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Xie L, Da Q, Huang J, Peng Z, Li L. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Different Types of School Bullying before and during COVID-19 in Shantou City, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032103. [PMID: 36767470 PMCID: PMC9915210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had serious wide-ranging effects on academic, occupational and other daily activities. Like other types of institutions, schools are facing unprecedented challenges. Students may face a variety of adverse consequences, including sleep disturbances and school bullying, if they are unable to adjust to the current learning and living environment. This study explored the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on school bullying. METHODS A total of 5782 middle school students were enrolled in this multi-stage, cross-sectional study (3071 before and 2711 during the pandemic). The pre-pandemic group had a mean age of 14.9 ± 1.73, the pandemic group of 14.75 ± 1.47. Three models were set up using binary logistic regression to adjust for confounding variables (gender, school type, alcohol consumption, smoking, playing violent video games). RESULTS All types of bullying victimization and perpetration (physical, verbal, social and property bullying) were more common during the pandemic than before the pandemic. In terms of bullying victimization, property bullying victimization (crude odds ratio [OR]: 2.398, 95% CI: 2.014-2.854, p < 0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.344, 95% CI: 1.966-2.795, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR: 2.818, 95% CI: 2.292-3.464, p < 0.001) increased the most. In terms of bullying perpetration, verbal bullying perpetration (crude OR: 3.007, 95% CI: 2.448-3.693, p <0.001; model 2 adjusted OR: 2.954, 95% CI: 2.399-3.637, p < 0.001; model 3 adjusted OR:3.345, 95% CI: 2.703-4.139, p < 0.001) increased the most. CONCLUSION This study corroborate the significance of the pandemic on traditional school bullying and suggests that we should further consider other types of bullying and establish and improve the response and prevention mechanisms during public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingchen Da
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510799, China
| | - Zhekuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Correspondence:
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2
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Kretschmer T, la Roi C, van der Ploeg R, Veenstra R. Benefits of Bullying? A Test of the Evolutionary Hypothesis in Three Cohorts. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:1178-1193. [PMID: 34448280 PMCID: PMC9545478 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent work on bullying perpetration includes the hypothesis that bullying carries an evolutionary advantage for perpetrators in terms of health and reproductive success. We tested this hypothesis in the National Child Development Study (n = 4998 male, n = 4831 female), British Cohort Study 1970 (n = 4261 male, n = 4432 female), and TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (n = 486 male, n = 521 female), where bullying was assessed in adolescence (NCDS, BCS70: age 16, TRAILS: age 14) and outcomes in adulthood. Partial support for the evolutionary hypothesis was found as bullies had more children in NCDS and engaged in sexual intercourse earlier in TRAILS. In contrast, bullies reported worse health in NCDS and BCS70.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaïm la Roi
- Institute for Future Studies & Swedish Institute for Social Research
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3
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Lassek WD, Gaulin SJC. Substantial but Misunderstood Human Sexual Dimorphism Results Mainly From Sexual Selection on Males and Natural Selection on Females. Front Psychol 2022; 13:859931. [PMID: 35664212 PMCID: PMC9156798 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.859931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human sexual dimorphism has been widely misunderstood. A large literature has underestimated the effect of differences in body composition and the role of male contest competition for mates. It is often assumed that sexually dimorphic traits reflect a history of sexual selection, but natural selection frequently builds different phenotypes in males and females. The relatively small sex difference in stature (∼7%) and its decrease during human evolution have been widely presumed to indicate decreased male contest competition for mates. However, females likely increased in stature relative to males in order to successfully deliver large-brained neonates through a bipedally-adapted pelvis. Despite the relatively small differences in stature and body mass (∼16%), there are marked sex differences in body composition. Across multiple samples from groups with different nutrition, males typically have 36% more lean body mass, 65% more muscle mass, and 72% more arm muscle than women, yielding parallel sex differences in strength. These sex differences in muscle and strength are comparable to those seen in primates where sexual selection, arising from aggressive male mating competition, has produced high levels of dimorphism. Body fat percentage shows a reverse pattern, with females having ∼1.6 times more than males and depositing that fat in different body regions than males. We argue that these sex differences in adipose arise mainly from natural selection on women to accumulate neurodevelopmental resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J. C. Gaulin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
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4
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Dane AV, Lapierre KR, Andrews NCZ, Volk AA. Evolutionarily relevant aggressive functions: Differentiating competitive, impression management, sadistic and reactive motives. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:331-340. [PMID: 35088903 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated early adolescents' (ages 9-14; M = 11.91) self-reported, evolutionarily relevant motives for using aggression, including competitive, impression management, sadistic, and reactive functions, and examined differential relations with a range of psychosocial characteristics. As expected, competitive functions were associated with aggression and victimization in which the perpetrator had equal or less power than the victim, in line with the view that these are aversive and appetitive motives related to competition with rivals. Impression management and sadistic functions were associated with bullying and coercive resource control strategies (the latter for boys only), consistent with expectations that these are appetitive motives, with the former being more goal-directed and the latter somewhat more impulsive. Finally, as hypothesized, reactive functions were associated with emotional symptoms, hostility, victimization by bullying, and aggression by perpetrators with equal or less power than the victim, consistent with theory and research conceptualizing reactive aggression as an impulsive, emotion-driven response to provocation. The benefits of studying a wide range of evolutionarily relevant aggressive functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Dane
- Department of Psychology Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Kiana R. Lapierre
- Department of Psychology Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Naomi C. Z. Andrews
- Department of Child and Youth Studies Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony A. Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies Brock University St. Catharines Ontario Canada
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5
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Lapierre KR, Dane AV. Evolutionary Functions of Cyber and Traditional Forms of Aggression in Adolescence. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-021-00297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Zych I, Viejo C, Vila E, Farrington DP. School Bullying and Dating Violence in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:397-412. [PMID: 31185827 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019854460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Involvement in bullying perpetration or victimization could be risk factors for perpetration or victimization in early romantic relationships that emerge within an evolving peer group. Nevertheless, research on this topic is still in its early stages. This study was conducted to fill these gaps in knowledge through a comprehensive research synthesis. After systematic searches and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 projects that reported relations between bullying (perpetration and victimization) and dating violence (perpetration and victimization) were included in this meta-analysis. Bullying perpetration was related to dating violence perpetration (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98), and this relation held after adjusting for covariates (OR = 1.29). Moderator analyses showed that this effect was significant for males and females and stronger in cross-sectional studies. There was also a significant relation between bullying perpetration and dating violence victimization (OR = 2.59), but this was much weaker after controlling for covariates (OR = 1.09) and stronger for males and in longitudinal studies. Bullying victimization was related to dating violence victimization (OR = 2.51), also after adjusting for covariates (OR = 1.96), stronger for females and longitudinal projects. The relation between bullying victimization and dating violence perpetration was not statistically significant (unadjusted OR = 1.43, adjusted OR = 1.01). More research is needed to confirm these results, but this meta-analysis suggests that bullying and dating violence could be different behavioral manifestations, in different evolutionary moments and in different contexts, of the same underlying antisocial or violent dispositions, although longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this. Tailored and comprehensive interventions could be useful to tackle both problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Vila
- 16735Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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7
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Couturiaux DVR, Young H, Anthony RE, Page N, Lowthian E, Melendez-Torres GJ, Hewitt G, Moore GF. Risk Behaviours Associated with Dating and Relationship Violence among 11-16 Year Olds in Wales: Results from the 2019 Student Health and Wellbeing Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031192. [PMID: 33572756 PMCID: PMC7908341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examines the associations between risk behaviours and adolescent emotional and physical dating and relationship violence (DRV) victimisation and perpetration, and how these vary by gender. The risk behaviours explored include bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, alcohol, and cannabis use; (2) Methods: Cross-sectional self-report data from the School Health Research Network (SHRN) 2019 Student Health Wellbeing (SHW) survey of 48,397 students aged 11–16 from 149 schools across Wales were analysed using single and multiple-behaviour logistic regression models to explore the associations between each risk behaviour and emotional and physical DRV victimisation and perpetration; (3) Results: Bivariate analyses revealed a statistically significant association between DRV and all risk behaviours. In multivariate analyses, students who reported bullying, cyberbullying, sexting, and substance use, compared to those that had not, had significantly higher odds of experiencing and perpetrating emotional and physical DRV; and (4) Conclusions: Future studies on DRV should consider a mixed-methods approach to explore the context in which DRV and risk behaviours interrelate. Results from this study indicate the possibility that prevention and intervention programmes in school settings that seek to develop healthy school environments and peer-to-peer relationships, could inadvertently reduce the occurrence of future DRV and associated risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V. R. Couturiaux
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.R.C.); (R.E.A.)
| | - Honor Young
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Rebecca E. Anthony
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.V.R.C.); (R.E.A.)
| | - Nicholas Page
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - G. J. Melendez-Torres
- College of Medicine and Health, South Cloisters, St Luke’s Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK;
| | - Gillian Hewitt
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
| | - Graham F. Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1–3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK; (H.Y.); (N.P.); (E.L.); (G.H.); (G.F.M.)
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8
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Social advantages and disadvantages associated with cyber aggression-victimization: A latent class analysis. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Cooperative Versus Coercive Dominance Strategies: Relations with the Environment and Personality. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-020-00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Roques M, Laimou D, Camps FD, Mazoyer AV, El Husseini M. Using a Mixed-Methods Approach to Analyze Traumatic Experiences and Factors of Vulnerability Among Adolescent Victims of Bullying. Front Psychiatry 2020; 10:890. [PMID: 31998147 PMCID: PMC6968125 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have analyzed the bullying phenomenon among adolescent victims. Relatively few studies, however, have specifically addressed the associated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our clinical practice and therapeutic encounters with adolescents reveal that the majority of bullied adolescents suffer from high levels of PTSD. The objective of this study is to further explore bullied adolescents' traumatic experiences. In an attempt to analyze these experiences, this article presents a mixed-methods approach. Such an approach will allow to analyze the PTSD that results from bullying as well as subjects' psychic and family-relevant vulnerabilities. First, bullying will be defined in the context of adolescence. Then the main studies on bullying will be presented. The objectives, tools and methods of analysis will be presented. The interviews will be analyzed according to the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method. Projective tools, family drawings, Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), will be analyzed using a psychoanalytic interpretation method. Each qualitative tool will be used alongside a validated quantitative tool. The Clinical Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-CA-5 questionnaire) and the interviews conducted will thus allow to analyze PTSD and traumatic experiences. The Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the family drawing test will enable to assess family functioning; lastly, the Symptom Check List (SCL-90) that will be used alongside Rorschach and TAT tests will allow to analyze individual psychological vulnerabilities. This approach will increase data validity. The originality of this research study is based on a mixed-methods approach, our methodology which is based on clinical psychology, and the choice of certain research tools which have received little attention to date. Ultimately, this study may help improve how bullying is identified and could contribute toward the reinforcement or revision of the criteria that characterize bullying. Lastly, it may help us explore various unexamined dimensions of bullying. A possible limitation is the complexity associated with such a protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Roques
- LPCN laboratory of psychology of Caen Normandy - EA7452 - MRSH, University of Caen Normandy, Caen, France
- Service de psychiatrie de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Dimitra Laimou
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHSSC EA 4289, Amiens, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité LPCP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - François-David Camps
- Centre de Recherche en Psychopathologie et Psychologie Clinique (C.R.P.P.C.), Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Valérie Mazoyer
- LCPI laboratoire cliniques pathologique et interculturelle, Université de Toulouse 2, Toulouse, France
| | - Mayssa’ El Husseini
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CHSSC EA 4289, Amiens, France
- CESP, Faculté de médecine - Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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11
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Farrell AH, Vaillancourt T. Bullying Perpetration and Narcissistic Personality Traits across Adolescence: Joint Trajectories and Childhood Risk Factors. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:483229. [PMID: 33240113 PMCID: PMC7683415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.483229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although there is some evidence on the longitudinal associations between bullying perpetration and narcissistic personality traits, their joint developmental trajectories across early to late adolescence are largely unknown. Accordingly, we examined the co-development of bullying perpetration and narcissistic personality traits across adolescence and examined the childhood predictors of these joint trajectories. Method: Self-reports of bullying and narcissistic personality traits were assessed across 6 years of adolescence from Grade 7 (i.e., age 13) to Grade 12 (i.e., age 18) in a sample of 616 Canadian adolescents and childhood predictors were assessed in Grades 5 and 6. Results: As predicted, latent class growth analyses demonstrated that most adolescents were reflected in a trajectory of low decreasing bullying (82.0%) and a smaller group followed a moderate stable trajectory of bullying (18.0%). The majority of adolescents followed a moderate stable trajectory of narcissistic traits (56.3%), followed by a high increasing trajectory of narcissistic traits (22.8%), and a low decreasing trajectory of narcissistic traits (20.9%). Six percent of adolescents followed a high-risk dual trajectory of moderate stable bullying and high increasing narcissistic traits (high-risk group). Also as predicted, higher hyperactivity, higher frustration, and lower anxiety in childhood differentiated the high-risk group from a low-risk group (low decreasing bullying and low decreasing narcissistic traits; 19.0%). Higher childhood hyperactivity also differentiated a group of adolescents who followed a trajectory of moderate stable bullying and moderate stable narcissistic traits (10.0%) from the low-risk group. Results showed that moderate stable bullying was a better indicator of high increasing and moderate stable trajectories of narcissistic personality traits than the reverse. Conclusions: Findings suggest adolescence is a time when personality and bullying reflect dynamic and heterogeneous development. Early intervention of childhood risk factors may help prevent a high-risk developmental course of bullying and narcissistic personality traits across adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann H Farrell
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Lapierre KR, Dane AV. Cyberbullying, cyber aggression, and cyber victimization in relation to adolescents' dating and sexual behavior: An evolutionary perspective. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:49-59. [PMID: 31463960 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined adolescents' cyberbullying, cyber aggression, and cyber victimization from an evolutionary perspective, extending previous research showing that traditional forms of bullying, aggression, and victimization are associated with reproductively relevant outcomes. Consistent with hypotheses based on theory and research linking bullying and aggression to intrasexual competition for mates, results indicated that cyber victimization was positively associated with a number of dating and sexual partners. Findings for cyber aggression were more complex, depending on the degree of cyber victimization experienced by the perpetrator, and the balance of power between the perpetrator and victim. Specifically, nonbullying cyber aggression by perpetrators with equal or less power than the victim had stronger positive relations with the number of dating or sexual partners when perpetrators experienced a high level of cyber victimhood. In contrast, cyberbullying by perpetrators with more power than the victim was negatively associated with the number of dating partners when the perpetrators' exposure to cyber victimization was low. Although cyber aggression and cyber victimization are new forms of aggression that involve the use of modern electronic devices, the results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of viewing this behavior from an evolutionary perspective and show that adolescents are likely to use cyber aggression against rivals in the context of intrasexual competition for mates.
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13
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Le harcèlement chez les adolescents victimes : méthodologie d’une recherche internationale. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Adhia A, Gordon AR, Roberts AL, Fitzmaurice GM, Hemenway D, Austin SB. Longitudinal Associations Between Bullying and Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescents and Young Adults. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:1011-1029. [PMID: 31836648 PMCID: PMC7462098 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed longitudinal associations between bullying and intimate partner violence (IPV) among adolescents and young adults in a U.S.-based cohort study. Participants (N = 5,279) reported past-year bullying when they were 14-20 years old and reported lifetime experiences of IPV when they were 20-27 years old. The results indicate that participants reporting being bullied more than twice were at elevated risk of IPV victimization compared to participants reporting no bullying victimization, adjusting for bullying perpetration and covariates. Participants reporting bullying others once or more were at elevated risk of IPV perpetration compared to participants reporting no bullying perpetration, adjusting for bullying victimization and covariates. There was no evidence that the associations differed by gender. Results suggest that adolescents carry forward behaviors from their peer relationships to their dating relationships. Findings may have implications for school-based programs, which should explicitly integrate IPV prevention into bullying prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allegra R Gordon
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Garrett M Fitzmaurice
- Laboratory for Psychiatric Biostatistics, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Hemenway
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Wilkins NJ, Zhang X, Mack KA, Clapperton AJ, Macpherson A, Sleet D, Kresnow-Sedacca MJ, Ballesteros MF, Newton D, Murdoch J, Mackay JM, Berecki-Gisolf J, Marr A, Armstead T, McClure R. Societal determinants of violent death: The extent to which social, economic, and structural characteristics explain differences in violence across Australia, Canada, and the United States. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100431. [PMID: 31372487 PMCID: PMC6660557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this ecological study, we attempt to quantify the extent to which differences in homicide and suicide death rates between three countries, and among states/provinces within those countries, may be explained by differences in their social, economic, and structural characteristics. We examine the relationship between state/province level measures of societal risk factors and state/province level rates of violent death (homicide and suicide) across Australia, Canada, and the United States. Census and mortality data from each of these three countries were used. Rates of societal level characteristics were assessed and included residential instability, self-employment, income inequality, gender economic inequity, economic stress, alcohol outlet density, and employment opportunities). Residential instability, self-employment, and income inequality were associated with rates of both homicide and suicide and gender economic inequity was associated with rates of suicide only. This study opens lines of inquiry around what contributes to the overall burden of violence-related injuries in societies and provides preliminary findings on potential societal characteristics that are associated with differences in injury and violence rates across populations. This study opens lines of inquiry around what contributes to the overall burden of violence-related injuries in societies. Differences in homicide and suicide death between and within countries may be explained by social, economic, and structural characteristics. Residential instability, self-employment, and income inequality were associated with rates of both homicide and suicide. Gender economic inequity was associated with rates of suicide only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Wilkins
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Karin A Mack
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Angela J Clapperton
- Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit / Monash University Accident Research Centre, Level 3, Building 70, Clayton Campus 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC, 2800, Australia
| | - Alison Macpherson
- York University, 337 Norman Bethune College - BC Keele Campus, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David Sleet
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Marcie-Jo Kresnow-Sedacca
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Michael F Ballesteros
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Donovan Newton
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - James Murdoch
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - J Morag Mackay
- Safe Kids Worldwide, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20004, United States
| | - Janneke Berecki-Gisolf
- Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit / Monash University Accident Research Centre, Level 3, Building 70, Clayton Campus 21 Alliance Lane, Monash University, VIC, 2800, Australia
| | - Angela Marr
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Theresa Armstead
- U.S. Center for Disease Control & Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, United States
| | - Roderick McClure
- University of New England, School of Rural Medicine, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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McComb SE, Dane AV. Evolutionary Psychological Perspective on Peer Victimization: Relations with Attachment Security and Dating and Sexual History. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-018-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Farrell AH, Vaillancourt T. Temperament, Bullying, and Dating Aggression: Longitudinal Associations for Adolescents in a Romantic Relationship. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 17:1474704919847450. [PMID: 31068008 PMCID: PMC10481120 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919847450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent bullying perpetration has previously been associated with dating benefits and costs in the short- and long-term, yet it is unclear how early temperament traits facilitate these associations. Therefore, the developmental pathways from temperament in early adolescence to bullying perpetration in middle adolescence and to dating outcomes in late adolescence were examined. Participants included 463 individuals who completed self-report measures on temperament traits at age 12, bullying perpetration at age 14, dating outcomes at age 19, and were in a romantic relationship at age 19. Findings from a path analysis revealed that an early adolescent temperament trait reflecting difficulty with self-regulation (i.e., lower inhibitory control) was associated with middle adolescent bullying perpetration and bullying perpetration was associated with late adolescent dating benefits (i.e., more dating partners) and costs (i.e., higher dating aggression perpetration). Lower inhibitory control also had significant indirect associations to the late adolescent dating outcomes through middle adolescent bullying perpetration. Findings suggest that although a temperament trait can facilitate adaptive dating outcomes through bullying, it can also come at a cost for romantic relationships. Results highlight the importance of early tailoring of bullying interventions to the self-regulatory difficulties of youth to prevent adverse long-term outcomes and to also recognize the challenges of developing interventions for behavior that can result in benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann H. Farrell
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Cascardi M, King CM, Rector D, DelPozzo J. School-Based Bullying and Teen Dating Violence Prevention Laws: Overlapping or Distinct? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:3267-3297. [PMID: 30253722 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518798357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The most recent legislative attempts to curb violence in schools have been school-based dating violence prevention laws. In the previous decade, there was an increase in legislation designed to prevent bullying in schools; these laws now exist in 50 states. However, most anti-bullying laws provide an expansive definition of bullying that includes any type of peer aggression, harassment, or teen dating violence (TDV). Having several different state and federal laws aimed at curtailing multiple forms of aggression may produce confusion about appropriate intervention and disciplinary responses, requiring school districts to develop parallel sets of policies, educational curricula, intervention approaches, and reporting requirements for overlapping behaviors that can be simultaneously peer aggression, bullying, harassment, and TDV. We conducted a systematic search of applicable laws and systematically coded those we identified for relevant content (i.e., definitions, covered locales, protected groups, and personnel, procedural, preventive, and disclosure elements). Anti-bullying laws were typically more detailed than dating violence laws. TDV laws were more likely to target TDV and control intimate behavior and to provide for education about healthy relationships. Both types of laws often mandated trainings; specified reportable behaviors; discussed sanctions, recommendations, and interventions; and mentioned counseling, specially trained staff persons, or designated specialists. Both anti-bullying and TDV laws also sometimes directed reporting of aggregate incident rates and impacts of prevention efforts. Neither type of law tended to specify school and community resources or prevention approaches. Results inform discussion of the merits of different approaches to school-based violence prevention laws.
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Lee KS, Brittain H, Vaillancourt T. Predicting dating behavior from aggression and self-perceived social status in adolescence. Aggress Behav 2018. [PMID: 29537651 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the longitudinal associations between self-reported aggression, self-perceived social status, and dating in adolescence using an intrasexual competition theoretical framework. Participants consisted of 536 students in Grade 9 (age 15), recruited from a community sample, who were assessed on a yearly basis until they were in Grade 11 (age 17). Adolescents self-reported their use of direct and indirect aggression, social status, and number of dating partners. A cross-lagged panel model that controlled for within-time covariance and across-time stability while examining cross-lagged pathways was used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that direct aggression did not predict dating behavior and was negatively associated with self-perceived social status in Grade 10. Self-perceived social status in Grade 9 was positively associated with greater use of indirect aggression in Grade 10. Regarding dating, in Grade 9, self-perceived social status positively predicted more dating partners the following year, while in Grade 10, it was higher levels of indirect aggression that predicted greater dating activity the following year. Overall, there were no significant sex differences in the model. The study supports the utility of evolutionary psychological theory in explaining peer aggression, and suggests that although social status can increase dating opportunities, as adolescents mature, indirect aggression becomes the most successful and strategic means of competing intrasexually and gaining mating advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty S. Lee
- Counselling PsychologyFaculty of EducationUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Heather Brittain
- Counselling PsychologyFaculty of EducationUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling PsychologyFaculty of EducationUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
- Faculty of Social SciencesSchool of PsychologyUniversity of OttawaOntarioCanada
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Zhu Y, Chan KL, Chen J. Bullying Victimization Among Chinese Middle School Students: The Role of Family Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2018; 33:1958-1977. [PMID: 26712355 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515621082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study used the data from a representative sample to investigate the association between family violence (FV) and child bullying victimization (BV) in Xi'an city, China. Data on social demographic information and the prevalence of BV and FV were collected from a randomly selected sample with 3,175 middle school students aged 15 to 17 by self-administrated questionnaires. Results show that 55.9% and 30.3% of the participants have witnessed intimate partner violence (IPV), 37.7% and 30.8% have been victims of child abuse, and 54.9% and 44.6% have been bullied in a lifetime and in the preceding year, respectively. The lifetime and preceding-year co-occurrence rate of FV and BV are 45% and 30.4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions confirm FV as a unique risk factor in predicting both direct and relational BV after controlling for a number of confounding factors. This study suggests that FV experiences should be included in the screening and assessment of risk for child BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhu
- 1 Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ko Ling Chan
- 2 The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- 3 School of Social Welfare, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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21
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School climate and physical adolescent relationship abuse: Differences by sex, socioeconomic status, and bullying. J Adolesc 2018; 66:71-82. [PMID: 29783104 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the association between school climate and adolescent relationship abuse (ARA). We used 2011-2012 data from surveys of California public school students (in the United States of America) who were in a dating relationship in the last year (n = 112 378) to quantify the association between different school climate constructs and physical ARA. Fifty-two percent of students were female, and all students were in 9th or 11th grade (approximately ages 14-17). Over 11% of students reported experiencing physical ARA in the last year. Increased school connectedness, meaningful opportunities for participation, perceived safety, and caring relationships with adults at school were each significantly associated with lower odds of physical ARA. Increased violence victimization and school-level bullying victimization were associated with higher odds of physical ARA. These school climate-ARA associations were significantly moderated by student sex, school socioeconomic status, and school-level bullying victimization. School climate interventions may have spillover benefits for ARA prevention.
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Abstract
The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) model seeks to address the root causes of gender violence using a bystander approach and leadership training to challenge structures of patriarchy. Emerging research on adolescent relationship abuse and sexual violence points to key modifiable targets-transforming gender norms, addressing homophobia, integrating with comprehensive sexuality education, and acknowledging the needs of youth already exposed to violence. A social justice-based bystander approach such as the MVP model should be part of a multi-level approach to sexual violence prevention that addresses gender and power, encourages healthy sexuality conversations, and provides safety and support for survivors.
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Okumu M, Mengo C, Ombayo B, Small E. Bullying and HIV Risk Among High School Teenagers: The Mediating Role of Teen Dating Violence. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:743-750. [PMID: 28876474 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teen dating violence (TDV), bullying, and HIV risk behaviors are public health concerns that impact adolescents in the United States. National estimates reveal high rates of these risk behaviors among high school students. Based on theoretical and empirical evidence, we hypothesized that experiencing teen dating violence (sexual and physical) would mediate the impact of bullying on HIV risk. METHODS Data were from the 2013 National Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance Survey (YRBSS) among students who answered questions on bullying, TDV, and HIV risk (N = 13,571). The YRBSS is conducted biennially among 9th- to 12th-grade students nationally. We used multiple regression analysis and Hayes' SPSS process macro to examine the 2 study hypotheses. RESULTS Findings from bivariate analysis suggest an association between bullying and HIV risk. The study also found associations between physical, sexual teen dating violence and HIV risk. Results also indicate that both physical and sexual teen dating violence mediate the association between bullying and HIV risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that multidimensional interventions should be developed to reduce the rate of teen dating violence and combat bullying as a preventative method for HIV risk among high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Okumu
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Cecilia Mengo
- The Ohio State University, 1947 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Bernadette Ombayo
- University of Texas, Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Bldg. A, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Eusebius Small
- University of Texas, Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St., Bldg. A, Arlington, TX 76019
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Dane AV, Marini ZA, Volk AA, Vaillancourt T. Physical and relational bullying and victimization: Differential relations with adolescent dating and sexual behavior. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:111-122. [PMID: 27747889 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Taking an evolutionary psychological perspective, we investigated whether involvement in bullying as a perpetrator or victim was more likely if adolescents reported having more dating and sexual partners than their peers, an indication of greater engagement in competition for mates. A total of 334 adolescents (173 boys, 160 girls) between the ages of 12 and 16 years (M = 13.6, SD = 1.3), recruited from community youth organizations, completed self-report measures of physical and relational bullying and victimization, as well as dating and sexual behavior. As predicted, pure physical bullying was positively associated with the number of dating and sexual partners, primarily for adolescent boys. Adolescent girls with more dating partners had greater odds of being relational bully-victims, in line with predictions. Finally, adolescent girls with more sexual partners were at greater risk of being physically victimized by peers, and greater involvement with dating and sexual partners was associated with higher odds of being a physical bully-victim. Results are discussed with respect to evolutionary theory and research in which adolescent boys may display strength and athleticism through physical bullying to facilitate intersexual selection, whereas relational bullying may be employed as a strategy to engage in intrasexual competition with rivals for mates. Aggr. Behav. 43:111-122, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Dane
- Department of Psychology; Brock University; St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Zopito A. Marini
- Department of Child and Youth Studies; Brock University; St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Anthony A. Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies; Brock University; St. Catharines Ontario Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education and School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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25
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Peters ZJ, Hatzenbuehler ML, Davidson LL. Examining the Intersection of Bullying and Physical Relationship Violence Among New York City High School Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:49-75. [PMID: 25952291 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515585532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Research is just beginning to explore the intersection of bullying and relationship violence. The relationship between these forms of youth aggression has yet to be examined in diverse urban centers, including New York City (NYC). This study seeks to identify intersections of joint victimization from bullying and electronic bullying (e-bullying) with physical relationship violence (pRV). This study examines data from the NYC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a representative sample of NYC public high school students, to assess the concurrent victimization from bullying at school and e-bullying with pRV, operationalized as physical violence by a dating partner in the past 12 months. Students who reported being bullied at school and e-bullied had increased odds (bullied: OR = 2.5, 95% CI [2.1, 2.9]; e-bullied: OR = 3.0, 95% CI [2.6, 3.5]) of also being victimized by pRV compared with those who did not report being bullied or e-bullied. In logistic regression models, being bullied at school and being e-bullied remained significant predictors of students' odds of reporting pRV (bullied: AOR = 2.6, 95% CI [2.2, 3.1]; e-bullied: AOR = 3.0, 95% CI [2.5, 3.6]) while controlling for race, gender, sexual orientation, and age. This research is the first to assess the intersection of victimization from bullying and e-bullying with pRV in a large, diverse, random sample of urban high school students. In this sample, students who report being bullied or e-bullied are more likely also to report pRV than students who have not been bullied or e-bullied. This research has potential implications for educators, adolescent health and social service providers, and policy makers to tailor programs and enact policies that jointly address bullying and pRV. Future studies are needed to longitudinally assess both victimization from and perpetration of bullying and pRV.
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Casey EA, Lindhorst T, Storer HL. The Situational-Cognitive Model of Adolescent Bystander Behavior: Modeling Bystander Decision-Making in the Context of Bullying and Teen Dating Violence. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2017; 7:33-44. [PMID: 33884221 PMCID: PMC8057727 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the proliferation of bystander approaches to prevent aggression among youth, theoretical models of violence-related bystander decision making are underdeveloped, particularly among adolescents. The purpose of this research was to examine the utility of 2 theories, the Situational Model of Bystander behavior (SMB) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), for identifying mechanisms underlying adolescent bystander behavior in the context of bullying and teen dating violence (TDV). METHOD Data were collected via face to face (local) and online (national) focus groups with 113 U.S. adolescents aged 14-18 and were subsequently analyzed using deductive and inductive coding methods. RESULTS Youth endorsed beliefs consistent with both the SMB and TPB and with additional constructs not captured by either theory. Adolescents reported a higher proportion of barriers relative to facilitators to taking action, with perceptions of peer norms and social consequences foremost among their concerns. Many influences on bystander behavior were similar across TDV and bullying. IMPLICATIONS Findings are organized into the proposed Situational-Cognitive Model of Adolescent Bystander Behavior, which synthesizes the SMB and TPB, and supports the tailoring of bystander interventions. For teens, intervening is a decision about whether and how to navigate potential social consequences of taking action that unfold over time; intervention approaches must assess and acknowledge these concerns.
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27
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Van Ouytsel J, Torres E, Choi HJ, Ponnet K, Walrave M, Temple JR. The Associations Between Substance Use, Sexual Behaviors, Bullying, Deviant Behaviors, Health, and Cyber Dating Abuse Perpetration. J Sch Nurs 2016; 33:116-122. [PMID: 28288554 DOI: 10.1177/1059840516683229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dating violence is an important public health concern and is considered to be a form of school violence. While digital technologies have enabled perpetrators of dating violence to target their victims online (cyber dating abuse), little is known about how this form of perpetration relates to specific adolescent risk behaviors. This brief research report focuses on the associations between substance use, sexual behaviors, deviant behaviors, self-reported health, and cyber dating abuse perpetration. Participants included 705 ethnically diverse adolescents ( n = 408; 57.9% female) in Southeast Texas. Having had sexual intercourse or using alcohol or drugs before having sex was significantly linked with cyber dating abuse perpetration, as was poor physical health, and substance use. Consistent with limited research, we found a link between cyber dating abuse and engagement in bullying behaviors. The discussion section includes suggestions for school nurse practice and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Van Ouytsel
- 1 Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,2 Department of Ob/Gyn, UTMB Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hye Jeong Choi
- 3 Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Koen Ponnet
- 1 Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,4 Department of Communication Studies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Faculty of Law, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,6 Antwerp Maritime Academy, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Walrave
- 1 Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeff R Temple
- 2 Department of Ob/Gyn, UTMB Health, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ellis BJ, Volk AA, Gonzalez JM, Embry DD. The Meaningful Roles Intervention: An Evolutionary Approach to Reducing Bullying and Increasing Prosocial Behavior. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:622-637. [PMID: 28453200 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bullying is a problem that affects adolescents worldwide. Efforts to prevent bullying have been moderately successful at best, or iatrogenic at worst. We offer an explanation for this limited success by employing an evolutionary-psychological perspective to analyze antibullying interventions. We argue that bullying is a goal-directed behavior that is sensitive to benefits as well as costs, and that interventions must address these benefits. This perspective led us to develop a novel antibullying intervention, Meaningful Roles, which offers bullies prosocial alternatives-meaningful roles and responsibilities implemented through a school jobs program and reinforced through peer-to-peer praise notes-that effectively meet the same status goals as bullying behavior. We describe this new intervention and how its theoretical evolutionary roots may be applicable to other intervention programs.
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29
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Cutbush S, Williams J. Teen Dating Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Bullying Among Middle School Youth: Examining Measurement Invariance by Gender. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:918-926. [PMID: 28453195 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated measurement invariance by gender among commonly used teen dating violence (TDV), sexual harassment, and bullying measures. Data were collected from one cohort of seventh-grade middle school students (N = 754) from four schools. Using structural equation modeling, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses assessed measurement models and tested measurement invariance by gender for aggression measures. Analyses invoked baseline data only. Physical and psychological TDV perpetration measures achieved strict measurement invariance, while bullying perpetration demonstrated partial strict invariance. Electronic TDV and sexual harassment perpetration achieved metric/scalar invariance. Study findings lend validation to prior and future studies using these measures with similar populations. Future research should increase attention to measurement development, refinement, and testing among study measures.
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Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predicts Intimate Partner Victimization in Young Women. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 44:155-66. [PMID: 25663589 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-9984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with interpersonal dysfunction during childhood and adolescence, yet little is known about the romantic relationships of young women with childhood ADHD. In the present study, we draw from a longitudinal sample of girls followed prospectively into young adulthood, comparing those with (n = 114) and without (n = 79; comparisons) childhood ADHD in terms of their risk for physical victimization by an intimate partner (physical IPV; e.g., slapping, punching) by 17-24 years of age. We examined ADHD both diagnostically and dimensionally, at the same time establishing reliable indicators of young adult physical IPV. Externalizing and internalizing problems, and academic achievement during adolescence, were tested as potential mediators. Overall, participants with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD experienced more physical IPV than did comparisons (30.7% vs. 6.3%). In parallel, IPV was associated with higher levels of childhood ADHD symptomatology (d = 0.73). Young women with persistent ADHD stood the highest risk of experiencing IPV (37.3%), followed by those with transient ADHD (19.0%) and those never-diagnosed (5.9%). Academic achievement measured during adolescence was a significant partial mediator of the childhood ADHD symptomatology-young adult IPV relationship, even with control of sociodemographic, psychiatric, and cognitive factors, including childhood reading and math disorders. Findings indicate that in young women, childhood ADHD is a specific and important predictor of physically violent victimization in their intimate relationships. This vulnerable population requires IPV prevention and intervention, with academic empowerment as a key target.
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Goncy EA, Farrell AD, Sullivan TN, Taylor KA. Measurement of Dating Aggression During Middle School: Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Distinction From General Aggression. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:509-523. [PMID: 28581660 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two studies examined the factor structure of a modified version of the Safe Dates dating aggression scale and evaluated whether dating aggression is distinct from general aggression during early adolescence. Analyses were conducted on a derivation sample of 3,894 adolescents from 37 schools (Study 1) and an independent cross-validation sample of 938 middle school youth (Study 2). Categorical confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor model (perpetration and victimization) over models differentiating psychological and physical forms of aggression. The model was invariant across time, sex, grade, and season. Study 2 also supported dating aggression as distinct from general aggression. Results supported measuring dating aggression perpetration and victimization as latent constructs represented by ordered categorical indicators that capture item severity and frequency.
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Teen Dating Violence, Sexual Harassment, and Bullying Among Middle School Students: Examining Mediation and Moderated Mediation by Gender. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:1024-1033. [DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vivolo-Kantor AM, Olsen EO, Bacon S. Associations of Teen Dating Violence Victimization With School Violence and Bullying Among US High School Students. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2016; 86:620-7. [PMID: 27374352 PMCID: PMC5022554 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teen dating violence (TDV) negatively impacts health, mental and physical well-being, and school performance. METHODS Data from a nationally representative sample of high school students participating in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) are used to demonstrate associations of physical and sexual TDV with school violence-related experiences and behaviors, including bullying victimization. Bivariate and adjusted sex-stratified regressions assessed relationships between TDV and school violence-related experiences and behaviors. RESULTS Compared to students not reporting TDV, those experiencing both physical and sexual TDV were more likely to report carrying a weapon at school, missing school because they felt unsafe, being threatened or injured with a weapon on school property, having a physical fight at school, and being bullied on school property. CONCLUSIONS School-based prevention efforts should target multiple forms of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Violence Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS-F64, Atlanta, GA 30341.
| | - Emily O'Malley Olsen
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of Adolescent and School Health, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E75, Atlanta, GA 30329.
| | - Sarah Bacon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS-F62, Atlanta, GA 30341.
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Land D. Teasing Apart Secondary Students' Conceptualizations of Peer Teasing, Bullying and Sexual Harassment. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034303024002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Examples of teasing, bullying and sexual harassment were collected from 147 secondary school students to determine how students distinguish among these forms of peer victimization. The inclusion of physical and sexual behaviours, references to fun/play, repetition of victimization, the number and gender of the actors, the gender of the targets, gender difference between the actors and targets and reasons for victimization were dependent upon victimization category. Few example elements were related to participants' gender or school. The results are discussed in relation to researchers' definitions of teasing, bullying and sexual harassment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Land
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Foshee VA, Benefield TS, McNaughton Reyes HL, Eastman M, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Basile KC, Ennett ST, Faris R. Examining explanations for the link between bullying perpetration and physical dating violence perpetration: Do they vary by bullying victimization? Aggress Behav 2016; 42:66-81. [PMID: 26299840 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This short-term longitudinal study examined whether the association between bullying perpetration and later physical dating violence perpetration and mediators of that association (via anger, depression, anxiety, and social status), varied depending on level of bullying victimization. Differences have been noted between those who bully but are not victims of bullying, and those who are both bullies and victims. These differences may influence dating violence risk and the explanations for why bullying leads to dating violence. Data were from dating adolescents in three rural counties who completed self-administered questionnaires in the fall semester of grades 8-10 and again in the spring semester. The sample (N = 2,414) was 44.08% male and 61.31% white. Bullying perpetration in the fall semester predicted physical dating violence perpetration in the spring semester when there was no bullying victimization, but not when there was any bullying victimization. Bullying perpetration was positively associated with anger at all levels of bullying victimization and with social status when there was no or low amounts of victimization; it was negatively associated with social status at high levels of victimization. Bullying victimization was positively associated with anger, depression, and anxiety at all levels of bullying perpetration. Anger mediated the association between bullying perpetration and dating violence, regardless of level of victimization; depression, anxiety, and social status did not mediate the association at any level of bullying victimization. The findings have implications for dating violence prevention efforts and for future research on the link between bullying and dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangie A. Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Thad S. Benefield
- Carolina Mammography Registry, Department of Radiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Heath Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Meridith Eastman
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Alana M. Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Kathleen C. Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Susan T. Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Sociology; University of California at Davis; Davis California
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Volk AA, Dane AV, Marini ZA, Vaillancourt T. Adolescent Bullying, Dating, and Mating : Testing an Evolutionary Hypothesis. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 13:1474704915613909. [PMID: 37924199 PMCID: PMC10426866 DOI: 10.1177/1474704915613909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally believed to be the result of maladaptive development, bullying perpetration is increasingly being viewed as a potentially adaptive behavior. We were interested in determining whether adolescents who bully others enjoy a key evolutionary benefit: increased dating and mating (sexual) opportunities. This hypothesis was tested in two independent samples consisting of 334 adolescents and 144 university students. The data partly supported our prediction that bullying, but not victimization, would predict dating behavior. The data for sexual behavior more clearly supported our hypothesis that bullying behavior predicts an increase in sexual opportunities even when accounting for age, sex, and self-reports of attractiveness, likeability, and peer victimization. These results are generally congruent with the hypothesis that bullying perpetration is, at least in part, an evolutionary adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Volk
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Andrew V. Dane
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Zopito A. Marini
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Tracy Vaillancourt
- Faculty of Education and School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Burk WJ, Seiffge-Krenke I. One-sided and mutually aggressive couples: Differences in attachment, conflict prevalence, and coping. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 50:254-266. [PMID: 26360706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated concurrent links between adolescent romantic couples' reports of aggression (relational and physical) and relationship functioning (e.g., attachment security, conflict prevalence, coping strategies, jealousy, and affiliative and romantic relationship quality) using a pattern-oriented approach. The sample included 194 romantic partner dyads (Mage=16.99 years for females and Mage=18.41 years for males). A hierarchical cluster analysis identified five distinct subgroups of dyads based on male and female reports of relational and physical aggression, ranging from nonaggressive couples (42%), to those characterized by aggressive females (18%), aggressive males (14%), physically aggressive females (20%), and mutually aggressive females and males (6%). Clusters in which one partner was perceived as either relationally or physically aggressive were characterized by higher rates of conflict, less adaptive coping, and more jealousy (particularly in males). The mutually aggressive couples showed the least adaptive relationship functioning, with high rates of conflict, a deficit in reflection and emotion regulation in conflict situations, and a lack of affiliative relationship qualities. The discussion focuses on the formative character of aggression in these early romantic relations, the aggravating impact of mutual aggression on relationship functioning, and the gender-specific functions of aggression in relationships characterized by unilateral aggression.
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Ellis WE, Wolfe DA. Bullying Predicts Reported Dating Violence and Observed Qualities in Adolescent Dating Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:3043-3064. [PMID: 25355858 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514554428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between reported bullying, reported dating violence, and dating relationship quality measured through couple observations was examined. Given past research demonstrating similarity between peer and dating contexts, we expected that bullying would predict negative dating experiences. Participants with dating experience (n = 585; 238 males, M(age) = 15.06) completed self-report assessments of bullying and dating violence perpetration and victimization. One month later, 44 opposite-sex dyads (M(age) = 15.19) participated in behavioral observations. In 10-min sessions, couples were asked to rank and discuss areas of relationship conflict while being video-recorded. Qualities of the relationship were later coded by trained observers. Regression analysis revealed that bullying positively predicted dating violence perpetration and victimization. Self-reported bullying also predicted observations of lower relationship support and higher withdrawal. Age and gender interactions further qualified these findings. The bullying of boys, but not girls, was significantly related to dating violence perpetration. Age interactions showed that bullying was positively predictive of dating violence perpetration and victimization for older, but not younger adolescents. Positive affect was also negatively predicted by bullying, but only for girls. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that adolescents carry forward strategies learned in the peer context to their dating relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Ellis
- King's University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Bower AR, Nishina A, Witkow MR, Bellmore A. Nice Guys and Gals Finish Last? Not in Early Adolescence When Empathic, Accepted, and Popular Peers are Desirable. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:2275-88. [PMID: 26316305 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about attributes that elicit romantic desirability in early adolescence. The current study, with a sample of 531 sixth-grade students (45% boys) attending ethnically diverse middle schools, used a resource control framework to explore which self-reported behaviors (e.g., empathy and aggression) and peer-reported status (e.g., acceptance and perceived popularity) predict the likelihood of being considered romantically desirable (i.e., receiving at least one "crush" nomination from an opposite sex grademate). Self-reported empathy was positively associated with students' romantic desirability (primarily for those with high peer acceptance), whereas self-reported aggression on its own did not. Both peer-acceptance and popularity also were positively associated with students' romantic desirability, and aggressive behavior reduced popularity's effect. Although aggression may be integral for obtaining high peer status across cultures, prosocial behaviors were romantically valued. Our findings suggest that peer-vetted social status elicits romantic interest and during early adolescence, nice guys and gals really do not finish last.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bower
- Human Development Graduate Group, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Adrienne Nishina
- Human Development Graduate Group, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Melissa R Witkow
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Willamette, OR, 97301, USA
| | - Amy Bellmore
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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"Bad Romance": Links between Psychological and Physical Aggression and Relationship Functioning in Adolescent Couples. Behav Sci (Basel) 2015; 5:305-23. [PMID: 26067515 PMCID: PMC4493449 DOI: 10.3390/bs5020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Assortative mating is an important issue in explaining antisocial, aggressive behavior. It is yet unclear, whether the similarity paradigm fully explains frequent displays of aggression in adolescents’ romantic relationships. In a sample of 194 romantic partner dyads, differences between female and male partners’ reports of aggression (psychological and physical) and different measures of relationship functioning (e.g., jealousy, conflicts, and the affiliative and romantic quality of the relationship) were assessed. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified five distinct subgroups of dyads based on male and female reports of psychological and physical aggression: nonaggressive couples, couples with higher perceived aggressiveness (both physical and psychological) by females, couples with higher aggressiveness perceived by males and mutually aggressive couples. A substantial number of non-aggressive dyads emerged. Of note was the high number of females showing one-sided aggression, which was, however, not countered by their partner. The mutually aggressive couples showed the least adaptive relationship functioning, with a lack of supportive, trusting relationship qualities, high conflict rates and high jealousy. The discussion focuses on the different functions of aggression in these early romantic relations, and the aggravating impact of mutual aggression on relationship functioning and its potential antisocial outcomes.
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42
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Traditional, Cyber and Combined Bullying Roles: Differences in Risky Online and Offline Activities. SOCIETIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/soc5010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Foshee VA, McNaughton Reyes HL, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Basile KC, Chang LY, Faris R, Ennett ST. Bullying as a longitudinal predictor of adolescent dating violence. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:439-44. [PMID: 24768162 PMCID: PMC4702490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One suggested approach to preventing adolescent dating violence is to prevent behavioral precursors to dating violence, such as bullying. However, no longitudinal study has examined bullying as a behavioral precursor to dating violence. In this study, longitudinal data were used to examine (1) whether direct and indirect bullying perpetration in the sixth grade predicted the onset of physical dating violence perpetration by the eighth grade and (2) whether the associations varied by sex and race/ethnicity of the adolescent. METHODS Data were collected in school from sixth graders in three primarily rural counties and then again when students were in the eighth grade. Analyses were conducted with 1,154 adolescents who had not perpetrated dating violence at the sixth-grade assessment. The sample was 47% male, 29% black, and 10% of another race/ethnicity than black or white. RESULTS Direct bullying, defined as hitting, slapping, or picking on another kid in the sixth grade, predicted the onset of physical dating violence perpetration by the eighth grade, controlling for indirect bullying and potential confounders. Although indirect bullying, defined as spreading false rumors and excluding students from friendship groups, was associated with the onset of physical dating violence perpetration in bivariate analyses, it did not predict the onset of physical dating violence when controlling for direct bullying. None of the associations examined varied by sex or race/ethnicity of the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that efforts targeted at preventing direct bullying may also prevent the onset of physical dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangie A Foshee
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Heath Luz McNaughton Reyes
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alana M Vivolo-Kantor
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathleen C Basile
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ling-Yin Chang
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Faris
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Houser JJ, Mayeux L, Cross C. Peer status and aggression as predictors of dating popularity in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:683-95. [PMID: 25169129 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research has identified links between dating and aversive behavior such as aggression and bullying in adolescence, highlighting the need for studies that further our understanding of romantic relationships and their dynamics during this period. This study tested the associations between dating popularity and overt and relational aggression, social preference, and peer popularity. Of particular interest were the moderating roles of social preference and peer popularity in the association of aggression with dating popularity. Further moderation by gender was also explored. Participants were 478 ninth-graders (48% girls) with peer nomination scores for peer status, aggression, and dating popularity. Dating popularity was positively correlated with popularity, social preference, and overt and relational aggression. Regression models indicated that popular, overtly aggressive girls were seen as desirable dating partners by their male peers. Relational aggression was associated with dating popularity for both boys and girls, especially for youths who were well-liked by peers. These findings are interpreted in light of developmental-contextual perspectives on adolescent romantic relationships and Resource Control Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Houser
- Department of Psychology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA,
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46
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Lereya ST, Eryigit-Madzwamuse S, Patra C, Smith JH, Wolke D. Body-esteem of pupils who attended single-sex versus mixed-sex schools: a cross-sectional study of intrasexual competition and peer victimization. J Adolesc 2014; 37:1109-19. [PMID: 25150892 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In intrasexual competition (competition for reproductive resources), bullying can be viewed as a tool to devalue competitors, gain a high status and a powerful, dominant position in the peer group which may lead to beneficial gains such as access to potential romantic partners. This study investigated the relationship between intrasexual competition, bullying victimization and body-esteem, in single-sex versus mixed-sex schools. 420 participants completed a body-esteem scale, a retrospective bullying questionnaire, and intrasexual competition scales. Our results showed that relational victimization was associated with low body-esteem for both females and males. Females in single-sex schools experienced higher intrasexual competition which in turn was associated with their body-esteem directly and indirectly via relational victimization. In males, intrasexual competition was indirectly associated with body-esteem via relational victimization. Interventions to improve body esteem may focus on reducing intrasexual competition and peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chanchala Patra
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Joshua H Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Connolly J, McIsaac C, Shulman S, Wincentak K, Joly L, Heifetz M, Bravo V. Development of Romantic Relationships in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Implications for Community Mental Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2014-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Romantic relationships emerge in the early adolescent years and mature over the course of adolescence from initial cross-gender affiliations to dyadic partnerships. Adolescents’ romantic relationships are important because they contribute to relational development and foretell the quality of intimate relationships in adulthood. This paper summarizes current research findings on the development of romantic relationships, focusing first on the normative stages of mainstream youth and subsequently on atypical patterns of troubled youth. Peer and family influences on romantic development are considered as well as ethnocultural variation. The paper concludes with several policy implications for community mental health.
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Keelan CM, Schenk AM, McNally MR, Fremouw WJ. The interpersonal worlds of bullies: parents, peers, and partners. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:1338-1353. [PMID: 24305866 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513506278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Research has yet to examine the social influences of parents, peers, and partners on bullying. This study explored the impact of social relationships on bullies, victims, bully/victims, and uninvolved participants. A sample of 370 college-age participants was asked about bullying, family environment, friends' illegal behavior, and conflict resolution tactics in romantic relationships. Results indicated controls came from more secure and engaged families. Bully/victims reported friends engaging in more illegal behaviors than victims and uninvolved participants. Bullies and bully/victims reported more psychological coercion from their romantic partner. A logistic regression revealed peer illegal behaviors, psychological aggression, physical assault, and sexual coercion in romantic relationships best predicted bullies from non-bullies (67.3%). Based on these results, the interpersonal world of those involved with bullying significantly impacts behaviors.
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Bates EA, Graham-Kevan N, Archer J. Testing predictions from the male control theory of men's partner violence. Aggress Behav 2014; 40:42-55. [PMID: 23878077 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test predictions from the male control theory of intimate partner violence (IPV) and Johnson's [Johnson, M. P. (1995). Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 282-294] typology. A student sample (N = 1,104) reported on their use of physical aggression and controlling behavior, to partners and to same-sex non-intimates. Contrary to the male control theory, women were found to be more physically aggressive to their partners than men were, and the reverse pattern was found for aggression to same-sex non-intimates. Furthermore, there were no substantial sex differences in controlling behavior, which significantly predicted physical aggression in both sexes. IPV was found to be associated with physical aggression to same-sex non-intimates, thereby demonstrating a link with aggression outside the family. Using Johnson's typology, women were more likely than men to be classed as "intimate terrorists," which was counter to earlier findings. Overall, these results do not support the male control theory of IPV. Instead, they fit the view that IPV does not have a special etiology, and is better studied within the context of other forms of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Bates
- Department of Applied Psychology; University of Cumbria; Carlisle Cumbria United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Graham-Kevan
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston United Kingdom
| | - John Archer
- School of Psychology; University of Central Lancashire; Preston United Kingdom
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Vaillancourt T. Do human females use indirect aggression as an intrasexual competition strategy? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20130080. [PMID: 24167310 PMCID: PMC3826209 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect aggression includes behaviours such as criticizing a competitor's appearance, spreading rumours about a person's sexual behaviour and social exclusion. Human females have a particular proclivity for using indirect aggression, which is typically directed at other females, especially attractive and sexually available females, in the context of intrasexual competition for mates. Indirect aggression is an effective intrasexual competition strategy. It is associated with a diminished willingness to compete on the part of victims and with greater dating and sexual behaviour among those who perpetrate the aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Vaillancourt
- Counselling, Faculty of Education and School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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