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Kim J, Kim S. Effects of a nonviolent communication-based anger management program on psychiatric inpatients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41:87-95. [PMID: 36428080 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effects of a nonviolent communication-based anger management program on self-esteem, anger expression, and aggression in 44 psychiatric inpatients (experimental group: n = 21; control group: n = 24). The program consisted of six sessions of 60 min each, using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, and thereafter analyzing the intervention effects. Results showed statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in anger expression and anger suppression. There were positive, though not statistically significant, changes in self-esteem and aggression. The findings indicated a decreasing effect of anger expression and anger suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Kim
- College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Effects of a Nonviolent Communication-Based Empathy Education Program for Nursing Students: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study. NURSING REPORTS 2022; 12:824-835. [PMID: 36412799 PMCID: PMC9680223 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep12040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a nonviolent communication empathy education program, based on a cyclical empathy model of self-esteem, empathic ability, interpersonal relationships, and communication competency for nursing students. Participants were first-grade nursing students from two different colleges in Korea. There were 62 participants: 32 and 30 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group received six sessions of 120 min each. The sessions were based on nonviolent communication content and utilized teaching methods such as lectures, presentations, personal activities, group activities, role plays, assignments, and reflective journals. The data were analyzed with percentage, χ²-test, Fisher’s Exact test, and a two-group independent means t-test using the SPSS 24.0 program. There were significant increases in self-esteem (t = 4.06, p < 0.001), empathic ability (t = 5.22, p < 0.001), interpersonal relationships (t = 5.14, p < 0.001), and communication competency (t = 5.27, p < 0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, a nonviolent communication empathy education program based on the cyclical empathy model is expected to be useful for the humanities and social education in a nursing curriculum. Furthermore, it can improve human nursing competency based on multidimensional empathy in clinical settings.
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Hoang NPT, Kirby JN, Haslam DM, Sanders MR. Promoting Positive Relationship Between Parents and Grandparents: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Triple P Plus Compassion in Vietnam. Behav Ther 2022; 53:1175-1190. [PMID: 36229115 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Vietnamese culture, grandparents are significantly involved in the upbringing of grandchildren. This involvement of grandparents entails lots of ambiguities and challenges. Boundaries between parents and grandparents are often unclear, and communication can be restricted due to power differentials, leading to inconsistent discipline. This study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of the Group Triple P-Positive Parenting Program plus Building Coparenting Alliance-a compassion-focused module to promote the parent-grandparents relationship. One hundred Vietnamese parents whose parents or parent in-laws provided care for their children were randomly assigned to either an intervention condition (n = 50) or a waitlist control condition (n = 50). Both groups were assessed at three time-points (pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up). The short-term intervention effects were found across domains, including co-parenting conflict, parents' self-compassion, dysfunctional parenting, parenting self-efficacy, parental adjustment, child behavioral problems and child prosocial behaviors. Intervention effects on co-parenting conflict, parenting behaviors, and the child's prosocial behaviors were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Triple P plus compassion in promoting co-parenting relationships between parents and grandparents, enhancing parenting practice and child outcomes in Vietnamese families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Phuong T Hoang
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland; Compassionate Mind Research Group, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland.
| | - James N Kirby
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
| | | | - Matthew R Sanders
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland
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Kansky R, Maassarani T. Teaching nonviolent communication to increase empathy between people and toward wildlife to promote human–wildlife coexistence. Conserv Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kansky
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Tarek Maassarani
- Justice and Peace Program Georgetown University N.W. Washington District of Columbia
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Palix J, Abu-Akel A, Moulin V, Abbiati M, Gasser J, Hasler C, Marcot D, Mohr C, Dan-Glauser E. The Utility of Physiological Measures in Assessing the Empathic Skills of Incarcerated Violent Offenders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:98-122. [PMID: 33567952 PMCID: PMC8609505 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x21994056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since lack of empathy is an important indicator of violent behaviors, researchers need consistent and valid measures. This study evaluated the practical significance of a potential physiological correlate of empathy compared to a traditional self-report questionnaire in 18 male violent offenders and 21 general population controls. Empathy skills were assessed with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) questionnaire. Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) was assessed with an electrocardiogram. The RMSSD (Root Mean Square of the Successive beat-to-beat Differences), an HRV index implicated in social cognition, was calculated. There were no group differences in IRI scores. However, RMSSD was lower in the offender group. Positive correlations between RMSSD and IRI subscales were found for controls only. We conclude that psychometric measures of empathy do not discriminate incarcerated violent offenders, and that the incorporation of psychophysiological measures, such as HRV, could be an avenue for forensic research on empathy to establish translatable evidence-based information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Palix
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Moulin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Milena Abbiati
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Gasser
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dan-Glauser
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Epinat-Duclos J, Foncelle A, Quesque F, Chabanat E, Duguet A, Van der Henst JB, Rossetti Y. Does nonviolent communication education improve empathy in French medical students? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 12:205-218. [PMID: 34716989 PMCID: PMC8994647 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.615e.c507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of nonviolent communication (NVC) training on five aspects of medical students' empathy skills using implicit and explicit measures. METHODS 312 third-year French medical students were randomly allocated to an intervention group (n = 123) or a control group (n = 189). The intervention group received 2.5 days of NVC training. For each group, empathy-related skills were measured implicitly using three cognitive tests (Visuo-Spatial Perspective Taking, Privileged Knowledge, Empathy for Pain evaluation) and explicitly using two self-rating questionnaires (Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, Empathy Quotient). Both groups completed tests and questionnaires before (pre-test) and three months after training (post-test). Responses were collected via online software, and data were analyzed using paired linear mixed models and Bayes Factors. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) score between pre- and post-tests in the intervention group compared to the control group (linear mixed models: 0.95 points [0.17, 1.73], t(158) = 2.39, p < 0.05), and an expected gender effect whereby females had higher JSPE scores (1.57 points [0.72, 2.42], t(262) = -3.62, p < 0.001). There was no interaction between these two factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that brief training in nonviolent communication improves subjective empathy three months after training. These results are promising for the long-term effectiveness of NVC training on medical students' empathy and call for the introduction of NVC training in medical school. Further studies should investigate whether longer training will produce larger and longer-lasting benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Epinat-Duclos
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Foncelle
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - François Quesque
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Eric Chabanat
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Duguet
- AP-HP-Sorbonne University INSERM, MRSU 1158, Faculty of Medicine Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Van der Henst
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- TRAJECTOIRES Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, University of Lyon, France
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Williams BA, Simmons BA, Ward M, Beher J, Dean AJ, Nou T, Kenyon TM, Davey M, Melton CB, Stewart‐Sinclair PJ, Hammond NL, Massingham E, Klein CJ. The potential for applying “Nonviolent Communication” in conservation science. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. Williams
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - B. Alexander Simmons
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology Queensland Australia
- Global Development Policy Center, Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Michelle Ward
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Jutta Beher
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Angela J. Dean
- Centre for the Environment, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology Queensland Australia
| | - Tida Nou
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Tania M. Kenyon
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Madeline Davey
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Courtney B. Melton
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Phoebe J. Stewart‐Sinclair
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Niall L. Hammond
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security Griffith University Queensland Australia
| | - Emily Massingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- School Of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
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Yang J, Kim S. Factors Affecting Alcohol Abstinence Intentions of Inpatients With Alcohol Use Disorder. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 59:23-32. [PMID: 34432593 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210819-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of modifiable factors-alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, negative emotions, communication skills, and self-reflection-on alcohol abstinence intentions of 139 inpatients in South Korean psychiatric hospitals. Correlations between alcohol abstinence intentions and each factor were analyzed, and a hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the relationship between alcohol abstinence intentions and general characteristics. Alcohol abstinence intentions were statistically significant among inpatients with a spouse (p = 0.018), higher education (p = 0.031), employment (p = 0.009), younger age (p < 0.001), and fewer admissions from alcohol use disorder (AUD) (p < 0.001). In addition, communication skills (p < 0.001) and self-reflection (p < 0.001) were predictors of alcohol abstinence intentions. Results confirm communication skills and self-reflection are modifiable factors that significantly contribute to increasing alcohol abstinence intentions among inpatients with AUD. Providing interventions that improve communication skills and self-reflection would help maintain alcohol abstinence and prevent relapse. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(12), 23-32.].
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Yang J, Kim S. Effects of a nonviolent communication-based training program for inpatient alcoholics in South Korea. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:1187-1194. [PMID: 33135195 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate a communication skills program based on nonviolent communication targeted on inpatient alcoholics at the alcoholics specialized ward. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample for this mixed methods quasi-experimental study comprised 47 patients who were hospitalized in the alcoholic wards of two psychiatric hospitals in South Korea. FINDINGS The program effectively improved participants' empathy, anger expression, communication competence, and alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (p < .001). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This program could be implemented in community-based alcoholic care with the aim of preventing relapse and serve as the basis for developing similar programs for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoon Yang
- Department of Nursing, Kyungbok University, Namyangju, Geyonggi, South Korea
| | - Sungjae Kim
- Department of Alcoholism Specialized Ward, College of Nursing, The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mann J, Lown B, Touw S. Creating a culture of respect and interprofessional teamwork on a labor and birth unit: a multifaceted quality improvement project. J Interprof Care 2020:1-7. [PMID: 32233884 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1733944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Interprofessional teamwork is essential to high-quality healthcare, however disrespect and incivility amongst team members is a challenge to creating and sustaining effective teams. We describe and assess the impact of a multifaceted improvement project with the primary intervention being a Compassionate Communication (CC) training on a Labor and Birth unit. Our hypothesis was this improvement project would increase staff members' capacity for perspective-taking and self-reflection, which would in turn correlate with positive interpersonal interactions, respect and teamwork. Secondly, we hypothesized that enhanced respect and teamwork would correlate with enhanced affective commitment to the organization. Staff was surveyed midway through the project and 6 months after the CC training. A total of 74 (57%) staff completed the initial pre-training surveys and 50 (38%) staff completed post-training surveys. At 6 months post-CC training we saw changes in self-reflection and an awakening of self-awareness. There were no significant changes in perspective-taking. However, we did see changes in staffs' perceptions of respect and teamwork. Team members' affective commitment to the organization increased. In this Labor and Birth setting, a multifaceted improvement project with the primary intervention being CC training was beneficial in improving a culture of respect and interprofessional teamwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beth Lown
- Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Touw
- Institute for Community Health, Malden, MA, USA
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Winters DE, Wu W, Fukui S. Longitudinal Effects of Cognitive and Affective Empathy on Adolescent Substance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:983-989. [PMID: 32067568 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1717537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: A deficit in either socio-cognitive or socio-affective components of empathy is associated with the severity of substance use by late adolescence. What remains unknown is how longitudinal changes in these components of empathy predict adolescent substance using behavior. Methods: This secondary data analysis used data that followed adolescents in outpatient treatment for substance use (n = 826) during treatment and at 6 months post-treatment. To examine cross-lagged effects of empathy on substance use over time, we used a latent basis growth curve model. Results: Increases in affective empathy predicted reduced substance use over time. However, cognitive empathy did not predict substance use after controlling for other covariates. Conclusions: Lower levels of affective empathy may indicate a developmental vulnerability for substance using behavior. Modifying affective empathy may be a viable treatment target for reducing adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew E Winters
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sadaaki Fukui
- Indiana University School of Social Work, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Is Online Treatment as Effective as In-Person Treatment?: Psychological Change in Two Relationship Skills Groups. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:315-319. [PMID: 30958423 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychotherapy has undergone a widespread change recently, with many interventions now available as wireless device apps or online courses. The current study compared the efficacy of an online program with a personal group treatment intervention. The in-person group (n = 37) attended a 6-day workshop called Tapping Deep Intimacy that focused on the development of interpersonal skills. The online group (n = 37) consumed to the same information in the form of a 12-week online course. The content of both courses was drawn from the curriculum for Whole Energy Lifestyle, which trains participants in 12 evidence-based interpersonal and stress-reduction skills designed to reduce emotional triggering and promote health. These include mindfulness, breathwork, meditation (EcoMeditation), heart coherence, Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques, active listening, and qigong. In both groups, depression, anxiety, and relationship satisfaction were assessed pre, post, and at 1-year follow-up. Anxiety reduced in the in-person but not the online group. Significant improvements in depression (p < 0.001) were found in both groups, although sharper symptom declines were found in the in-person group. A 29% improvement in relationship satisfaction was found in both groups (p < 0.003), and both maintained their gains over time. Anxiety and depression symptoms were much higher in the in-person group pretest despite similar demographic characteristics, suggesting differences in the population that uses online courses. These preliminary findings suggest that while online programs may play a role in the development of stress-reduction and interpersonal skills, it cannot be assumed that they mirror the therapeutic efficacy of in-person treatment in every dimension.
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Learning About Parenting Together: A Programme to Support Parents with Inter-generational Concerns in Pune, India. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 40:68-83. [PMID: 29568160 PMCID: PMC5847135 DOI: 10.1007/s10591-017-9429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid developments in the last few decades have brought about dramatic changes in Indian social life, particularly affecting new middle-class families. Inter-generational conflicts, high academic pressures, and modern anxieties lead to stress both in parents and in children. There is a need for parenting programmes that respond to these specific concerns, in order to reduce parenting stress and improve family well-being. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a parenting programme in Pune, India, based on a ‘theory of change’. In this pilot programme, parents were encouraged to learn in a group format about fostering autonomy in children, promoting academic potential in a stress-free manner and remaining in connection with adolescents. Facilitated by a psychologist, parents participated in four sessions involving ‘creativity and play’, ‘self-awareness and bonding’, and ‘communication’. The intervention was based on validated psychotherapeutic approaches and parenting methods to support parents in their learning. Some 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with parents before and eight interviews after the intervention to understand their learning experiences. Additional feedback was gathered from observation notes and debriefings after each session. The results show that the attention for playful quality time helped parents to (re)gain a more creative and flexible attitude towards spending time with their children. Second, parents learned to reflect on their frameworks of meaning (rooted in their own upbringing), listen attentively and communicate more mindful with their children. Furthermore, this study shows that an activity-based approach, connecting parents in co-creating new parenting paradigms, while supporting them with stress-reducing tools, is a useful way of engaging this target group. The study concludes by offering new perspectives for counsellors working with families in countries undergoing rapid change.
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14
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Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders: Secondary Findings From an Experimental Study. Nurs Res 2017; 65:179-90. [PMID: 27124254 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitioning into society after release from incarceration presents real challenges for male offenders; in California, up to 60% return to prison within 3 years after release. The risk for ongoing drug use and having sex with multiple partners is a significant challenge for ex-offenders preparing to enter the community. OBJECTIVES The aims are to describe drug use and sexual behavior (sex with multiple partners) prior to incarceration and 6 and 12 months after study enrollment using data obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS This is a planned secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial designed to study the effects of intensive peer coaching and nurse case management, intensive peer coaching, and brief nurse counseling on hepatitis A and B vaccination adherence compared to a usual care control treatment that also included brief peer coaching and brief nurse counseling. Self-report data from subjects enrolled at one residential drug treatment facility in Los Angeles were captured at three time points: baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Findings showed substantive and significant reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners 6 months after enrollment into the study compared to the baseline data, but results did not differ by study condition. At 12-month follow-up, drug use and sex with multiple partners increased but remained less than at baseline levels. DISCUSSION Sustaining reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners remains a challenge after incarceration.
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15
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Massey SH, Newmark RL, Wakschlag LS. Explicating the role of empathic processes in substance use disorders: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37:316-332. [PMID: 28493364 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES Elucidating the role of empathic processes in developmental pathways to substance use disorders could have important implications for prevention. APPROACH We searched the biomedical and social sciences literature to determine what is known about empathy and psychopathological manifestations of severe lack of empathy in the initiation, development and maintenance of psychoactive substance use. Thirty-seven empirical studies were identified and formally reviewed. KEY FINDINGS Adults with alcohol and stimulant use disorders exhibited detectable impairments in both cognitive and affective empathy, measured behaviourally, neuroanatomically and by self-report, relative to controls. There were no developmental studies specifically designed to test the role of empathy in substance use pathways, but several studies that included measures of empathy suggest that empathy may be protective. Studies on severe empathic deficits were mixed regarding a unique role of empathy in substance use trajectories, independent of interpersonal style, impulsivity and social deviance. Implications and Conclusions. In the context of findings and methodological limitations of this review, we recommend more rigorous examination of empathy across the spectrum of substance use behaviour. Future work should utilise the following: (i) prospective assessment of empathic capacity in substance abusers during and following treatment; (ii) large, developmentally based prospective designs beginning prior to substance initiation incorporating multiple measures of empathy; (iii) assessment of the moderating role of gender, race and ethnicity; and (iv) prospective study of empathy in children at elevated risk for substance use disorders. [Massey SH, Newmark RL, Wakschlag LS. Explicating the role of empathic processes in substance use disorders: A conceptual framework and research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.,Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Rebecca L Newmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.,Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
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16
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Nyamathi AM, Srivastava N, Salem BE, Wall S, Kwon J, Ekstrand M, Hall E, Turner SF, Faucette M. Female Ex-Offender Perspectives on Drug Initiation, Relapse, and Desire to Remain Drug Free. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2016; 12:81-90. [PMID: 27195929 PMCID: PMC4874656 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently released homeless women residing in temporary residential drug treatment (RDT) programs are at a critical juncture in the process of recovery, transition, and reentry. The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing initial use of drugs and relapse triggers among a sample of incarcerated women exiting jails and prisons, residing in an RDT program, and preparing for reentry into their communities. Among this population, relapse to drug use and recidivism are common. A qualitative study was conducted utilizing focus groups to understand the perspectives of formerly incarcerated, currently homeless women residing in an RDT program. Content analysis generated the development of three broad categories: (a) factors associated with first drug use, (b) factors involved in relapse, and (c) factors influencing desire to remain drug free. A discussion follows highlighting the importance of targeted interventions at RDT sites that integrate physical, psychological, and social needs to optimize reentry into communities. This includes a focus on building self-esteem and life skills and providing access to resources such as housing, employment, and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Srivastava
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Social Welfare
| | | | | | | | - Maria Ekstrand
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine,
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Nyamathi A, Salem BE, Farabee D, Hall E, Zhang S, Faucette M, Bond D, Yadav K. Impact of an intervention for recently released homeless offenders on self-reported re-arrest at 6 and 12 months. J Addict Dis 2016; 36:60-71. [PMID: 26849409 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2016.1147796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 600 paroled men, homeless prior to incarceration, to assess varying levels of peer-coach and nurse-partnered interventions on re-arrest at 6 and 12 months. Findings revealed that positive predictors of re-arrest at 12 months included having received social support from drug users and non-drug users, as well as having used marijuana at least once a week prior to their most recent incarceration. In terms of protective factors, those who participated in a substance abuse program contract within a residential drug treatment program or spent 90 days or greater in a residential drug treatment program were less likely to have been re-arrested within 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Nyamathi
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Benissa E Salem
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - David Farabee
- b Integrated Substance Abuse Program , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Elizabeth Hall
- b Integrated Substance Abuse Program , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Sheldon Zhang
- c Department of Sociology , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Mark Faucette
- d Amistad de Los Angeles, Amity Foundation , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Doug Bond
- d Amistad de Los Angeles, Amity Foundation , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Kartik Yadav
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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18
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Yang JW, Kim S. Integrative Review of Nonviolent Communication Intervention Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.16952/pns.2016.13.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Woon Yang
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Nursing, Korean Bible University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungjae Kim
- Professor, College of Nursing · The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Massey SH, Bublitz MH, Magee SR, Salisbury A, Niaura RS, Wakschlag LS, Stroud LR. Maternal-fetal attachment differentiates patterns of prenatal smoking and exposure. Addict Behav 2015; 45:51-6. [PMID: 25644587 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking cessation during pregnancy may reflect altruistic motives on behalf of the unborn baby. We test the hypothesis that pregnancy quitters have higher maternal-fetal attachment than persistent smokers, and secondarily explore how maternal-fetal attachment differs among non-smokers, pregnancy quitters, and persistent smokers. METHODS Participants were 156 women in the Behavior and Mood in Babies and Mothers study who provided report of smoking throughout pregnancy via timeline follow back interviews, with salivary cotinine confirmation of reported cessation at 30 and 35 week gestation, and postpartum day one. Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale total and subscale scores (role-taking, differentiation of self from fetus, interaction with fetus, attributing characteristics to fetus, giving of self) were examined among non-smokers, pregnancy quitters, and persistent smokers. RESULTS At 30 weeks, pregnancy quitters scored higher on the 'giving of self' subscale compared to persistent smokers (21.6±2.4 versus 19.9±2.9; p=.004). Maternal 'giving of self' also differentiated pregnancies exposed to cigarette smoking from those without exposure from 30 weeks through delivery (19.9±2.9 versus 21.2±2.2; p=.002). Controlling for age, income, unemployment, gravida, and father's smoking status, 'giving of self' differentiated pregnancy quitters from persistent smokers [OR=5.144; 95% C.I. 1.509 - 17.538; B (SE)=1.638 (.626); p=.009]. CONCLUSIONS Women who reported a greater desire to maintain their personal health for the health of their fetus were more likely to quit smoking during pregnancy. Implications of findings for interventions and understanding mechanisms of risk are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suena H Massey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 1000, Chicago, IL 60611, USA,; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, 164 Summit Ave, Suite 309, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Susanna R Magee
- Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Amy Salisbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Raymond S Niaura
- Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, USA.
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North Saint Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Coro West, 164 Summit Ave, Suite 309, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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Brendryen H, Johansen A, Nesvåg S, Kok G, Duckert F. Constructing a Theory- and Evidence-Based Treatment Rationale for Complex eHealth Interventions: Development of an Online Alcohol Intervention Using an Intervention Mapping Approach. JMIR Res Protoc 2013; 2:e6. [PMID: 23612478 PMCID: PMC3629462 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to limited reporting of intervention rationale, little is known about what distinguishes a good intervention from a poor one. To support improved design, there is a need for comprehensive reports on novel and complex theory-based interventions. Specifically, the emerging trend of just-in-time tailoring of content in response to change in target behavior or emotional state is promising. Objective The objective of this study was to give a systematic and comprehensive description of the treatment rationale of an online alcohol intervention called Balance. Methods We used the intervention mapping protocol to describe the treatment rationale of Balance. The intervention targets at-risk drinking, and it is delivered by email, mobile phone text messaging, and tailored interactive webpages combining text, pictures, and prerecorded audio. Results The rationale of the current treatment was derived from a self-regulation perspective, and the overarching idea was to support continued self-regulation throughout the behavior change process. Maintaining the change efforts over time and coping adaptively during critical moments (eg, immediately before and after a lapse) are key factors to successful behavior change. Important elements of the treatment rationale to achieving these elements were: (1) emotion regulation as an inoculation strategy against self-regulation failure, (2) avoiding lapses by adaptive coping, and (3) avoiding relapse by resuming the change efforts after a lapse. Two distinct and complementary delivery strategies were used, including a day-to-day tunnel approach in combination with just-in-time therapy. The tunnel strategy was in accordance with the need for continuous self-regulation and it functions as a platform from which just-in-time therapy was launched. Just-in-time therapy was used to support coping during critical moments, and started when the client reports either low self-efficacy or that they were drinking above target levels. Conclusions The descriptions of the treatment rationale for Balance, the alcohol intervention reported herein, provides an intervention blueprint that will aid in interpreting the results from future program evaluations. It will ease comparisons of program rationales across interventions, and may assist intervention development. By putting just-in-time therapy within a complete theoretical and practical context, including the tunnel delivery strategy and the self-regulation perspective, we have contributed to an understanding of how multiple delivery strategies in eHealth interventions can be combined. Additionally, this is a call for action to improve the reporting practices within eHealth research. Possible ways to achieve such improvement include using a systematic and structured approach, and for intervention reports to be published after peer-review and separately from evaluation reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvar Brendryen
- The Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Nosek M. Nonviolent communication: A dialogical retrieval of the ethic of authenticity. Nurs Ethics 2012; 19:829-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0969733012447016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Charles Taylor called for a retrieval of the ethic of authenticity that has been distorted in modern notions of autonomy and self-fulfillment. Via exchanges with others who matter to us, he proposed that human identities develop through the use of rich language draped in shared horizons of significance. The fostering of these dialogical ties beyond purely instrumental purposes, along with the recognition of the human dignity in all, may avert the fallen ideal of authenticity. Nonviolent communication affords the skillful dialogue with others cradled in a shared sense of significance and supports the development of a meaningful identity—one that is formed through the realization of what exists beyond the self. The purpose of this article is to argue that nonviolent communication facilitates the retrieval of the ethic of authenticity. Narratives from nursing students’ journals on the use of nonviolent communication skills will be used to support the argument.
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