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Loh HY, Norman BP, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Nik Abd Rahman NMA, Mohamed Alitheen NB, Osman MA. Post-Transcriptional Regulatory Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Canonical TGF-β/BMP Signalling Cascades on Osteoblast Lineage: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076423. [PMID: 37047394 PMCID: PMC10094338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small, single-stranded, and non-protein coding RNAs about 19 to 22 nucleotides in length, that have been reported to have important roles in the control of bone development. MiRNAs have a strong influence on osteoblast differentiation through stages of lineage commitment and maturation, as well as via controlling the activities of osteogenic signal transduction pathways. Generally, miRNAs may modulate cell stemness, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by binding the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of the target genes, which then can subsequently undergo messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or protein translational repression. MiRNAs manage the gene expression in osteogenic differentiation by regulating multiple signalling cascades and essential transcription factors, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wingless/Int-1(Wnt)/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signalling pathways; the Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2); and osterix (Osx). This shows that miRNAs are essential in regulating diverse osteoblast cell functions. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals and exert diverse functions in osteoblastogenesis, skeletal development and bone formation, bone homeostasis, and diseases. Herein, we highlighted the current state of in vitro and in vivo research describing miRNA regulation on the canonical TGF-β/BMP signalling, their effects on osteoblast linage, and understand their mechanism of action for the development of possible therapeutics. In this review, particular attention and comprehensive database searches are focused on related works published between the years 2000 to 2022, using the resources from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Loh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Brendan P Norman
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azuraidi Osman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ho MH, Huang KY, Tu CC, Tai WC, Chang CH, Chang YC, Chang PC. Functionally graded membrane deposited with PDLLA nanofibers encapsulating doxycycline and enamel matrix derivatives-loaded chitosan nanospheres for alveolar ridge regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 203:333-341. [PMID: 35093432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Functionally graded membranes (FGM) with regenerative signals and nanofibrous topography mimicking the native extracellular matrix have been shown to improve the outcome of alveolar ridge regeneration (ARR). This study developed a novel FGM with doxycycline-enamel matrix derivative (EMD) nanofibrous composites deposition to coordinate anti-inflammation and differentiation signals, thus facilitating ARR. Doxycycline-loaded PDLLA nanofibers (PD), EMD-loaded chitosan nanospheres (CE), and CE-embedded PD (CE-PD) were fabricated by electrospinning, deposited on the surfaces of barrier membrane to develop a FGM, and the efficacy was validated by delivering the FGM to regenerate experimental alveolar ridge defects in rats. Results revealed that PD had potent antibacterial capability, and CE-PD allowed sustained release of EMD to promote osteogenesis in vitro. In the alveolar ridge defects, FGM with PD on the outer surface downregulated MMP-8, and wound dehiscence was further reduced with Cbfa1 upregulation in those treated by FGM with CE-PD on the inner surface at 1 week. FGM with CE-PD revealed significantly greater new bone formation and defect fill at 4 weeks. In conclusion, FGM with PD reduced early tissue breakdown and with CE-PD nanofibrous composites accelerated wound healing and facilitated osteogenesis, and thus could be an advantageous strategy for ARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiu Tai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-He Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Comparative In Vitro Evaluation of Commercial Periodontal Gels on Antibacterial, Biocompatibility and Wound Healing Ability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091502. [PMID: 34575578 PMCID: PMC8465455 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, several studies testing commercial periodontal gels that contain chlorhexidine (CHX) or other antibacterial agents, have raised concerns regarding their cytotoxicity in periodontal tissues. We aimed at comparing the biocompatibility but also the efficacy as regards to the antibacterial and wound healing ability of different commercial periodontal gels. In vitro human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and a 3D model of human tissue equivalents of gingiva (GTE) were used under inflammatory conditions to evaluate wound closure, cytotoxicity and gene expression. Antibacterial effects were also investigated on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, viability and gingipain activity. In GF and in the bacterial study, we found cytotoxic effects on GF and a high inhibition on bacterial growth rate in gels containing CHX, asiaticoside, enoxolone, cetylpyridinium chloride, propolis and eugenol. Of the two gels that were non-cytotoxic, Syntoss Biogel (containing chondrontin sulfate) and Emdogain (EMD, containing amelogenin and propylene glycol alginate), EMD showed the best wound closure, with no effect on P. gingivalis growth but decreased gingipain activity. On the other hand, Syntoss Biogel reduced viability and gingipain activity of P. gingivalis, but lack wound healing capacity. In the 3D GTE, Syntoss Biogel and EMD showed a good biocompatibility. Among all the tested gels, formulations containing CHX, asiaticoside, enoxolone, cetylpyridinium chloride, propolis and eugenol showed high antibacterial effect but also showed high cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. EMD was the one with the best biocompatibility and wound healing ability at the conditions tested.
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Zhang YL, Liu L, Peymanfar Y, Anderson P, Xian CJ. Roles of MicroRNAs in Osteogenesis or Adipogenesis Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137210. [PMID: 34281266 PMCID: PMC8269269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are multipotent cells which can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and fat cells. Under pathological stress, reduced bone formation in favour of fat formation in the bone marrow has been observed through a switch in the differentiation of BMSCs. The bone/fat switch causes bone growth defects and disordered bone metabolism in bone marrow, for which the mechanisms remain unclear, and treatments are lacking. Studies suggest that small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) could participate in regulating BMSC differentiation by disrupting the post-transcription of target genes, leading to bone/fat formation changes. This review presents an emerging concept of microRNA regulation in the bone/fat formation switch in bone marrow, the evidence for which is assembled mainly from in vivo and in vitro human or animal models. Characterization of changes to microRNAs reveals novel networks that mediate signalling and factors in regulating bone/fat switch and homeostasis. Recent advances in our understanding of microRNAs in their control in BMSC differentiation have provided valuable insights into underlying mechanisms and may have significant potential in development of new therapeutics.
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RETRACTED: Unique proliferation response in odontoblastic cells derived from human skeletal muscle stem cells by cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3. Exp Cell Res 2015; 331:105-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hata A, Kang H. Functions of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway through microRNAs (review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:563-8. [PMID: 25571950 PMCID: PMC6904101 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have emerged as key regulators of gene expression in essential cellular processes, such as cell growth, differentiation and development. Recent findings have established that the levels of miRNAs are modulated by cell signaling mechanisms, including the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. The BMP signaling pathway controls diverse cellular activities by modulating the levels of miRNAs, indicating the complexity of gene regulation by the BMP signaling pathway. The tight regulation of the levels of miRNAs is critical for maintaining normal physiological conditions, and dysregulated miRNA levels contribute to the development of diseases. In the present review, we discuss different insights (provided over the past decade) into the regulation of miRNAs governed by the BMP signaling pathway and the implications of this regulation on the understanding of the cellular differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), osteoblasts and neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hara Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
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Goda S, Kato Y, Domae E, Hayashi H, Tani-Ishii N, Iida J, Ikeo T. Effects of JNK1/2 on the inflammation cytokine TNF-α-enhanced production of MMP-3 in human dental pulp fibroblast-like cells. Int Endod J 2014; 48:1122-8. [PMID: 25393585 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) on the inflammation cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-enhanced production of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in human dental pulp fibroblast-like cells (HPFs). METHODOLOGY HPFs were grown from pulp explants from healthy donors. Primary cultures were established by culturing the cells for 20 to 30 days. The experiments with HPFs were performed between passages 3 and 10. The HPFs were incubated in serum-free medium containing TNF-α for 24 h. The medium in each well was prepared in SDS sample buffer and was analysed for MMP-3 by Western blotting. RESULTS JNK inhibitor SP601245 markedly inhibited the production of MMP-3 in TNF-α-stimulated human dental pulp fibroblasts. MMP-3 production was enhanced by TNF-α in HPFs; silencing JNK1 and JNK2 expression inhibited this activation. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was activated by TNF-α in HPFs; silencing JNK1 and JNK2 expression inhibited this activation. CONCLUSION The activation of CREB via JNK pathways in the presence of TNF-α occurred with enhancement of MMP-3 production in dental pulp fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Y Kato
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - E Domae
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - H Hayashi
- Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - N Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - J Iida
- Department of Cell Biology, Windber Research Institute, Windber, USA
| | - T Ikeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
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Miron RJ, Dard M, Weinreb M. Enamel matrix derivative, inflammation and soft tissue wound healing. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:555-69. [PMID: 25418917 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over 15 years have now passed since enamel matrix derivative (EMD) emerged as an agent capable of periodontal regeneration. Following thorough investigation, evidenced-based clinical application is now established for a multitude of clinical settings to promote regeneration of periodontal hard tissues. Despite the large number of studies and review articles written on this topic, no single review has compiled the influence of EMD on tissue inflammation, an area of research that merits substantial attention in periodontology. The aim of the present review was to gather all studies that deal with the effects of EMD on tissue inflammation with particular interest in the cellular mechanisms involved in inflammation and soft tissue wound healing/resolution. The effects of EMD on monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were investigated for changes in cell behavior as well as release of inflammatory markers, including interleukins, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinases and members of the OPG-RANKL pathway. In summary, studies listed in this review have reported that EMD is able to significantly decrease interleukin-1b and RANKL expression, increase prostaglandin E2 and OPG expression, increase proliferation and migration of T lymphocytes, induce monocyte differentiation, increase bacterial and tissue debris clearance, as well as increase fibroplasias and angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell proliferation, migration and capillary-like sprout formation. The outcomes from the present review article indicate that EMD is able to affect substantially the inflammatory and healing responses and lay the groundwork for future investigation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - M Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Weinreb
- Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Goda S, Inoue H, Takeuchi O, Ujii Y, Domae E, Ikeo T. Enamel matrix derivative protein enhances production of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 by osteoblasts. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:85. [PMID: 25011999 PMCID: PMC4115475 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate remodeling and regeneration of bone. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) protein has been used clinically for periodontal regeneration, although its molecular mechanisms are not clear. We evaluated the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in regulating EMD-dependent degradation of gelatin on oeoblast-like cell line MG63. Methods MG-63 cells (osteoblast cell line) were incubated with 100 μg/ml EMD protein in the presence or absence of MMP-2 tissue inhibitor for 20 h followed by incubation on DQ-gelatin-coated plates for 4 h. MG-63 cells (1 × 106) were preincubated with SB203580 for 30 min at 37°C and were then placed in 100 μg/ml EMD protein for 24 h. Conditioned media were collected and detected by Western blot analysis. Results EMD protein enhanced cell-mediated degradation of gelatin, which was inhibited by the MMP inhibitor TIMP-2. Furthermore, MMP-2 was produced by MG63 cells in response to EMD protein in a P38 MAPK-dependent manner. In addition, blocking of p38 MAPK activation by SB203580 significantly inhibited generation of the active form of MMP-2. Conclusion P38 MAPK pathway promotes expression MMP-2 in EMD activated osteoblasts, which in turn stimulates periodontal regeneration by degrading matrix proteins in periodontal connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Goda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
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Ozeki N, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Hiyama T, Nakata K, Mogi M, Nakamura H. Cytokines induce MMP-3-regulated proliferation of embryonic stem cell-derived odontoblast-like cells. Oral Dis 2014; 20:505-13. [PMID: 23902456 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 expression increases after pulpectomy and accelerates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp by an uncharacterised mechanism. Odontoblasts, a major component of dental pulp, could represent a therapeutic target. We investigated whether MMP-3 activity is induced by cytokines and/or is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in embryonic stem cell-derived odontoblast-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, an MMP-3 activity assay, a BrdU-cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA fragmentation analysis to evaluate siRNA-mediated downregulation of MMP-3 expression and activity, and any changes in the proliferative and apoptotic responses associated with this reduced expression. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, at relatively low concentrations) induced MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression, and increased MMP-3 activity and cell proliferation, but not apoptosis. MMP-3 silencing produced a potent and significant suppression of cytokine-induced MMP-3 expression and activity, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These effects were rescued by application of exogenous MMP-3. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects in odontoblast-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells, in addition to their well-documented destructive role in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Yamaguchi H, Ozeki N, Kawai R, Tanaka T, Hiyama T, Nakata K, Mogi M, Nakamura H. RETRACTED: Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Stromelysin-1–mediated Cell Proliferation in Dental Pulp Fibroblast-like Cells. J Endod 2014; 40:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hiyama T, Ozeki N, Mogi M, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Nakata K, Kondo A, Nakamura H. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 in odontoblastic cells derived from ips cells: unique proliferation response as odontoblastic cells derived from ES cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83563. [PMID: 24358294 PMCID: PMC3865184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 accelerates wound healing following dental pulp injury. In addition, we reported that a proinflammatory cytokine mixture (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon-γ) induced MMP-3 activity in odontoblast-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, suggesting that MMP-3 plays a potential unique physiological role in wound healing and regeneration of dental pulp in odontoblast-like cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that upregulation of MMP-3 activity by IL-1β promotes proliferation and apoptosis of purified odontoblast-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) and ES cells. Each odontoblast-like cell was isolated and incubated with different concentrations of IL-1β. MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression were assessed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. MMP-3 activity was measured using immunoprecipitation and a fluorescence substrate. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using ELISA for BrdU and DNA fragmentation, respectively. siRNA was used to reduce MMP-3 transcripts in these cells. Treatment with IL-1β increased MMP-3 mRNA and protein levels, and MMP-3 activity in odontoblast-like cells. Cell proliferation was found to markedly increase with no changes in apoptosis. Endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were constitutively expressed during all experiments. The exocytosis inhibitor, Exo1, potently suppressed the appearance of MMP-3 in the conditioned medium. Treatment with siRNA against MMP-3 suppressed an IL-1β-induced increase in MMP-3 expression and activity, and also suppressed cell proliferation, but unexpectedly increased apoptosis in these cells (P<0.05). Exogenous MMP-3 was found to induce cell proliferation in odontoblast-like cells derived from iPS cells and ES cells. This siRNA-mediated increase in apoptosis could be reversed with exogenous MMP-3 stimulation (P<0.05). Taken together, IL-1β induced MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in odontoblast-like cells derived from iPS and ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hiyama
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rie Kawai
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakata
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayami Kondo
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Birang R, Abouei MS, Razavi SM, Zia P, Soolari A. The effect of an enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) combined with bone ceramic on bone formation in mandibular defects: a histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study in the canine. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:196791. [PMID: 22619627 PMCID: PMC3349124 DOI: 10.1100/2012/196791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combination of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and an osteoconductive bone ceramic (BC) in improving bone regeneration. Materials and Methods. Four cylindrical cavities (6 × 6 mm) were prepared bilaterally in the mandible in three dogs. The defects were randomly assigned to four different treatments—filled with EMD/BC and covered with a nonresorbable membrane, filled with EMD/BC without membrane, membrane coverage only, or control (left untreated)—and healed for 2, 4, or 6 weeks. Harvested specimens were prepared for histologic, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results. Sites treated with EMD/BC with or without membrane showed more total bone formation and lamellar bone formation than membrane-only and control defects. There were no statistically significant differences in total bone formation between EMD/BC with or without membrane. Conclusion. EMD with BC might improve bone formation in osseous defects more than membrane coverage alone; the use of a membrane had no significant additive effect on total bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Birang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry and Torabinejad Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Wu T, Zhou H, Hong Y, Li J, Jiang X, Huang H. miR-30 family members negatively regulate osteoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:7503-11. [PMID: 22253433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.292722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are endogenously expressed 18- to 25-nucleotide RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational repression by binding to a target mRNA. Recently, it has been indicated that miRNAs are closely related to osteogenesis. Our previous data suggested that miR-30 family members might be important regulators during the biomineralization process. However, whether and how they modulate osteogenic differentiation have not been explored. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-30 family members negatively regulate BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation by targeting Smad1 and Runx2. Evidentially, overexpression of miR-30 family members led to a decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity, whereas knockdown of them increased the activity. Then bioinformatic analysis identified potential target sites of the miR-30 family located in the 3' untranslated regions of Smad1 and Runx2. Western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR assays demonstrated that miR-30 family members inhibit Smad1 gene expression on the basis of repressing its translation. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that Smad1 is a direct target of miR-30 family members. Rescue experiments that overexpress Smad1 and Runx2 significantly eliminated the inhibitory effect of miR-30 on osteogenic differentiation and provided strong evidence that miR-30 mediates the inhibition of osteogenesis by targeting Smad1 and Runx2. Also, the inhibitory effects of the miR-30 family were validated in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, our study uncovered that miR-30 family members are key negative regulators of BMP-2-mediated osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhi Zaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zilm PS, Bartold PM. Proteomic identification of proteinase inhibitors in the porcine enamel matrix derivative, EMD(®). J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:111-7. [PMID: 21108643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The porcine enamel matrix derivative, EMD(®), which is the active component of Emdogain(®), is used widely in periodontics because of its ability to promote the regeneration of soft and hard tissues and to reduce inflammation. Previous studies have used indirect methods to explain its angiogenic and proliferative effects on cells associated with wound healing. In this study we used proteomic techniques to identify proteins in EMD other than amelogenins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Proteins in EMD were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and were identified using mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were validated by western blot analysis of Emdogain. RESULTS Fourteen proteins of porcine origin were identified and included the serine and cysteine proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antichymotrypsin and fetuin A, respectively. Alpha1-antichymotrypsin is an acute-phase factor that has been reported to indirectly down-regulate the expression of the gelatinase MMP-9. Fetuin A, a major glycoprotein component of bone and teeth, is a potent inhibitor of ectopic calcification of vascular and soft tissues and has been implicated in both osteogenesis and bone resorption. It also facilitates plasma membrane repair in damaged fibroblasts. CONCLUSION EMD contains a number of high-molecular-weight compounds which include the proteinase inhibitors, fetuin A and alpha1-antichymotrypsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Zilm
- Oral Microbiology/Proteomics Laboratory, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Laaksonen M, Sorsa T, Salo T. Emdogain in carcinogenesis: a systematic review of in vitro studies. J Oral Sci 2010; 52:1-11. [PMID: 20339227 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Emdogain is a commercial product of unknown composition and is clinically used to induce periodontal regeneration. This study aims to review current knowledge of the in vitro effects of Emdogain on oral tissues and, in particular, factors related to carcinoma. A systematic approach was used to review studies from the Embase and Pubmed databases; a total of 76 studies were included. These comprised in vitro studies of the cytokines in, or regulated by, Emdogain and assays designed to study the effects of EMD on human cells in oral tissues or malignant cells. Several studies have shown that EMD regulates the proliferation, migration, adhesion, gene expression, and cytokine production of (pre-)osteoblasts, periodontal fibroblasts, and gingival fibroblasts. However, the effects of EMD on malignant oral cells are not well understood. EMD seems to have broad regulatory effects on malignant cells and on several carcinoma-related factors. Evidence suggests that patients with premalignant or malignant mucosal lesions should not be treated with EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Laaksonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Laaksonen M, Salo T, Vardar-Sengul S, Atilla G, Han Saygan B, Simmer JP, Baylas H, Sorsa T. Gingival crevicular fluid can degrade Emdogain and inhibit Emdogain-induced proliferation of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2010; 45:353-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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