the adverse side effects of chemotherapy remain high and should be handled appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Nishiwaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Noma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Kunitomo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masashi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Naoaki Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Sakurama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shirakawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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15
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Song B, Chi H, Peng G, Song Y, Cui Z, Zhu Y, Chen G, Wu J, Liu W, Dong C, Wang Y, Xu K, Yu Z, Song B. Characterization of coagulation-related gene signature to predict prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975255. [PMID: 36059641 PMCID: PMC9434152 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is an extremely metastatic form of skin cancer. However, there are few valuable molecular biomarkers, and accurate diagnosis is still a challenge. Hypercoagulable state encourages the infiltration and development of tumor cells and is significantly associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the use of a coagulation-related gene (CRG) signature for prognosis in SKCM, on the other hand, has yet to be determined. Method We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases to identify differentially expressed CRGs, then designed a prognostic model by using the LASSO algorithm, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and constructed a nomogram which was evaluated by calibration curves. Moreover, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GSE54467 was used as an independent validation. The correlation between risk score and clinicopathological characteristics, tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunotherapy was further analyzed. Results To develop a prognostic model, seven CRGs in SKCM patients related to overall survival (OS) were selected: ANG, C1QA, CFB, DUSP6, KLKB1, MMP7, and RABIF. According to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, an increased OS was observed in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group (P<0.05). Immunotherapy was much more beneficial in the low-risk group, as per immune infiltration, functional enrichment, and immunotherapy analysis. Conclusions The prognosis of SKCM patients may now be predicted with the use of a CRG prognostic model, thus guiding the development of treatment plans for SKCM patients and promoting OS rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyu Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Yu, ; Baoqiang Song,
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhou Yu, ; Baoqiang Song,
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16
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In-hospital prognosis of malignancy-related pulmonary embolism: an analysis of the national inpatient sample 2016–2018. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2022; 54:630-638. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-022-02684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Zaragoza-Huesca D, Nieto-Olivares A, García-Molina F, Ricote G, Montenegro S, Sánchez-Cánovas M, Garrido-Rodríguez P, Peñas-Martínez J, Vicente V, Martínez F, Lozano ML, Carmona-Bayonas A, Martínez-Martínez I. Implication of Hepsin from Primary Tumor in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133106. [PMID: 35804878 PMCID: PMC9264764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease whose deregulation promotes tumor invasion by proteolysis of the pericellular components. In colorectal cancer, the implication of hepsin is unknown. Consequently, we aimed to study the correlations between hepsin expression and different clinical-histopathological variables in 169 patients with localized colorectal cancer and 118 with metastases. Tissue microarrays were produced from samples at diagnosis of primary tumors and stained with an anti-hepsin antibody. Hepsin expression was correlated with clinical-histopathological variables by using the chi-square and Kruskal−Wallis tests, Kaplan−Meier and Aalen−Johansen estimators, and Cox and Fine and Gray multivariate models. In localized cancer patients, high-intensity hepsin staining was associated with reduced 5-year disease-free survival (p-value = 0.16). Medium and high intensity of hepsin expression versus low expression was associated with an increased risk of metastatic relapse (hazard ratio 2.83, p-value = 0.035 and hazard ratio 3.30, p-value = 0.012, respectively), being a better prognostic factor than classic histological variables. Additionally, in patients with localized tumor, 5-year thrombosis cumulative incidence increased with the increment of hepsin expression (p-value = 0.038). Medium and high intensities of hepsin with respect to low intensity were associated with an increase in thrombotic risk (hazard ratio 7.71, p-value = 0.043 and hazard ratio 9.02, p-value = 0.028, respectively). This relationship was independent of previous tumor relapse (p-value = 0.036). Among metastatic patients, low hepsin expression was associated with a low degree of tumor differentiation (p-value < 0.001) and with major metastatic dissemination (p-value = 0.023). Hepsin is a potential thrombotic and metastatic biomarker in patients with localized colorectal cancer. In metastatic patients, hepsin behaves in a paradoxical way with respect to differentiation and invasion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zaragoza-Huesca
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Andrés Nieto-Olivares
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco García-Molina
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.M.)
| | - Guillermo Ricote
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Sofía Montenegro
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Cánovas
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Pedro Garrido-Rodríguez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Peñas-Martínez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, 30003 Murcia, Spain; (F.G.-M.); (F.M.)
| | - María Luisa Lozano
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Carmona-Bayonas
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.-B.); (I.M.-M.); Tel.: +34-968-341-990 (A.C.-B. & I.M.-M.)
| | - Irene Martínez-Martínez
- Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (D.Z.-H.); (G.R.); (S.M.); (M.S.-C.); (P.G.-R.); (J.P.-M.); (V.V.); (M.L.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, U-765-CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-B.); (I.M.-M.); Tel.: +34-968-341-990 (A.C.-B. & I.M.-M.)
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Li D, Shao J, Cao B, Zhao R, Li H, Gao W, Chen P, Jin L, Cao L, Ji S, Dong G. The Significance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Colorectal Cancer and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848594. [PMID: 35747797 PMCID: PMC9209713 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), products of neutrophil death when exposed to certain stimuli, were first proposed as a type of response to bacterial infection in infectious diseases. Since then, extensive studies have discovered its involvement in other non-infectious inflammatory diseases including thromboembolism, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. NET formation is closely associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis in CRC. Therefore, the application of NETs in clinical practice as diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and prognostic predictors has a promising prospect. In addition, therapeutics targeting NETs are significantly efficient in halting tumor progression in preclinical cancer models, which further indicates its potential clinical utility in cancer treatment. This review focuses on the stimuli of NETosis, its pro-tumorigenic activity, and prospective clinical utility primarily in but not limited to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Jin
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuaifei Ji, ; Guanglong Dong,
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuaifei Ji, ; Guanglong Dong,
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19
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Yeini E, Satchi-Fainaro R. The role of P-selectin in cancer-associated thrombosis and beyond. Thromb Res 2022; 213 Suppl 1:S22-S28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Kus F, Smolenski RT, Tomczyk M. Inorganic Polyphosphate—Regulator of Cellular Metabolism in Homeostasis and Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040913. [PMID: 35453663 PMCID: PMC9031883 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a simple anionic polymer consisting of even hundreds of orthophosphate units, is a universal molecule present in both simple and complex organisms. PolyP controls homeostatic processes in animals, such as blood coagulation, tissue regeneration, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, this polymer is a potent regulator of inflammation and influences host immune response in bacterial and viral infections. Disturbed polyP systems have been related to several pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, but we lack a full understanding of polyP biogenesis and mechanistic insights into the pathways through which polyP may act. This review summarizes recent studies that describe the role of polyP in cell homeostasis and show how disturbances in polyP levels may lead to disease. Based on the collected findings, we highlight the possible usage of this polymer as a promising therapeutic tool in multiple pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kus
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tomczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.T.S.); (M.T.)
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Rubio-Jurado B, Sosa-Quintero LS, Guzmán-Silahua S, García-Luna E, Riebeling-Navarro C, Nava-Zavala AH. The prothrombotic state in cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:213-242. [PMID: 34809828 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasms result from changes in the mechanisms of growth, differentiation, and cellular death. Cancers are of high clinical relevance due to their prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality. The clinical and biological diversity of cancer depends mainly on cellular origin and degree of differentiation. These changes result from alterations in molecular expression that generate a complex clinical, biochemical, and morphologic phenotype. Although cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state, few cancers result in a thrombotic event. Many factors influence thrombotic incidence, such as advanced disease, central catheter placement, chemotherapy, neoplasia, and surgery. The pro-coagulant state is associated with anomalies in the vascular wall, blood flow, blood constituents (tissue factor, thrombin), coagulation state, and cell growth factors. Tumor cells perpetuate this phenomenon by releasing tissue factor, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. These changes favor cellular activation that gives rise to actions involving coagulation, inflammation, thrombosis, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor metastases. These, in turn, are closely linked to treatment response, tumor aggressiveness, and host survival. Activation of the coagulation cascade is related to these phenomena through molecules that interact in these processes. As such, it is necessary to identify these mediators to facilitate treatment and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Rubio-Jurado
- Departamento Clínico de Hematología, División Onco-Hematologia, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México; Extensión, Consulting and Research Division, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México; Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lluvia Sugey Sosa-Quintero
- Departamento Clínico de Hematología, División Onco-Hematologia, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Sandra Guzmán-Silahua
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo García-Luna
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Carlos Riebeling-Navarro
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica, UMAE, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo Hernán Nava-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica 02, UMAE, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa Internacional Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; Servicio de Inmunología y Reumatología, División de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Ohashi Y, Ikeda M, Kunitoh H, Sasako M, Okusaka T, Mukai H, Fujiwara K, Nakamura M, Oba MS, Kimura T, Ibusuki K, Takita A, Sakon M. TEMPORARY WITHDRAWAL: One-year incidence of venous thromboembolism, bleeding, and death in patients with solid tumors newly initiating cancer treatment: Results from the Cancer-VTE Registry. Thromb Res 2021; 213:203-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shah S, Karathanasi A, Revythis A, Ioannidou E, Boussios S. Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: A New Light on an Old Story. Diseases 2021; 9:34. [PMID: 34064390 PMCID: PMC8161803 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a rising and significant phenomenon, becoming the second leading cause of death in cancer patients. Pathophysiology of CAT differs from thrombosis in the non-cancer population. There are additional risk factors for thrombosis specific to cancer including cancer type, histology, and treatment, such as chemotherapy. Recently developed scoring systems use these risk factors to stratify the degree of risk and encourage thromboprophylaxis in intermediate- to high-risk patients. Anticoagulation is safely used for prophylaxis and treatment of CAT. Both of these have largely been with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), rather than the vitamin K antagonist (VKA); however, there has been increasing evidence for direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use. Consequently, international guidelines have also adapted to recommend the role of DOACs in CAT. Using DOACs is a turning point for CAT, but further research is warranted for their long-term risk profile. This review will discuss mechanisms, risk factors, prophylaxis and management of CAT, including both LMWH and DOACs. There will also be a comparison of current international guidelines and how they reflect the growing evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Shah
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Afroditi Karathanasi
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonios Revythis
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Evangelia Ioannidou
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds IP33 2QZ, UK;
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK; (S.S.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Okello CD, Mulumba Y, Omoding A, Ddungu H, Orem J. Survival of patients with cancer associated thrombosis at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1212. [PMID: 33912237 PMCID: PMC8057783 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer leads to a reduced life expectancy. There is an increased incidence of cancer and its associated mortality in Uganda. We described the survival and characteristics of patients with cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) in a tertiary oncology centre in Uganda. Methods We performed a retrospective study on patients with CAT at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) using a homogenous purposive sampling method. Results One hundred and eleven patients with documented VTE were included in the analysis. At entry, the mean age was 52.4 years, and 69 were female. Ninety eight had deep venous thrombosis, while 12 had pulmonary embolism. The most common cancer diagnoses were haematologic (30), gynaecologic (20) and prostate (17) cancers. Treatment regimens included anticoagulation with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (72) and combined LMWH with warfarin (22). The median overall survival (OS) was 6.3 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 41.5%. Patients with significantly increased hazard of mortality were those with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies, colorectal and breast cancers. Patients with a body mass index of 25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) had a slightly reduced hazard of mortality. Conclusion The OS of patients with CAT at the UCI is short. Most patients with CAT presented with advanced stage cancers and at a relatively young age. Patients with UGI, colorectal and breast cancers had increased hazards of mortality, whereas those who were overweight had a slight reduction in the hazard of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement D Okello
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yusuf Mulumba
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abrahams Omoding
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Ddungu
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jackson Orem
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Upper Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
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