1
|
Almeman A. The digital transformation in pharmacy: embracing online platforms and the cosmeceutical paradigm shift. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:60. [PMID: 38720390 PMCID: PMC11080122 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the face of rapid technological advancement, the pharmacy sector is undergoing a significant digital transformation. This review explores the transformative impact of digitalization in the global pharmacy sector. We illustrated how advancements in technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and online platforms are reshaping pharmacy services and education. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the growth of online pharmacy platforms and the pivotal role of telepharmacy and telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it discusses the burgeoning cosmeceutical market within online pharmacies, the regulatory challenges faced globally, and the private sector's influence on healthcare technology. Conclusively, the paper highlights future trends and technological innovations, underscoring the dynamic evolution of the pharmacy landscape in response to digital transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almeman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abu Farha R, Gharaibeh L, Alzoubi KH, Alhamad H. Exploring Community Pharmacists' Perception and Readiness Toward Telepharmacy Implementation in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Telemed J E Health 2024; 30:816-824. [PMID: 37676981 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to assess the perceptions and readiness of pharmacists toward implementing "Telepharmacy" in Jordan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted between April and May 2023. Any licensed community pharmacists practicing in Jordan were considered to be eligible to be included in this study. Pharmacists were approached at their pharmacy store using a convenience sampling method. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify predictors affecting pharmacists readiness to implement telepharmacy services. Results: Two hundred eighteen community pharmacists volunteered to participate in this study. Roughly around 42% of the pharmacists (n = 91) reported that they have previously used telepharmacy. More than 70% of the pharmacists believed that telepharmacy decreases the patient's visits to hospitals, private clinics, or pharmacies (n = 165, 75.7%). In addition, more than 65% of the pharmacists expressed their concerns that telepharmacy service may increase pharmacists' workload and commitment (n = 150, 68.8%), and it has a higher error rate for medication dispensing and filling (n = 147, 67.4%). Nearly 70% of the pharmacists (n = 153) expressed their readiness to implement telepharmacy. Regression analysis showed that pharmacists who had previous experience in using telepharmacy service and those who showed more positive perception toward telepharmacy showed significantly higher readiness to implement telepharmacy service (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusions: The utilization of telepharmacy by community pharmacists in Jordan is still limited. The adaption of telepharmacy faces many challenges, including a negative attitude from the pharmacist, financial reimbursement, training, regulations, and competency in and access to efficient technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu Farha
- Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lobna Gharaibeh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Meslamani AZ, Jarab AS. The economic impact of pharmacist intervention during pandemics. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:323-326. [PMID: 37993404 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2287487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anan S Jarab
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Siddiqua A, Makki S, Siddiqui S, A. Abdelkarim R, Jubran T, Nwar W, Alqahtani A, Alshehri M, Saeed M, Khaled A. Community Pharmacists' Knowledge and Perception towards Telepharmacy Services and Willingness to Practice It in Light of COVID-19. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:6656097. [PMID: 38328797 PMCID: PMC10849811 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6656097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was increased adoption of telepharmacy, which has proven benefits. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of the community pharmacists of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia, towards telepharmacy services and evaluate their willingness to adopt telepharmacy in clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered structured anonymous questionnaire on the community pharmacists of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. It covers demographics, computer access and literacy, knowledge and perception, and willingness to practice telepharmacy. Results were expressed as frequencies, percentages, and mean. The comparison between the classes of the demographic variables and the scores was done via Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Result About half of the pharmacists in our study showed average knowledge about telepharmacy, the practical application of telepharmacy technology, and telepharmacy guidelines with a percentage of 53%, 52%, and 47%, respectively). Majority of the participants showed high perception towards telepharmacy in Saudi Arabia, while 93% of the pharmacists in Saudi Arabia agreed that the implementation of telepharmacy technology is appropriate due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Only a significant relation was found between gender and computer access, literacy, and perceptions towards telepharmacy with p values of 0.033 and 0.026, respectively. Conclusion The majority of the community pharmacists exhibited a positive perception and are willing to practice the concept of telepharmacy despite having a below average knowledge of telepharmacy. A future study involving the entire kingdom of Saudi Arabia could help identify the gaps in the knowledge, perception, and willingness to practice telepharmacy on a broader scale and thus promote telepharmacy adoption in the entire kingdom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddiqua
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Makki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa A. Abdelkarim
- Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Informatics, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Tahani Jubran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan Nwar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahlam Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Saeed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Khaled
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alfian SD, Insani WN, Puspitasari IM, Wawruch M, Abdulah R. Effectiveness and Process Evaluation of Using Digital Health Technologies in Pharmaceutical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Studies. Telemed J E Health 2023; 29:1289-1303. [PMID: 36749170 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Digital health technology (DHT) has the potential to enhance remote health care delivery. However, little is known about the effectiveness of DHTs and factors that contribute to the limited uptake of DHTs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness and evaluation process concerning the use of DHTs in pharmaceutical care in LMICs. Methods: A literature search on PubMed and Embase was conducted to identify experimental, descriptive, qualitative, and mixed-method studies that focused on the use of DHTs in pharmaceutical care as the main intervention, reported on the effects and/or the process of the DHT intervention, were performed by pharmacists, were conducted in LMICs, and had been published in English. Two reviewers independently conducted the study selection process. A qualitative narrative review of the effectiveness of using DHTs was conducted evaluating the population, intervention, comparators, and outcomes. We summarized the content and identified themes of the evaluation process under two categories-challenges and opportunities. Results: The search produced 589 studies, of which 16 met the eligibility criteria. The most common type of DHT was mobile health application (mHealth app; n = 8), followed by mobile phone call (n = 6) and mobile video call (n = 2). Eight studies assessed the effectiveness of using DHTs in pharmaceutical care. mHealth app, mobile phone call, mobile video call, text messages, home telemonitoring, and internet-based drug information centers improved some health-related outcomes. Two of these eight studies, however, did not find significant effects of a phone call or an mHealth app on certain health-related outcomes. Of the seven quantitative studies conducting a process evaluation, all showed that patients were satisfied with the use of DHTs in pharmaceutical care provided by pharmacists. Of the two mixed-methods and one qualitative study assessing the process evaluation concerning DHT usage, three distinct themes of challenges (patient-, DHT-, and health care system-related challenges) and opportunities (patient-, DHT-, and pharmacist-related opportunities) were identified. Conclusions: DHT is a promising approach in pharmaceutical care toward improving health-related outcomes in LMICs, despite the variable intervention effects. The challenges and opportunities identified are important considerations when developing and implementing DHTs in pharmaceutical care in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofa D Alfian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Drug Utilization and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Widya N Insani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Irma M Puspitasari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Drug Utilization and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Martin Wawruch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Drug Utilization and Pharmacoepidemiology Research Group, Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed NJ, Almalki ZS, Alsawadi AH, Alturki AA, Bakarman AH, Almuaddi AM, Alshahrani SM, Alanazi MB, Alshehri AM, Albassam AA, Fatani S, Alahmari AK, Aldosari SA, Alamer AA. Knowledge, perceptions, and readiness of telepharmacy among community pharmacists. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101713. [PMID: 37559867 PMCID: PMC10406857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Telepharmacy is a practical part of telemedicine that refers to providing pharmaceutical services within the scope of the pharmacist's obligations while maintaining a temporal and spatial distance between patients, users of health services, and healthcare professionals. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted among community pharmacists in Saudi Arabia between March and May 2022 to assess their knowledge, perceptions, and readiness for telepharmacy. The survey was filled out by 404 respondents. The majority of respondents were male (59.90%) and the age of more than half of them was between 30 and 39 years old (54.46%). Most participants worked in urban areas (83.66%), and 42.57% had less than five years of experience in a pharmacy. Most participants agreed that telepharmacy is available in Saudi Arabia (82.67%). Approximately 70% of pharmacists felt that telepharmacy promotes patient medication adherence, and 77.72% agreed that telepharmacy increases patient access to pharmaceuticals in rural areas. More than 72% of pharmacists said they would work on telepharmacy initiatives in rural areas for free, and 74.26% said they would work outside of usual working hours if necessary. In the future, this research could aid in adopting full-fledged telepharmacy pharmaceutical care services in Saudi Arabia. It could also help academic initiatives by allowing telepharmacy practice models to be included as a topic course in the curriculum to prepare future pharmacists to deliver telepharmacy services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehad J. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S. Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa H. Alsawadi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen A. Alturki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz H. Bakarman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwaleed M. Almuaddi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari B. Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Fatani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K. Alahmari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A. Aldosari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alamer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santos YS, de Souza Ferreira D, de Oliveira Silva ABM, da Silva Nunes CF, de Souza Oliveira SA, da Silva DT. Global overview of pharmacist and community pharmacy actions to address COVID-19: A scoping review. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2023; 10:100261. [PMID: 37096140 PMCID: PMC10091784 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2023.100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pharmacists and community pharmacies play an important role in managing, identifying and preventing the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak. Objectives To characterize the global panorama of action by pharmacists and community pharmacies in facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The scoping review was based on the search for scientific articles in the databases: PubMed; Scopus; ScienceDirect and Web of Science. The search was carried out on August 31, 2021. The selection process was divided into 3 phases: i) title analysis; ii) analysis of study abstracts; iii) analysis of the full texts of the studies selected in the previous step. Studies were independently selected by two investigators and discrepancies resolved by consensus during focus group discussions led by a third reviewer. Results The final search yielded 36 articles for the review. The main strategies for coping with COVID-19 were grouped into 4 categories defined by consensus between the authors: (1) services for providing care to the patient; (2) product management; (3) infection prevention and control practices in community pharmacy; (4) preparation, sources of information used and training offered/received. Through these, the aim was to involve technical managerial, technical assistance and pedagogical technical actions adopted, as well as structure and process indicators that allowed the continuity of the offer of services. Conclusion During the pandemic, pharmacists and community pharmacies have been providing essential health services to communities. The results of this review may help to identify the changes adopted to face the COVID-19 pandemic and may contribute to improving the quality of practices in these establishments during the pandemic and after it, in similar situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yane Silva Santos
- Member of the Geriatrics and Gerontology Study Group (GREGG) at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina (PE), Brazil
| | - Denise de Souza Ferreira
- Pharmacy students and Members of the Geriatrics and Gerontology Study Group (GREGG) at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina (PE), Brazil
| | - Any Beatriz Matos de Oliveira Silva
- Pharmacy students and Members of the Geriatrics and Gerontology Study Group (GREGG) at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina (PE), Brazil
| | - Clara Freire da Silva Nunes
- Pharmacy students and Members of the Geriatrics and Gerontology Study Group (GREGG) at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina (PE), Brazil
| | - Sueza Abadia de Souza Oliveira
- Master in Collective Health by Federal University of Goias. President of Brazilian Society of Pharmacists and Community Pharmacies, Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - Daniel Tenório da Silva
- Coordinator of the Study Group on Geriatrics and Gerontology (GREGG) at the Federal University of Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina (PE), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmed NJ, Almalki ZS, Alsawadi AH, Alturki AA, Bakarman AH, Almuaddi AM, Alshahrani SM, Alanazi MB, Alshehri AM, Albassam AA, Alahmari AK, Alem GM, Aldosari SA, Alamer AA. Knowledge, Perceptions, and Readiness of Telepharmacy among Hospital Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081087. [PMID: 37107921 PMCID: PMC10137432 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Telepharmacy is a technology-based service that provides promoted services such as counseling, medication administration and compounding, drug therapy monitoring, and prescription review. It is unclear whether hospital pharmacists possess the necessary knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to practice telepharmacy. The current study sought to investigate Saudi Arabian hospital pharmacists' understanding, attitudes, and level of preparedness for telepharmacy services. A total of 411 pharmacists responded to the survey. Only 43.33% of the respondents agreed that telepharmacy is available in Saudi Arabia and 36.67% of the respondents agreed that patients in rural areas can have more medication access and information via telepharmacy. Only 29.33% of pharmacists agreed that telepharmacy improves patient medication adherence, and about 34.00% of the pharmacists agreed that telepharmacy saves patients money and time by eliminating the need for them to travel to healthcare facilities. This research found that hospital pharmacists were unsure of their level of knowledge, their attitude toward telepharmacy, and their willingness to incorporate it into their future pharmacy practices. To ensure that tomorrow's pharmacists have the skills they need to provide telepharmacy services, telepharmacy practice models must be incorporated into the educational programs that prepare them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehad J Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa H Alsawadi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen A Alturki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz H Bakarman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alwaleed M Almuaddi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari B Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Albassam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah K Alahmari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M Alem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Aldosari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Alamer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Watson KE, Schindel TJ, Chan JCH, Tsuyuki RT, Al Hamarneh YN. A photovoice study on community pharmacists' roles and lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:944-955. [PMID: 36935325 PMCID: PMC10008092 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists were the face of the health response to the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Their pivotal role during the pandemic has been widely recognized, as they adapted to continue to provide a higher level of care to their patients. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of frontline pharmacists' lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their roles. METHODS Photovoice, a visual research method that uses participant-generated photographs to articulate their experiences, was used with semi-structured interviews to explore pharmacists' lived experiences. Frontline community pharmacists who provided direct patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada were recruited. Participants were asked to provide 3-5 photos that reflected on how they see themselves as a pharmacist and/or represents what they do as a pharmacist. Data analysis incorporated content, thematic and visual analysis and was facilitated using NVivo software. A published conceptual framework model was used as the foundation of the analysis with care taken to include new concepts. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Alberta health research ethics board. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 21 participants and they 71 photos. This study advanced the conceptual framework model presented in a scoping review, of what was made visible (pharmacists' information, public health, and medication management roles) and what was invisible but made visible by the pandemic (pharmacists' leadership roles). It was revealed through the reflective nature of this study the important leadership role pharmacists have in their communities. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the work of community pharmacists responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through their information, public health, medication management, and leadership roles. Their experiences also made visible the cost their work had on them as they did more to adapt and continually respond as the pandemic evolved. Pharmacists recognized their role as leaders in their practice and communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Watson
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada.
| | - Theresa J Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan C H Chan
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross T Tsuyuki
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Yazid N Al Hamarneh
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quirós-González V, Rubio R, Pulido F, Rial-Crestelo D, Martín-Jurado C, Hernández-Ros MÁ, López-Jiménez EA, Ferrari JM, Caro-Teller JM, Pinar Ó, Pedrera-Jiménez M, García-Barrio N, Serrano P, Bernal JL. Healthcare outcomes in patients with HIV infection at a tertiary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2023; 41:149-154. [PMID: 34456409 PMCID: PMC8380489 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the care of patients with other diseases. Difficulty in access to healthcare during these months has been especially relevant for persons with HIV infection (PWH). This study therefore sought to ascertain the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of the measures implemented among PWH in a region with one of the highest incidence rates in Europe. Methods Retrospective, observational, pre-post intervention study to compare the outcomes of PWH attended at a high-complexity healthcare hospital from March to October 2020 and during the same months across the period 2016-2019. The intervention consisted of home drug deliveries and preferential use of non face-to-face consultations. The effectiveness of the measures implemented was determined by reference to the number of emergency visits, hospitalisations, mortality rate, and percentage of PWH with viral load >50 copies, before and after the two pandemic waves. Results A total of 2760 PWH were attended from January 2016 to October 2020. During the pandemic, there was a monthly mean of 106.87 telephone consultations and 2075 home deliveries of medical drugs dispensed to ambulatory patients. No statistically significant differences were found between the rate of admission of patients with COVID-HIV co-infection and that of the remaining patients (1172.76 admissions/100,000 population vs. 1424.29, p = 0.401) or in mortality (11.54% vs. 12.96%, p = 0.939). The percentage of PWH with viral load >50 copies was similar before and after the pandemic (1.20% pre-pandemic vs. 0.51% in 2020, p = 0.078). Conclusion Our results show that the strategies implemented during the first 8 months of the pandemic prevented any deterioration in the control and follow-up parameters routinely used on PWH. Furthermore, they contribute to the debate about how telemedicine and telepharmacy can fit into future healthcare models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Rubio
- Unidad de Infección VIH, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Pulido
- Unidad de Infección VIH, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rial-Crestelo
- Unidad de Infección VIH, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Jurado
- Servicio de Análisis de Información y Control de Gestión, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Hernández-Ros
- Servicio de Análisis de Información y Control de Gestión, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Óscar Pinar
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Serrano
- Dirección de Planificación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Bernal
- Servicio de Análisis de Información y Control de Gestión, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sungsana W, Nakaranurack C, Weeraphon B, Charoenwaiyachet W, Chanprasert S, Torvorapanit P, Santimaleeworagun W, Putcharoen O. Telepharmacy during home isolation: drug-related problems and pharmaceutical care in COVID-19 patients receiving antiviral therapy in Thailand. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 36829248 PMCID: PMC9951156 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home isolation has been proposed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with mild symptoms to avoid hospital overcrowding. This study aimed to describe the drug-related problems (DRPs) and the pharmaceutical care of home-isolating COVID-19 patients in Thailand. METHODS Our cross-sectional study was undertaken from July 1 to September 30, 2021, at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand. Patients who were ≥ 18 years old, were diagnosed with mild COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and were able to isolate at home while receiving an antiviral agent and standard symptomatic treatment were enrolled. Infectious disease pharmacists provided a telepharmacy service on days 1 and 3 after the COVID-19 diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 197 patients met the study criteria. Their median age was 45 years, and their most common underlying disease was hypertension (44.29%). All patients exhibited excellent anti-COVID-19 drug adherence. We identified 125 DRPs, including adverse reactions (68%), and the unnecessary use of products (62.40%). Moreover, 91 patients (46.19%) reported the use of supplements or herbs, with vitamin C being the main supplement (37.36%). Pharmacists provided 36 recommendations and received 33 questions from COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that telepharmacy is an essential service for detecting and preventing DRPs in home-isolating COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worapong Sungsana
- grid.444151.10000 0001 0048 9553Faculty of Pharmacy, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Chotirat Nakaranurack
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Benjabhorn Weeraphon
- grid.411825.b0000 0000 9482 780XFaculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Watsa Charoenwaiyachet
- grid.419934.20000 0001 1018 2627Department of Pharmacy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supparat Chanprasert
- grid.419934.20000 0001 1018 2627Department of Pharmacy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Torvorapanit
- grid.411628.80000 0000 9758 8584Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- grid.412620.30000 0001 2223 9723Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Opass Putcharoen
- grid.411628.80000 0000 9758 8584Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Clinical Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand ,grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lobo Borba HH, Woranovicz Carvalho DM. Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on clinical pharmaceutical services: A scoping review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:235-242. [PMID: 36175273 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated and integrated, but the scope of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is wider: technologies and innovations are diffusing faster and more widely. Despite the extensive use of telepharmacy technology by patients and pharmacists, there is an absence of research that examines the use of telepharmacy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the current evidence concerning the impact of the 4IR on the provision of pharmaceutical services. METHODS A scoping review based on the PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) mnemonic was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. Population included pharmacist/clinical pharmaceutical services, the concept referred to the 4IR and the context was open. Electronic searches retrieved 8,694 articles that were screened by titles and abstracts. The search yielded 59 studies that were analyzed in terms of country of focus, publication year, type of publication, main technologies, types of pharmacy services, and the role of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. RESULTS Most of the included studies were conducted in the United States and were published between 2005 and 2021, with the highest number of publications in the year of 2021. The majority of included articles were observational studies. Technologies addressed in the studies were those within the scope of telepharmacy, and most of the articles discussed more than one pharmaceutical service, with medication therapy management as the most frequent. CONCLUSIONS The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the use of technologies, identifying promising niches for pharmacists in the field of Pharmaceutical Care. This should encourage pharmacists to fortify their capacity to adopt new technologies in the provision of pharmaceutical services. The frequent use of various technologies has been demonstrated, which indicates the exigency for further health education actions by the pharmacist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hiemisch Lobo Borba
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, Zip code 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - Denise Maria Woranovicz Carvalho
- Department of General and Applied Administration, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Av. Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR, Zip code 80210-170, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burkauskas J, Slabadiene M, Podlipskyte A, Steibliene V. Factors associated with worsened clinical symptoms of psoriasis and disease-related quality of life during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1027853. [PMID: 36703886 PMCID: PMC9871456 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1027853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with psoriasis symptom worsening and impaired quality of life (QoL) in individuals with psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods During the second COVID-19 national lockdown (January-April 2021) in Lithuania, individuals diagnosed with psoriasis were invited to fill in an anonymous online survey including sociodemographic and life-style factors, psoriasis-related clinical symptoms, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Patients' Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Results A total of 297 respondents completed the survey. The majority of them (52.5%) reported worsened clinical symptoms of psoriasis during the COVID-19 lockdown period. In total, 43.1% of responders reported significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) and 23.6% reported impaired disease-related QoL (DLQI > 10). The strongest predictor of psoriasis symptoms worsening was the need for changes in psoriasis treatment, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.73 (95% CI 1.37-5.44, p = 0.004) and decreased income (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.30-4.17, p = 0.004). The strongest predictor of impaired QoL was male sex (OR = 3.35, 95% CI 1.70-6.59, p < 0.001). Contribution of specific depressive symptoms was evident for both models. Conclusion Worsening of psoriasis symptoms during the COVID-19 lockdown was associated with decreased income, psoriasis treatment changes and depression symptoms. Impaired QoL was associated with male sex, symptom worsening and depression. Specific depression symptoms may have contributed to more symptom worsening and impaired QoL than the depressive symptomatology as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania
| | | | - Aurelija Podlipskyte
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Aurelija Podlipskyte ✉
| | - Vesta Steibliene
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania,Psychiatry Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jarab AS, Abu Heshmeh SR, Al Meslamani AZ. Artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmacy: an overview of innovations. J Med Econ 2023; 26:1261-1265. [PMID: 37772743 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2023.2265245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anan S Jarab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shrouq R Abu Heshmeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Z Al Meslamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morillo-Verdugo R, Morillo-Lisa R, Espolita-Suarez J, Delgado-Sanchez O. Evaluation of Patient Experience With A Model of Coordinated Telematic Pharmaceutical Care Between Hospital and Rural Pharmacies in Spain: A Proof of Concept. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1037-1046. [PMID: 37082105 PMCID: PMC10112476 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s406636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the usefulness of a coordinated pharmaceutical care model between the specialized hospital setting and the rural community care setting, based on the incorporation of telepharmacy based on Capacity-Motivation-Opportunity (CMO) methodology to improve patient experience with hospital medication prescriptions. Patients and Methods Prospective cohort study in outpatients receiving telepharmacy based on CMO-based pharmaceutical care in rural areas in Spain between January and November 2021, conducted by the pharmacy department of four hospitals and 29 rural communities' pharmacy. Each patient was followed for 48 weeks on both face-to-face and telematic visits, scheduled and unscheduled at the patients' request. Patient experience (IEXPAC questionnaire), and satisfaction (EVASAF) were determined. Secondary variables included pharmaceutical care interventions, care coordination and clinical variables (compliance with pharmacotherapeutic objectives according to the clinical conditions of each patient), additionally measurement of individual holistic results (EQ5D-5L score) was evaluated. Results A new telepharmacy tool (called Telemaco) was developed for a multidisciplinary healthcare team (available at: https://inteligeniapps.com/telemaco/) that includes seven different functionalities. We evaluated the first 20 patients (50% women) were included. Their median age was 66.0 years (IQR=14). A total of 215 visits were made (adding 150 video calls). A total of 64 visits were unscheduled (29.7%). The patient´s experience showed improvement (7.4 vs 9.5, p<0.005). The results of the EVASAF questionnaire were also higher (44 vs 48, p<0.001). Overall, 573 pharmaceutical interventions were performed. A difference was observed in patients who achieved the intended pharmacotherapeutic objectives: 48.5 vs 88.2 (p< 0.001). The mean EQ-5D-5L score was 74.7 ± 3.3 at baseline and 80.6 ± 3.6 points at the end (p>0.05). Conclusion Telepharmacy based on the CMO-PC model, using the "Telemaco" tool, has improved the patient experience, satisfaction, and offered other advantages over the traditional model, including more pharmaceutical interventions adapted to the needs of each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Morillo-Verdugo
- Pharmacy Hospital Service, Hospital Valme, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: Ramón Morillo-Verdugo, Pharmacy Hospital Service, Hospital Valme, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Avda/Bellavista s/n, Sevilla, CP 41014, Spain, Tel +34 955015467, Email
| | - Rosa Morillo-Lisa
- Rural Community Pharmacy, Sociedad Española de Farmacia Rural, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Olga Delgado-Sanchez
- Pharmacy Hospital Service, Hospital Son Spases, Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Y, Su Y, Li X. Analyzing the Spatial Equity of Walking-Based Chronic Disease Pharmacies: A Case Study in Wuhan, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:278. [PMID: 36612596 PMCID: PMC9819594 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases place a substantial financial burden on both the patient and the state. As chronic diseases become increasingly prevalent with urbanization and aging, primary chronic disease pharmacies should be planned to ensure that patients receive an equitable distribution of resources. Here, the spatial equity of chronic disease pharmacies is investigated. In this study, planning radiuses and Web mapping are used to assess the walkability and accessibility of planned chronic disease pharmacies; Lorenz curves are used to evaluate the match between the service area of the pharmacies and population; location quotients are used to identify the spatial differences of the allocation of chronic disease pharmacies based on residents. Results show that chronic disease pharmacies have a planned service coverage of 38.09%, an overlap rate of 58.34%, and actual service coverage of 28.05% in Wuhan. Specifically, chronic disease pharmacies are spatially dispersed inconsistently with the population, especially the elderly. The allocation of chronic disease pharmacies is directly related to the standard of patients' livelihood. Despite this, urban development does not adequately address this group's equity in access to medication. Based on a case study in Wuhan, China, this study aims to fill this gap by investigating the spatial equity of chronic disease medication purchases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Yuwei Su
- School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Aldakheel FS, Alhmoud FY, Al-Makenzi HA, Zahrani HY, Lubbad HA, Alajami HN. An Assessment of the Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness to Use Telepharmacy Services Among the General Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e31769. [PMID: 36569686 PMCID: PMC9772859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective At the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous strategies were introduced by the authorities to contain the spread of the virus, which significantly affected people's lives and impeded their mobility. As the general public was unable to leave their dwellings, many digitalized pharmacist-led services were initiated to meet the public's needs for pharmaceutical care. The aim of this study was to ascertain the knowledge, perception, and willingness to utilize telepharmacy services and the determinants associated with these services among the general public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methodology A cross-sectional survey involving participants recruited from the Saudi general public was conducted by using a validated questionnaire. We collected information regarding participants' demographics, as well as knowledge, perception, and willingness toward telepharmacy. The results were analyzed via descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U Test was applied to assess the associations between knowledge, perception, willingness, and demographic variables regarding the utilization of telepharmacy services. Results A total of 273 Saudi citizens participated in the study; 71% (n=193) of them were aware of telepharmacy services. Many respondents showed a positive perception towards telepharmacy services and 83% (n=227) of the total participants showed their willingness to use telepharmacy services in the future. A significant association was identified between education, gender, and the knowledge of the participants regarding telepharmacy services. The demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and education, were not associated with the participants' perception regarding telepharmacy services. However, gender was significantly associated with the willingness to use telepharmacy services in the future. Conclusions Many participants had a fair knowledge and positive perception of telepharmacy services. More than two-thirds of the participants showed their willingness to utilize telepharmacy services in the future. However, further measures should be implemented involving strategies to increase the knowledge about telepharmacy by targeting the less educated among the Saudi population and those with limited access to technology.
Collapse
|
18
|
Elden NMK, Mandil AMA, Hegazy AA, Nagy N, Mabry RM, Khairy WA. Health innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from the Eastern Mediterranean Region. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6780264. [PMID: 36310503 PMCID: PMC9620347 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to document the numerous health innovations developed in response to the COVID-19 crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) using a scoping review approach. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, the Index Medicus for EMR to identify peer-reviewed articles between December 2019 and November 2020 and WHO and ministries of health websites for grey literature. Following an initial review, full-text screening identified studies reporting on health innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. RESULTS This review describes 82 health innovations reported from 20 countries across the region: 80% (n = 66) were digital and technology-based products and services including health care delivery (n = 25), public health informatics (n = 24) and prevention (n = 17); 20% (n = 16) were innovative processes including health care delivery (n = 8), educational programmes (n = 6) and community engagement (n = 2). CONCLUSION The speed with which these technologies were deployed in different contexts demonstrates their ease of adoption and manageability and thus can be considered as the most scalable. Strengthened frameworks to protect users' privacy, documentation and evaluation of impact of innovations, and training of health care professionals are fundamental for promoting health innovations in the EMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N M K Elden
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - A M A Mandil
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, 11371, Egypt
| | - A A Hegazy
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - N Nagy
- Al-Obour High Institute for Management and Informatics, Cairo, 7050210, Egypt
| | - R M Mabry
- Address correspondence to RM Mabry, E-mail:
| | - W A Khairy
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kovačević M, Ćulafić M, Vezmar Kovačević S, Borjanić S, Keleč B, Miljković B, Amidžić R. Telepharmacy service experience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e1639-e1650. [PMID: 34582591 PMCID: PMC8653267 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exerted a profound impact on health systems worldwide. Moreover, significant concerns were raised in terms of middle- and long-term consequences of postponing care in non-COVID patients. The primary aim of the study was to describe the remote pharmaceutical care service (telepharmacy) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Srpska (RS), Bosnia and Herzegovina. The secondary aim was to identify service users' needs and concerns and to describe community pharmacists' interventions. Ten community pharmacists were appointed by the Pharmaceutical Society of the RS to deliver telepharmacy services. After obtaining users' verbal permission, pharmacists documented issues discussed with them. The prospective data collection included the period from April 13 to May 21, 2020. Descriptive and statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (ver. 22). A total of 71 service users' charts were analyzed. Telepharmacy users were on average 61.31 ± 13.27 years of age, with almost equal gender distribution. Patients with chronic or acute/subacute conditions were predominant with a share of 84.5%. Chronic diseases were the main reason for searching pharmacists' consultation (74.6%), 7% had a complaint about worsening of a chronic condition, 9.9% reported only acute/subacute conditions as ambulatory conditions, whereas 15.5% asked information about coronavirus or COVID-19. The vast majority of patients' and users' needs were addressed by a pharmacist during counseling and only 15.5% of the patients required immediate referral to a doctor for refill/prescribing purposes. Remote pharmaceutical care service (telepharmacy) is deemed a convenient model in the RS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and users presented with explicit and specific needs and concerns, both COVID- and non-COVID-related, which should not be neglected. Community pharmacists showed a high level of resilience and ability in addressing patients' needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kovačević
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of PharmacyBelgradeSerbia
| | - Milica Ćulafić
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of PharmacyBelgradeSerbia
| | - Sandra Vezmar Kovačević
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of PharmacyBelgradeSerbia
| | - Slavenka Borjanić
- Pharmacy Moja apotekaBanja LukaRepublic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Branka Keleč
- Pharmacy ABC PHARMBanja LukaRepublic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Branislava Miljković
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Clinical PharmacyUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of PharmacyBelgradeSerbia
| | - Rada Amidžić
- The Pharmaceutical Society of the Republic of SrpskaBanja LukaRepublic of SrpskaBosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Interventions and Impact of Pharmacist-Delivered Services for People Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091630. [PMID: 36141242 PMCID: PMC9498522 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacists are essential members of the healthcare team. The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led pharmacists to undertake additional clinical roles. We aim to conduct a systematic review on the interventions and impact of pharmacist-delivered services in managing COVID-19 patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL plus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Web of Science from 1 December 2019 (the first case of COVID-19 emerged) to 13 January 2022 to retrieve the articles. Cochrane handbook and PRISMA guidelines were followed respectively to perform and report the review. The pharmacist-led interventions were reported following the Descriptive Elements of Pharmacist Intervention Characterization Tool (DEPICT) version 2. The protocol of systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021277128). Studies quality was assessed with the modified NOS scale. In total, 7 observational studies were identified from 10,838 studies. Identification of dosage errors (n = 6 studies), regimen modifications (n = 5), removal of obsolete/duplicate medications (n = 5), identification and management of adverse drug reactions (n = 4), drug interactions prevention (n = 2), and physicians acceptance rate (n = 3) of therapy-related services delivered in-person or via tele-pharmacy were among the pharmacist-delivered services. Common interventions delivered by pharmacists also included optimizing the use of antibacterial, antivirals, and anticoagulants in COVID-19 infected patients. The acceptance of pharmacist-delivered services by physicians was high (88.5–95.5%). Included studies have described pharmacists’ beneficial role in managing patients with COVID-19 including detection, resolution, and prevention of medication-related problems, with physicians demonstrating high trust in pharmacists’ advice. Future research should assess the feasibility and scalability of such roles in real-world settings.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tjiptoatmadja NN, Alfian SD. Knowledge, Perception, and Willingness to Use Telepharmacy Among the General Population in Indonesia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:825554. [PMID: 35646788 PMCID: PMC9130580 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 emerged as a pandemic in early 2020. Various steps were taken in an attempt to decrease the spread, which resulted in limited mobility. As people were dissuaded from going out, multiple numbers of digitalized pharmacy services arose to fulfill people's needs for medicine. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, perception, and willingness to use telepharmacy services and the affecting factors among the general population in Indonesia. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with the inclusion criteria of Indonesian citizenship, living in Indonesia, and agreement to participate. Details of demographic characteristics, knowledge and perception of telepharmacy services and willingness to use them were collected using an online questionnaire that was adapted from a previous study. The results were analyzed using a descriptive analysis method. The associations between demographic characteristics and knowledge, perception, and willingness to use telepharmacy services were tested with the Mann–Whitney U Test. Results Of 203 participants participated in this study, 51% of them had heard about telepharmacy. Over 98% of the participants had a positive perception of telepharmacy services. The majority of those who had never used it were willing to try telepharmacy services in the future. Age and educational level were significantly associated with knowledge of telepharmacy services. No associations were observed between demographic characteristics and perception and willingness to use telepharmacy services. Conclusions General population in Indonesia had a fair knowledge, a positive perception, and were willing to use telepharmacy services. Interventions to increase knowledge of telepharmacy in Indonesia need to target older adults and people who are less educated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesqi N Tjiptoatmadja
- Pharmacist Professional Education Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Sofa D Alfian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Muhammad K, Baraka MA, Shah SS, Butt MH, Wali H, Saqlain M, Mallhi TH, Hayat K, Fahelelbom KM, Joseph R, Khan YH. Exploring the perception and readiness of Pharmacists towards telepharmacy implementation; a cross sectional analysis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13296. [PMID: 35637711 PMCID: PMC9147315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amid the turbulent nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, telepharmacy has shifted the paradigm of patient care by leveraging digital medicine. Government mandated lockdowns and norms of social distancing have further underscored the need for telepharmacy. Many developed and developing countries implemented such initiatives where pharmacists have provided tele-pharmacy services via telecommunications. However, the implementation and utilization of tele-pharmacy services are quite negligible in resource limited settings due to financial and administrative constraints. This study was aimed to ascertain the perception and readiness of pharmacists working in various sectors of a resource limiting country. Methodology A cross sectional study was carried out in all provinces of Pakistan to explore the perceptions of pharmacists towards telepharmacy implementation through a 35-items study instrument. The collected data was analyzed descriptively and scored accordingly. The chi-square test was used for inferential analysis on pharmacist's perception regarding implementation of tele-pharmacy with their demographics. Results Of 380 pharmacists, the mean age is 27.67 ± 3.67 years with a preponderance of male pharmacists (n = 238, 62.6%). The pharmacists (n = 321, 84.5%) perceived that telepharmacy implementation improves patient's quality of life and decreases patients' visits (n = 291, 76.6%). Overall, pharmacists (n = 227, 59.7%) had negative perception towards benefits of telepharmacy implementation, but pharmacists had positive perception towards eligibility (n = 258, 67.9%), regulatory issues (n = 271, 71.3%) and telepharmacy during pandemic and beyond (n = 312, 82.1%). In chi-square testing gender (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.03) had a significant association with perception regarding regulatory issues. Among perception regarding telepharmacy during COVID-19 pandemic and beyond age had a significant association (p = 0.03). Among perception regarding eligibility job location of pharmacists had significant association (p = 0.04). Conclusion The majority of pharmacists had a positive perception regarding the eligibility of patients and regulatory issues/legal framework regarding the implementation of tele-pharmacy, as well as its use during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The implementation of tele-pharmacy can play a major role in providing timely and better patient care to remote patient areas and may help in the prevention and treatment of different infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khayal Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Northern Cyprus,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A. Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates,Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Syed Sikandar Shah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Cyprus
| | | | - Haytham Wali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saqlain
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Khairi Mustafa Fahelelbom
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Royes Joseph
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
ARSLAN M, AKBAL DAĞISTAN Ö, ŞAR S. Pharmaceutical Care Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey: Proposal of a Holistic Approach. BEZMIALEM SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.14235/bas.galenos.2021.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
24
|
Moulaei K, Shanbehzadeh M, Bahaadinbeigy K, Kazemi-Arpanahi H. Survey of the patients' perspectives and preferences in adopting telepharmacy versus in-person visits to the pharmacy: a feasibility study during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:99. [PMID: 35418072 PMCID: PMC9005615 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the health authorities recommended the implementation of strict social distancing and complete lockdown regulations to reduce disease spread. The pharmacists quickly adopted telemedicine (telepharmacy) as a solution against this crisis, but awareness about this technology is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore the patients' perspectives and preferences regarding telepharmacy instead of traditional in-person visits. Methods An electronic questionnaire was designed and sent to 313 patients who were eligible for the study (from March to April 2021). The questionnaire used five-point Likert scales to inquire about motivations for adopting telepharmacy and in-person visits, their perceived advantages and disadvantages, and the declining factors of telepharmacy. Finally, the results were descriptively analyzed using SPSS 22. Results Of all 313 respondents, a total of 241 (77%) preferred appointments via telepharmacy while 72 (23%) preferred in-person services. There was a significant difference between the selection percentage of telepharmacy and in-person services (chi-square 91.42; p < 0.0001). Preference bout the telepharmacy system versus in-person visits to the pharmacy was associated with factors such as "reducing the incidence of contagious disease" (4.41; ± 0.78), "spending less time receiving pharmaceutical services” (4.24; ± 0.86)), and “traveling a shorter distance for receiving pharmaceutical services" (4.25; ± 0.86). "Reducing costs" (90.87%), "saving time" (89.21%), and "reducing the incidence of contagious disease" (87.13%) were the most important reasons for choosing telepharmacy services. Also, “face-to-face communication with the pharmacist” (25%), “low internet bandwidth” (25%), and “reduction of patients' anxiety and the increase of their peace of mind” (23.61%) were the most important reasons for choosing in-person visits. Conclusion Survey data indicate that most participants are likely to prefer the use of telepharmacy, especially during crises such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Telepharmacy can be applied as an important means and a crucial service to lessen the load on healthcare organizations and expand drug supply shelters in pharmacies. However, there are still substantial hurdles to overcome in order to successfully implement the telemedicine platform as part of mainstream practice.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-022-01834-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Moulaei
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Shanbehzadeh
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kambiz Bahaadinbeigy
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dat TV, Tran TD, My NT, Nguyen TTH, Quang NNA, Tra Vo Nguyen M, Hong Ngoc Vo P, Ho TT, Manh Nguyen C, Thi Ngoc Nguyen T, Lac-Thuy NH, Nguyen NTQ, Thi Trinh DT, Nguyen-Thi HY, Huy NT. Pharmacists' Perspectives on the Use of Telepharmacy in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. J Pharm Technol 2022; 38:106-114. [PMID: 35571348 PMCID: PMC9096850 DOI: 10.1177/87551225221076327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Telepharmacy, the application of information and communication technologies in healthcare services, has been adopted in many countries to provide patients with pharmaceutical care. However, it has yet to be widely used in Vietnam. This study was conducted to assess the current status of use and the factors associated with the willingness to use telepharmacy of pharmacists in Vietnam. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2021; 414 pharmacists were recruited to fill in an online survey. Results: Overall, 86.7% of participants have used telepharmacy application and 87.2% of them were willing to apply telepharmacy in pharmacy practice. According to our multivariate analysis, the level of readiness was associated with positive attitude (odds ratio [OR] = 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26-9.66), and a good behavior (OR = 11.34; 95% CI: 3.84-33.45). Discussion: Developing a telepharmacy system with appropriate features is essential to meet the requirements of pharmacy practice amid the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Truong Van Dat
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Online Research Club, Nagasaki City,
Japan,Truong Van Dat, University of Medicine and
Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000,
Vietnam.
| | - Trung Dinh Tran
- Da Nang University of Medical
Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thao My
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hong Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Mi Tra Vo Nguyen
- Hue University of Medicine and
Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Hong Ngoc Vo
- Hue University of Medicine and
Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Institute for Global Health
Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam,Duy Tan University, Da Nang,
Vietnam
| | - Cuong Manh Nguyen
- Da Nang University of Medical
Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen-Huu Lac-Thuy
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nga TQ. Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Hai-Yen Nguyen-Thi
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at
Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club, Nagasaki City,
Japan,School of Tropical Medicine and Global
Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan,Institute of Research and Development,
Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mohamed Ibrahim O, Ibrahim RM, Ibrahim YA, Madawi EA, Al Deri MY. Shedding the light on Pharmacists' roles during COVID-19 global pandemic. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:14-27. [PMID: 34961807 PMCID: PMC8694787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION (Background)The role of pharmacists revolves around providing the highest levels of care to society and ensuring the provision of medicine to all patients. However, with the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19), pharmacists as a very important part of healthcare professionals' team are responsible for fighting against the disease regardless of their setting of practice. The role of pharmacists will undergo a little change to extend and include other roles in order to ensure the safety of the community and limit the virus spread. Also, they will be required to obtain information from reliable sources, and to be up to date, so they can be reliable advisors to the community and raise their awareness. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to highlight community and hospital pharmacists' roles during (COVID-19) global pandemic, and to clearly illustrate how they are contributing to maintain pharmacy services continuity, supporting other healthcare professionals, and facilitating the patient's education. SUMMARY Clinical pharmacists provide direct patient care through monitoring adverse drug reactions, ensuring individualized treatment, performing evidence-based practice, and evaluating drugs in clinical trials. On the other hand, community pharmacists which are the most accessible healthcare providers by the community increase their awareness regarding the preventive measures, balance medicines supply and demand, provide drive-thru and home delivery services, offer telehealth counselling, psychological support, refer suspected COVID-19 patients, and provide vaccination when available. CONCLUSION Innovative pharmacists' roles have emerged to adapt to changes during COVID-19 pandemic, however, they may be needed in the post COVID-19 world as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Rana M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousra A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiman A. Madawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maryam Y. Al Deri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Expanded roles of community pharmacists in COVID-19: A scoping literature review. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2021; 62:649-657. [PMID: 35120863 PMCID: PMC8704729 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the world health care system adversely, but it has also brought out innovative roles for health care professionals to cater to growing health care needs. Community pharmacists provide community pharmacy services and can play a vital role in fighting the pandemic by taking on novel roles that complement their pre-existing roles. Objectives This study aimed to provide a scoping review of current and emerging literature about the novel roles adopted by community pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Online databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched systematically using the keywords “COVID-19,” “pharmacist,” and “community.” Articles were selected based on availability of full text in English language, with time limit from December 1, 2019, to October 31, 2021; case reports, cross-sectional studies, literature reviews, qualitative studies, and systematic reviews were included, whereas commentary reviews and editorials were excluded from the search methodology. An independent review of the articles was conducted for inclusion based on relatability to study subject; those chosen were screened for references to find additional gray literature. Findings were arranged in themes, and the results were organized accordingly. Results Novel roles for community pharmacists were found in relation to maintenance of drug-supply chains, delivery of telepharmacy and telehealth services, provision of ambulatory pharmacy services, use of digital software to coordinate medication delivery for patients with chronic conditions, dispelling of misinformation, and roles in research and clinical trials. Roles in a post-COVID world regarding immunization of population and involvement in lifting lockdown strictures alongside other stakeholders were also explored. Conclusion Although COVID-19 has challenged the health care system, it has also provided an opportunity for development of novel and innovative roles that can ultimately have profound consequences for the health care system. Community pharmacists, despite facing multiple challenges in the community, should be facilitated to adapt with these new roles, which can be beneficial in achieving mass immunization and better health care in a post-COVID world.
Collapse
|
28
|
Li H, Zheng S, Li D, Jiang D, Liu F, Guo W, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Liu J, Zhao R. The Establishment and Practice of Pharmacy Care Service Based on Internet Social Media: Telemedicine in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707442. [PMID: 34658854 PMCID: PMC8517072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: For patients with chronic diseases requiring long-term use of medications who are quarantined at home, the management of medication therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic is a problem that pharmacists urgently need to discuss and solve. The study aims to establish and launch a telepharmacy framework to implement pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: To establish a remote pharmacy service model based on a medication consultation service platform under the official account of the "Beijing Pharmacists Association" on the social software WeChat app, obtain the medication consultation records from February 28 to April 27, 2020, during the worst period of the epidemic in China, and to perform a statistical analysis of the information about the patients seeking consultation, consultation process, content and follow-up results. Results: The medication consultation service system and telepharmacy service model based on social software were established in February 2020. The "Cloud Pharmacy Care" platform had 1,432 views and 66 followers and completed 39 counseling cases in 2 months. Counseling was available for patients of all ages. Of the 39 cases, 82.05% of patients were young and middle-aged. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the long-term medication usage problems of patients with chronic disease were effectively addressed using "Cloud Pharmacy Care". In the consultation, 35 cases (89.7%) were related to the use of medicines or health products, and 4 cases (10.3%) involved disease state management and the use of supplements. The top five drug-related issues included the selection of medications, the dosage and usage of drugs, medications for special populations, medication therapy management of chronic diseases, and adverse drug reactions. All consultations were completed within 4 h, with a positive review rate of 97.4%. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a remote pharmacy service "Cloud Pharmacy Care" based on the social software WeChat app was quickly constructed and applied to solve the medication-related problems of patients and the public during home quarantining. The significance of the study lies in the timely and interactive consultation model helps to carry out medication therapy management for chronically ill patients and improves patients' medication compliance, improves medical quality, and plays a positive role in promoting the popularization of safe medication knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siqian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Raffles Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China.,Beijing Pharmacists Association, Beijing, China
| | - Dechun Jiang
- Beijing Pharmacists Association, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Department of Pharmacy, Beijing An'ding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Raffles Hospital Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abu-Naser D. Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in Prescribing Errors in Hospitalized Diabetic Patients with Major Polypharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2021; 56:392-399. [PMID: 34381280 PMCID: PMC8326857 DOI: 10.1177/0018578720985428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: While clinical pharmacists are expected to have a potential role in minimizing prescribing errors (PEs) in patients with diabetes, the effectiveness of their interventions on the incidence and clinical significance of PEs remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions in correcting PEs in diabetic patients with major polypharmacy. Methods: This was a prospective pre-post study conducted in a secondary care hospital in Jordan over 4 months. There were 2 phases: Control, in which PEs were identified and categorized and active, in which clinical pharmacists intercepted and corrected PEs. Clinical severity of prescribing incidents was evaluated by an expert panel, comprising a senior clinical pharmacist, an internist, and cardiologist. SPSS V26 was used for data analysis. Results: Of 928 patients, 432 were followed and reviewed during the control phase and 496 during the active phase. Clinical pharmacist interventions reduced PEs by 89.5%; from 27.6% (control) to 2.9% (active). PEs per patient and PEs per medication orders were reduced from 2.1 to 0.2 and from 0.3 to 0.03, respectively. Electronic selection errors, wrong dose frequency, duplicate drugs, and allergy errors disappeared in the active phase. Significant, serious, and lethal errors were significantly reduced from 35.4%, 11.6%, and 0.2% (control) to 13.5%, 3.1%, and 0.0% (active), respectively. drugs related to CVS (OR = 5.2; 95% CI, 3.1-8.6; P < .05) versus drugs related to endocrine system was more likely to be associated with the occurrence of PEs versus no PEs. However, drug belonging to infectious (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; P < .05) versus drugs related to endocrine system was less likely to be associated with the occurrence PEs versus no PEs. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist interventions significantly reduced PEs in patients with diabetes by 89.5% and most of these interventions were clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Abu-Naser
- Department of Applied Sciences, Irbid University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yong WY, Chang CT, Chew CC, Khoo TE. Interactive virtual medication counselling in outpatient pharmacy: An accessible and safe patient counselling method during the COVID-19 pandemic. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:1860-1862. [PMID: 34272201 PMCID: PMC8254400 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Yong
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
| | - Chee-Tao Chang
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Chii-Chii Chew
- Clinical Research Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Tatt-Ee Khoo
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Watson KE, Schindel TJ, Barsoum ME, Kung JY. COVID the Catalyst for Evolving Professional Role Identity? A Scoping Review of Global Pharmacists' Roles and Services as a Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. PHARMACY 2021; 9:99. [PMID: 34064467 PMCID: PMC8162558 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic requires a range of healthcare services to meet the needs of society. The objective was to explore what is known about the roles and services performed by frontline pharmacists during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was conducted of frontline pharmacists' roles and services during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A medical librarian conducted comprehensive searches in five bibliographic databases-MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection for articles published between December 2019 and December 2020. The initial search retrieved 3269 articles. After removing duplicates, 1196 articles titles and abstracts were screened, 281 full texts were reviewed for eligibility, and 63 articles were included. This scoping review presents a conceptual framework model of the different layers made visible by COVID-19 of pharmacist roles in public health, information, and medication management. It is theorized that there is an invisible layer of change representing evolving professional role identity that may influence permanent role change following the pandemic. Thus, the pharmacy profession needs to build upon the lessons and experiences of this global pandemic and not let the momentum of the visible and invisible changes go to waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Watson
- EPICORE Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Theresa J. Schindel
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (T.J.S.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Marina E. Barsoum
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (T.J.S.); (M.E.B.)
- Oakville Trafalgar Memorial Hospital, Oakville, ON L6M 0L8, Canada
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sridhar SB, Rabbani SA. Pharmaceutical care services provided by pharmacists during COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from around the World. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC8083237 DOI: 10.1093/jphsr/rmab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Pharmacists have proven to be an indispensable member of the frontline healthcare team during this COVID-19 pandemic and have performed key roles and responsibilities to mitigate its adverse impact. They are facing several unusual challenges in these changing and evolving circumstances and are adopting novel strategies to overcome them. This review aims to identify and describe the different pharmaceutical care services delivered by pharmacists during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A review of different studies was conducted to appraise the existing literature regarding various pharmaceutical care services carried out by the pharmacist during the COVID-19 pandemic. The review was done using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive literature search was done using different databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and ProQuest to identify the relevant studies. Key findings The review highlights the various pharmaceutical care services provided and implemented by pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmaceutical care services like patient education and counselling, providing information, addressing medication shortages, teleconsultation, medication review, optimizing medication regimen, adverse drug reaction monitoring and addressing the medication-related problems are being delivered by the pharmacists in this ongoing pandemic. Conclusions All the studies described the roles and responsibilities of the pharmacists during COVID-19. This pandemic adversity has opened up new avenues for the pharmacists which have broadened their scope as the member of multidisciplinary healthcare team. Pharmacists have to overcome the unforeseen barriers and challenges and continue providing need-based pharmaceutical care services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathvik B Sridhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Arman Rabbani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abu-Naser D, Gharaibeh S, Al Meslamani AZ, Alefan Q, Abunaser R. Assessment of Extrapyramidal Symptoms Associated with Psychotropics Pharmacological Treatments, and Associated Risk Factors. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:1-7. [PMID: 33719362 PMCID: PMC7931155 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS) are unwanted symptoms commonly originating from the use of certain medications. The symptoms can range from minimal discomfort to permanent involuntary muscular movements. The aims of the study were to examine the incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS), associated risk factors, and clinical characteristics. METHODS This is a retrospective, observational study of di-EPS conducted in outpatient clinics of Jordan using the longitudinal health database (Hakeem®) for data collection. Patients who received drugs with the risk of EPS during the period 2010-2020 were included and followed. Patients with any of the known underlying conditions that may cause EPS or were currently taking drugs that may mask the symptoms were excluded. Gender and age-matched control subjects were included in the study. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS®) version 26 was used for data analysis. RESULTS The final dataset included 34898 exposed patients and 69796 matched controls. The incidence of di-EPS ranged from 9.8% [Amitriptyline 25mg] to 28.9% (Imipramine 25mg). Baseline factors associated with a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS were age {HR: 1.1 [95%CI: 0.8-1.2, p=0.003], smoking {HR: 1.7 (95%CI: 1.3-2.2), p=0.02}, tremor history {HR: 7.4 (95%CI: 5.9-8.3), p=.002} and history of taking antipsychotics {HR: 3.9, (95% CI: 2.5-4.6), p=0.001}. Patients taking paroxetine {HR: 8.6 [95%CI: 7.4-9.8], p=.0002},imipramine {HR: 8.3, [7.1-10.5], p=0.01}, or fluoxetine {HR: 8.2 (95%CI: 6.8-9.3), p=.006} had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram. Myoclonus, blepharospasm, symptoms of the basal ganglia dysfunction, and organic writers' cramp were reported among participants. CONCLUSION Patients treated with paroxetine, imipramine, fluoxetine, or clomipramine had a higher risk of developing di-EPS than patients treated with citalopram. The difference in gender was not significantly related to di-EPS development. Whereas age, smoking, and history of taking antipsychotics were significantly associated with di-EPS development. KEY FINDINGS • High incidence of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (di-EPS) was reported• Age, smoking, tremor history, and history of taking antipsychotics were risk factors of drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms.• Patients taking paroxetine, imipramine or fluoxetine had a significantly higher risk of developing di-EPS compared to patients taking citalopram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dania Abu-Naser
- Department of Applied Sciences, Irbid University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sara Gharaibeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qais Alefan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Renad Abunaser
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Assessment of inappropriate prescribing of QT interval-prolonging drugs in end-stage renal disease patients in Jordan. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
35
|
Community pharmacists’ knowledge of and attitudes toward antibiotic use, resistance, and self-medication in Jordan. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-020-00797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|