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Mokarat M, Lomthaisong K, Robson MG, Keithmaleesatti S. Effects of blood mercury accumulation on DNA methylation levels in the Khorat snail-eating turtle (Malayemys khoratensis). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115770. [PMID: 38043412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) has adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Hg exposure can cause significant alterations in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that causes various illnesses. Hg accumulation in the blood of the Khorat snail-eating turtle (Malayemys khoratensis) from northeastern Thailand was previously reported. Thus, this study aimed to assess total mercury (THg) levels in M. khoratensis blood and to examine the impact of these concentrations on DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC) levels. We divided turtles based on morphological characteristics into two groups, normal and deformed, and then the levels of each variable in both groups were assessed. The deformed group presented higher mean THg concentration and DNA methylation levels compared to the normal group; however, the differences were not significant. Additionally, we found no correlation between DNA methylation levels and THg concentrations in both groups. This study is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between mercury accumulation and DNA methylation in the blood of deformed freshwater turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monthakarn Mokarat
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Khemika Lomthaisong
- Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Sarun Keithmaleesatti
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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2
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Salimi F, Asadikaram G, Ashrafi MR, Zeynali Nejad H, Abolhassani M, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Sanjari M. Organochlorine pesticides and epigenetic alterations in thyroid tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130794. [PMID: 37560303 PMCID: PMC10409498 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer incidence depends on various factors e.g., pesticide exposures which cause epigenetic alterations. The present research aimed to investigate the organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) impacts on promoter methylation of three tumor-suppressor genes and four histone modifications in thyroid nodules in 61 Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 70 benign thyroid nodules (BTN) patients. Methods OCPs were measured by Gas chromatography. To identify promoter methylation of TSHR, ATM, and P16 genes, the nested-methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was utilized, and histone lysine acetylation (H3K9, H4K16, and H3K18) and lysine methylation (H4K20) were detected by performing western blot analysis. Results Further TSHR methylation and less P16 methylation were observed in PTC than in BTN. No substantial difference was detected for ATM methylation between PTC and BTN groups. Also, OCP dramatically increased the odds ratio of TSHR (OR=3.98, P=0.001) and P16 (OR=5.65, P<0.001) methylation while confounding variables reduced the chances of ATM methylation arising from 2,4-DDE and 4,4-DDT influence. Hypomethylation of H4K20 and hypo-acetylation of H3K9, H4K16, and H3K18 (P<0.001) were observed in PTC samples than BTN. Furthermore, OCPs substantially decreased the odds ratio of H3K9 (OR=3.68, P<0.001) and H4K16 (OR=6.03, P<0.001) acetylation. Conclusion The current research indicated that OCPs could contribute to PTC progression by TSHR promoter hypermethylation and decreased acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16. In addition, in PTC patients, assessing TSHR promoter methylation and acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16 could have predictive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzieh Salimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Zeynali Nejad
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sanjari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Peterson DR, Seemann F, Wan MT, Ye RR, Chen L, Lai KP, Yu P, Kong RYC, Au DWT. Multigenerational impacts of EE2 on reproductive fitness and immune competence of marine medaka. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106584. [PMID: 37267806 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDC) have been suspected to impact offspring in a transgenerational manner via modifications of the germline epigenome in the directly exposed generations. A holistic assessment of the concentration/ exposure duration-response, threshold level, and critical exposure windows (parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis) for the transgenerational evaluation of reproduction and immune compromise concomitantly will inform the overall EEDC exposure risk. We conducted a multigenerational study using the environmental estrogen, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and the marine laboratory model fish Oryzias melastigma (adult, F0) and their offspring (F1-F4) to identify transgenerationally altered offspring generations and phenotype persistence. Three exposure scenarios were used: short parental exposure, long parental exposure, and a combined parental and embryonic exposure using two concentrations of EE2 (33ng/L, 113ng/L). The reproductive fitness of fish was evaluated by assessing fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching success, and sex ratio. Immune competence was assessed in adults via a host-resistance assay. EE2 exposure during both parental gametogenesis and embryogenesis was found to induce concentration/ exposure duration-dependent transgenerational reproductive effects in the unexposed F4 offspring. Furthermore, embryonic exposure to 113 ng/L EE2 induced feminization of the directly exposed F1 generation, followed by subsequent masculinization of the F2 and F3 generations. A sex difference was found in the transgenerationally impaired reproductive output with F4 females being sensitive to the lowest concentration of EE2 (33 ng/L) upon long-term ancestral parent exposure (21 days). Conversely, F4 males were affected by ancestral embryonic EE2 exposure. No definitive transgenerational impacts on immune competence were identified in male or female offspring. In combination, these results indicate that EEDCs can be transgenerational toxicants that may negatively impact the reproductive success and population sustainability of fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Peterson
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Center for Coastal Studies, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412-5800, USA.
| | - Miles T Wan
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Roy R Ye
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Keng P Lai
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Peter Yu
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Richard Y C Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Doris W T Au
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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4
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Cediel-Ulloa A, Lindner S, Rüegg J, Broberg K. Epigenetics of methylmercury. Neurotoxicology 2023; 97:34-46. [PMID: 37164037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Methylmercury (MeHg) is neurotoxic at high levels and particularly affects the developing brain. One proposed mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity is alteration of the epigenetic programming. In this review, we summarise the experimental and epidemiological literature on MeHg-associated epigenetic changes. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental and epidemiological studies have identified changes in DNA methylation following in utero exposure to MeHg, and some of the changes appear to be persistent. A few studies have evaluated associations between MeHg-related changes in DNA methylation and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Experimental studies reveal changes in histone modifications after MeHg exposure, but we lack epidemiological studies supporting such changes in humans. Experimental and epidemiological studies have identified microRNA-related changes associated with MeHg; however, more research is needed to conclude if these changes lead to persistent and toxic effects. SUMMARY MeHg appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes. However, observed associations of mercury with epigenetic changes are as of yet of unknown relevance to neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cediel-Ulloa
- Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Lindner
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Department of Organism Biology, Uppsala University, Kåbovägen 4, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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5
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Cooke MS, Chang YJ, Chen YR, Hu CW, Chao MR. Nucleic acid adductomics - The next generation of adductomics towards assessing environmental health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159192. [PMID: 36195140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Discussion article aims to explore the potential for a new generation of assay to emerge from cellular and urinary DNA adductomics which brings together DNA-RNA- and, to some extent, protein adductomics, to better understand the role of the exposome in environmental health. Components of the exposome have been linked to an increased risk of various, major diseases, and to identify the precise nature, and size, of risk, in this complex mixture of exposures, powerful tools are needed. Modification of nucleic acids (NA) is a key consequence of environmental exposures, and a goal of cellular DNA adductomics is to evaluate the totality of DNA modifications in the genome, on the basis that this will be most informative. Consequently, an approach which encompasses modifications of all nucleic acids (NA) would be potentially yet more informative. This article focuses on NA adductomics, which brings together the assessment of both DNA and RNA modifications, including modified (2'-deoxy)ribonucleosides (2'-dN/rN), modified nucleobases (nB), plus: DNA-DNA, RNA-RNA, DNA-RNA, DNA-protein, and RNA-protein crosslinks (DDCL, RRCL, DRCL, DPCL, and RPCL, respectively). We discuss the need for NA adductomics, plus the pros and cons of cellular vs. urinary NA adductomics, and present some evidence for the feasibility of this approach. We propose that NA adductomics provides a more comprehensive approach to the study of nucleic acid modifications, which will facilitate a range of advances, including the identification of novel, unexpected modifications e.g., RNA-RNA, and DNA-RNA crosslinks; key modifications associated with mutagenesis; agent-specific mechanisms; and adductome signatures of key environmental agents, leading to the dissection of the exposome, and its role in human health/disease, across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Keil-Stietz K, Lein PJ. Gene×environment interactions in autism spectrum disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:221-284. [PMID: 36707213 PMCID: PMC10496028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is credible evidence that environmental factors influence individual risk and/or severity of autism spectrum disorders (hereafter referred to as autism). While it is likely that environmental chemicals contribute to the etiology of autism via multiple mechanisms, identifying specific environmental factors that confer risk for autism and understanding how they contribute to the etiology of autism has been challenging, in part because the influence of environmental chemicals likely varies depending on the genetic substrate of the exposed individual. Current research efforts are focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals interact with autism genetic susceptibilities to adversely impact neurodevelopment. The goal is to not only generate insights regarding the pathophysiology of autism, but also inform the development of screening platforms to identify specific environmental factors and gene×environment (G×E) interactions that modify autism risk. Data from such studies are needed to support development of intervention strategies for mitigating the burden of this neurodevelopmental condition on individuals, their families and society. In this review, we discuss environmental chemicals identified as putative autism risk factors and proposed mechanisms by which G×E interactions influence autism risk and/or severity using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Keil-Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States.
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7
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Desaulniers D, Vasseur P, Jacobs A, Aguila MC, Ertych N, Jacobs MN. Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10969. [PMID: 34681626 PMCID: PMC8535778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Hazard Identification Division, Health Canada, AL:2203B, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Paule Vasseur
- CNRS, LIEC, Université de Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Abigail Jacobs
- Independent at the Time of Publication, Previously US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - M. Cecilia Aguila
- Toxicology Team, Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Norman Ertych
- German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Miriam N. Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OX11 0RQ, UK;
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8
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Vidali MS, Dailianis S, Vlastos D, Georgiadis P. PCB cause global DNA hypomethylation of human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103696. [PMID: 34171487 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported significant associations between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and alterations on genome-wide methylation of leukocyte DNA of healthy volunteers and provided evidence in support of an etiological link between the observed CpG methylation variations and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of PCB in human lymphocytes' methylome in vitro. Therefore, U937 cells and human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were exposed in vitro to the dioxin-like PCB-118, the non-dioxin-like PCB-153, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and thorough cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and global CpG methylation analyses were performed. All compounds currently tested did not show any consistent significant genotoxicity at all exposure periods and concentrations used. On the contrary, extensive dose-dependent hypomethylation was observed, even at low concentrations, in stimulated PBMC treated with PCB-118 and PCB-153 as well as a small but statistically significant hypomethylation in HCB-treated stimulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Sofia Vidali
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas.Constantinou Av, GR-11635, Athens, Greece; Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100, Agrinio, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas.Constantinou Av, GR-11635, Athens, Greece.
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9
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Weyde KVF, Olsen AK, Duale N, Kamstra JH, Skogheim TS, Caspersen IH, Engel SM, Biele G, Xia Y, Meltzer HM, Aase H, Villanger GD. Gestational blood levels of toxic metal and essential element mixtures and associations with global DNA methylation in pregnant women and their infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147621. [PMID: 34000534 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women and their fetuses are exposed to multiple toxic metals that together with variations in essential element levels may alter epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between gestational levels of toxic metals and essential elements and mixtures thereof, with global DNA methylation levels in pregnant women and their newborn children. METHODS Using 631 mother-child pairs from a prospective birth cohort (The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study), we measured maternal blood concentration (gestation week ~18) of five toxic metals and seven essential elements. We investigated associations as individual exposures and two-way interactions, using elastic net regression, and total mixture, using quantile g-computation, with blood levels of 5-methylcytocine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in mothers during pregnancy and their newborn children (cord blood). Multiple testing was adjusted for using the Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) approach. RESULTS The most sensitive marker of DNA methylation appeared to be 5mC levels. In pregnant mothers, elastic net regression indicated associations between 5mC and selenium and lead (non-linear), while in newborns results indicated relationships between maternal selenium, cobalt (non-linear) and mercury and 5mC, as well as copper (non-linear) and 5hmC levels. Several possible two-way interactions were identified (e.g. arsenic and mercury, and selenium and maternal smoking in newborns). None of these findings met the FDR threshold for multiple testing. No net effect was observed in the joint (mixture) exposure-approach using quantile g-computation. CONCLUSION We identified few associations between gestational levels of several toxic metals and essential elements and global DNA methylation in pregnant mothers and their newborn children. As DNA methylation dysregulation might be a key mechanism in disease development and thus of high importance for public health, our results should be considered as important candidates to investigate in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nur Duale
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephanie M Engel
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Guido Biele
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Heidi Aase
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Stratakis N, Golden-Mason L, Margetaki K, Zhao Y, Valvi D, Garcia E, Maitre L, Andrusaityte S, Basagana X, Borràs E, Bustamante M, Casas M, Fossati S, Grazuleviciene R, Haug LS, Heude B, McEachan RR, Meltzer HM, Papadopoulou E, Roumeliotaki T, Robinson O, Sabidó E, Urquiza J, Vafeiadi M, Varo N, Wright J, Vos MB, Hu H, Vrijheid M, Berhane KT, Conti DV, McConnell R, Rosen HR, Chatzi L. In Utero Exposure to Mercury Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Liver Injury and Inflammation in Childhood. Hepatology 2021; 74:1546-1559. [PMID: 33730435 PMCID: PMC8446089 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent cause of liver disease in children. Mercury (Hg), a ubiquitous toxic metal, has been proposed as an environmental factor contributing to toxicant-associated fatty liver disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to Hg on childhood liver injury by combining epidemiological results from a multicenter mother-child cohort with complementary in vitro experiments on monocyte cells that are known to play a key role in liver immune homeostasis and NAFLD. We used data from 872 mothers and their children (median age, 8.1 years; interquartile range [IQR], 6.5-8.7) from the European Human Early-Life Exposome cohort. We measured Hg concentration in maternal blood during pregnancy (median, 2.0 μg/L; IQR, 1.1-3.6). We also assessed serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a common screening tool for pediatric NAFLD, and plasma concentrations of inflammation-related cytokines in children. We found that prenatal Hg exposure was associated with a phenotype in children that was characterized by elevated ALT (≥22.1 U/L for females and ≥25.8 U/L for males) and increased concentrations of circulating IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Consistently, inflammatory monocytes exposed in vitro to a physiologically relevant dose of Hg demonstrated significant up-regulation of genes encoding these four cytokines and increased concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-α in the supernatants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that developmental exposure to Hg can contribute to inflammation and increased NAFLD risk in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Stratakis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erika Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Léa Maitre
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Andrusaityte
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Xavier Basagana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Borràs
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Bustamante
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maribel Casas
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Rosemary R.C. McEachan
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Proteomics Unit, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Urquiza
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nerea Varo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Miriam B. Vos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Nutrition Health Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kiros T. Berhane
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - David V. Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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11
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Influence of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activating Environmental Pollutants on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179258. [PMID: 34502168 PMCID: PMC8431328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term that includes many different disorders that affect the development, communication, and behavior of an individual. Prevalence of ASD has risen exponentially in the past couple of decades. ASD has a complex etiology and traditionally recognized risk factors only account for a small percentage of incidence of the disorder. Recent studies have examined factors beyond the conventional risk factors (e.g., environmental pollution). There has been an increase in air pollution since the beginning of industrialization. Most environmental pollutants cause toxicities through activation of several cellular receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/cytochrome P450 (CYPs) pathway. There is little research on the involvement of AhR in contributing to ASD. Although a few reviews have discussed and addressed the link between increased prevalence of ASD and exposure to environmental pollutants, the mechanism governing this effect, specifically the role of AhR in ASD development and the molecular mechanisms involved, have not been discussed or reviewed before. This article reviews the state of knowledge regarding the impact of the AhR/CYP pathway modulation upon exposure to environmental pollutants on ASD risk, incidence, and development. It also explores the molecular mechanisms involved, such as epigenesis and polymorphism. In addition, the review explores possible new AhR-mediated mechanisms of several drugs used for treatment of ASD, such as sulforaphane, resveratrol, haloperidol, and metformin.
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12
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Thangavelu SK, Mohan M, Ramachandran I, Jagadeesan A. Lactational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure induces epigenetic alterations in the Leydig cells of progeny rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14160. [PMID: 34241921 DOI: 10.1111/and.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to establish the epigenetic mechanisms by which lactational exposure to PCBs affects the Leydig cell function in progeny rats. The lactating dams were oral gavaged with different doses of PCBs [1, 2 and 5 mg/kg or corn oil ] and Leydig cells were isolated from the testes of progeny rats at postnatal day (PND) 60. We assessed the expression of transcription factors regulating steroidogenic machinery and the promoter methylation of LHR and AR in the Leydig cells. Our results confirmed hypermethylation of SF-1, Sp1/3, LHR and AR genes. There was a significant reduction in the gene expression of SF-1 and Sp1. The mRNA expression of Sp3 was decreased. Interestingly, there was an increased gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a/b and Dnmt3l) and unaltered histone deacetylase-1 (Hdac-1). Furthermore, increased percentage of 5-methylcytosine was observed in PCBs exposed Leydig cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that promoter hypermethylation of SF-1, Sp1/3, LHR and AR could have led to transcriptional repression of these genes in Leydig cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that lactational exposure to PCBs caused epigenetic changes in the Leydig cells which could have impaired the Leydig cell function in progeny (PND60) rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar Thangavelu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manju Mohan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ilangovan Ramachandran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunakaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Zhang JM, Wang QY, Han XY, He QL, Liu L, Zhang YT, Meng XQ, Cheng D, Zhang TL, Liu SZ. Effects of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl exposure during pregnancy on DNA methylation in the testis of offspring in the mouse. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:1048-1059. [PMID: 32758352 DOI: 10.1071/rd19412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants, and the widespread use of PCBs has had adverse effects on human and animal health. This study experiment explored the effects of 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) on the mammalian reproductive system. PCB118 was administered to pregnant mice from 7.5 to 12.5 days of gestation; F1 mice were obtained and the reproductive system of F1 male mice was examined. PCB118 damaged the reproductive system in male F1 mice, as evidenced by negative effects on the testicular organ coefficient (testes weight/bodyweight), a decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and a significant reduction in the anogenital distance in 35-day-old F1 mice. In addition, methylation levels of genomic DNA were reduced, with reductions in the expression of the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, as well as that of the epigenetic regulatory factor ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (Uhrf1). Together, the results of this study provide compelling evidence that exposure of pregnant mice to PCB118 during primordial germ cell migration in the fetus affects the reproductive system of the offspring and decreases global methylation levels in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qi-Long He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yong-Tao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tian-Liang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; and Corresponding author.
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14
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Bleak TC, Calaf GM. Breast and prostate glands affected by environmental substances (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:20. [PMID: 33649835 PMCID: PMC7879422 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptor chemicals are substances that can alter the homeostasis of the endocrine system in living organisms. They can be released from several products used in daily activities. Once in the organism, they can disrupt the endocrine function by mimicking or blocking naturally occurring hormones due to their similar chemical structure. This endocrine disruption is the most important cause of the well‑known hormone‑associate types of cancer. Additionally, it is decisive to determine the susceptibility of each organ to these compounds. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the effect of different environmental substances such as bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and polychlorinated biphenyls in both the mammary and the prostate tissues. These organs were chosen due to their association with the hormonal system and their common features in carcinogenic mechanisms. Outcomes derived from the present review may provide evidence that should be considered in future debates regarding the effects of endocrine disruptors on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy C. Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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15
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Amir S, Shah STA, Mamoulakis C, Docea AO, Kalantzi OI, Zachariou A, Calina D, Carvalho F, Sofikitis N, Makrigiannakis A, Tsatsakis A. Endocrine Disruptors Acting on Estrogen and Androgen Pathways Cause Reproductive Disorders through Multiple Mechanisms: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1464. [PMID: 33557243 PMCID: PMC7913912 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing contamination of the environment by toxic compounds such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is one of the major causes of reproductive defects in both sexes. Estrogen/androgen pathways are of utmost importance in gonadal development, determination of secondary sex characteristics and gametogenesis. Most of the EDCs mediate their action through respective receptors and/or downstream signaling. The purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanism by which EDCs can trigger antagonistic or agonistic response, acting through estrogen/androgen receptors causing reproductive defects that lead to infertility. In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies focusing on the impact of EDCs on estrogen/androgen pathways and related proteins published in the last decade were considered for the review. PUBMED and PUBCHEM were used for literature search. EDCs can bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and androgen receptors or activate alternative receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR30, estrogen-related receptor (ERRγ) to activate estrogen signaling via downstream kinases. Bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates are major toxicants that interfere with the normal estrogen/androgen pathways leading to infertility in both sexes through many ways, including DNA damage in spermatozoids, altered methylation pattern, histone modifications and miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.T.A.S.)
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (S.A.); (S.T.A.S.)
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of Environment, University of Aegean, University Hill, 81100 Mytilini, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Zachariou
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Felix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Nikolaos Sofikitis
- Department of Urology, Ioannina University School of Medicine, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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16
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Streifer M, Gore AC. Epigenetics, estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and the brain. ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS 2021; 92:73-99. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Mancia A, Abelli L, Fossi MC, Panti C. Skin distress associated with xenobiotics exposure: An epigenetic study in the Mediterranean fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Mar Genomics 2020; 57:100822. [PMID: 33069632 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phenotypic plasticity of many organisms is mediated in part by epigenetics, the heritable changes in gene activity that occur without any alterations to DNA sequence. A major mechanism in epigenetics is the DNA methylation (DNAm). Hypo- and hyper-methylation are generalized responses to control gene expression however recent studies have demonstrated that classes of contaminants could mark specific DNAm signatures, that could usefully signal prior environmental exposure. We collected skin and blubber from 6 free-ranging fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) individuals sampled as a part of a previous published study in the northern Mediterranean Sea. Genomic DNA extracted from the skin of the fin whales and levels of contaminants measured in the blubber of the same individuals were used for DNAm profiling through reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We tested the hypothesis that differences in the methylation patterns could be related to environmental exposure to contaminants and load in the whale tissues. The aims of this study were to determine the DNAm profiles of the methylation contexts (CpGs and non-CpGs) of differently contaminated groups using the RRBS, and to identify potential contaminant exposure related genes. Amount and proportion of methylcytosines in CpG and non-CpG regions (CHH and CHG) was very similar across the 6 samples. The proportion of methylcytosines sites in CpG was n = 32,682, the highest among all the sequence contexts (n = 3216 in CHH; n = 1743 in CHG). The majority of the methylcytosine occurred in the intron regions, followed by exon and promoter regions in CpG, CHH and CHG. Gene Ontology results indicated that DNAm affected genes that take place in cell differentiation and function in cutaneous, vascular and nervous systems. The identification of cellular response pathways allows a better understanding of the organism biological reaction to a specific environmental challenge and the development of sensitive tools based on the predictive responses. Eco-epigenetics analyses have an extraordinary potential to address growing issues on pollution biomonitoring, ecotoxicity assessment, conservation and management planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Mancia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Luigi Abelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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18
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Calaf GM, Ponce-Cusi R, Aguayo F, Muñoz JP, Bleak TC. Endocrine disruptors from the environment affecting breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:19-32. [PMID: 32565930 PMCID: PMC7286136 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of carcinogenic substances from the environment is a challenge for scientists. Recently, a novel approach based on 10 key characteristics of human carcinogens classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has emerged. Carcinogenesis depends on different mechanisms and factors, including genetic, infectious (bacteria, viruses) and environmental (chemicals) factors. Endocrine disruptors are exogenous chemicals that can interfere and impair the function of the endocrine system due to their interaction with estrogen receptors or their estrogen signaling pathways inducing adverse effects in the normal mammary development, originating cancer. They are heterogeneous chemicals and include numerous synthetic substances used worldwide in agriculture, industry and consumer products. The most common are plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA), pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Xenoestrogens appear to serve an important role in the increased incidence of breast cancer in the United States and numerous other countries. Several studies have demonstrated the role of organochlorine xenoestrogens in breast cancer. Therefore, the overall cumulative exposure of women to estrogens results in an increased risk for this type of cancer. Factors like lifestyle and diet also serve a role in the increased incidence of this disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze these chemical compounds based on the key characteristics given by the IARC, with a special focus on breast cancer, to establish whether these compounds are carcinogens, and to create a model for future analysis of other endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Juan P Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Tammy C Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
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19
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Wu HC, Cohn BA, Cirillo PM, Santella RM, Terry MB. DDT exposure during pregnancy and DNA methylation alterations in female offspring in the Child Health and Development Study. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 92:138-147. [PMID: 30822522 PMCID: PMC6710160 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies measuring dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure during key windows of susceptibility including the intrauterine period suggest that DDT exposure is associated with breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that prenatal DDT exposure is associated with DNA methylation. Using prospective data from 316 daughters in the Child Health and Development Study, we examined the association between prenatal exposure to DDTs and DNA methylation in blood collected in midlife (mean age: 49 years). To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with markers of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and the primary metabolite of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT, the primary constituents of technical DDT), we measured methylation in 30 genes important to breast cancer. We observed DDT DMRs in three genes, CCDC85A, CYP1A1 and ZFPM2, each of which has been previously implicated in pubertal development and breast cancer susceptibility. These findings suggest prenatal DDT exposure may have life-long consequence through alteration in genes relevant to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, California
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
- Imprints Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY
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20
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Martins C, Dreij K, Costa PM. The State-of-the Art of Environmental Toxicogenomics: Challenges and Perspectives of "Omics" Approaches Directed to Toxicant Mixtures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234718. [PMID: 31779274 PMCID: PMC6926496 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last decade witnessed extraordinary advances in “omics” methods, particularly transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, enabling toxicologists to integrate toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics with mechanistic insights on the mode-of-action of noxious chemicals, single or combined. The toxicology of mixtures is, nonetheless, a most challenging enterprise, especially for environmental toxicologists and ecotoxicologists, who invariably deal with chemical mixtures, many of which contain unknowns. Despite costs and demanding computations, the systems toxicology framework, of which “omics” is a major component, endeavors extracting adverse outcome pathways for complex mixtures. Still, the interplay between the multiple components of gene expression and cell metabolism tends to be overlooked. As an example, the proteome allocates DNA methyltransferases whose altered transcription or loss of function by action of chemicals can have a global impact on gene expression in the cell. On the other hand, chemical insult can produce reactive metabolites and radicals that can intercalate or bind to DNA as well as to enzymes and structural proteins, compromising their activity. These examples illustrate the importance of exploring multiple “omes” and the purpose of “omics” and multi-“omics” for building truly predictive models of hazard and risk. Here we will review the state-of-the-art of toxicogenomics highlighting successes, shortcomings and perspectives for next-generation environmental toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Martins
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (ext. 11103) (P.M.C.)
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (P.M.C.); Tel.: +351-212-948-300 (ext. 11103) (P.M.C.)
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21
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Methylmercury Epigenetics. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7040056. [PMID: 31717489 PMCID: PMC6958348 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) has conventionally been investigated for effects on nervous system development. As such, epigenetic modifications have become an attractive mechanistic target, and research on MeHg and epigenetics has rapidly expanded in the past decade. Although, these inquiries are a recent advance in the field, much has been learned in regards to MeHg-induced epigenetic modifications, particularly in the brain. In vitro and in vivo controlled exposure studies illustrate that MeHg effects microRNA (miRNA) expression, histone modifications, and DNA methylation both globally and at individual genes. Moreover, some effects are transgenerationally inherited, as organisms not directly exposed to MeHg exhibited biological and behavioral alterations. miRNA expression generally appears to be downregulated consequent to exposure. Further, global histone acetylation also seems to be reduced, persist at distinct gene promoters, and is contemporaneous with enhanced histone methylation. Moreover, global DNA methylation appears to decrease in brain-derived tissues, but not in the liver; however, selected individual genes in the brain are hypermethylated. Human epidemiological studies have also identified hypo- or hypermethylated individual genes, which correlated with MeHg exposure in distinct populations. Intriguingly, several observed epigenetic modifications can be correlated with known mechanisms of MeHg toxicity. Despite this knowledge, however, the functional consequences of these modifications are not entirely evident. Additional research will be necessary to fully comprehend MeHg-induced epigenetic modifications and the impact on the toxic response.
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Krishnan K, Hasbum A, Morales D, Thompson LM, Crews D, Gore AC. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals alter the neuromolecular phenotype in F2 generation adult male rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 211:112674. [PMID: 31491443 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposures to the fetus have long-lasting effects on health and disease in adulthood. Such EDC exposure to the F1 fetuses also reaches the germ cells that become the F2 generation. Previously, we demonstrated that adult social and communicative behaviors such as ultrasonic vocalizations and mating behaviors were altered by EDCs in F2 rats, especially males. In the current study, we used the brains of these F2 males to ascertain the underlying molecular changes in the hypothalamus related to these behavioral outcomes. Their progenitors were Sprague-Dawley rat dams, treated on pregnancy days 8 to 18 with one of three treatments: a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture, Aroclor 1221, selected because it is weakly estrogenic; the anti-androgenic fungicide vinclozolin (VIN); or the vehicle, 6% dimethylsulfoxide in sesame oil (VEH). In adulthood, F1 male and female offspring were bred with untreated partners to generate paternal or maternal lineages of the F2 offspring, the subjects of molecular work. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted in the medial preoptic area (POA) and the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus, selected for their roles in social and sexual behaviors. Of the genes assessed, steroid hormone receptors (estrogen receptor α, androgen receptor, progesterone receptor) but not dopamine receptors 1 and 2 or DNA methyltransferase 3a expression were altered, particularly in the VIN males. Several significant correlations between behavior and gene expression were also detected. These results suggest that preconceptional exposure of male rats to EDCs at the germ cell stage alters the neuromolecular phenotype in adulthood in a lineage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Krishnan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Asbiel Hasbum
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Daniel Morales
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M Thompson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - David Crews
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America; Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America.
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Abolhassani M, Asadikaram G, Paydar P, Fallah H, Aghaee-Afshar M, Moazed V, Akbari H, Moghaddam SD, Moradi A. Organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticides may induce colorectal cancer; A case-control study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:168-177. [PMID: 31004929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among the numerous agents, genetic factors and environmental elements such as pesticides have an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. The present study aimed to investigate the probable-role of some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) in patients with CRC. METHODS In this case-control study, 42 patients with CRC and 30 healthy subjects were selected. The serum levels of some OCPs (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, 2,4DDT and 4,4DDT) were measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as the enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and arylesterase activity of Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) were evaluated in all participants. The methylation specific PCR (MSP) assay was used for determining the methylation status of CpG island of p16 and MGMT genes in CRC patients. RESULTS The mean serum levels of each OCPs were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The AChE and arylesterase activity of PON-1 in the patient group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.001). The mean serum levels of MDA and TAC in the serum of the patient group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively). The current findings demonstrated significantly hypermethylation of p16 promoter in CRC patients. CONCLUSION Regarding the higher levels of OCPs in CRC patients, along with hypermethylation of the p16 promoter gene, diminishing in AChE and PON-1 activity and increasing in oxidative stress factors, the role of OCPs and OPPs in the CRC progression in the South-East of Iran may be assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Abolhassani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Parisa Paydar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Moazed
- Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sodaif Darvish Moghaddam
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Cancer Research Center, Shohada Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Herrera-Moreno JF, Medina-Díaz IM, Bernal-Hernández YY, Ramos KS, Alvarado-Cruz I, Quintanilla-Vega B, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Rojas-García AE. Modified CDKN2B (p15) and CDKN2A (p16) DNA methylation profiles in urban pesticide applicators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:15124-15135. [PMID: 30924039 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene-specific changes in DNA methylation by pesticides in occupationally exposed populations have not been studied extensively. Of particular concern are changes in the methylation profile of tumor-suppressor, such as CDKN2B and CDKN2A, genes involved in oncogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation profiles of CDKN2B and CDKN2A genes in urban pesticide applicators and their relationship with occupational exposure to pesticides. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 186 urban pesticide applicators (categorized as high or moderate exposures) and 102 participants without documented occupational exposures to pesticides. Acute and chronic pesticide exposures were evaluated by direct measurement of urinary dialkylphosphates, organophosphate metabolites, and a structured questionnaire, respectively. Anthropometric characteristics, diet, clinical histories, and other variables were estimated through a validated self-reported survey. DNA methylation was determined by pyrosequencing of bisulfite-treated DNA. Decreased DNA methylation of the CDKN2B gene was observed in pesticide-exposed groups compared to the non-exposed group. In addition, increased methylation of the CDKN2A promoter was observed in the moderate-exposure group compared to the non-exposed group. Bivariate analysis showed an association between CDKN2B methylation and pesticide exposure, general characteristics, smoking status, and micronutrients, while changes in CDKN2A methylation were associated with pesticide exposure, sex, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, supplement intake, clinical parameters, and caffeine consumption. These data suggest that pesticide exposure modifies the methylation pattern of CDKN2B and CDKN2A genes and raise important questions about the role that these changes may play in the regulation of cell cycle activities, senescence, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, Unidad Académica de Agricultura, Km. 9 Carretera Tepic-Compostela, Xalisco, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Yael Yvette Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Kenneth S Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Support and Data Analytics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Cruz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Betzabet Quintanilla-Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Briscia Socorro Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, 63155, Ciudad de la Cultura s/n. Col. Centro, C.P. 63000, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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Doğan HO, Alçiğir ME. Assessment of epigenetic changes and oxidative DNA damage in rat pups exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and the protective effect of curcumin in the prenatal period. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0182. [PMID: 30917103 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic chemicals that exert neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prenatal Aroclor 1254 (PCBs mixture) exposure on central nervous system tissues DNA and to evaluate the effects of curcumin. Methods Rat pups were assigned to three groups: [Group 1], Aroclor 1254 administrated group; [Group 2], Aroclor 1254 and curcumin administrated group; and [Group 3], control group. Plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata tissue homogenates 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-(OH)DG] levels and plasma freeT4 levels were determined. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation status were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. To this aim, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were measured, respectively. Results Mean cerebellum and cerebral cortex 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Mean plasma, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations were higher in Group 1 than the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between Group 2 and the control group in terms of cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations. Histopathological changes were also observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254. PCBs exposure changes both DNA methylation and hypomethylation status and induces cerebellar and cerebral cortex DNA damage in the prenatal period. Exogenous curcumin may have protective effect on PCBs-induced DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halef Okan Doğan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey.,Director of Laboratory Animals Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey, Phone: +903462191010/1377
| | - Mehmet Eray Alçiğir
- Kırıkkale University, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Kırıkkale, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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Alfonso S, Blanc M, Joassard L, Keiter SH, Munschy C, Loizeau V, Bégout ML, Cousin X. Examining multi- and transgenerational behavioral and molecular alterations resulting from parental exposure to an environmental PCB and PBDE mixture. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 208:29-38. [PMID: 30605867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent organic pollutants extensively used during the 20th century and still present in aquatic environments despite their ban. Effects of exposure to these compounds over generations are poorly documented. Therefore, our aims were to characterize behavioral responses and underlying molecular mechanisms in zebrafish exposed to an environmentally relevant mixture of PCBs and PBDEs as well as in four unexposed offspring generations. Zebrafish (F0) were chronically exposed from the first meal onward to a diet spiked with a mixture containing 22 PCB and 7 PBDE congeners in proportions and concentrations reflecting environmental situations (ΣPCBs = 1991 and ΣPBDEs = 411 ng/g). Four offspring generations (F1 to F4) were obtained from this F0 and were not further exposed. Behavior was assessed at both larval and adult stages. Mechanisms related to behavioral defects (habenula maturation and c-fos transcription) and methylation (dnmts transcription) were monitored in larvae. Exposed adult F0 as well as F1 and F3 adults displayed no behavioral change while F2 expressed anxiety-like behavior. Larval behavior was also disrupted, i.e. hyperactive after light to dark transition in F1 or hypoactive in F2, F3 and F4. Behavioral disruptions may be related to defect in habenula maturation (observed in F1) and change in c-fos transcription (observed in F1 and F2). Transcription of the gene encoding DNA methyltransferase (dnmt3ba) was also modified in all generations. Our results lead us to hypothesize that chronic dietary exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of PCB and PBDE triggers multigenerational and transgenerational molecular and behavioral disruptions in a vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alfonso
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137, L'Houmeau, France; UMR MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, UM2, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, F-34250, Palavas-les-Flots, France.
| | - Mélanie Blanc
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137, L'Houmeau, France; Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lucette Joassard
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137, L'Houmeau, France
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Fakultetsgatan 1, S-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes, Cedex 3, France
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques, ZI Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137, L'Houmeau, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- UMR MARBEC, Ifremer, IRD, UM2, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Adaptabilités des Animaux et des Systèmes, Route de Maguelone, F-34250, Palavas-les-Flots, France; Inra, UMR GABI, Inra, AgroParisTech, Domaine de Vilvert, Batiment 231, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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27
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Khan F, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. The relationship between mercury exposure and epigenetic alterations regarding human health, risk assessment and diagnostic strategies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 52:37-47. [PMID: 30732897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the environmental toxicants poses a serious threat to human health. The extent of exposure and the development of diseases are interrelated with each other. Chronic exposure to mercury (Hg) increases the risk of developing serious human disorders from embryo to adulthood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to highlight the most common human disorders induced by Hg exposure on the basis of epigenetic mechanisms. A growing body of evidence shows that Hg exposure leads to alterations in the epigenetic markers. METHODS We performed an organized search of the available literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Reaxys, EMBASE and Scopus databases. All the relevant citations, including research and review articles in English were evaluated. The search terms included mercury, Hg, epigenetics, epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs (miRNAs), and risk assessment. RESULTS Data on human toxicity due to Hg exposure shows broad variations in terms of chemical nature, doses, and the rate of exposure. Hg consumption either via foods or environmental sources may create deleterious health effects on various physiological systems at least partially through an epigenetic mechanism. CONCLUSION Hg exposure could trigger epigenetic alterations, hence leading to various human disorders including reduced newborn cerebellum size, adverse behavioral outcomes, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Similarly, in adults, occupational Hg exposure has been associated with an increased risk of autoimmunity. It has been revealed that miRNAs in the woman's cervix are a novel responder to maternal Hg exposure during pregnancy. Hg-induced epigenetic alterations analysis of kidney tissues showed a significant interruption in renal function. DNA methylation and histone post-translation modifications are predominant types of Hg epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Curtis SW, Cobb DO, Kilaru V, Terrell ML, Kennedy EM, Marder ME, Barr DB, Marsit CJ, Marcus M, Conneely KN, Smith AK. Exposure to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) associates with genome-wide DNA methylation differences in peripheral blood. Epigenetics 2019; 14:52-66. [PMID: 30676242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1565590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1973, Michigan residents were exposed to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) when it was accidentally added to farm animal feed. Highly exposed individuals and their children have experienced endocrine-related health problems, though the underlying mechanism behind these remains unknown. We investigated whether PBB exposure is associated with variation in DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples from 658 participants of the Michigan PBB registry using the MethylationEPIC BeadChip, as well as investigated what the potential function of the affected regions are and whether these epigenetic marks are known to associate with endocrine system pathways. After multiple test correction (FDR <0.05), 1890 CpG sites associated with total PBB levels. These CpGs were not enriched in any particular biological pathway, but were enriched in enhancer and insulator regions, and depleted in regions near the transcription start site or in CpG islands (p < 0.05). They were also more likely to be in ARNT and ESR2 transcription factor binding sites (p = 3.27e-23 and p = 1.62e-6, respectively), and there was significant overlap between CpGs associated with PBB and CpGs associated with estrogen (p < 2.2e-16). PBB-associated CpGs were also enriched for CpGs known to be associated with gene expression in blood (eQTMs) (p < 0.05). These eQTMs were enriched for pathways related to immune function and endocrine-related autoimmune disease (FDR <0.05). These results indicate that exposure to PBB is associated with differences in epigenetic marks that suggest that it is acting similarly to estrogen and is associated with dysregulated immune system pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Curtis
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Laney Graduate SchoolLaney Graduate School , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Dawayland O Cobb
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Varun Kilaru
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Metrecia L Terrell
- c Department of Epidemiology , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- d Department of Environmental Health , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - M Elizabeth Marder
- d Department of Environmental Health , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- d Department of Environmental Health , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- d Department of Environmental Health , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- e Departments of Epidemiology, Environmental Health , Emory University Rollins School of Public Health , Atlanta , GA , USA.,f Department of Pediatrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- g Department of Human Genetics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- a Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, Laney Graduate SchoolLaney Graduate School , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA.,h Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
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Guo Z, Xie HQ, Zhang P, Luo Y, Xu T, Liu Y, Fu H, Xu L, Valsami-Jones E, Boksa P, Zhao B. Dioxins as potential risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:906-915. [PMID: 30347373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has emerged as a major public health concern due to its fast-growing prevalence in recent decades. Environmental factors are thought to contribute substantially to the variance in ASD. Interest in environmental toxins as causes of ASD has arisen due to the high sensitivity of the developing human brain to toxic chemicals, particularly to dioxin and certain dioxin-like compounds (dioxins). As a group of typical persistent organic pollutants, dioxins have been found to exert adverse effects on human brain development. In this paper, we review the evidence for association of exposure to dioxins with neurodevelopmental abnormalities related to ASD based on both human epidemiological and animal studies. It has been documented that exposure to dioxins during critical developmental periods increased risk for ASD. This notion has been demonstrated in different populations exposed to high or background level of dioxins. Furthermore, the effects and mechanisms of action of dioxins relevant to the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ASD are summarized, describing potential underlying mechanisms linking dioxin exposure with ASD onset. Further studies focusing on effects of prenatal/perinatal exposure to individual dioxin congeners or to mixtures of dioxins on ASD-associated behavioral and neurobiological consequences in animal models, and on the mechanisms of actions of dioxins, are needed in order to better understand how dioxin exposure might contribute to increased risk for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heidi Qunhui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yali Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hualing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Patricia Boksa
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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30
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Relationship between LINE-1 methylation pattern and pesticide exposure in urban sprayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aluru N, Karchner SI, Krick KS, Zhu W, Liu J. Role of DNA methylation in altered gene expression patterns in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio) exposed to 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126). ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2018; 4:dvy005. [PMID: 29686887 PMCID: PMC5905506 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that environmental toxicants can affect various physiological processes by altering DNA methylation patterns. However, very little is known about the impact of toxicant-induced DNA methylation changes on gene expression patterns. The objective of this study was to determine the genome-wide changes in DNA methylation concomitant with altered gene expression patterns in response to 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure. We used PCB126 as a model environmental chemical because the mechanism of action is well-characterized, involving activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ligand-activated transcription factor. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 10 nM PCB126 for 24 h (water-borne exposure) and brain and liver tissues were sampled at 7 days post-exposure in order to capture both primary and secondary changes in DNA methylation and gene expression. We used enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing and RNAseq to quantify DNA methylation and gene expression, respectively. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing analysis revealed 573 and 481 differentially methylated regions in the liver and brain, respectively. Most of the differentially methylated regions are located more than 10 kilobases upstream of transcriptional start sites of the nearest neighboring genes. Gene Ontology analysis of these genes showed that they belong to diverse physiological pathways including development, metabolic processes and regeneration. RNAseq results revealed differential expression of genes related to xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress and energy metabolism in response to polychlorinated biphenyl exposure. There was very little correlation between differentially methylated regions and differentially expressed genes suggesting that the relationship between methylation and gene expression is dynamic and complex, involving multiple layers of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Correspondence address. Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 45 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. Tel: 508-289-3607; Fax: 508-457-2134; E-mail:
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Keegan S Krick
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic Sciences and Information, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Beijing Institute of Genomics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
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Cumulative Impact of Polychlorinated Biphenyl and Large Chromosomal Duplications on DNA Methylation, Chromatin, and Expression of Autism Candidate Genes. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3035-3048. [PMID: 27974215 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare variants enriched for functions in chromatin regulation and neuronal synapses have been linked to autism. How chromatin and DNA methylation interact with environmental exposures at synaptic genes in autism etiologies is currently unclear. Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in brain tissue and a neuronal cell culture model carrying a 15q11.2-q13.3 maternal duplication, we find that significant global DNA hypomethylation is enriched over autism candidate genes and affects gene expression. The cumulative effect of multiple chromosomal duplications and exposure to the pervasive persistent organic pollutant PCB 95 altered methylation of more than 1,000 genes. Hypomethylated genes were enriched for H2A.Z, increased maternal UBE3A in Dup15q corresponded to reduced levels of RING1B, and bivalently modified H2A.Z was altered by PCB 95 and duplication. These results demonstrate the compounding effects of genetic and environmental insults on the neuronal methylome that converge upon dysregulation of chromatin and synaptic genes.
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Qu XL, Ming-Zhang, Yuan-Fang, Wang H, Zhang YZ. Effect of 2,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Exposure on Endometrial Receptivity and the Methylation of HOXA10. Reprod Sci 2017. [PMID: 28631552 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals and have obvious toxicity on human reproductive development. The aim of our study was to investigate the toxicity of chronic 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118) exposure on embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity, with the possible mechanism of DNA methylation involved. Virgin CD-1 female mice (3 weeks old) were housed and orally treated with PCB 118 (0, 1, 10, 100 μg/kg) for a month. After mating with fertile males, the pregnant mice were killed on gestation day 4.5. Compared with the control group, implantation failures were observed in 1 μg/kg PCB 118- and 100 μg/kg PCB 118-treated groups. Abnormal endometrial morphology with open uterine lumens and densely compact stromal cells and poorly developed pinopodes were substantially in response to PCB 118 doses above, as well as the significant downregulation of implantation-associated genes (estrogen receptor 1, homeobox A10 [HOXA10], integrin subunit beta 3) and hypermethylation in the promoter region of HOXA10 further. It was confirmed that chronic exposure to PCB 118 produced an increased number of implantation failures in association with a defective uterine morphology during the implantation period. Alterations in methylation of HOXA10 could explain, at least in part, the mechanism of effects of PCB 118 exposure on the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lan Qu
- 1 The Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Zhang
- 1 The Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Fang
- 4 Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 3 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China.,5 Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Zhen Zhang
- 1 The Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,3 Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Priya ES, Kumar TS, Singh PR, Balakrishnan S, Arunakaran J. Impact of Lactational Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Causes Epigenetic Modification and Impairs Sertoli Cells Functional Regulators in F1 Progeny. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:818-829. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117699707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Sugantha Priya
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. Sathish Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Raja Singh
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Balakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Arunakaran
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Testicular Dnmt3 expression and global DNA methylation are down-regulated by gonadotropin releasing hormones in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43158. [PMID: 28225069 PMCID: PMC5320511 DOI: 10.1038/srep43158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, DNA methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3) homologues are responsible for de novo DNA methylation and play important roles in germ cell development. In the present study, four dnmt3 genes, dnmt3aa, dnmt3ab, dnmt3ba and dnmt3bb.1, were identified in ricefield eels. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that all four dnmt3 mRNAs were detected broadly in tissues examined, with testicular expression at relatively high levels. In the testis, immunostaining for all four Dnmt3 forms was mainly localized to spermatocytes, which also contained highly methylated DNA. All three forms of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) in the ricefield eel were shown to decrease the expression of dnmt3 genes in the in vitro incubated testicular fragments through cAMP and IP3/Ca2+ pathways. Moreover, in vivo treatment of male fish with three forms of Gnrh decreased significantly the testicular Dnmt3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, and the global DNA methylation levels. These results suggest that the expression of Dnmt3 and global DNA methylation in the testis of ricefield eels are potentially down-regulated by Gnrh, and reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of testicular Dnmt3 expression in vertebrates.
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van den Dungen MW, Murk AJ, Kampman E, Steegenga WT, Kok DE. Association between DNA methylation profiles in leukocytes and serum levels of persistent organic pollutants in Dutch men. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2017; 3:dvx001. [PMID: 29492303 PMCID: PMC5804541 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of polluted fish may lead to high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans, potentially causing adverse health effects. Altered DNA methylation has been suggested as a possible contributor to a variety of adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum POP levels (dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls, and perfluoroctane sulphonate) and DNA methylation. We recruited a total of 80 Dutch men who regularly consumed eel from either low- or high-polluted areas, and subsequently had normal or elevated POP levels. Clinical parameters related to e.g. hormone levels and liver enzymes were measured as biomarkers for adverse health effects. The Infinium 450K BeadChip was used to assess DNA methylation in a representative subset of 34 men. We identified multiple genes with differentially methylated regions (DMRs; false discovery rate <0.05) related to POP levels. Several of these genes are involved in carcinogenesis (e.g. BRCA1, MAGEE2, HOXA5), the immune system (e.g. RNF39, HLA-DQB1), retinol homeostasis (DHRS4L2), or in metabolism (CYP1A1). The DMRs in these genes show mean methylation differences up to 7.4% when comparing low- and high-exposed men, with a mean difference up to 14.4% for single positions within a DMR. Clinical parameters were not significantly associated with serum POP levels. This is the first explorative study investigating extensive DNA methylation in relation to serum POP levels among men. We observed that elevated POP levels are associated with aberrant DNA methylation profiles in adult men who consumed high-polluted eel. These preliminary findings warrant further confirmation in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe W. van den Dungen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Albertinka J. Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, De Elst 1, 6708 WD, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T. Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Dieuwertje E. Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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Yao C, Foster WG, Sadeu JC, Siddique S, Zhu J, Feng YL. Screening for DNA adducts in ovarian follicles exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and cigarette smoke condensate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:742-749. [PMID: 27665503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A rapid mass spectrometric method was applied to non-targeted screening of DNA adducts in follicular cells (granulosa cells and theca cells) from isolated ovarian follicles that were exposed in-vitro to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for 13days of culture. The method employed a constant neutral loss (CNL) scan to identify chromatographic peaks associated to a neutral loss of deoxyribose moiety of DNA nucleosides. These peaks were subsequently analyzed by a product ion scan in tandem mass spectrometry to elucidate structures of DNA adducts. The identification was further confirmed through synthesis of proposed DNA adducts where possible. Three DNA adducts, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-dG (BPDE-dG), phenanthrene 1,2-quinone-dG (PheQ-dG) and B[a]P-7,8-quinone-dG (BPQ-dG) were identified in the follicular cells from isolated ovarian follicles exposed to B[a]P. Along with these three, an additional DNA adduct, 4-aminobiphenyl-dG, was identified in the follicular cells from isolated ovarian follicles exposed to CSC. The amounts of the identified DNA adducts in follicular cells increased in a dose-dependent manner for both B[a]P (0, 1.5, 5, 15 and 45ng/mL) and CSC (0, 30, 60, 90 and 130μg/mL). The results revealed that B[a]P-related DNA adducts were the major adducts in the ovarian follicular cells exposed to CSC. The results also revealed that two oxidative biomarkers, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OH-dG) and 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP), in both B[a]P-exposed and CSC-exposed ovarian follicles had strong correlations with the three DNA adducts, BPDE-dG, BPQ-dG and PheQ-dG. A pathway to describe formation of DNA adducts was proposed based on the DNA adducts observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Warren G Foster
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean C Sadeu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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39
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Yao C, Feng YL. A nontargeted screening method for covalent DNA adducts and DNA modification selectivity using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 159:93-102. [PMID: 27474284 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for nontargeted screening for covalent DNA adducts was developed using combination of neutral loss scan and product ion scan in a hybrid linear-ion-trap - triple quadrupole mass spectrometer system. DNA 2'-deoxynucleosides and adducts eluted from liquid chromatography were first analyzed in neutral loss mode to screen for the neutral loss of the deoxyribose moiety ([M+H-116](+)) from the protonated molecular ion ([M+H](+)). The product ion scan was subsequently used to elucidate the structures for the molecular ions observed from the peaks in the neutral loss scan chromatogram. The synthesized DNA adducts were used to evaluate the developed method by reaction of 20-mer DNA oligonucleotide with two direct agents respectively, specifically phenyl glycidyl ether and styrene-7,8-oxide. The modification selectivity of two compounds to the four nitrogenous bases on DNA sequence was also investigated in this study. The results showed that the two compounds had different modification selectivity to the four bases. Both compounds could modify all four nitrogenous bases (i.e. adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine) on DNA sequences to form various covalent DNA adducts. While phenyl glycidyl ether modified almost all of thymidine on DNA sequence, styrene-7,8-oxide, on the other hand, modified only a small portion of thymidine. The developed method proved possibly a potential tool for screening of unknown DNA adducts as exposure biomarkers of contaminants to human in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhe Yao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800 C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, 50 Colombine Driveway, AL: 0800 C, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Timms JA, Relton CL, Rankin J, Strathdee G, McKay JA. DNA methylation as a potential mediator of environmental risks in the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenomics 2016; 8:519-36. [PMID: 27035209 PMCID: PMC4928498 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2015-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
5-year survival rate for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has risen to approximately 90%, yet the causal disease pathway is still poorly understood. Evidence suggests multiple 'hits' are required for disease progression; an initial genetic abnormality followed by additional secondary 'hits'. It is plausible that environmental influences may trigger these secondary hits, and with the peak incidence of diagnosis between 2 and 5 years of age, early life exposures are likely to be key. DNA methylation can be modified by many environmental exposures and is dramatically altered in cancers, including childhood ALL. Here we explore the potential that DNA methylation may be involved in the causal pathway toward disease by acting as a mediator between established environmental factors and childhood ALL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Timms
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Gordon Strathdee
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jill A McKay
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Keil KP, Lein PJ. DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvv012. [PMID: 27158529 PMCID: PMC4856164 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that gene by environment interactions are important in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the mechanisms by which environmental factors interact with genetic susceptibilities to confer individual risk for ASD remain a significant knowledge gap in the field. The epigenome, and in particular DNA methylation, is a critical gene expression regulatory mechanism in normal and pathogenic brain development. DNA methylation can be influenced by environmental factors such as diet, hormones, stress, drugs, or exposure to environmental chemicals, suggesting that environmental factors may contribute to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes of relevance to ASD via effects on DNA methylation in the developing brain. In this review, we describe epidemiological and experimental evidence implicating altered DNA methylation as a potential mechanism by which environmental chemicals confer risk for ASD, using polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, and bisphenol A (BPA) as examples. Understanding how environmental chemical exposures influence DNA methylation and how these epigenetic changes modulate the risk and/or severity of ASD will not only provide mechanistic insight regarding gene-environment interactions of relevance to ASD but may also suggest potential intervention strategies for these and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- *Correspondence address. Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel:
(530) 752-1970
; Fax:
(530) 752-7690
; E-mail:
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Bell MR, Hart BG, Gore AC. Two-hit exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls at gestational and juvenile life stages: 2. Sex-specific neuromolecular effects in the brain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:125-37. [PMID: 26620572 PMCID: PMC4703537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during early development have long-lasting, sexually dimorphic consequences on adult brain and behavior. However, few studies have investigated their effects during juvenile development, a time when increases in pubertal hormones influence brain maturation. Here, male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to PCBs (Aroclor 1221, 1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle prenatally, during juvenile development, or both, and their effects on serum hormone concentrations, gene expression, and DNA methylation were assessed in adulthood. Gene expression in male but not female brains was affected by 2-hits of PCBs, a result that paralleled behavioral effects of PCBs. Furthermore, the second hit often changed the effects of a first hit in complex ways. Thus, PCB exposures during critical fetal and juvenile developmental periods result in unique neuromolecular phenotypes, with males most vulnerable to the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Bell
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bethany G Hart
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea C Gore
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Liu D, Perkins JT, Petriello MC, Hennig B. Exposure to coplanar PCBs induces endothelial cell inflammation through epigenetic regulation of NF-κB subunit p65. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:457-65. [PMID: 26519613 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones alter cellular phenotypes without changing genetic codes. Alterations of epigenetic marks can be induced by exposure to environmental pollutants and may contribute to associated disease risks. Here we test the hypothesis that endothelial cell dysfunction induced by exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is mediated in part though histone modifications. In this study, human vascular endothelial cells were exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of several PCBs congeners (e.g., PCBs 77, 118, 126 and 153) followed by quantification of inflammatory gene expression and changes of histone methylation. Only exposure to coplanar PCBs 77 and 126 induced the expression of histone H3K9 trimethyl demethylase jumonji domain-containing protein 2B (JMJD2B) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65, activated NF-κB signaling as evidenced by nuclear translocation of p65, and up-regulated p65 target inflammatory genes, such as interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and IL-1α/β. The increased accumulation of JMJD2B in the p65 promoter led to a depletion of H3K9me3 repression mark, which accounts for the observed up-regulation of p65 and associated inflammatory genes. JMJD2B gene knockdown confirmed a critical role for this histone demethylase in mediating PCB-induced inflammation of the vascular endothelium. Finally, it was determined, via chemical inhibition, that PCB-induced up-regulation of JMJD2B was estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) dependent. These data suggest that coplanar PCBs may exert endothelial cell toxicity through changes in histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Jordan T Perkins
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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van Esterik JCJ, Verharen HW, Hodemaekers HM, Gremmer ER, Nagarajah B, Kamstra JH, Dollé MET, Legler J, van der Ven LTM. Compound- and sex-specific effects on programming of energy and immune homeostasis in adult C57BL/6JxFVB mice after perinatal TCDD and PCB 153. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:262-75. [PMID: 26415833 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds has been linked to chronic diseases later in life, like obesity and related metabolic disorders. We exposed C57BL/6JxFVB hybrid mice to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the constitutive androstane receptor/pregnane X receptor agonist polychlorinated biphenyl 153 (PCB 153) in an experimental design relevant for human exposure. Exposure occurred during gestation and lactation via maternal feed to a wide dose range (TCDD: 10-10,000 pg/kg body weight/day; PCB 153: 0.09-1406 μg/kg body weight/d). Then exposure was ceased and offspring were followed up to 1 year of age. Metabolic parameters like body weight, fat pad weights, glucose tolerance, endocrine serum profile, and neurobehavioral and immunological parameters were determined. Body weight was transiently affected by both compounds throughout the follow-up. TCDD-exposed males showed decreased fat pad and spleen weights and an increase in IL-4 production of splenic immune cells. In contrast, females showed increased fat pad weights and production of IFNγ. PCB 153-exposed males showed an increase in glucose, whereas females showed an increase in glucagon, a decrease in pancreas weight, and an increase in thymus weight. In conclusion, early life exposure to TCDD appears to affect programming of energy and immune homeostasis in offspring, whereas the effects of perinatal PCB 153 were mainly on programming of glucose homeostasis. Both compounds act sex-specifically. Lowest derived BMDLs (lower bounds of the (two sided) 90%-confidence interval for the benchmark dose) for both compounds are not lower than current tolerable daily intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C J van Esterik
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H W Verharen
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - H M Hodemaekers
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - E R Gremmer
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - B Nagarajah
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J H Kamstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M E T Dollé
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - J Legler
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - L T M van der Ven
- Center for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Casati L, Sendra R, Sibilia V, Celotti F. Endocrine disrupters: the new players able to affect the epigenome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:37. [PMID: 26151052 PMCID: PMC4471431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics represents the way by which the environment is able to program the genome; there are three main levels of epigenetic control on genome: DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and microRNA expression. The term Epigenetics has been widened by NIH to include “both heritable changes in gene activity and expression but also stable, long-term alterations in the transcriptional potential of a cell that are not necessarily heritable.” These changes might be produced mostly by the early life environment and might affect health influencing the susceptibility to develop diseases, from cancer to mental disorder, during the entire life span. The most studied environmental influences acting on epigenome are diet, infections, wasting, child care, smoking and environmental pollutants, in particular endocrine disrupters (EDs). These are environmental xenobiotics able to interfere with the normal development of the male and female reproductive systems of wildlife, of experimental animals and possibly of humans, disrupting the normal reproductive functions. Data from literature indicate that EDs can act at different levels of epigenetic control, in some cases transgenerationally, in particular when the exposure to these compounds occurs during the prenatal and earliest period of life. Some of the best characterized EDs will be considered in this review. Among the EDs, vinclozolin (VZ), and methoxychlor (MXC) promote epigenetic transgenerational effects. Polychlorinated biphenils (PCBs), the most widespread environmental EDs, affect histone post-translational modifications in a dimorphic way, possibly as the result of an alteration of gene expression of the enzymes involved in histone modification, as the demethylase Jarid1b, an enzyme also involved in regulating the interaction of androgens with their receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Ramon Sendra
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València Valencia, Spain
| | - Valeria Sibilia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Celotti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan Milan, Italy
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Ruiz-Hernandez A, Kuo CC, Rentero-Garrido P, Tang WY, Redon J, Ordovas JM, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Environmental chemicals and DNA methylation in adults: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Clin Epigenetics 2015. [PMID: 25984247 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0055-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence supports the notion that environmental exposures are associated with DNA-methylation and expression changes that can impact human health. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between environmental chemicals with DNA methylation levels in adults. After excluding arsenic, recently evaluated in a systematic review, we identified a total of 17 articles (6 on cadmium, 4 on lead, 2 on mercury, 1 on nickel, 1 on antimony, 1 on tungsten, 5 on persistent organic pollutants and perfluorinated compounds, 1 on bisphenol A, and 3 on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The selected articles reported quantitative methods to determine DNA methylation including immunocolorimetric assays for total content of genomic DNA methylation, and microarray technologies, methylation-specific quantitative PCR, Luminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA), and bisulfite pyrosequencing for DNA methylation content of genomic sites such as gene promoters, LINE-1, Alu elements, and others. Considering consistency, temporality, strength, dose-response relationship, and biological plausibility, we concluded that the current evidence is not sufficient to provide inference because differences across studies and limited samples sizes make it difficult to compare across studies and to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. Important questions for future research include the need for larger and longitudinal studies, the validation of findings, and the systematic evaluation of the dose-response relationships. Future studies should also consider the evaluation of epigenetic marks recently in the research spotlight such as DNA hydroxymethylation and the role of underlying genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruiz-Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo, 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Josep Redon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111-1524 USA ; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 2024 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Ruiz-Hernandez A, Kuo CC, Rentero-Garrido P, Tang WY, Redon J, Ordovas JM, Navas-Acien A, Tellez-Plaza M. Environmental chemicals and DNA methylation in adults: a systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:55. [PMID: 25984247 PMCID: PMC4433069 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence supports the notion that environmental exposures are associated with DNA-methylation and expression changes that can impact human health. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of epidemiologic studies evaluating the association between environmental chemicals with DNA methylation levels in adults. After excluding arsenic, recently evaluated in a systematic review, we identified a total of 17 articles (6 on cadmium, 4 on lead, 2 on mercury, 1 on nickel, 1 on antimony, 1 on tungsten, 5 on persistent organic pollutants and perfluorinated compounds, 1 on bisphenol A, and 3 on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The selected articles reported quantitative methods to determine DNA methylation including immunocolorimetric assays for total content of genomic DNA methylation, and microarray technologies, methylation-specific quantitative PCR, Luminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA), and bisulfite pyrosequencing for DNA methylation content of genomic sites such as gene promoters, LINE-1, Alu elements, and others. Considering consistency, temporality, strength, dose-response relationship, and biological plausibility, we concluded that the current evidence is not sufficient to provide inference because differences across studies and limited samples sizes make it difficult to compare across studies and to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. Important questions for future research include the need for larger and longitudinal studies, the validation of findings, and the systematic evaluation of the dose-response relationships. Future studies should also consider the evaluation of epigenetic marks recently in the research spotlight such as DNA hydroxymethylation and the role of underlying genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ruiz-Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447 Taiwan
| | - Pilar Rentero-Garrido
- Genotyping and Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Institute for Biomedical Research INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo, 4 Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wan-Yee Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Josep Redon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Minister of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111-1524 USA ; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 2024 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, 21205 MD USA
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Area of Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk, Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinic de Valencia INCLIVA, Av. Menendez Pelayo 4, Accesorio, 46010 Valencia, Spain ; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Aluru N, Kuo E, Helfrich LW, Karchner SI, Linney EA, Pais JE, Franks DG. Developmental exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin alters DNA methyltransferase (dnmt) expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:142-51. [PMID: 25732252 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications involved in the regulation of gene expression. The DNA methylation reaction is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Recent studies have demonstrated that toxicants can affect normal development by altering DNA methylation patterns, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that developmental exposure to TCDD affects dnmt gene expression patterns. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5nM TCDD for 1h from 4 to 5h post-fertilization (hpf) and sampled at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpf to determine dnmt gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. We performed a detailed analysis of zebrafish dnmt gene expression during development and in adult tissues. Our results demonstrate that dnmt3b genes are highly expressed in early stages of development, and dnmt3a genes are more abundant in later stages. TCDD exposure upregulated dnmt1 and dnmt3b2 expression, whereas dnmt3a1, 3b1, and 3b4 are downregulated following exposure. We did not observe any TCDD-induced differences in global methylation or hydroxymethylation levels, but the promoter methylation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) target genes was altered. In TCDD-exposed embryos, AHR repressor a (ahrra) and c-fos promoters were differentially methylated. To characterize the TCDD effects on DNMTs, we cloned the dnmt promoters with xenobiotic response elements and conducted AHR transactivation assays using a luciferase reporter system. Our results suggest that ahr2 can regulate dnmt3a1, dnmt3a2, and dnmt3b2 expression. Overall, we demonstrate that developmental exposure to TCDD alters dnmt expression and DNA methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanteswar Aluru
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
| | - Elaine Kuo
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lily W Helfrich
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Northwestern University, 633 Clark St, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Elwood A Linney
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3020, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - June E Pais
- New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Diana G Franks
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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Exposures in early life: associations with DNA promoter methylation in breast tumors. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 4:182-90. [PMID: 25054684 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that epigenetic changes occur early in breast carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that early-life exposures associated with breast cancer would be associated with epigenetic alterations in breast tumors. In particular, we examined DNA methylation patterns in breast tumors in association with several early-life exposures in a population-based case-control study. Promoter methylation of E-cadherin, p16 and RAR-β2 genes was assessed in archived tumor blocks from 803 cases with real-time methylation-specific PCR. Unconditional logistic regression was used for case-case comparisons of those with and without promoter methylation. We found no differences in the prevalence of DNA methylation of the individual genes by age at menarche, age at first live birth and weight at age 20. In case-case comparisons of premenopausal breast cancer, lower birth weight was associated with increased likelihood of E-cadherin promoter methylation (OR = 2.79, 95% CI, 1.15-6.82, for ⩽2.5 v. 2.6-2.9 kg); higher adult height with RAR-β2 methylation (OR = 3.34, 95% CI, 1.19-9.39, for ⩾1.65 v. <1.60 m); and not having been breastfed with p16 methylation (OR = 2.75, 95% CI, 1.14-6.62). Among postmenopausal breast cancers, birth order was associated with increased likelihood of p16 promoter methylation. Being other than first in the birth order was inversely associated with likelihood of ⩾1 of the three genes being methylated for premenopausal breast cancers, but positively associated with methylation in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that there may be alterations in methylation associated with early-life exposures that persist into adulthood and affect breast cancer risk.
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