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Rahimaghaee F, Hatamipour K, Vizheh M. Spiritual Needs of Iranian Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. J Relig Health 2024:10.1007/s10943-024-02001-y. [PMID: 38316723 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Facing crises, life problems, and illnesses, many people turn to religion, spirituality, and faith as a psychosocial adjustment approach. This qualitative study assessed the spiritual needs of fourteen Iranian patients who recovered from COVID-19. Qualitative content analysis resulted in three themes, including "composure" with three categories of "prayer", "hope", and "connection"; "meaning in the life" comprising two categories of "a new prospect of life" and "the power of nature"; and "global responsibility" involving one category of "the relationships between individuals, communities, and the world". This study highlighted that patients relied on spirituality to cope with COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Rahimaghaee
- Department of Nursing, Medical Science Faculty, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Hatamipour
- Department of Nursing, Medical Science Faculty, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
| | - Maryam Vizheh
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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2
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Xiong DD, Bordeaux J. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of invasive cutaneous melanoma: A retrospective national cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:1167-1176. [PMID: 37625699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior multiinstitutional studies demonstrate that patients diagnosed with melanoma during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presented with more advanced melanomas. OBJECTIVES To further characterize patients diagnosed with melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Retrospective population-based cohort study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) registry of patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma from 2018-2020. RESULTS Patients diagnosed with melanoma in 2020 were more likely to have increased Breslow depth, more ulceration, nodular tumors, and more advanced stage at diagnosis despite less treatment delays. Patients tended to be from wealthier, more urban areas. Primary surgical treatment was more likely to be with Mohs surgery. Diagnosis in the year 2020 was not correlated with overall or disease specific survival. LIMITATIONS This is a retrospective cohort review and limited by short follow-up times, which could affect survival outcomes. There was a 15.5% drop in melanoma diagnosis in 2020 compared to prior years, which could relate to delayed presentation. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients diagnosed with melanoma in 2020 tended to have thicker, more ulcerated, and more advanced tumors, but this was not associated with survival. Further studies are needed to characterize outcomes for patients diagnosed with melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Jeremy Bordeaux
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Hossain B, Malik F, Khan A, Abidi M, Marhaba A, Oranu A, Shumeyko M, Hila A, Banks L, Patel OA, Nawaz M, Shaikh S, Nadeem H, Qazi S. Prevalence and Impact of Gastrointestinal Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 13:39-54. [PMID: 37877065 PMCID: PMC10593163 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The aim of this study is to systematically analyze and summarize the implications of COVID-19 on the digestive system by quantitatively evaluating the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, anorexia. reported in COVID-19 cases. We simultaneously investigated other variables to determine the association of such symptoms in COVID-19 patients which can potentially influence the disease prognosis and outcome. This systematic review presents an updated literature on the issue as it requires more scientific discussion in order to better inform the medical community and authorities so that appropriate measures can be taken to control the virus outbreak. Methods MEDLINE database was searched to identify relevant articles. Data was analyzed and synthesized from the 16 eligible studies which exclusively reported GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients along with the disease prognosis. A meta-analysis of studies having adequate information regarding the prevalence of specific GI symptoms in association with other relevant independent variables was performed. Results From the search strategy, we identified 16 articles which fit our eligibility criteria comprising of 10 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort study, 1 RCT and 3 observational studies. From these pooled studies, 6 articles exclusively talked about COVID-19 patients in which GI symptoms were reported and adequately discussed. In a total of 3646 patients, GI symptoms were documented in (16.2%-10.1%) patients. The most prevalent GI symptom was diarrhea (47%) but the most common clinical manifestation reported was fever (77.4%). Among the adult patients, hypertension (11.6%) was the most frequently reported comorbidity. Presence of viral RNA in stool sample was noted in 16.7% patients with GI symptom. In patients who complained of having GI symptoms, an abnormal liver function was largely observed, with an elevated ALT level in (10.9%) and an elevated AST in (8.8%) of the patients. Evidence of vertical transmission (14.2%) was reported in one study which highlights the extent and mode of viral transmission. It was observed that a great majority of the patients in the 6 studies reporting specifically on patients with GI symptoms were on antiviral therapy (68.6%) as the standard disease management protocol but the eventual disease outcome as in this case died (8.4%), discharged (45.6%) was not linked to just one therapeutic factor but other indicators of disease severity such as positive chest CT findings (87.82%) have led to a poor disease prognosis which was noted in (28.9%) severe patients with GI symptoms compared to (71.1%) non-severe COVID-19 patients with GI symptom. Conclusion Presence of GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients has shown to have a positive association with the poor disease prognosis likely as a result of direct viral toxicity. It is important for the physicians to recognize digestive symptoms as an important characteristic in COVID-19 patients. Hence, precise and targeted documentation of GI symptoms and viral stool sample investigations should be performed in order to understand the rapidly evolving disease symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam Hossain
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Fahad Malik
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Ali Khan
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Mohammad Abidi
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Ali Marhaba
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Amanke Oranu
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Mark Shumeyko
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Amine Hila
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Lesli Banks
- Gastroenterology, UHS Wilson Hospital, Johnson City, NY,
USA
| | - Owais A. Patel
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Marrium Nawaz
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Shehryar Shaikh
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Nadeem
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
| | - Shoreh Qazi
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,
Pakistan
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Abuladze LR, Blokhin IA, Gonchar AP, Suchilova MM, Vladzymyrskyy AV, Gombolevskiy VA, Balanyuk EA, Ni OG, Troshchansky DV, Reshetnikov RV. CT imaging of HIV-associated pulmonary disorders in COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Imaging 2023; 95:97-106. [PMID: 36706642 PMCID: PMC9846904 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya R. Abuladze
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation,The Vishnevsky Nаtionаl Mediсаl Reseаrсh Сenter of Surgery, 117997 Mosсow, Bol. Serpukhovskаyа str., 27, Russian Federation,Corresponding author at: Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Blokhin
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P. Gonchar
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Maria M. Suchilova
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8, Trubetskaya str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Gombolevskiy
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (AIRI), 121170, Kutuzovsky pr. 32, 1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eleonora A. Balanyuk
- Clinic of Aesthetic Medicine “Olymp Clinic”, 129090, 7, Sadovaya-Sukharevskaya str.1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G. Ni
- City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow Health Care Department, 8 Sosensky stan, Kommunarka settlement, 129301 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Troshchansky
- City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow Health Care Department, 8 Sosensky stan, Kommunarka settlement, 129301 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Reshetnikov
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
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Ahmadi K, Hosseinpour M, Rismani E, Hassaniazad M, Mafakher L, Jahantigh HR, Eftekhar E, Gouklani H. Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a patient in Iran compared to SARS-CoV-2 different variants. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1217-1232. [PMID: 35007466 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2017354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the onset of the global epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whole genome sequencing of virus in all countries has been considered to track and predict virus transmission and variation patterns. In the current study we reported a novel complete genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from Iran. Genomics variations and protein sequences were evaluated for the isolated sequence and seven Iranian complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from NCBI using the reference genome of the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1. The results showed six nucleotide substitutions. The multiple sequence alignment of the spike protein of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain and the emerging variants indicated similar its residue pattern in the current sequence to the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain. There were relatively similar binding affinity and residues involved in the interactions of the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the Wuhan-Hu-1 strain, the variants and Hormozgan With angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Tracing the phylogeny of virus indicated distinct clustering of Iranian variants in branches close to the Asian countries. The mutation effect study on the function of proteins predicted neutral impact of all six nucleotide substitutions. However, the free energy calculations indicated a decreasing the protein stability related to the mutations. This data, consistent with similar studies, showed that despite the high similarity in the nucleotide sequence of the SARS-CoV-2, the mutation pattern varies from country to country. Therefore, any country can benefit from these studies to track and find appropriate strategies for treating and controlling the epidemic.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hosseinpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Elham Rismani
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hassaniazad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Hernández-Bou S, Rivas-García A, Lera E, Valle-T-Figueras JM, Bonvehí A, Gomez B. SARS-COV-2 Infection in Children in Emergency Departments in Spain: A Multicenter Study. Pediatr Emerg Care 2023; 39:102-107. [PMID: 36719392 PMCID: PMC9897123 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The first cases of infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the Spanish pediatric population were reported on early March 2020. Although most were mild or asymptomatic, new forms of clinical presentation and severity were reported with the evolution of the pandemic. We aimed to describe demographics, clinical features, and management of children with COVID-19 treated in Spanish emergency departments (EDs). METHODS A multicenter registry including 15 pediatric EDs was carried out. Patients younger than 18 years with confirmed acute SARS-CoV2 infection diagnosed between March and August 2020 were included. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-five patients were analyzed (median age, 4.3 years). Fifty-five (13.9%) had comorbidities, and 141 (35.7%) a household contact with confirmed COVID-19. The most reported symptoms were fever (85.2%) and cough (41.7%). Fifty (12.5%) were asymptomatic. Seventeen (4.9%) were not well-appearing at presentation. Children underwent a blood test in 26.7% and a chest X-ray in 21.4%; findings were often unremarkable. Symptomatic treatment was prescribed to 80%; 6 (1.7%) received antiviral treatment. Seventy-one (20.6%) were hospitalized, and 3 (0.9%) were admitted to the intensive care unit; no patient died. The main clinical diagnoses were fever without a source (38%) and upper respiratory tract infection (32.2%); 4 (1.1%) presented a multisystem inflammatory syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Most pediatric COVID-19 cases in EDs during the first months of the pandemic were healthy, well-appearing children, presenting with fever +/- respiratory symptoms. In a significant number of cases, there was household transmission. Most children were managed as outpatients with symptomatic treatment, being exceptional the evolution to a serious illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Hernández-Bou
- From thePediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiome, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona
| | - Arístides Rivas-García
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Foundation for Biomedical Research of Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid
| | - Esther Lera
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona
| | - José María Valle-T-Figueras
- Pediatric Deparment, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, Barcelona
- Fundació Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - Aida Bonvehí
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears
| | - Borja Gomez
- Pediatric Emergency Department, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research institute, Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
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Ali A, Dilibe A, Rai S, Awosika A, Omole AE, Ahmed M, Nwosu S. Cerebral Sinus Thrombosis and Immune Thrombocytopenia Post COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report and Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e34550. [PMID: 36879697 PMCID: PMC9985429 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) following the adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine is a rare adverse event. Although the risk of VITT following the COVID-19 vaccine appears to be low, early diagnosis and management can be lifesaving. We present a case of VITT in a young female who presented with persistent headaches and fevers followed by anisocoria and right-sided hemiplegia. Initial imaging was unremarkable, and labs showed thrombocytopenia and elevated d-dimers. Repeat imaging revealed thrombosis in the left transverse and superior sagittal sinuses, and she was diagnosed with VITT. She received combined treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and systemic anticoagulation, resulting in an increased platelet count and resolution of her neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azka Ali
- Internal Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Sciences, Chicago, USA
| | - Arthur Dilibe
- Internal Medicine, East Carolina University Health, Greenville, USA
| | - Shilpa Rai
- Internal Medicine, Isra University, Hyderabad, PAK
| | - Ayoola Awosika
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.,College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Adekunle E Omole
- Anatomical Sciences, American University of Antigua, College of Medicine, Saint John, ATG
| | - Maryam Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Allied Hospital, Maple Heights, USA
| | - Stella Nwosu
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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8
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Zhang X, Wang W, Zhao X, Cheng H, Song Y, Song X. Implementing caregiver management measures in general hospitals to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Open 2022; 10:2983-2990. [PMID: 36528877 PMCID: PMC9878028 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarize the whole process management measures for caregivers of inpatients in a non-new coronavirus pneumonia designated hospital in China during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. The implementation of these measures is mainly to prevent the virus pandemic caused by crowd gathering. DESIGN A quasi-experimental study. METHODS Novel coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control measures were implemented in the 'pre-hospital link, hospitalization link and discharge link' for the whole process of the hospitalized patients' caregivers. To evaluate the effects by time point inspection, the results were fed back using information technology for quality improvement. RESULTS The results of three time point inspections indicated that the management quality of many projects improved continuously (p < 0.05). From January to June of 2021, 20 departments implemented a facial recognition information management system. The ratio of patients/caregivers admitted was 1:0.528~1:0.965; It was found that it is effective to implement the whole process management measures. The facial recognition system plays a key role in the comprehensive management of the caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Haihui Cheng
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Yang Song
- Department of CardiologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityShandongChina
| | - Xinhong Song
- Property Supervision and Management Office of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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Boast A, Curtis N, Holschier J, Purcell R, Bannister S, Plover C, Chinnapan M, Burgner D, Boyce SL, McNab S, Gwee A. An Approach to the Treatment of Children With COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:654-662. [PMID: 35622429 PMCID: PMC9281416 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are limited data to guide treatment recommendations for children with acute, symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review outlines a proposed management approach for children based on the published evidence to date and the approval of medications through drug regulatory agencies, as well as the known safety profile of the recommended drugs in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Boast
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Johanna Holschier
- Pharmacy and Medicines Information Centre, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rachael Purcell
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
| | - Samantha Bannister
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Christine Plover
- Pharmacy and Medicines Information Centre, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maidhili Chinnapan
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
| | - David Burgner
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Suzanne L. Boyce
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Sarah McNab
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
| | - Amanda Gwee
- Infectious Diseases and General Medicine, The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne
- Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Origins and Clinical Paediatrics Research Groups, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
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10
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Inui S, Fujikawa A, Gonoi W, Kawano S, Sakurai K, Uchida Y, Ishida M, Abe O. Comparison of CT findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by different major variants. Jpn J Radiol 2022; 40:1246-1256. [PMID: 35763239 PMCID: PMC9244322 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the CT findings and pneumonnia progression pattern of the Alpha and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 by comparing them with the pre-existing wild type. Method In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 392 patients with COVID-19 were included: 118 patients with wild type (70 men, 56.8 ± 20.7 years), 137 with Alpha variant (93 men, 49.4 ± 17.0 years), and 137 with Delta variant (94 men, 45.4 ± 12.4). Chest CT evaluation included opacities and repairing changes as well as lesion distribution and laterality. Chest CT severity score was also calculated. These parameters were statistically compared across the variants. Results Ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation and repairing changes were more frequent in the order of Delta variant, Alpha variant, and wild type throughout the disease course. Delta variant showed GGO with consolidation more conspicuously than did the other two on days 1–4 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.003) and days 5–8 (vs. wild type, Bonferroni corrected p < 0.001; vs. Alpha variant, Bonferroni corrected-p = 0.003). Total lung CT severity scores of Delta variant were higher than those of wild type on days 1–4 and 5–8 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.01 and Bonferroni corrected p = 0.005, respectively) and that of Alpha variant on days 1–4 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.002). There was no difference in the CT findings between wild type and Alpha variant. Conclusions Pneumonia progression of Delta variant may be more rapid and severe in the early stage than in the other two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Inui
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Radiology, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24, Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan.
| | - Akira Fujikawa
- Department of Radiology, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24, Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan
| | - Wataru Gonoi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24, Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yuto Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masanori Ishida
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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11
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Gardona RGB, da Silva JV, Arruda G, Damin S, Abdala E, Lima CAS, Vasconcellos LDS, Queiroz W, Zandonái AC, Danielsk AM, Villar de Sena AC, Cattani ÁC, Bringhentti A, Denardi A, Alérico ALS, Fergutz G, Ribas IDO, Spricigo LMV, Gandolfo L, Correa L, Bordignon JC, de Oliveira JG, Stefanel MP, Reis BC, de Campos VG, Ortigoso D, Figueiredo GM. Brazilians' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:331-340. [PMID: 35508007 PMCID: PMC9671262 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0541.23072021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease. OBJECTIVE To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional survey-type study, conducted using a population sample from different Brazilian states. METHODS A quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach was used. Sampling was done according to convenience and via snowballing. The data collection instrument was a knowledge, attitudes and practices system. RESULTS 1,655 people from all over Brazil participated in the survey; 80% were living in the southern region and 70.15% were female. More than 90% had knowledge and good attitudes relating to the means of transmission, preventive care and symptoms associated with COVID-19, although their knowledge and attitudes were not fully reflected in daily practices, for which there was lower adherence (80%). Greater knowledge was correlated with older participants, larger number of children, female sex and marital status; better attitude, with female sex and complete higher education; and better practices, with greater age, larger number of children and female sex. CONCLUSION A large part of the population has general knowledge about COVID-19, but not all knowledge was applied in practice. Older people, females and university graduates stood out as the best informed and most committed to controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Galvão Bueno Gardona
- MSc, PhD. Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - José Vitor da Silva
- MSc, PhD. Professor, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (UFAL), Alfenas (MG), Brazil.
| | - Gisele Arruda
- MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão (PR), Brazil.
| | - Silvana Damin
- MSc, PhD. Scholarship Biologist, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão (PR), Brazil.
| | - Edson Abdala
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Wladimir Queiroz
- MD, MSc. Coordinator, Research Institutes, Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Alini Cristini Zandonái
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Ailla Mazon Danielsk
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | | | - Álvaro Cesar Cattani
- MSc. Professor, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Amanda Bringhentti
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Angélica Denardi
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Ana Lígia Scotti Alérico
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Gabriella Fergutz
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Izabela de Oliveira Ribas
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Laura Maria Voss Spricigo
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Lara Gandolfo
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Liamara Correa
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Jardel Cristiano Bordignon
- MSc. Professor, Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | | | - Michel Pandolfo Stefanel
- Medical Undergraduate Student, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Castro Reis
- MD. Neonatologist, Hospital Regional do Sudoeste - Dr. Walter Alberto Pecoits (HRS), Francisco Beltrão (PR); and Professor, Centro Universitário de Pato Branco (UNIDEP), Pato Branco (PR), Brazil.
| | | | - Danilo Ortigoso
- BA. Journalist, Self-employed journalism/medical press office, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Gerusa Maria Figueiredo
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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12
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Jia SZ, Zhao YZ, Liu JQ, Guo X, Chen MX, Zhou SM, Zhou JL. Study of Mental Health Status of the Resident Physicians in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:764638. [PMID: 35369176 PMCID: PMC8964786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.764638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Investigating the mental health status of Chinese resident physicians during the 2019 new coronavirus outbreak. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted to collect all China-wide resident physicians during the epidemic period as the research subjects. The Symptom Checklist-90 self-rating scale was used to assess mental health using WeChat electronic questionnaires. Results In total, 511 electronic questionnaires were recovered, all of which were valid. The negative psychological detection rate was 93.9% (480/511). Among the symptoms on the self-rating scale, more than half of the Chinese resident physicians had mild to moderate symptoms of mental unhealthiness, and a few had asymptomatic or severe unhealthy mental states. In particular, the detection rate of abnormality was 88.3% (451/511), obsessive-compulsive symptoms was 90.4% (462/511), the sensitive interpersonal relationship was 90.6% (463/511), depression abnormality was 90.8% (464)/511), anxiety abnormality was 88.3% (451/511), hostility abnormality was 85.3% (436/511), terror abnormality was 84.9% (434/511), paranoia abnormality was 86.9% (444/511), psychotic abnormalities was 89.0% (455/511), and abnormal sleeping and eating status was 90.8% (464/511). The scores of various psychological symptoms of pediatric resident physicians were significantly lower than those of non-pediatrics (p < 0.05). Conclusion The new coronavirus epidemic has a greater impact on the mental health of Chinese resident physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Zhen Jia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Ming Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Li Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Zimmermann P, Curtis N. Why Does the Severity of COVID-19 Differ With Age?: Understanding the Mechanisms Underlying the Age Gradient in Outcome Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:e36-45. [PMID: 34966142 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many hypotheses for the age-related difference in the severity of COVID-19, differences in innate, adaptive and heterologous immunity, together with differences in endothelial and clotting function, are the most likely mechanisms underlying the marked age gradient. Children have a faster and stronger innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, especially in the nasal mucosa, which rapidly controls the virus. In contrast, adults can have an overactive, dysregulated and less effective innate response that leads to uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cytokine production and tissue injury. More recent exposure to other viruses and routine vaccines in children might be associated with protective cross-reactive antibodies and T cells against SARS-CoV-2. There is less evidence to support other mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the age-related difference in outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including pre-existing immunity from exposure to common circulating coronaviruses, differences in the distribution and expression of the entry receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and difference in viral load.
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14
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Ribeiro PC, da Cunha CJD, dos Santos ADOR, Lucarevschi BR, César ACG, Nascimento LFC. Association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalization for SARS-Cov-2: an ecological time-series study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022210. [PMID: 36197352 PMCID: PMC10065099 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0210.r2.09082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristina Ribeiro
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristóvão José Dias da Cunha
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Rezende Lucarevschi
- MD, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gobbo César
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência
e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista (SP), Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Guaratinguetá (SP),
Brazil; and Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
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15
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Arabpour E, Khoshdel S, Tabatabaie N, Akhgarzad A, Zangiabadian M, Nasiri MJ. Stem Cells Therapy for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:737590. [PMID: 34912818 PMCID: PMC8666565 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.737590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination seems to be a good solution for preventing and controlling coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, but still there are some challenges in COVID-19 vaccination. Investigating new therapeutic options for COVID-19 is necessary. The current study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stem cells in treating patients with COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the relevant scientific literature published up to April 1, 2021. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was assessed using a fixed or random-effect model. We considered P < 0.05 as statistically significant for publication bias. Data were analyzed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Results: After reviewing 1,262 records, we identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The analysis showed that stem cell therapy could significantly reduce the mortality rate (RR 0.471, 95% CI: 0.270–0.821) and morbidity (RR 0.788, 95% CI: 0.626–0.992) in patients with COVID-19; compared with the control group. Conclusions: The present study suggests that stem cell therapy has a remarkable effect on reducing mortality and morbidity of patients with COVID-19. Further large-scale studies are needed to approve these results. Defining a protocol for stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19 can lead to achieving the best clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Arabpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Khoshdel
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Tabatabaie
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akhgarzad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Sazed SA, Kibria MG, Hossain MS, Zamil MF, Adhikary PC, Hossain ME, Ahmed D, Haque R, Alam MS. Clinical Evaluation of a New Antigen-Based COVID-19 Rapid Diagnostic Test from Symptomatic Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2300. [PMID: 34943537 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis at the right moment is the prerequisite for treatment of any disease. Failure to correctly diagnose a disease can result in highly detrimental effects, unmistakably a crucial factor during the COVID-19 pandemic. RT-PCR is the gold standard for COVID-19 detection while there are other test procedures available, such as LAMP, X-Ray, and ELISA. However, these tests are expensive, require sophisticated equipment and a highly trained workforce, and multiple hours or even days are often required to obtain the test results. A rapid and cheap detection system can thus render a solution to the screening system on a larger scale and be added as an aid to the current detection processes. Recently, some rapid antigen-based COVID-19 tests devices have been developed and commercialized. In this study, we evaluated the clinical performance of a new rapid detection device (OnSite® COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test by CTK Biotech Inc., Poway, CA, USA) on COVID-19 symptomatic patients (n = 380). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 91.0% (95% CI: 84.8–95.3%) and 99.2% (95% CI: 97.1–99.9), against gold standard RT-PCR. The kit was capable of detecting patients even after 06 days of onset of symptoms and the sensitivity can be maximized to 98% in samples with an average RT-PCR Ct ≤ 26.48, demonstrating a high potential of the kit for clinical diagnosis of symptomatic patients in healthcare facilities.
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17
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Harris TF, Yelowitz A, Courtemanche C. Did COVID-19 change life insurance offerings? J Risk Insur 2021; 88:831-861. [PMID: 34226761 PMCID: PMC8242708 DOI: 10.1111/jori.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The profitability of life insurance offerings is contingent on accurate projections and pricing of mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic created significant uncertainty, with dire mortality predictions from early forecasts resulting in widespread government intervention and greater individual precaution that reduced the projected death toll. We analyze how life insurance companies changed pricing and offerings in response to COVID-19 using monthly data on term life insurance policies from Compulife. We estimate event-study models that exploit well-established variation in the COVID-19 mortality rate based on age and underlying health status. Despite the increase in mortality risk and significant uncertainty, the results generally indicate that life insurance companies did not increase premiums or decrease policy offerings due to COVID-19. Nonetheless, we find some evidence that premiums differentially increased for individuals with very high risk and that some policies were removed for the oldest of the old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Yelowitz
- Department of Economics, Gatton College of Business and EconomicsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Charles Courtemanche
- Department of Economics, Gatton College of Business and EconomicsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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18
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Inui S, Gonoi W, Kurokawa R, Nakai Y, Watanabe Y, Sakurai K, Ishida M, Fujikawa A, Abe O. The role of chest imaging in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Insights Imaging 2021; 12:155. [PMID: 34727257 PMCID: PMC8561360 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major public health crisis all over the world. The role of chest imaging, especially computed tomography (CT), has evolved during the pandemic paralleling the accumulation of scientific evidence. In the early stage of the pandemic, the performance of chest imaging for COVID-19 has widely been debated especially in the context of comparison to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Current evidence is against the use of chest imaging for routine screening of COVID-19 contrary to the initial expectations. It still has an integral role to play, however, in its work up and staging, especially when assessing complications or disease progression. Chest CT is gold standard imaging modality for COVID-19 pneumonia; in some situations, chest X-ray or ultrasound may be an effective alternative. The most important role of radiologists in this context is to be able to identify those patients at greatest risk of imminent clinical decompensation by learning to stratify cases of COVID-19 on the basis of radiologic imaging in the most efficient and timely fashion possible. The present availability of multiple and more refined CT grading systems and classification is now making this task easier and thereby contributing to the recent improvements achieved in COVID-19 treatment and outcomes. In this article, evidence of chest imaging regarding diagnosis, management and monitoring of COVID-19 will be chronologically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Inui
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Radiology, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24, Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan.
| | - Wataru Gonoi
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurokawa
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, UH B2, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yudai Nakai
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keita Sakurai
- Department of Radiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Ishida
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Fujikawa
- Department of Radiology, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, 1-2-24, Ikejiri, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-0001, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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19
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is limited data on newborns born to mothers with COVID-19 infection. This multicenter cohort study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates born to mothers with and without COVID-19 infection to fill a gap in the literature review. METHODS The medical records of all neonates in Isfahan, Iran, between October 2020 and March 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Among the 600 neonates in this study, 255 (42.5%) were in the infected group and 345 (57.5%) were assigned to the control group as they were born to non-infected mothers. In the infected group, sepsis, fever and pneumothorax were detected in 3 (1.2%), 3 (1.2%) and 4 (1.6%) neonates, respectively, compared with no case in the control group. In the infected group, neonatal respiratory distress (NRDS) (32, 12.5%) was significantly higher than the control group (27, 10.6%). Asphyxia in the infected group was 22(6.4%), compared with 19 (5.5%), in the control group. Preterm labor (PTL) (55, 21.65%), premature rupture of membranes (PROMs) (24, 9.4%) and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (15, 5.9%) were significantly higher in women with COVID-19 (45, 13.0%, 4, 1.2% and 7, 2.0%, respectively). Low birth weight (LBW) accounted for 42 (16.5%) neonates in the infected group and 25 (7.2%) in the control group (p < 0.05). Of the 255 neonates born to infected mothers, 38 (14.9%) were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), compared with 31 out of 345 (9.0%) in the control group (p < 0.05). RT-PCR test results were positive in two newborns (0.8%), one of whom died of necrotizing enterocolitis. CONCLUSION As a result of maternal COVID-19 infections, neonates experienced higher rates of sepsis, fever, pneumothorax, asphyxia and NRDS in addition to PTL, PROMs, IUGR, and LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vizheh
- Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733171, Iran.,Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Maryam Allahdadian
- Department of Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 155/84515, Iran
| | - Salut Muhidin
- Department of Management, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mahboubeh Valiani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Bagheri
- Alzahra Hospital, Research Committee, Midwifery and Reproductive Health Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Forogh Borandegi
- Amin Hospital, Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ghasimi
- Esabne Maryam Hospital, Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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20
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Kobayashi GS, Brito LA, Moreira DDP, Suzuki AM, Hsia GSP, Pimentel LF, de Paiva APB, Dias CR, Lourenço NCV, Oliveira BA, Manuli ER, Corral MA, Cavaçana N, Mitne-Neto M, Sales MM, Dell’ Aquila LP, Filho AR, Parrillo EF, Mendes-Corrêa MC, Sabino EC, Costa SF, Leal FE, Sgro GG, Farah CS, Zatz M, Passos-Bueno MR. A Novel Saliva RT-LAMP Workflow for Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Cases and Restraining Viral Spread. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1400. [PMID: 34441334 PMCID: PMC8391450 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostics is pivotal to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and saliva has emerged as a practical alternative to naso/oropharyngeal (NOP) specimens. We aimed to develop a direct RT-LAMP (reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification) workflow for viral detection in saliva, and to provide more information regarding its potential in curbing COVID-19 transmission. Clinical and contrived specimens were used to optimize formulations and sample processing protocols. Salivary viral load was determined in symptomatic patients to evaluate the clinical performance of the test and to characterize saliva based on age, gender and time from onset of symptoms. Our workflow achieved an overall sensitivity of 77.2% (n = 90), with 93.2% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and 0.895 Kappa for specimens containing >102 copies/μL (n = 77). Further analyses in saliva showed that viral load peaks in the first days of symptoms and decreases afterwards, and that viral load is ~10 times lower in females compared to males, and declines following symptom onset. NOP RT-PCR data did not yield relevant associations. This work suggests that saliva reflects the transmission dynamics better than NOP specimens, and reveals gender differences that may reflect higher transmission by males. This saliva RT-LAMP workflow can be applied to track viral spread and, to maximize detection, testing should be performed immediately after symptoms are presented, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Luciano Abreu Brito
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Danielle de Paula Moreira
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Angela May Suzuki
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gabriella Shih Ping Hsia
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lylyan Fragoso Pimentel
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ana Paula Barreto de Paiva
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carolina Regoli Dias
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Naila Cristina Vilaça Lourenço
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Beatriz Araujo Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.A.O.); (E.R.M.); (M.C.M.-C.); (E.C.S.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Erika Regina Manuli
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.A.O.); (E.R.M.); (M.C.M.-C.); (E.C.S.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Marcelo Andreetta Corral
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Natale Cavaçana
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miguel Mitne-Neto
- Grupo Fleury, Research and Development, São Paulo 04344-070, Brazil;
| | - Maria Mirtes Sales
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Prevent Senior, São Paulo 04547-100, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (L.P.D.A.); (A.R.F.); (E.F.P.)
| | - Luiz Phellipe Dell’ Aquila
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Prevent Senior, São Paulo 04547-100, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (L.P.D.A.); (A.R.F.); (E.F.P.)
| | - Alvaro Razuk Filho
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Prevent Senior, São Paulo 04547-100, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (L.P.D.A.); (A.R.F.); (E.F.P.)
| | - Eduardo Fagundes Parrillo
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Prevent Senior, São Paulo 04547-100, Brazil; (M.M.S.); (L.P.D.A.); (A.R.F.); (E.F.P.)
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Corrêa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.A.O.); (E.R.M.); (M.C.M.-C.); (E.C.S.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.A.O.); (E.R.M.); (M.C.M.-C.); (E.C.S.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (B.A.O.); (E.R.M.); (M.C.M.-C.); (E.C.S.); (S.F.C.)
| | - Fabio Eudes Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil;
| | - Germán Gustavo Sgro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (G.G.S.); (C.S.F.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Chuck Shaker Farah
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (G.G.S.); (C.S.F.)
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa Sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco (HUG-CELL), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil; (L.A.B.); (D.d.P.M.); (A.M.S.); (G.S.P.H.); (L.F.P.); (A.P.B.d.P.); (C.R.D.); (N.C.V.L.); (M.A.C.); (N.C.); (M.Z.)
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21
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Chambergo-Michilot D, Barros-Sevillano S, Rivera-Torrejón O, De la Cruz-Ku GA, Custodio N. Factors associated with COVID-19 in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3467-3477. [PMID: 33983673 PMCID: PMC8239569 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background There is debate as to whether there is an increased risk of COVID‐19 infection in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), possibly due to associated factors. This study aimed to systematically review the factors associated with COVID‐19 in people with PD. Methods A search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to November 2020 (updated until 1 April 2021). Observational studies that analyzed factors associated with COVID‐19 in people with PD were selected and revised. Results The authors included six studies (four case‐controlled studies and two cross‐sectional studies) in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. The authors found that the following factors were associated with COVID‐19 in people with PD: obesity (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.07–2.99, I2: 0%), any pulmonary disease (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.17–3.15, I2: 0%), COVID‐19 contact (OR: 41.77, 95% CI: 4.77 – 365.56, I2: 0%), vitamin D supplementation (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30–0.83, I2: 0%), hospitalization (OR: 11.78, 95% CI: 6.27–22.12, I2: 0%), and death (OR: 11.23, 95% CI: 3.92–32.18, I2: 0%). The authors did not find any significant association between COVID‐19 and hypertension, diabetes, cardiopathy, cancer, any cognitive problem, dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal or hepatic disease, smoking, and tremor. Conclusions Meta‐analyses were limited by the number of events and some methodological limitations. Despite this, the authors assessed the available evidence, and the results may be useful for future health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Chambergo-Michilot
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.,Department of Cardiology Research, Torres de Salud National Research Center, Lima, Peru.,Red Latinoamericana de Cardiología, Lima, Perú
| | - Shamir Barros-Sevillano
- Tau-RELAPED Group, Trujillo, Perú.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Perú.,Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Perú
| | - Oscar Rivera-Torrejón
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.,Sociedad Científica de San Fernando, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Nilton Custodio
- Cognitive Neurology Center, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Perú
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22
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Shi JC, Yu ZJ, He GQ, Chen W, Ye XC, Wu ZX, Zhu XQ, Pan JZ, Jiang XG. Epidemiological Features of 105 Patients Infected with the COVID-19. J Natl Med Assoc 2021; 113:212-217. [PMID: 33268103 PMCID: PMC7581504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2020.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate and evaluate the clinical features of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outside of Wuhan. METHODS 105 patients admitted to our hospital with clinical- and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were studied. Data were collected from January 17, 2020 to March 5, 2020. RESULTS 105 patients (57 male and 48 female) were confirmed to have COVID-19 infection. Among the 105 patients, 55 (52%) had made short trips to Wuhan during the two weeks before the onset of illness, and these were the first-generation confirmed cases. An exact date of close contact with someone in Wenzhou with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection from Wuhan (the second-generation confirmed cases) could be provided by 38 (36%) patients. Of the remaining patients, six (6%; the third-generation confirmed cases) were familial clusters of the second-generation confirmed cases, three (3%) had no definite epidemiological features, and 16 (15%) were from the same location as for the case report. CONCLUSION Due to the infectiousness of COVID-19, patients with infections should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible after developing fever symptoms or showing other clinical characteristics or imaging features. With respect to high-risk cases, we must focus on any complications that arise and take effective measures to treat them immediately. This will significantly improve the prognosis of patients with severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chan Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gui-Qing He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Chun Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Xing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiao-Zhi Pan
- Departments of Infectious Diseases, Yongjia People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian-Gao Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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23
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Li Z, Chen Y, Yang B, Song H, Chen W, Zhou H. Successful recovery of a patient with multiple myeloma from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia during the first chemotherapy cycle: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:392. [PMID: 33680114 PMCID: PMC7918348 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A continuing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was initially described in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Weak and elderly individuals, and those with chronic diseases such as hematological malignancies are prone to develop severe pneumonia. The humoral immunity of patients with multiple myeloma is prevalently low, and their inferior immunity further deteriorates during chemotherapy. For patients with onco-hematological malignancies infected with 2019-nCoV during the first chemotherapy cycle, the clinical treatment experience is lacking. The present study is a report of a 61-year-old patient newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the key 2019-nCoV outbreak area, who suffered severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia during the first chemotherapy cycle. The present case report demonstrated that a rapidly progressive and severe form of pneumonia was a specific clinical feature of COVID-19, especially in immunocompromised patients with cancer. The treatment strategy combining timely suspending chemotherapy, early intervention using intravenous immunoglobulin, interferon α inhalation and oral antiviral drugs was effective. Therefore, in the pandemic environment, it is strongly recommend that the risk of 2019-nCoV infection is assessed prior to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wanxin Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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24
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Penrod Y, Garcia D, Dunn ST. Evaluation of transport media for laboratory detection of SARS-CoV-2 in upper respiratory tract swab specimens. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2774-2781. [PMID: 33128389 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reduced availability of commercial swabs and transport media for testing and administrative demands for increased testing capacity during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency has seriously challenged national laboratory testing programs, forcing many to use nontraditional collection devices, often without typical analytical assessment of their suitability in testing. Five common transport media (four commercial and one in-house) were evaluated for their suitability in the collection of nasopharyngeal swab specimens for subsequent molecular detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results suggest that these transport media provide dependable temporal stability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus without significant analytical interference of molecular assays. These findings are not only important for addressing critical laboratory supply chain shortages of transport media in the current COVID-19 health crisis but also for future pandemic planning, when again supplies of commercially available transport media might be depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Penrod
- Oklahoma State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Denise Garcia
- Oklahoma State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
| | - S Terence Dunn
- Oklahoma State Department of Health, Public Health Laboratory, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA
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25
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Abstract
Background The recent outbreak of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, PR China, was caused by a novel beta coronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Purpose To summarize chest computed tomography (CT) manifestations of the early stage of COVID-19 infection and provide a piece of reliable imaging evidence for initial screening and diagnosis. Material and Methods From 10 January 2020 to 10 February 2020, we continuously observed chest CT imaging of 14 patients with clinically suspected new coronavirus infection in the two weeks after onset of symptoms. Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, reticular pattern, and ground-glass mimic nodules in each patient’s chest CT image were recorded. Results We enrolled 14 patients, of which nine patients had the infection confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Five patients were highly suspected of infection. All cases had epidemiological evidence. GGO was a dominant imaging manifestation in the initial days of infection. GGO performance accounts for 40% in 1– 2 days, 90% in 3– 6 days, and 85% in 7– 10 days. With disease progression, consolidation appeared on follow-up CT. Consolidation performance accounts for 0% in 1– 2 days, 40% in 3– 6 days, and 71% in 7– 10 days. The lesions are mostly near the pleura. The number of lesions and the extent of the lesions increased as the disease progressed. Conclusion Patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia have characteristic CT features in the initial stage of infection, which can be used as an essential supplement for nucleic acid examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chang-Hong Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Pan Y, Li X, Yang G, Fan J, Tang Y, Hong X, Guo S, Li J, Yao D, Cheng Z, Yuan Y, Li Y, Wang X. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin antibodies in Wuhan, China: part of the city-wide massive testing campaign. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:253-257. [PMID: 33035672 PMCID: PMC7539137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The outbreak of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan, China, has subsided after being hard hit by the disease and subsequent city lockdown. Information on the number of people involved in Wuhan is still inadequate. This study aimed to describe the screening results of 61 437 community members in Wuchang District, Wuhan. METHODS In mid-May 2020, Wuhan launched a population-scale city-wide SARS-CoV-2 testing campaign, which aimed to perform nucleic acid and viral antibody testing for citizens in Wuhan. Here we show the screening results of cluster sampling of 61 437 residents in Wuchang District, Wuhan, China. RESULTS A total of 1470 (2.39%, 95% CI 2.27-2.52) individuals were detected positive for at least one antiviral antibody. Among the positive individuals, 324 (0.53%, 95% CI 0.47-0.59) and 1200 (1.95%, 95% CI 1.85-2.07) were positive for immunoglobulin IgM and IgG, respectively, and 54 (0.08%, 95% CI 0.07-0.12) were positive for both antibodies. The positive rate of female carriers of antibodies was higher than those of male counterparts (male-to-female ratio of 0.75), especially in elderly citizens (ratio of 0.18 in 90+ age subgroup), indicating a sexual discrepancy in seroprevalence. In addition, viral nucleic acid detection using real-time PCR had showed 8 (0.013%, 95% CI 0.006-0.026) asymptomatic virus carriers. DISCUSSION The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan was low. Most Wuhan residents are still susceptible to this virus. Precautions, such as wearing mask, frequent hand hygiene and proper social distance, are necessary before an effective vaccine or antiviral treatments are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueting Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyue Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongai Yao
- Physical Examination Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenshun Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yirong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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27
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Mak GCK, Lau SSY, Wong KKY, Chow NLS, Lau CS, Lam ETK, Chan RCW, Tsang DNC. Evaluation of rapid antigen detection kit from the WHO Emergency Use List for detecting SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Virol 2021; 134:104712. [PMID: 33338894 PMCID: PMC7716730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are two rapid antigen detection (RAD) kits from the WHO Emergency Use List for detecting SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE The Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device was selected to evaluate the performance for detecting SARS-CoV-2. STUDY DESIGN Analytical sensitivity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus was determined by limit of detection (LOD) using RT-PCR as a reference method. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated by using respiratory specimens collected from confirmed COVID-19 patients. RESULTS The LOD results showed that the RAD kit was 100 fold less sensitive than RT-PCR. Clinical sensitivity of the RAD kit was 68.6 % for detecting specimens from COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS The RAD kit evaluated in the present study shared similar performance with another kit from the WHO Emergency Use List, the Standard Q COVID-19 Ag. Understanding the clinical characteristics of RAD kits can guide us to decide different testing strategies in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gannon C K Mak
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Stephen S Y Lau
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kitty K Y Wong
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Nancy L S Chow
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C S Lau
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Edman T K Lam
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rickjason C W Chan
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dominic N C Tsang
- All from Microbiology Division, Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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28
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Liu M, Han S, Liao Q, Chang L, Tan Y, Jia P, Yang L, Cai H, Feng S, Chen C, Zhang S, Jia Z, Yi J. Outcomes and prognostic factors in 70 non-survivors and 595 survivors with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3611-3623. [PMID: 33378566 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in December 2019, more than 51 million cases had been reported globally. We aimed to identify the risk factors for in-hospital fatal outcome and severe pneumonia of this disease. This is a retrospective, multicentre study, which included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 with definite outcomes (died or discharged) hospitalized between 1 January and 4 March 2020 in Wuhan. Of all 665 patients included, 70 died and 595 discharged (including 333 mild and 262 severe cases). Underlying comorbidity was more commonly observed among deaths (72.9%) than mild (26.4%) and severe (61.5%) survivors, with hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular as dominant diseases. Fever and cough were the primary clinical magnifications. Older age (≥65 years) (OR = 3.174, 95% CI = 1.356-7.755), diabetes (OR = 2.540, 95% CI = 0.995-6.377), dyspnoea (OR = 7.478, 95% CI = 3.031-19.528), respiratory failure (OR = 10.528, 95% CI = 4.484-25.829), acute cardiac injury (OR = 25.103, 95% CI = 9.057-76.590) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR = 7.308, 95% CI = 1.501-46.348) were associated with in-hospital fatal outcome. In addition, older age (OR = 2.149, 95% CI = 1.424-3.248), diabetes (OR = 3.951, 95% CI = 2.077-7.788), cardiovascular disease (OR = 3.414, 95% CI = 1.432-8.799), nervous system disease (OR = 4.125, 95% CI = 1.252-18.681), dyspnoea (OR = 31.944, 95% CI = 18.877-92.741), achieving highest in-hospital temperature of >39.0°C (OR = 37.450, 95% CI = 7.402-683.403) and longer onset of illness to diagnosis (≥9 days) were statistically associated with higher risk of developing severe COVID-19. In conclusion, the potential risk factors forolder age, diabetes, dyspnoea, respiratory failure, acute cardiac injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuolong Han
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Liping Chang
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | | | - Libo Yang
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | | | - Can Chen
- Yidu Cloud Technology Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- Yidu Cloud Technology Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Yiling Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Collateral Disease Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Wuhan Ninth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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29
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Jing QL, Li YG, Ma MM, Gu YZ, Li K, Ma Y, Wu D, Wu Y, Luo L, Zhang ZB. [Contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus based on cluster epidemics of COVID-19 in Guangzhou]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1623-1626. [PMID: 32388933 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200310-00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus in cluster epidemics in Guangzhou and provide evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: All the individuals identified to be infected with 2019-nCoV in Guangzhou, including confirmed cases and asymptomatic cases, were included and classified as imported cases and local cases. The first case of each cluster epidemic was defined as index case, and the number of subsequent infections was calculated to evaluate the contagiousness and secondary attack rate of 2019 novel coronavirus in the shortest incubation period of 1-3 days. Results: As of 18 February, 2020, a total of 349 cases of 2019-nCoV infection, including 339 confirmed cases (97.13%) and 10 asymptomatic cases (2.87%) were reported in Guangzhou. There were 68 clusters involving 217 2019-nCoV infection cases (210 confirmed cases and 7 asymptomatic cases). The median number of subsequent infections caused by an index case in a cluster epidemic was 3, among which 2 were confirmed cases and 1 was asymptomatic cases, respectively. The average number of contagiousness was 2.18 in shorted incubation period of 1-3 days (The average number of infected cases were 2.18 cases by the index case in a cluster epidemic), the average infection number in family members was 1.86, and the infection ratio of family member transmission was 85.32% (1.86/2.18). The secondary attack rate in close contacts with shortest incubation period of 1-3 days was 17.12%-18.99%, the secondary attack rate in family members was 46.11%-49.56%. Conclusions: The cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in Guangzhou mainly occurred in families, the contagiousness was high. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control to reduce the community transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Jing
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y G Li
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - M M Ma
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Z Gu
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - K Li
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Ma
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - D Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Y Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - L Luo
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Z B Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
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30
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He N, Lu YH, Li LM, Shen HB, Yang WZ, Feng ZJ. [Epidemiological study design of asymptomatic infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1577-1581. [PMID: 32736419 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200723-00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). COVID-19 clinical cases are considered as the principal source of infection, however, asymptomatic cases may also play a role in the transmission. Significant gap exists in terms of the proportion or prevalence and transmissibility of asymptomatic cases. This study design plans to use data from areas with different epidemiological profiles to investigate the COVID-19 epidemic in China. In each selected region, both general community residents and key populations at high risk of COVID-19 infection, including recovered COVID-19 cases, close contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, medical professionals, investigators at CDCs, and visitors to fever clinics, will be recruited and examined for viral RNA of 2019-nCoV and serum antibodies. Prevalence and characterization of asymptomatic cases will be determined, stratified by varied demographics and exposure risk. During the follow-up, the change in the serum antibodies will be studied prospectively in the symptomatic and asymptomatic cases to address the scientific and public health concerns of infectivity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N He
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y H Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - L M Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - H B Shen
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - W Z Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z J Feng
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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31
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Feng X, Xie X, Song S, Chen W, Bian H, Rui F, Zhu Q, Ren W, Qin C, Qi J. Current directions, conceptions and viewpoints on 2019-nCoV (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:70. [PMID: 33365070 PMCID: PMC7716651 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
On December 31, 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus infection was reported in Wuhan, China. The ongoing outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused immense global concern. According to the recommendations of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee and the facts and cases that 215 other countries have also reported to date, the World Health Organization Director-General announced that the outbreak of 2019-nCoV constitutes a public health emergency of international concern and a severe threat to the human health worldwide. To date, the prevalence of the virus has continued in waves and is increasing globally. The present review briefly introduces the epidemiology of 2019-nCoV, as well as viral structural characteristics, and receptors and cells that may act after entering the body, laboratory examinations, imaging and pathological features, clinical manifestations, complications, treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shouyang Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Weihai Second Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fajuan Rui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wanhua Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chengyong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jianni Qi
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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32
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Guo WL, Jiang Q, Ye F, Li SQ, Hong C, Chen LY, Li SY. Effect of Throat Washings on Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1980-1981. [PMID: 32271374 PMCID: PMC7184513 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus was detected in the self-collected throat washings. Positive testing rate of throat washing was much higher than that of Nasopharyngeal swabs. Throat washing is a promising candidate for 2019-nCoV screening and monitoring due to its noninvasive and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Fathi M, Vakili K, Deravi N, Yaghoobpoor S, Ahsan E, Mokhtari M, Moshfeghi M, Vaezjalali M. Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS. Przegl Epidemiol 2020; 74:276-289. [PMID: 33112124 DOI: 10.32394/pe.74.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Fathi
- Student's Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student's Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student's Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Yaghoobpoor
- Student's Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Ahsan
- Student's Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Mokhtari
- Student research committee, Faculty of dentistry, Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moshfeghi
- Royan Institute - Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility,Reproductive Biomedicine, Research Center, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaezjalali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University
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34
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Mak GC, Lau SS, Wong KK, Chow NL, Lau CS, Lam ET, Chan RC, Tsang DN. Analytical sensitivity and clinical sensitivity of the three rapid antigen detection kits for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. J Clin Virol 2020; 133:104684. [PMID: 33176236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We compared the three commercially available rapid antigen detection (RAD) kits for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The three RAD kits varied from 102–105 fold less sensitive than RT-PCR. Clinical sensitivity of RAD kits ranged from 22.9 %–71.4 % for detecting respiratory specimens from COVID-19 patients. Understanding the clinical characteristics of different RAD kits can increase the likelihood of positive results.
Background Numerous rapid antigen detection (RAD) kits for diagnosing COVID-19 patients are available in the market recently. Objective To compare analytical sensitivity and clinical sensitivity for the three commercially available RAD kits. Study Design Analytical sensitivity for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus was determined by limit of detection (LOD) using RT-PCR as a reference method. Clinical sensitivity was evaluated by using respiratory specimens collected from confirmed COVID-19 patients. Results The LOD results showed that the three RAD kits varied from 102–105 fold less sensitive than RT-PCR. Clinical sensitivity of RAD kits ranged from 22.9 %–71.4 % for detecting specimens from COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Although RAD kits were less sensitive than RT-PCR, understanding the clinical characteristics of different RAD kits can guide us to obtain suitable specimens for testing. The likelihood of positive results for RAD kits will be higher.
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35
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Kino K, Kawada T, Hirao-Suzuki M, Morikawa M, Miyazawa H. Products of Oxidative Guanine Damage Form Base Pairs with Guanine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7645. [PMID: 33076559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the natural bases, guanine is the most oxidizable base. The damage caused by oxidation of guanine, commonly referred to as oxidative guanine damage, results in the formation of several products, including 2,5-diamino-4H-imidazol-4-one (Iz), 2,2,4-triamino-5(2H)-oxazolone (Oz), guanidinoformimine (Gf), guanidinohydantoin/iminoallantoin (Gh/Ia), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp), 5-carboxamido-5-formamido-2-iminohydantoin (2Ih), urea (Ua), 5-guanidino-4-nitroimidazole (NI), spirodi(iminohydantoin) (5-Si and 8-Si), triazine, the M+7 product, other products by peroxynitrite, alkylated guanines, and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cG). Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about base pairs containing the products of oxidative guanine damage and guanine. Of these products, Iz is involved in G-C transversions. Oz, Gh/Ia, and Sp form preferably Oz:G, Gh/Ia:G, and Sp:G base pairs in some cases. An involvement of Gf, 2Ih, Ua, 5-Si, 8-Si, triazine, the M+7 product, and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dioxo-imidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (HICA) in G-C transversions requires further experiments. In addition, we describe base pairs that target the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses and describe implications for the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): When products of oxidative guanine damage are adapted for the ribonucleoside analogs, mimics of oxidative guanine damages, which can form base pairs, may become antiviral agents for SARS-CoV-2.
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36
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Wickramasinghe NC. Is the 2019 novel coronavirus related to a spike of cosmic rays? Adv Genet 2020; 106:119-122. [PMID: 33081921 PMCID: PMC7529058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
WHO's pronouncement of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic disease came months after we published a warning that the present deepest minimum of the sunspot cycle would be likely to facilitate the onset of a viral pandemic. During a deep sunspot minimum (deepest in 100 years) such as we are now witnessing, two space related phenomena could have an effect on the disposition of viral disease and potential pandemics. With the weakening of the magnetic field in the Earth's vicinity, there would be a high flux of mutagenic cosmic rays. These processes would be likely to herald the onset of new pandemics. Neutron counts from Moscow Neutron Monitor show that the flux of cosmic rays reaching Earth in 2019 was indeed at a maximum over a timespan of half a century since 1962. It is of interest to note that immediately prior to the first recorded cases of the novel Corona virus in China a peak of cosmic rays was measured as is indicated by the Huon neutron monitor data. Recent research revealed that estimates of the timing of the most recent common ancestor of COVID-19 made with current sequence data point to emergence of the virus in late November 2019 to early December 2019, compatible with the earliest retrospectively confirmed cases and the cosmic ray spike in late November 2019. In our view, this strong cosmic ray spike was in some way connected with the onset of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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37
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Lotfinejad P, Asadzadeh Z, Najjary S, Somi MH, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Mokhtarzadeh A, Derakhshani A, Roshani E, Baradaran B. COVID-19 Infection: Concise Review Based on the Immunological Perspective. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:246-265. [PMID: 32981399 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1825480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to public health. There is an urgent need for discovery methods for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection. Understanding immunogenicity together with immune responses are expected to provide further information about this virus. We hope that this narrative review article may create new insights for researchers to take great strides toward designing vaccines and novel therapies in the near future. The functional properties of the immune system in COVID-19 infection is not exactly clarified yet. This is compounded by the many gaps in our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 immunogenicity properties. Possible immune responses according to current literature are discussed as the first line of defense and acquired immunity. Here, we focus on proposed modern preventive immunotherapy methods in COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Lotfinejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Najjary
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elmira Roshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gibbons JP, Forman S, Keogh P, Curtin P, Kiely R, O'Leary G, Skerritt C, O'Sullivan K, Synnott K, Cashman JP, O'Byrne JM. Crisis change management during COVID-19 in the elective orthopaedic hospital: Easing the trauma burden of acute hospitals. Surgeon 2021; 19:e59-66. [PMID: 32980258 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction With the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus and its resulting pandemic status in March 2020 all routine elective orthopaedic surgery was cancelled in our institution. The developing picture in Italy, of acute hospitals becoming overwhelmed with treating patients suffering with severe and life-threatening symptoms from the disease, prompted the orthopaedic surgeons to formulate a plan to transfer trauma patients requiring surgery to the elective hospital to unburden the acute hospital system. Methods Under the threat of this pandemic; protocols and algorithms were established for referral, acceptance and care of trauma patients from acute hospitals in the region. Each day, as new guidance on COVID-19 emerged, our process and algorithms were adjusted to reflect pertinent change. Results The screening of all patients referred, worked well in keeping our hospital “COVID-free” with respect to patients undergoing operations. An upward trend in cases referred reflected the decreased capacity in the acute hospitals due to rising cases of COVID-19 within the hospital network. During the first 7 weeks of the pandemic 308 operations were performed, (31.1% upper limb, 33.4% lower limb, 4.1% spine, 14.1% urgent elective, 17.4% plastic surgery cases). Regular review and audit of the activity in the hospital as well as communication with the referring teams enabled appropriate planning to accommodate the increase in case-mix as the need arose. Discussion This paper details the steps that were taken in planning for such a change in management specific to the orthopaedic surgery setting and the lessons learnt during this process. The success of the development of this pathway was facilitated by clear communication channels, flexibility to adapt to changing process and feedback from all stakeholders. The implementation of this pathway allowed the unburdening of acute hospitals dealing with the pandemic that was steadily reducing access to operating theatres and anaesthetic resources.
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Jiehao C, Jin X, Daojiong L, Zhi Y, Lei X, Zhenghai Q, Yuehua Z, Hua Z, Ran J, Pengcheng L, Xiangshi W, Yanling G, Aimei X, He T, Hailing C, Chuning W, Jingjing L, Jianshe W, Mei Z. A Case Series of Children With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Clinical and Epidemiological Features. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:1547-1551. [PMID: 32112072 PMCID: PMC7108143 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We first described the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in 10 children occurring in areas other than Wuhan. The coronavirus diseases in children are usually mild and epidemiological exposure is a key clue to recognize pediatric case. Prolonged virus shedding is observed in respiratory tract and feces at the convalescent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Jiehao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Divison of Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Daojiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Zhenghai
- Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Yuehua
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhang Hua
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanya Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ran
- Divison of Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Pengcheng
- Divison of Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Xiangshi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Yanling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Aimei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Hailing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Chuning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jingjing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Jianshe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng Mei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a serious health threat. The increasing number of COVID-19 cases around the world is overwhelming hospitals and pushing the global death toll to over 746,000, which has pushed the sprint to find new treatment options. In this article, we reviewed the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology, transmission, and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Zhang MC, Xie HT. [Is conjunctival congestion in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus definitely related to the novel coronavirus]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 56:571-572. [PMID: 32283878 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200324-00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on April 14, 2020. Currently, it is commonly reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are associated with conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and the transmission route and high-risk eye diseases and high-risk working status are speculated. Are conjunctival congestion and conjunctiva-related symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus definitely related to the novel coronavirus? Conjunctival congestion is one of the common clinical signs of various types of conjunctivitis. The symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients may be attributed to a variety of factors. Therefore, conjunctival symptoms should not be linked to 2019 novel coronavirus without evidence. ( Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 571-572).
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - H T Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited data regarding the demographics and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. This information is especially important as pneumonia is the single leading cause of death in children worldwide. This Systematic Review aims to elucidate a better understanding of the global impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric population. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to gain insight into pediatric COVID-19 epidemiology. Specifically, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify any relevant article with a focus on Pediatric Covid 19, Pediatric Covid-19, Pediatric SARS-COV-2, and Pediatric Coronavirus 19. References within the included articles were reviewed. All articles that met criteria where analyzed for demographics, clinical, laboratory, radiographic, treatment and outcomes data. RESULTS Ten studies including two case series and 8 retrospective chart reviews, altogether describing a total of 2914 pediatric patients with COVID-19 were included in this systematic review. Of the patients whose data was available, 56% were male, the age range was 1 day to 17 years, 79% were reported to have no comorbidities, and of the 21% with comorbidities, the most common were asthma, immunosupression, and cardiovascular disease. Of pediatric patients that were tested and positive for an infection with SARS-CoV-2, patients were asymptomatic, 14.9% of the time. Patients presented with cough (48%), fever (47%) and sore throat/pharyngitis (28.6%), more commonly than with upper respiratory symptoms/rhinorrhea/sneezing/nasal congestion (13.7%), vomiting/nausea (7.8%) and diarrhea (10.1%). Median lab values including those for WBC, lymphocyte count and CRP, were within the reference ranges with the exception of procalcitonin levels, which were slightly elevated in children with COVID-19 (median procalcitonin levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.5 ng/mL. Computed tomography (CT) results suggest that unilateral CT imaging findings are present 36% of cases while 64% of pediatric patients with COVID-19 had bilateral findings. Of the studies with age specific hospitalization data available, 27.0% of patients hospitalized were infants under 1 year of age. Various treatment regimens including interferon, antivirals, and hydroxychloroquine therapies have been trialed on the pediatric population but there are currently no studies showing efficacy of one regimen over the other. The mortality rate of children that were hospitalized with COVID-19 was 0.18%. CONCLUSION In contrast to adults, most infected children appear to have a milder course and have better outcomes overall. Additional care may be needed for children with comorbidities and younger children. This review also suggests that unilateral CT chest imaging findings were seen in 36.4% pediatric COVID-19 patients. This is particularly concerning as the work-up of pediatric patients with cough may warrant a bronchoscopy to evaluate for airway foreign bodies. Extra precautions need to be taken with personal protective equipment for these cases, as aerosolizing procedures may be a method of viral transmission. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 (Systematic Review).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha A Patel
- Cohen Children's Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, New Hyde Park, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hempstead, NY, USA.
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Liu Y, Qi G, Bellanti JA, Moser R, Ryffel B, Zheng SG. Regulatory T cells: A potential weapon to combat COVID-19? MedComm (Beijing) 2020; 1:157-164. [PMID: 32838397 PMCID: PMC7436572 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 began to spread, an infection disease termed COVID-19. The virus has spread throughout the world in a short period of time, resulting in a pandemic. The number of reported cases in global reached 5 695 596 including 352 460 deaths, as of May 27, 2020. Due to the lack of effective treatment options for COVID-19, various strategies are being tested. Recently, pathologic studies conducted by two teams in China revealed immunopathologic abnormalities in lung tissue. These results have implications for immunotherapy that could offer a novel therapy strategy for combating lethal viral pneumonia. This review discusses the clinical and pathological features of COVID-19, the roles of immune cells in pathological processes, and the possible avenues for induction of immunosuppressive T regulatory cells attenuating lung inflammation due to viral infection. It is our hope that these proposals may both be helpful in understanding the novel features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia as well as providing new immunological strategies for treating the severe sequelae of disease manifestations seen in people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical ImmunologySun Yat‐sen University Third Affiliated HospitalGuangzhouP. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Guangying Qi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental RegulationGuilin Medical UniversityGuilinP. R. China
| | - Joseph A. Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology‐ImmunologyGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - René Moser
- Institute for Biopharmaceutical ResearchMatzingenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM)UMR 7355 INEMCNRS‐University of OrleansOrleansFrance
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal MedicineOhio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Medical CenterColumbusOhio
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He S, Zhou C, Lu D, Yang H, Xu H, Wu G, Pan W, Zhu R, Jia H, Tang X, Chen X, Wu X. Relationship between chest CT manifestations and immune response in COVID-19 patients. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:125-129. [PMID: 32574694 PMCID: PMC7305906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the correlations of lymphocytes and cytokines between changes of lung lesion volumes in patients with COVID-19, and to predict these correlations. METHODS 93 patients with COVID-19 were divided into mild and severe groups. The data of lymphocyte subgroups and cytokines were collected, the imaging characteristics were measured, and correlation analysis was performed to analyze the differences. RESULTS 60 mild and 33 severe patients were included. Lymphocyte subsets decreased in both groups. The reduction percentages of the absolute lymphocytes value in mild and severe groups were 32% and 64%, respectively. The lung CT lesion volume of all patients was 241.45 ± 282.92 cm3, among which the mild group was 151.29 ± 226.04 cm3, and the severe group was 405.38 ± 304.90 cm3, respectively. In critically ill patients, the decrease of the absolute value of CD4+ T cells and the increase of IL-6 levels are significantly correlated with the volume of lung lesions. CONCLUSIONS The absolute values of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells are lower in patients with COVID-19, while the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 are increased. The severity of lung lesions predicts poor clinical outcomes and may be a predictor of the transition from mild to severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongqing Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijia Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - HaiJian Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinni Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaomai Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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Gao H, Shi WY. [A special on epidemic prevention and control: ophthalmologic research and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus based on ocular manifestations of viral diseases]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 56:414-7. [PMID: 32842326 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200216-00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on February 24, 2020. In China, the fight against the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been at a critical stage. It has been confirmed that the transmission of 2019-nCoV is mainly through respiratory droplets and contact. Some scholars also pointed out that the possibility of transmission through the digestive system and eyes should not be ignored. Whether infection with 2019-nCoV will develop eye symptoms and whether the virus will spread through eyes are confusing to the medical workers and the general public, and it is ophthalmologists' responsibility to carry out in-depth discussions. Based on the ocular manifestations of viral diseases, this article analyzes whether the eye secretions and tears carry the virus, and whether ophthalmologists and patients are at a high risk for 2019-nCoV infection, and then presents the current research methods and the necessary prevention and control measures in the field of ophthalmology, with an aim to contribute to the fight against 2019-nCoV. ( Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 414-417).
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of dry eye symptoms (DES) among doctors and nurses in the period of 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.To evaluate the DES of doctors and nurses worked at front-line hospitals with protective glasses for a mean time of 4 to 6 hours, a questionnaire developed by the researchers with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used. These data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and correlation test with SPSS 22.0.The study included 13 doctors and 40 nurses, among which 16 were male and 37 were female, and the mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 5.15 years old. According to the OSDI scores, 64.15, 24.52, 7.54, and 3.77% of the participants experienced occasional, mild, moderate, and severe DES, respectively. The factors significantly correlated with OSDI scores were age and duration of wearing protective glasses, while the duration of wearing protective glasses may be a protective factor of dry eye symptoms.Our study showed that most of the doctors and nurses worked at the front-line of combating COVID-19 did not experience DES, while the symptoms of those who experienced DES might be improved by wearing protective glasses.
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47
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Ma SY, Luo YM, Hu TY, You ZC, Sun JG, Yu SY, Yuan ZQ, Peng YZ, Luo GX, Xu Z. [Clinical application effect of modified nasopharyngeal swab sampling for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020; 36:679-685. [PMID: 32268456 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200312-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the clinical application effect of modified nasopharyngeal swab sampling for 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acid detection. Methods: This study covered the period from January 14 to March 1, 2020.The supine position method and the protective face screen were used to collect nasopharyngeal swabs from February 24 onwards, before which, the nasopharyngeal swabs were collected by sitting position method. All the patients who were diagnosed with suspected/confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus infection were admitted from February 19 with the nasopharyngeal swabs collected outside the hospital before admission. (1) Thirty-four swabbing operators meeting the inclusion criteria of the study were recruited in this retrospective cohort study. They were grouped according to the collection method of nasopharyngeal swabs. Sixteen operators of Wuhan Taikang Tongji Hospital who applied the supine position method and the protective face screen were included in supine position method+ protective face screen group (15 males and 1 female, aged 34-49 years); 18 operators (12 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), 1 from Wuhan Jiangxia Mobile Cabin Hospital, 5 from the East District of People's Hospital of Wuhan University) who applied the traditional sitting position method were included in sitting position method group (2 males and 16 females, aged 25-49 years). In supine position method+ protective face screen group, when collecting sample, the patient lay flat and wore a special protective face screen for nasopharyngeal swab sampling, with neck slightly extending and face turning to the opposite side of the operator about 10°. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the cooperation, the incidence of nausea, coughing, sneezing, and struggling of patients evaluated by the operators, the operation time for a single swab sample, the fear of operation and the perceived exposure risk of operators in the two groups. (2) Sixty-five patients (22 males and 43 females, aged 25-91 years) admitted to Wuhan Taikang Tongji Hospital who successively received the sitting position method and supine position method+ protective face screen for nasopharyngeal swabs sampling and with complete nucleic acid detection results were included. The positive rates of nucleic acid detection by the two sampling methods of nasopharyngeal swabs of the patients were statistically analyzed. (3) Forty-one patients who could express their feelings accurately were selected out of those 65 patients (12 males and 29 females, aged 27-83 years). The comfort of patients in the process of sampling by the two methods was investigated. (4) Thirty-four patients (10 males and 24 females, aged 25-83 years) with two or more consecutive negative results of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by sitting position method were selected from the above 65 patients. The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swab of patients by supine position method+ protective face screen, i. e. negative to positive rate was statistically analyzed. Data were statistically analyzed with t test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and chi-square test. Results: (1) Compared with those of sitting position method group, the cooperation score of patients evaluated by the operators in supine position method+ protective face screen group was significantly higher (Z=-4.928, P<0.01), the incidence of nausea, choking cough, sneezing, and struggling of patients evaluated by the operators, and the fear of operation score and the perceived exposure risk score of operators in supine position method+ protective face screen group were significantly lower (Z=-5.071, -5.046, -4.095, -4.397, -4.174, -5.049, P<0.01), and the operation time for a single swab sample in supine position method+ protective face screen group was significantly longer (t=223.17, P<0.01). (2) The positive rate of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by supine position method+ protective face screen was 60.00% (39/65), which was obviously higher than 41.54% (27/65) by sitting position method (χ(2)=4.432, P<0.05). (3) The comfort score of the 41 patients during nasopharyngeal swabs sampling by supine position method+ protective face screen was significantly higher than that by sitting position method (Z=-5.319, P<0.01). (4) Of the 34 patients with two or more consecutive negative results of nucleic acid detection of nasopharyngeal swabs by sitting position method, the rate of negative to positive of nucleic acid detection was 26.47% (9/34) after sampling by supine position method+ protective face screen. Conclusions: Compared with the traditional sitting position method, detection of 2019 novel coronavirus nucleic acids of nasopharyngeal swabs collected by supine method combined with protective face screen is worth promoting, because of its better comfort of patients, low exposure risk for operators, in addition to reducing in the false negative result to some extent, which may help reduce false recurrence of discharged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y M Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - T Y Hu
- Infection Control Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Z C You
- General Medicine Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - J G Sun
- Oncology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - S Y Yu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Z Q Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Y Z Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - G X Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Z Xu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Research of PLA, Respiratory Diseases Research Institute of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
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Kam KQ, Yung CF, Cui L, Tzer Pin Lin R, Mak TM, Maiwald M, Li J, Chong CY, Nadua K, Tan NWH, Thoon KC. A Well Infant With Coronavirus Disease 2019 With High Viral Load. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:847-849. [PMID: 32112082 PMCID: PMC7358675 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs up to day 16 of admission. This case highlights the difficulties in establishing the true incidence of COVID-19, as asymptomatic individuals can excrete the virus. These patients may play important roles in human-to-human transmission in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Qian Kam
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Cui
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Minn Mak
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias Maiwald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiahui Li
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Chong
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Nadua
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalie Woon Hui Tan
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Koh Cheng Thoon
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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49
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To KKW, Tsang OTY, Yip CCY, Chan KH, Wu TC, Chan JMC, Leung WS, Chik TSH, Choi CYC, Kandamby DH, Lung DC, Tam AR, Poon RWS, Fung AYF, Hung IFN, Cheng VCC, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Consistent Detection of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Saliva. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:841-843. [PMID: 32047895 PMCID: PMC7108139 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1062] [Impact Index Per Article: 265.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in the self-collected saliva of 91.7% (11/12) of patients. Serial saliva viral load monitoring generally showed a declining trend. Live virus was detected in saliva by viral culture. Saliva is a promising noninvasive specimen for diagnosis, monitoring, and infection control in patients with 2019-nCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Owen Tak-Yin Tsang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cyril Chik-Yan Yip
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Tak-Chiu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jacky Man-Chun Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Shing Leung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Thomas Shiu-Hong Chik
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Yau-Chung Choi
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Darshana H Kandamby
- Intensive Care Unit, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - David Christopher Lung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anthony Raymond Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Rosana Wing-Shan Poon
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Agnes Yim-Fong Fung
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Liang B, Chen J, Li T, Wu H, Yang W, Li Y, Li J, Yu C, Nie F, Ma Z, Yang M, Xiao M, Nie P, Gao Y, Qian C, Hu M. Clinical remission of a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21429. [PMID: 32756149 PMCID: PMC7402800 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The COVID-19 cases increased very fast in January and February 2020. The mortality among critically ill patients, especially the elder ones, is relatively high. Considering many patients died of severe inflammation response, it is urgent to develop effective therapeutic strategies for these patients. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have shown good capabilities to modulate the immune response and repair the injured tissue. Therefore, investigating the potential of hUCMSCs to the treatment of COVID-19 critically ill patients is necessary. PATIENT CONCERNS A 65-year-old woman felt fatigued and had a fever with body temperature of 38.2C, coughed up white foaming sputum. After 1 day, she had chest tightness with SPO2 of 81%, and blood pressure of 160/91 mm Hg. DIAGNOSE According to the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (Trial 4th Edition), COVID-19 was diagnosed, based on the real-time RT-PCR test of SARS-CoV-2. INTERVENTIONS After regular treatment for 12 days, the inflammation symptom of the patient was still very severe and the potential side effects of corticosteroid were observed. Then, allogenic hUCMSCs were given 3 times (5 × 10 cells each time) with a 3-day interval, together with thymosin α1 and antibiotics daily injection. OUTCOMES After these treatments, most of the laboratory indexes and CT images showed remission of the inflammation symptom. The patient was subsequently transferred out of ICU, and the throat swabs test reported negative 4 days later. LESSONS These results indicated the clinical outcome and good tolerance of allogenic hUCMSCs transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Tao Li
- Yunnan Yasheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Haiying Wu
- Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, EICU/MICU
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University
| | - Jianchun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | - Congtao Yu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Fangang Nie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University
- Yunnan Jici Institute for Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Kunming
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | | | - Panrong Nie
- Department of Neonatology, Baoshan People's Hospital, Baoshan
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanyun Qian
- Emergency Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, EICU/MICU
| | - Min Hu
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University
- Boten International Stem Cell Hospital, Boten, Laos
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