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Kang J, Chen H, Zhang F, Yan T, Fan W, Jiang L, He H, Huang F. RORα Regulates Odontoblastic Differentiation and Mediates the Pro-Odontogenic Effect of Melatonin on Dental Papilla Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:1098. [PMID: 33669807 PMCID: PMC7922395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental papilla cells (DPCs), precursors of odontoblasts, are considered promising seed cells for tissue engineering. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin promotes odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and affects tooth development, although the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a nuclear receptor for melatonin that plays a critical role in cell differentiation and embryonic development. This study aimed to explore the role of RORα in odontoblastic differentiation and determine whether melatonin exerts its pro-odontogenic effect via RORα. Herein, we observed that RORα was expressed in DPCs and was significantly increased during odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of RORα upregulated the expression of odontogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules formation (p < 0.05). In contrast, odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs was suppressed by RORα knockdown. Moreover, we found that melatonin elevated the expression of odontogenic markers, which was accompanied by the upregulation of RORα (p < 0.001). Utilising small interfering RNA, we further demonstrated that RORα inhibition attenuated melatonin-induced odontogenic gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralisation (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that RORα can promote odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and mediate the pro-odontogenic effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haoling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liulin Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China; (J.K.); (H.C.); (F.Z.); (T.Y.); (W.F.); (L.J.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Chen WY, Li X, Feng Y, Lin S, Peng L, Huang D. M-keratin nano-materials create a mineralized micro-circumstance to promote proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2020; 31:124. [PMID: 33247776 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As traditional root canal obturation leads to the loss of the biological activity of the tooth, it is necessary to develop a material that promotes the regeneration of dental tissue. However, this remains a challenging task. Our study aims to construct a mineralized material to support the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and to explore a new strategy for the treatment of pulp tissue necrosis. Mineralized keratin (M-keratin), defined as keratin that has been mineralized in simulated body fluid, was first harvested to construct the root canal filling material. Characterizations indicated that new substances or components were formed on the surface of keratin particles after mineralization, and the morphology of the keratin was changed. M-keratin promoted the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of DPSCs. After cultivation with M-keratin, DPSCs exhibited more extracellular matrix proteins interacting with the culture interface, the number of these cells increased significantly, and the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide values of cells in the experimental group also increased. Meanwhile, signs that the DPSCs began to differentiate into odontoblasts were observed or detected by alizarin red S staining, ELISA, RNA-Seq, and western blot. We hope that this study will contribute to the development of a new material that promotes the regeneration of dental tissue as well as providing new ideas and strategies for the treatment of dental pulp disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Ya Chen
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
| | - Xia Li
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Yingying Feng
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Siqi Lin
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Liwang Peng
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China
| | - Dahong Huang
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, 528225, PR China.
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Sb H, X J, Qh Y, Xr Z, Bb Z, Kh W, Xy S, Yt C, Xr R, Jf M, G W, Yh P. The vicious circle between mitochondrial oxidative stress and dynamic abnormality mediates triethylene glycol dimethacrylate-induced preodontoblast apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:644-656. [PMID: 30776408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays crucial roles in triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA, a major component in dental resin)-induced apoptosis of dental pulp cells. Mitochondria are important target organelles for regulating the balance of OS, meanwhile, imbalance of the mitochondrial dynamic associated with mitochondrial dysfunction is one major molecular mechanism for oxidative damages. However, whether these mitochondrial dependent pathways were involved in the apoptosis of dental pulp cells induced by TDGDMA remains unclarified. We demonstrated that TEGDMA decreased viability and induced apoptosis of mouse preodontoblasts (mDPC6T cell line) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TEGDMA elevated the mitochondrial OS status and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as reflected by the significant decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, the activity of Complex III and citrate synthase. In this process, we detected a dramatically impaired mitochondrial dynamic that was reflected by significantly enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. Consistently, we also found a significant enhancement of the key upstream regulators for mitochondrial fission, such as short form of optic atrophy 1, dynamic related protein 1 oligomer and Fission 1. The respective inhibition of mitochondrial OS or mitochondrial fission could mutually attenuate each other, thereby significantly preventing both mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. In conclusion, TEGDMA-induced preodontoblasts apoptosis was mediated by the vicious circle between mitochondrial OS and dynamic abnormality, which represented a new target to prevent TEGDMA-induced dental pulp cells apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Sb
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
| | - Jin X
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Qh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zhang Xr
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Zheng Bb
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Wang Kh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Sun Xy
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Yt
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ren Xr
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Ma Jf
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Wu G
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081 LA, the Netherlands.
| | - Pan Yh
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China; Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China.
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Takanche JS, Kim JS, Kim JE, Han SH, Yi HK. Schisandrin C enhances odontoblastic differentiation through autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:60-66. [PMID: 29407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Schisandrin C in odontoblastic differentiation, and its relations between autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells (HPDCs). DESIGN Fresh third molars were used, and cultured for HDPCs. Western blotting technique, Alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and confocal microscopy were used to detect autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and odontoblastic differentiation. To understand the mechanism of Schisandrin C, the HDPCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), autophagy and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors: 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), respectively. RESULTS LPS decreased the expression of autophagy molecules [autophagy protein 5 (ATG-5), beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3-I/II)] and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules [heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)], and disrupted odontoblastic differentiation. The down-regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis with 3-MA and ZnPP inhibited odontoblastic differentiation. However, Schisandrin C restored the expression of all the above molecules, even with LPS and inhibitor treatment. This result demonstrates that autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis plays an essential role in odontoblastic differentiation, and Schisandrin C activates these systems to promote odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs. CONCLUSION Schisandrin C has potential characters to regulate odontoblastic differentiation, and may be recommended for use as a compound for pulp homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shrestha Takanche
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Herbal remedies are used throughout the world, either in earlier or in recent times. The number of studies on this alternative therapeutic system increased in the last decades. In this paper, the relevant literature on the use of natural products in root canal therapy is revised from a MEDLINE database search. The uses of medicinal plants in endodontics include cleaning and disinfection of root canals, intracanal medicaments between appointments, sealer cements, and for removal of obturation material. Other studies showed the effect of natural products in pulpal and dentin repair. Their use is anecdotal, and their effectiveness showed to be variable and is always compared to the chemical standards currently being used. Alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, and flavonoids are aromatic substances that are produced by plants and evaluated for their therapeutic potential. Further investigation into benefits of natural products is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtissam M Almadi
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Huang H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Li YP, Ping J, Chen W. Bone resorption deficiency affects tooth root development in RANKL mutant mice due to attenuated IGF-1 signaling in radicular odontoblasts. Bone 2018; 114:161-171. [PMID: 29292230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The tooth root is essential for normal tooth physiological function. Studies on mice with mutations or targeted gene deletions revealed that osteoclasts (OCs) play an important role in tooth root development. However, knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying how OCs mediate root formation is limited. During bone formation, growth factors (e.g. Insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF-1) liberated from bone matrix by osteoclastic bone resorption stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Thus, we hypothesize that OC-osteoblast coupling may also apply to OC-odontoblast coupling; therefore OCs may have a direct impact on odontoblast differentiation through the release of growth factor(s) from bone matrix, and consequently regulate tooth root formation. To test this hypothesis, we used a receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) knockout mouse model in which OC differentiation and function was entirely blocked. We found that molar root formation and tooth eruption were defective in RANKL-/- mice. Disrupted elongation and disorganization of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) was observed in RANKL-/- mice. Reduced expression of nuclear factor I C (NFIC), osterix, and dentin sialoprotein, markers essential for radicular (root) odontogenic cell differentiation indicated that odontoblast differentiation was disrupted in RANKL deficient mice likely contributing to the defect in root formation. Moreover, down-regulation of IGF/AKT/mTOR activity in odontoblast indicated that IGF signaling transduction in odontoblasts of the mutant mice was impaired. Treating odontoblast cells in vitro with conditioned medium from RANKL-/- OCs cultured on bone slices resulted in inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. Moreover, depletion of IGF-1 in bone resorption-conditioned medium (BRCM) from wild-type (WT) OC significantly compromised the ability of WT osteoclastic BRCM to induce odontoblast differentiation while addition of IGF-1 into RANKL-/- osteoclastic BRCM rescued impaired odontoblast differentiation, confirming that root and eruption defect in RANKL deficiency mice may result from failure of releasing of IGF-1 from bone matrix through OC bone resorption. These results suggest that OCs are important for odontoblast differentiation and tooth root formation, possibly through IGF/AKT/mTOR signaling mediated by cell-bone matrix interaction. These findings provide significant insights into regulatory mechanism of tooth root development, and also lay the foundation for root regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 5 Shangqingsi Rd, Yuzhong Qu, Chongqing Shi 400065, China; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 5 Shangqingsi Rd, Yuzhong Qu, Chongqing Shi 400065, China; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guochun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ji Ping
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 5 Shangqingsi Rd, Yuzhong Qu, Chongqing Shi 400065, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Kim JH, Woo SM, Choi NK, Kim WJ, Kim SM, Jung JY. Effect of Platelet-rich Fibrin on Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. J Endod 2018; 43:433-438. [PMID: 28231982 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), as an autologous fibrin matrix, is known to contain platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors to control inflammation and to facilitate the healing process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PRF on odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules on the HDPCs cultured with or without LPS and PRF extract (PRFe) were evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In addition, odontoblastic differentiation was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using ALP staining, the expression of odontogenesis-related genes, and the extent of mineralization using alizarin red S staining. RESULTS Treatment with PRFe significantly attenuated the LPS-stimulated expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in HDPCs. In addition, PRFe inhibited the up-regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and the production of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 in HDPCs exposed to LPS. Expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1, ALP activity, and mineralization were enhanced by PRFe in LPS-treated HDPCs. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PRF has effects associated not only with inhibition of inflammation in HDPCs exposed to LPS but also stimulation of odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su-Mi Woo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorder, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nam-Ki Choi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorder, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea; Research Center for Biomineralization Disorder, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Mizumachi H, Yoshida S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Hamano S, Yuda A, Sugii H, Serita S, Mitarai H, Koori K, Wada N, Maeda H. Calcium-sensing receptor-ERK signaling promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Bone 2017; 101:191-201. [PMID: 28506888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the G protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has crucial roles in skeletal development and bone turnover. Our recent study has identified a role for activated CaSR in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Furthermore, odontoblasts residing inside the tooth pulp chamber play a central role in dentin formation. However, it remains unclear how CaSR activation affects the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). We have investigated the odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs exposed to elevated levels of extracellular calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr), and the contribution of CaSR and the L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC) to this process. Immunochemical staining of rat dental pulp tissue demonstrated that CaSR was expressed at high levels in the odontoblastic layer, moderate levels in the sublayer, and low levels in the central pulp tissue. Although normal HDPCs expressed low levels of CaSR, stimulation with Ca or Sr promoted both CaSR expression and odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs along with increased expression of odontoblastic makers. These effects were inhibited by treatment with a CaSR antagonist, whereas treatment with an L-VDCC inhibitor had no effect. Additionally, knockdown of CaSR with siRNA suppressed odontoblastic differentiation of Ca- and Sr-treated HDPCs. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed in Ca- and Sr-treated HDPCs, whereas CaSR antagonist treatment or CaSR knockdown blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 suppressed mineralization of Ca- and Sr-treated HDPCs. These results suggest that elevated concentrations of extracellular Ca and Sr induce odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs through CaSR activation and the ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mizumachi
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yoshida
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Asuka Yuda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Suguru Serita
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mitarai
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Koori
- Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naohisa Wada
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Abstract
Parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) was discovered as a causative factor of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM). The present study elucidates the histopathological characters of incisor lesions in the HHM rat model. Nude rats were implanted with PTHrP-expressing tumor (LC-6) cells, maintained for 12 weeks, after which the mandibular incisors were collected. Incisor fractures were observed grossly. Microscopically, hypercalcified dentin, dentin niche with osteodentin, and thinning of dentin were observed. Hypercalcified dentin was observed as a basophilic line of calcified dentin without associated odontoblastic changes, whereas dentin niche and thinning of dentin occurred with osteodentin and loss of cell height, respectively. In contrast with hypercalcified dentin, which was distributed throughout the dentin, dentin niche and thinning of dentin were localized to the labial area of the apical and middle region, and to the labial and lingual areas of the middle and incisal region, respectively. These results suggest that hypercalcemia affected the entire calcification process resulting in hypercalcified dentin, and that high PTHrP concentrations affected selective populations of odontoblasts resulting in formation of dentin niche and thinning of dentin. The localization of dentin niche and thinning of dentin also suggest that PTHrP may also be involved odontoblastic development in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Kato
- Toxicology Laboratory, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba-shi, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan.
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Gao Y, Sahlberg C, Kiukkonen A, Alaluusua S, Pohjanvirta R, Tuomisto J, Lukinmaa PL. Lactational Exposure of Han/Wistar Rats to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Interferes with Enamel Maturation and Retards Dentin Mineralization. J Dent Res 2016; 83:139-44. [PMID: 14742652 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental dioxins via mother’s milk may be one causative factor of mineralization defects in children’s teeth. A prerequisite for the completion of enamel mineralization is the removal of enamel matrix. To test the hypothesis that dioxins interfere with enamel maturation, we administered lactating Han/Wistar rats a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo -p-dioxin (TCDD; 50 or 1000 μg/kg) on the day after delivery and analyzed tissue sections of the pup heads at post-natal days (Pn) 9 and 22. By Pn22, the first and second molars of the exposed pups, but not controls, showed retention of enamel matrix. Predentin was thicker than normal. Immunostaining for the aryl hydrocarbon/dioxin receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in ameloblasts and odontoblasts was reduced, suggesting that TCDD interferes with tooth mineralization via AhR. Extinction of AhR may lead to abolition of CYP1A1 expression as a sign of impaired dental cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Iohara K, Nakashima M, Ito M, Ishikawa M, Nakasima A, Akamine A. Dentin Regeneration by Dental Pulp Stem Cell Therapy with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2. J Dent Res 2016; 83:590-5. [PMID: 15271965 DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is based on stem cells, signals, and scaffolds. Dental pulp tissue has the potential to regenerate dentin in response to noxious stimuli, such as caries. The progenitor/stem cells are responsible for this regeneration. Thus, stem cell therapy has considerable promise in dentin regeneration. Culture of porcine pulp cells, as a three-dimensional pellet, promoted odontoblast differentiation compared with monolayers. The expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) mRNA confirmed the differentiation of pulp cells into odontoblasts and was stimulated by the morphogenetic signal, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Based on the in vitro experiments, an in vivo evaluation of pulp progenitor/stem cells in the dog was performed. The autogenous transplantation of the BMP2-treated pellet culture onto the amputated pulp stimulated reparative dentin formation. In conclusion, BMP2 can direct pulp progenitor/stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts and result in dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iohara
- Department of Clinical Oral Molecular Biology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Abstract
Odontoblasts form dentin at the outermost surface of tooth pulp. An increasing level of evidence in recent years, along with their locational advantage, implicates odontoblasts as a secondary role as sensory or immune cells. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a well-characterized signaling molecule in the neuronal and immune systems, and its potential involvement in interodontoblast communications was recently demonstrated. In an effort to elaborate the ATP-mediated signaling pathway in odontoblasts, the current study performed single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescent detection to investigate the expression of ATP receptors related to calcium signal in odontoblasts from incisal teeth of 8- to 10-wk-old rats, and demonstrated an in vitro response to ATP application via calcium imaging experiments. While whole tissue RT-PCR analysis detected P2Y2, P2Y4, and all 7 subtypes (P2X1 to P2X7) in tooth pulp, single-cell RT-PCR analysis of acutely isolated rat odontoblasts revealed P2Y2, P2Y4, P2X2, P2X4, P2X6, and P2X7 expression in only a subset (23% to 47%) of cells tested, with no evidence for P2X1, P2X3, and P2X5 expression. An increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in response to 100μM ATP, which was repeated after pretreatment of thapsigargin or under the Ca2+-free condition, suggested function of both ionotropic and metabotropic ATP receptors in odontoblasts. The enhancement of ATP-induced calcium response by ivermectin and inhibition by 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one (5-BDBD) confirmed a functional P2X4 subtype in odontoblasts. Positive calcium response to 2',3'-O-(benzoyl-4-benzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) and negative response to α,β-methylene ATP suggested P2X2, P2X4, and P2X7 as functional subunits in rat odontoblasts. Single-cell RT-PCR analysis of the cells with confirmed calcium response and immunofluorescent detection further corroborated the expression of P2X4 and P2X7 in odontoblasts. Overall, this study demonstrated heterogeneous expression of calcium-related ATP receptor subtypes in subsets of individual odontoblasts, suggesting extracellular ATP as a potential signal mediator for odontoblastic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lee
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Jo
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Park
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C K Park
- 2 Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Jung
- 3 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Chung
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S B Oh
- 1 Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 4 Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen S, Mestres G, Lan W, Xia W, Engqvist H. Cytotoxicity of modified glass ionomer cement on odontoblast cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2016; 27:116. [PMID: 27221819 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5729-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently a modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) with enhanced bioactivity due to the incorporation of wollastonite or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the modified GIC on odontoblast-like cells. The cytotoxicity of a conventional GIC, wollastonite modified GIC (W-mGIC), MTA modified GIC (M-mGIC) and MTA cement has been evaluated using cement extracts, a culture media modified by the cement. Ion concentration and pH of each material in the culture media were measured and correlated to the results of the cytotoxicity study. Among the four groups, conventional GIC showed the most cytotoxicity effect, followed by W-mGIC and M-mGIC. MTA showed the least toxic effect. GIC showed the lowest pH (6.36) while MTA showed the highest (8.62). In terms of ion concentration, MTA showed the largest Ca(2+) concentration (467.3 mg/L) while GIC showed the highest concentration of Si(4+) (19.9 mg/L), Al(3+) (7.2 mg/L) and Sr(2+) (100.3 mg/L). Concentration of F(-) was under the detection limit (0.02 mg/L) for all samples. However the concentrations of these ions are considered too low to be toxic. Our study showed that the cytotoxicity of conventional GIC can be moderated by incorporating calcium silicate based ceramics. The modified GIC might be promising as novel dental restorative cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gemma Mestres
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Weihua Lan
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wei Xia
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Science, Applied Materials Science, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rohrer MD, Prasad HS, Savord EG. A histologic assessment of a HYBENX® oral tissue decontaminant in vital pulp therapy in dogs. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:189-197. [PMID: 27469568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess HYBENX® Oral Tissue Decontaminant (HOTD) in treating vital pulp exposure in a canine model. The use of HOTD solution was compared to an accepted and standard regimen for vital pulp exposure, an application of a commercial calcium hydroxide product (Ca(OH)2). Both control and experimental treatments were followed by restoration with a commercial zinc oxide and eugenol obtundant intermediate restorative material and thermal insulator (ZOE). At 7 days there was 100% pulp vitality with HOTD and 50% with Ca(OH)2. New dentin formation was seen in 62.5% of the HOTD treated pulps and none of the Ca(OH)2 treatment group. The vital pulp exposures at day 21 post treatment with HOTD also showed significant improvement over Ca(OH)2 in the presence of odontoblasts, new dentin formation and pulp survivability. The presence of odontoblasts and new dentin was noted in 71% of the HOTD cases versus 50% of the survivable Ca(OH)2 cases. Furthermore, 100% of HOTD cases had vital pulps versus 62.5% of Ca(OH)2 cases. The 60-day specimens of both experimental and control techniques exhibited histologically similar appearances and were similar in outcomes. HOTD treatment at day 7 showed a significant positive difference, both in the formation of new dentin and tooth vitality. HOTD proved better for the post 21-day specimens and equivalent for the 60-day pulp specimens with no evidence of untoward tissue reactions or results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rohrer
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - H S Prasad
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - E G Savord
- Private practice, Forest Lake Minnesota, USA
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Mounir MMF, Matar MA, Lei Y, Snead ML. Recombinant Amelogenin Protein Induces Apical Closure and Pulp Regeneration in Open-apex, Nonvital Permanent Canine Teeth. J Endod 2016; 42:402-12. [PMID: 26709200 PMCID: PMC4766029 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recombinant DNA-produced amelogenin protein was compared with calcium hydroxide in a study of immature apex closure conducted in 24 young mongrel dogs. METHODS Root canals of maxillary and mandibular right premolars (n = 240) were instrumented and left open for 14 days. Canals were cleansed, irrigated, and split equally for treatment with recombinant mouse amelogenin (n = 120) or calcium hydroxide (n = 120). RESULTS After 1, 3, and 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and the treated teeth recovered for histologic assessment and immunodetection of protein markers associated with odontogenic cells. After 1 month, amelogenin-treated canals revealed calcified tissue formed at the apical foramen and a pulp chamber containing soft connective tissue and hard tissue; amelogenin-treated canals assessed after 3- and 6-month intervals further included apical tissue functionally attached to bone by a periodontal ligament. In contrast, calcified apical tissue was poorly formed in the calcium hydroxide group, and soft connective tissue within the pulp chamber was not observed. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this experimental strategy suggest recombinant amelogenin protein can signal cells to enhance apex formation in nonvital immature teeth and promote soft connective tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M F Mounir
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jamaa District, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Yaping Lei
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Chang SW, Kim JY, Kim MJ, Kim GH, Yi JK, Lee DW, Kum KY, Kim EC. Combined effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and human placental extract on rat pulp tissue and growth, differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:298-306. [PMID: 26807656 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1120882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and human placental extract (HPE) on cell growth, differentiation and in vitro angiogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and to identify underlying signal transduction mechanisms. In vivo dental pulp responses in rats for a pulp-capping agent were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTS assay. ALP activity test, alizarin red S staining and RT-PCR for marker genes were carried out to evaluate cell growth and differentiation. HUVEC migration, mRNA expression and capillary tube formation were measured to evaluate angiogenesis. Signal transduction was analysed using Western blotting and confocal microscopy. The pulps of rat maxillary first molars were exposed and capped with either MTA or MTA plus HPE. Histologic observation and scoring were performed. RESULTS Compared to treatment of HDPCs with either HPE or MTA alone, the combination of HPE and MTA increased cell growth, ALP activity, mineralized nodules and expression of marker mRNAs. Combination HPE and MTA increased migration, capillary tube formation and angiogenic gene expression compared with MTA alone. Activation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p38, JNK and ERK MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB were significantly increased by combining HPE and MTA compared with MTA alone. Pulp capping with MTA plus HPE in rats showed superior dentin bridge formation, odontoblastic layers and dentinal tubules and lower inflammatory cell response, compared to the MTA alone group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the use of MTA with HPE promotes cell growth, differentiation and angiogenesis in HDPCs, which were associated with mTOR, MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Direct pulp capping with HPE plus MTA showed superior results when compared with MTA alone. Thus, the combination of MTA and HPE may be useful for regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC )
| | - Mi-Joo Kim
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC )
| | - Ga-Hyun Kim
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC )
| | | | - Deok-Won Lee
- c Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of Dentistry , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- d Department of Conservative Dentistry , Seoul National University Dental Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC )
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to investigate the possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during the development of mouse tooth germ. TLR4 is well known to inhibit mineralization and cause inflammation in mature odontoblasts and dental pulp cells. However, unlike these pathological functions of TLR4, little is known about the developmental function(s) of TLR4 during tooth development. MATERIALS AND METHODS TLR4 expression was studied via Western blot in developing lower mouse incisors from E13.5 to E18.5. To generate functional data about the effects of TLR4, a specific agonist (LPS) was applied to the medium of in vitro tooth germ cultures, followed by Western blot, histochemical staining, ELISA assay, in situ hybridization and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Increased accumulation of biotin-labelled LPS was detected in the enamel organ and in preodontoblasts. LPS treatment induced degradation of the inhibitor molecule (IκB) of the NF-κB signalling pathway. However, no morphological alterations were detected in cultured tissue after LPS addition at the applied dosage. Activation of TLR4 inhibited the mineralization of enamel and dentin, as demonstrated by alizarin red staining and as decreased levels of collagen type X. mRNA expression of ameloblastin was elevated after LPS administration. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that TLR4 may decrease the mineralization of hard tissues of the tooth germ and may trigger the maturation of ameloblasts; it can give valuable information to understand better congenital tooth abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Papp
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hollo
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Eva Meszar-Katona
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Angela Polyak
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Edit Miko
- b Department of Medical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- c MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group , Debrecen , Hungary
- d Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Peter Bai
- b Department of Medical Chemistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- c MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism Research Group , Debrecen , Hungary
- d Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- a Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
- e Department of Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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Lee Y, An SY, Park YJ, Yu FH, Park JC, Seo DG. Cytotoxic effects of one-step self-etching adhesives on an odontoblast cell line. Scanning 2016; 38:36-42. [PMID: 26186405 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of one-step self-etching adhesives. Cells from an immortalized mouse odontoblast cell line (MDPC-23) were cultured with six different dental adhesive systems (diluted to concentrations of 0.5% for 4 h): Adper Easy Bond (EB), Xeno V (XV), iBond (IB), AdheSE One (AO), Clearfil SE primer (CS), and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometric apoptosis assays were used to evaluate cell viability and the rate of apoptosis. The odontoblasts were also examined under a scanning electron microscope. While all of the cultures with adhesives showed reduced viability, the viabilities in the IB and SB groups were not significantly different from the control group. Although increased apoptosis rates were observed in all of the cultures with adhesives, the rate in the SB group was not significantly different from the rate in the control. The control group showed the lowest apoptosis rate followed by the SB, AO, IB, EB, XV, and CS groups. When examined under a scanning electron microscope, control odontoblasts and the SB group exhibited relatively large cytoplasmic extensions. In contrast, in the EB and CS groups, fewer fibroblasts remained adhered to the plate surface. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell-free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, all cultures with one-step self-etching adhesives showed increased apoptotic activity. SB, an etch-and-rinse adhesive, was comparable to the control group, and CS and EB showed the lowest odontoblast viabilities according to the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn An
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frank H Yu
- Program in Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Gyu Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Soares DG, Sacono NT, Ribeiro APD, Basso FG, Scheffel DS, Hebling J, Costa CADS. Responses of dental pulp cells to a less invasive bleaching technique applied to adhesive-restored teeth. J Adhes Dent 2015; 17:155-61. [PMID: 25763410 DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a33892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the cytotoxicity of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel applied for 15 min to sound or restored teeth with two-step self-etching adhesive systems and composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sound and restored enamel/dentin disks were stored in water for 24 h or 6 months + thermocycling. The disks were adapted to artificial pulp chambers and placed in compartments containing culture medium. Immediately after bleaching, the culture medium in contact with dentin was applied for 1 h to previously cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Thereafter, cell viability (MTT assay) and morphology (SEM) were assessed. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 5%). RESULTS In comparison to the negative control group (no treatment), no significant cell viability reduction occurred in those groups in which sound teeth were bleached. However, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed in the adhesive-restored bleached groups compared to negative control. No significant difference among bleached groups was observed with respect to the presence of restoration and storage time. CONCLUSION The application of 35% HP bleaching gel to sound teeth for 15 min does not cause toxic effects in pulp cells. When this bleaching protocol was performed in adhesive-restored teeth, a significant toxic effect occurred.
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Wang Z, Ma F, Wang J, Zhou Z, Liu B, He X, Fu L, He W, Cooper PR. Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Are Required for Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Mineralization in Murine Odontoblast-like Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:871-6. [PMID: 25720983 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Odontoblasts play an important role in post-developmental control of mineralization in response to external stimuli in the tooth. The present study investigated whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major bacterial cell wall component, influenced mineralization in a murine odontoblast-like cell (OLC) line and the related intracellular signaling pathways involved. METHODS Alizarin red S staining was used to assess mineralized nodule formation in OLCs in response to LPS. The effects of LPS on gene expression of odontoblastic markers were investigated by using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The potential involvement of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in the mineralized nodule formation, and mRNA expression of several odontoblastic markers of OLCs induced by LPS was assessed by using alizarin red S staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, LPS stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of protein that was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS OLCs showed reduced mineralized nodule formation and several odontoblastic markers expression in response to LPS exposure. Furthermore, inhibition of TLR4, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and PI3K/Akt signaling noticeably antagonized LPS-mediated mineralization in OLCs. However, p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and NF-κB signaling inhibitors did not affect LPS-mediated mineralization in OLCs. Notably, LPS treatment resulted in a time-dependent phosphorylation of ERK and PI3K/Akt in OLCs, which was abrogated by their specific inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS LPS decreased mineralization in OLCs via TLR4, ERK MAPK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, but not p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Fengle Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Baogang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Lishilu Outpatient Department, Chinese PLA Second Artillery Corps, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Stomatology, NingXia People's Hospital, NingXia, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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Hozhabri NST, Benson MD, Vu MD, Patel RH, Martinez RM, Nakhaie FN, Kim HKW, Varanasi VG. Decreasing NF-κB expression enhances odontoblastic differentiation and collagen expression in dental pulp stem cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0113334. [PMID: 25629155 PMCID: PMC4309458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory response in the dental pulp can alter the collagen matrix formation by dental pulp stem cells and lead to a delay or poor healing of the pulp. This inflammatory response is mediated by cytokines, including interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. In this study, it is hypothesized that suppressing the actions of these inflammatory cytokines by knocking down the activity of transcription factor Nuclear Factor-κB will lead to dental pulp stem cell differentiation into odontoblasts and the production of collagen. Here, the role of Nuclear Factor-κB signaling and its reduction was examined during odontogenic behavior in the presence of these cytokines. The results showed a significant increase in Nuclear Factor-κB gene expression and p65 protein expression by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Nuclear Factor-κB activation in the presence of these cytokines decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner by a Nuclear Factor-κB inhibitor (MG132) and p65 siRNA. Down-regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB activity also enhanced the gene expression of the odontoblastic markers (dentin sialophosphoprotein, Nestin, and alkaline phosphatase) and displayed an odontoblastic cell morphology indicating the promotion of odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Finally, dental pulp stem cells exposed to reduced Nuclear Factor-κB activity resulted in a significant increase in collagen (I)-α1 expression in the presence of these cytokines. In conclusion, a decrease in Nuclear Factor-κB in dental pulp stem cells in the presence of inflammatory cytokines enhanced odontoblastic differentiation and collagen matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda S. T. Hozhabri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - M. Douglas Benson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Vu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - Rinkesh H. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - Fatemeh N. Nakhaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
| | - Harry K. W. Kim
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas 75219, United States of America
| | - Venu G. Varanasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States of America
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22
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Takei E, Shigetani Y, Yoshiba K, Hinata G, Yoshiba N, Okiji T. Initial transient accumulation of M2 macrophage-associated molecule-expressing cells after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate in rat molars. J Endod 2014; 40:1983-8. [PMID: 25282378 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages are known to participate in wound healing and tissue repair. This study aimed to analyze the temporospatial changes in the distribution and density of M2 macrophage-associated molecule-expressing cells after pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in rat molars to ascertain the role played by M2 macrophages in the healing of MTA-capped pulp tissue. METHODS The maxillary first molars of 8-week-old Wistar rats were pulpotomized and capped with MTA. After 1-14 days, the teeth were examined after hematoxylin-eosin staining or immunoperoxidase staining of CD68 (a general macrophage marker) and M2 macrophage markers (CD163 and CD204). The density of positively stained cells was enumerated in the surface and inner regions (0-100 μm and 300-400 μm, respectively, from the wound surface). RESULTS MTA capping initially caused mild inflammatory changes and the formation of a degenerative layer followed by progressive new matrix formation and calcified bridging. At 1-2 days, CD68-, CD163-, and CD204-positive cells started to accumulate beneath the degenerative layer, and the density of these cells was significantly higher in the surface region than in the inner region (P < .05). From 7 days onward, the 3 types of cells displayed an almost normal distribution beneath the newly formed dentinlike matrix. CONCLUSIONS After the pulpotomy of rat molars with MTA, M2 macrophage-associated molecule-expressing cells transiently accumulated beneath the degenerative layer under the MTA. This suggests that M2 macrophages participate in the initial phases of the healing of MTA-capped pulp tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Aluminum Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/drug effects
- Calcium Compounds/pharmacology
- Cell Count
- Dentin, Secondary/drug effects
- Drug Combinations
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Odontoblasts/drug effects
- Oxides/pharmacology
- Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents/pharmacology
- Pulpotomy/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/analysis
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/drug effects
- Silicates/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Wound Healing/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Takei
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shigetani
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Go Hinata
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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23
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Scheffel DLS, Bianchi L, Soares DG, Basso FG, Sabatini C, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley DH, Hebling J. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of carbodiimide (EDC) and glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells. Oper Dent 2014; 40:44-54. [PMID: 25084106 DOI: 10.2341/13-338-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the transdentinal cytotoxicity of three different concentrations of carbodiimide (EDC) or 5% glutaraldehyde (GA) on MDPC-23 cells. METHODS Seventy 0.4-mm-thick dentin disks obtained from human molars were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal surface of the disks. After 48 hours, the occlusal dentin was acid-etched and treated for 60 seconds with one of the following solutions (n=10): no treatment (negative control); 0.1 M, 0.3 M, or 0.5 M EDC; 5% GA; Sorensen buffer; or 29% hydrogen peroxide (positive control). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by methyltetrazolium assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The eluates were collected after the treatments and applied on MDPC-23 seeded in a 24-well plate to analyze cell death, total protein (TP), and collagen production. The last two tests were performed 24 hours and seven days after the challenge. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS EDC at all test concentrations did not reduce cell viability, while 5% GA did increase cell metabolism. Cell death by necrosis was not elicited by EDC or 5% GA. At the 24-hour period, 0.3 M and 0.5 M EDC reduced TP production by 18% and 36.8%, respectively. At seven days, increased TP production was observed in all groups. Collagen production at the 24-hour period was reduced when 0.5 M EDC was used. After seven days, no difference was observed among the groups. SEM showed no alteration in cell morphology or number, except in the hydrogen peroxide group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of acid-etched dentin with EDC or GA did not cause transdentinal cytotoxic effects on odontoblast-like cells.
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24
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Ozeki N, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Hiyama T, Nakata K, Mogi M, Nakamura H. Cytokines induce MMP-3-regulated proliferation of embryonic stem cell-derived odontoblast-like cells. Oral Dis 2014; 20:505-13. [PMID: 23902456 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 expression increases after pulpectomy and accelerates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp by an uncharacterised mechanism. Odontoblasts, a major component of dental pulp, could represent a therapeutic target. We investigated whether MMP-3 activity is induced by cytokines and/or is associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis in embryonic stem cell-derived odontoblast-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, an MMP-3 activity assay, a BrdU-cell proliferation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA fragmentation analysis to evaluate siRNA-mediated downregulation of MMP-3 expression and activity, and any changes in the proliferative and apoptotic responses associated with this reduced expression. RESULTS Pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ, at relatively low concentrations) induced MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression, and increased MMP-3 activity and cell proliferation, but not apoptosis. MMP-3 silencing produced a potent and significant suppression of cytokine-induced MMP-3 expression and activity, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These effects were rescued by application of exogenous MMP-3. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines induce MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects in odontoblast-like cells derived from embryonic stem cells, in addition to their well-documented destructive role in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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25
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Wu Y, Sun H, Song F, Fu D, Wang J. DDIT3 overexpression increases odontoblastic potential of human dental pulp cells. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:249-57. [PMID: 24738922 PMCID: PMC6495274 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) with multi-potential differentiational capacity can undergo odontoblastic differentiation when stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines. However, factors linking proinflammatory stimuli and their odontoblastic differentiation have, as yet, not been completely understood. As an apoptotic transcription factor, DDIT3 plays a crucial role in the inflammatory reaction and in osteogenic differentiation. Thus, we hypothesized that DDIT3 may participate in odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect expression of DDIT3 in HDPCs and effects of TNFα, on its nuclear accumulation. HDPCs that overexpressed DDIT3 were developed and their proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation abilities were examined. qRT-PCR was employed to detect mineralization-related genes, including ALP, runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2), osterix (OSX), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1) and osteocalcin (OCN). Western blot analysis was performed to detect expression of DSPP protein. RESULTS DDIT3 was expressed in HDPCs. TNFα treatment enhanced mRNA expression as well as nuclear accumulation of DDIT3 (slightly). DDIT3 overexpression reduced HDPC proliferation, however, it increased their calcium nodule formation and expression of OSX, DSPP, DMP1 and OCN. CONCLUSIONS DDIT3 may be a factor that links proinflammatory stimuli and differentiation of HDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - H. Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - F. Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - D. Fu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
| | - J. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationSchool & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430079China
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26
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Kökten T, Bécavin T, Keller L, Weickert JL, Kuchler-Bopp S, Lesot H. Immunomodulation stimulates the innervation of engineered tooth organ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86011. [PMID: 24465840 PMCID: PMC3899083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory innervation of the dental mesenchyme is essential for tooth function and protection. Sensory innervation of the dental pulp is mediated by axons originating from the trigeminal ganglia and is strictly regulated in time. Teeth can develop from cultured re-associations between dissociated dental epithelial and mesenchymal cells from Embryonic Day 14 mouse molars, after implantation under the skin of adult ICR mice. In these conditions however, the innervation of the dental mesenchyme did not occur spontaneously. In order to go further with this question, complementary experimental approaches were designed. Cultured cell re-associations were implanted together with trigeminal ganglia for one or two weeks. Although axonal growth was regularly observed extending from the trigeminal ganglia to all around the forming teeth, the presence of axons in the dental mesenchyme was detected in less than 2.5% of samples after two weeks, demonstrating a specific impairment of their entering the dental mesenchyme. In clinical context, immunosuppressive therapy using cyclosporin A was found to accelerate the innervation of transplanted tissues. Indeed, when cultured cell re-associations and trigeminal ganglia were co-implanted in cyclosporin A-treated ICR mice, nerve fibers were detected in the dental pulp, even reaching odontoblasts after one week. However, cyclosporin A shows multiple effects, including direct ones on nerve growth. To test whether there may be a direct functional relationship between immunomodulation and innervation, cell re-associations and trigeminal ganglia were co-implanted in immunocompromised Nude mice. In these conditions as well, the innervation of the dental mesenchyme was observed already after one week of implantation, but axons reached the odontoblast layer after two weeks only. This study demonstrated that immunodepression per se does stimulate the innervation of the dental mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunay Kökten
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1109, team “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibault Bécavin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1109, team “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laetitia Keller
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1109, team “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Weickert
- Service de Microscopie Electronique, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM Unité (U)964, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR1704, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1109, team “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1109, team “Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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27
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Tsumura M, Sobhan U, Sato M, Shimada M, Nishiyama A, Kawaguchi A, Soya M, Kuroda H, Tazaki M, Shibukawa Y. Functional expression of TRPM8 and TRPA1 channels in rat odontoblasts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82233. [PMID: 24358160 PMCID: PMC3864925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblasts produce dentin during development, throughout life, and in response to pathological conditions by sensing stimulation of exposed dentin. The functional properties and localization patterns of transient receptor potential (TRP) melastatin subfamily member 8 (TRPM8) and ankyrin subfamily member 1 (TRPA1) channels in odontoblasts remain to be clarified. We investigated the localization and the pharmacological, biophysical, and mechano-sensitive properties of TRPM8 and TRPA1 channels in rat odontoblasts. Menthol and icilin increased the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Icilin-, WS3-, or WS12-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases were inhibited by capsazepine or 5-benzyloxytriptamine. The increase in [Ca(2+)]i elicited by allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was inhibited by HC030031. WS12 and AITC exerted a desensitizing effect on [Ca(2+)]i increase. Low-temperature stimuli elicited [Ca(2+)]i increases that are sensitive to both 5-benzyloxytriptamine and HC030031. Hypotonic stimulation-induced membrane stretch increased [Ca(2+)]i; HC030031 but not 5-benzyloxytriptamine inhibited the effect. The results suggest that TRPM8 channels in rat odontoblasts play a role in detecting low-temperature stimulation of the dentin surface and that TRPA1 channels are involved in sensing membrane stretching and low-temperature stimulation. The results also indicate that odontoblasts act as mechanical and thermal receptor cells, detecting the stimulation of exposed dentin to drive multiple cellular functions, such as sensory transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsumura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ubaidus Sobhan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oral Health Science, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Kawaguchi
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Manabu Soya
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kuroda
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tazaki
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan
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Hiyama T, Ozeki N, Mogi M, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Nakata K, Kondo A, Nakamura H. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 in odontoblastic cells derived from ips cells: unique proliferation response as odontoblastic cells derived from ES cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83563. [PMID: 24358294 PMCID: PMC3865184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 accelerates wound healing following dental pulp injury. In addition, we reported that a proinflammatory cytokine mixture (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon-γ) induced MMP-3 activity in odontoblast-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, suggesting that MMP-3 plays a potential unique physiological role in wound healing and regeneration of dental pulp in odontoblast-like cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that upregulation of MMP-3 activity by IL-1β promotes proliferation and apoptosis of purified odontoblast-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) and ES cells. Each odontoblast-like cell was isolated and incubated with different concentrations of IL-1β. MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression were assessed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. MMP-3 activity was measured using immunoprecipitation and a fluorescence substrate. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using ELISA for BrdU and DNA fragmentation, respectively. siRNA was used to reduce MMP-3 transcripts in these cells. Treatment with IL-1β increased MMP-3 mRNA and protein levels, and MMP-3 activity in odontoblast-like cells. Cell proliferation was found to markedly increase with no changes in apoptosis. Endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were constitutively expressed during all experiments. The exocytosis inhibitor, Exo1, potently suppressed the appearance of MMP-3 in the conditioned medium. Treatment with siRNA against MMP-3 suppressed an IL-1β-induced increase in MMP-3 expression and activity, and also suppressed cell proliferation, but unexpectedly increased apoptosis in these cells (P<0.05). Exogenous MMP-3 was found to induce cell proliferation in odontoblast-like cells derived from iPS cells and ES cells. This siRNA-mediated increase in apoptosis could be reversed with exogenous MMP-3 stimulation (P<0.05). Taken together, IL-1β induced MMP-3-regulated cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in odontoblast-like cells derived from iPS and ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hiyama
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ozeki
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makio Mogi
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rie Kawai
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakata
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayami Kondo
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakamura
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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29
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Soares DG, Pontes ECV, Ribeiro APD, Basso FG, Hebling J, Costa CADS. Low toxic effects of a whitening strip to cultured pulp cells. Am J Dent 2013; 26:283-285. [PMID: 24479281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the trans-enamel and trans-dentin toxicity of a 10% hydrogen peroxide (HP) whitening strip to odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). METHODS Enamel surfaces of enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers were subjected to two 30-minute whitening strip applications to obtain indirect extracts (DMEM + bleaching components that diffused across enamel and dentin). The extracts were applied for 1 hour to the cells for 1 or 5 days. A bleaching gel with 35% HP was used as the positive control. Cell viability (MTT assay) and morphology (SEM) as well as the quantity of HP in the extracts were assessed. RESULTS Discrete cell viability reduction (21.9%) associated with slight alterations in cell morphology occurred after application of the extracts for 5 days to the MDPC-23 cells (Tukey's test; P < 0.05). Lower enamel/dentin diffusion of HP was observed after the use of the whitening strip compared with the bleaching gel (Mann-Whitney; P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Voltoline Pontes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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30
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Lima AF, Ribeiro APD, Soares DGS, Sacono NT, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Toxic effects of daily applications of 10% carbamide peroxide on odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:1319-25. [PMID: 23351219 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.762992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND bleaching has been widely studied, mainly due to the possible undesirable effects that can be caused by this esthetic procedure. The cytotoxicity of the bleaching agents and its components to pulp cells has been demonstrated in several researches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of successive applications of 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel on odontoblast-like cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel-dentin discs obtained from bovine incisors were adapted to artificial pulp chambers (APCs). The groups were formed as follows: G1: Without treatment (control group); G2: 10% carbamide peroxide, CP (five applications/one per day); G3: 10% CP (one unique application); and G4: 35% hydrogen peroxide, HP (three applications of 15 min each). After treatment, cell metabolism (MTT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and plasma membrane damage (flow cytometry) were analyzed. RESULTS Reductions in cell metabolism and alkaline phosphatase activity along with severe damage of the cytoplasmic membrane were noted in G2. In G3, no damage was observed, compared to the control group. Intermediary values of toxicity were obtained after 35% HP application. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that one application of 10% CP did not cause toxic effects in odontoblast-like cells, but the successive application of this product promoted severe cytotoxic effects. The daily application of the bleaching agents, such as used in the at-home bleaching technique, can increase the damages caused by this treatment to the dental pulp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Fonseca Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Pérard M, Le Clerc J, Watrin T, Meary F, Pérez F, Tricot-Doleux S, Pellen-Mussi P. Spheroid model study comparing the biocompatibility of Biodentine and MTA. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:1527-1534. [PMID: 23515903 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess the biological effects of a new dentine substitute based on Ca₃SiO₅ (Biodentine™) for use in pulp-capping treatment, on pseudo-odontoblastic (MDPC-23) and pulp (Od-21) cells. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on gene expression in cultured spheroids. We used the acid phosphatase assay to compare the biocompatibility of Biodentine and MTA. Cell differentiation was investigated by RT-qPCR. We investigated the expression of genes involved in odontogenic differentiation (Runx2), matrix secretion (Col1a1, Spp1) and mineralisation (Alp). ANOVA and PLSD tests were used for data analysis. MDPC-23 cells cultured in the presence of MTA had higher levels of viability than those cultured in the presence of Biodentine and control cells on day 7 (P = 0.0065 and P = 0.0126, respectively). For Od-21 cells, proliferation rates on day 7 were significantly lower in the presence of Biodentine or MTA than for control (P < 0.0001). Col1a1 expression levels were slightly lower in cells cultured in the presence of MTA than in those cultured in the presence of Biodentine and in control cells. Biodentine and MTA may modify the proliferation of pulp cell lines. Their effects may fluctuate over time, depending on the cell line considered. The observed similarity between Biodentine and MTA validates the indication for direct pulp-capping claimed by the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Pérard
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Univ Rennes1, UEB, Bât. 15, 2 Av du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Salmon B, Bardet C, Khaddam M, Naji J, Coyac BR, Baroukh B, Letourneur F, Lesieur J, Decup F, Le Denmat D, Nicoletti A, Poliard A, Rowe PS, Huet E, Vital SO, Linglart A, McKee MD, Chaussain C. MEPE-derived ASARM peptide inhibits odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and impairs mineralization in tooth models of X-linked hypophosphatemia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56749. [PMID: 23451077 PMCID: PMC3579870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X-chromosome) cause X-linked familial hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), a disorder having severe bone and tooth dentin mineralization defects. The absence of functional PHEX leads to abnormal accumulation of ASARM (acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif) peptide − a substrate for PHEX and a strong inhibitor of mineralization − derived from MEPE (matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein) and other matrix proteins. MEPE-derived ASARM peptide accumulates in tooth dentin of XLH patients where it may impair dentinogenesis. Here, we investigated the effects of ASARM peptides in vitro and in vivo on odontoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were seeded into a 3D collagen scaffold, and induced towards odontogenic differentiation. Cultures were treated with synthetic ASARM peptides (phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated) derived from the human MEPE sequence. Phosphorylated ASARM peptide inhibited SHED differentiation in vitro, with no mineralized nodule formation, decreased odontoblast marker expression, and upregulated MEPE expression. Phosphorylated ASARM peptide implanted in a rat molar pulp injury model impaired reparative dentin formation and mineralization, with increased MEPE immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, using complementary models to study tooth dentin defects observed in XLH, we demonstrate that the MEPE-derived ASARM peptide inhibits both odontogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization, while increasing MEPE expression. These results contribute to a partial mechanistic explanation of XLH pathogenesis: direct inhibition of mineralization by ASARM peptide leads to the mineralization defects in XLH teeth. This process appears to be positively reinforced by the increased MEPE expression induced by ASARM. The MEPE-ASARM system can therefore be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Salmon
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau – Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, AP-HP, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Mayssam Khaddam
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jiar Naji
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Benjamin R. Coyac
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau – Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris France
- Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Franck Letourneur
- Institut Cochin, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julie Lesieur
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Franck Decup
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP Odontology Department Charles Foix, Ivry Sur Seine, France
| | - Dominique Le Denmat
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Antonino Nicoletti
- Inserm UMRS698, Paris, France
- Denis Diderot University, UMRS698, Paris, France
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Peter S. Rowe
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Eric Huet
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire CRRET, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Sibylle Opsahl Vital
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau – Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, AP-HP, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, AP-HP, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- APHP Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children, Bicêtre Paris Sud Hospital, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies of the Tooth, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau – Louis Mourier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, AP-HP, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail:
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Karanxha L, Park SJ, Son WJ, Nor JE, Min KS. Combined effects of simvastatin and enamel matrix derivative on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2013; 39:76-82. [PMID: 23228261 PMCID: PMC3812675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that simvastatin and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) have a dentinogenic effect. However, there is little information about the combined effects of these 2 agents on odontoblastic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined treatment with simvastatin and EMD on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). This study further explored the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as a target and mediator of the differentiation induced by simvastatin in hDPCs. METHODS The odontoblastic differentiation was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase activity, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for odontoblastic/osteoblastic markers (ie, dentin sialophosphoprotein, dentin matrix protein 1, and osteonectin), and alizarin red S staining. We also explored the role of ERK signaling as a mediator of simvastatin by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors was detected by reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS The alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of odontoblastic markers (ie, dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1) increased in simvastatin/EMD-treated cells. Mineralized nodule formation increased in EMD- and simvastatin/EMD-treated cells. Notably, the combined use of both simvastatin and EMD resulted in more potent differentiation than that observed after a single therapy. Simvastatin activated ERK phosphorylation and treatment with ERK inhibitor blocked the messenger RNA expression of odontoblastic markers. However, in simvastatin/EMD-treated cells, the expression of these genes did not decrease significantly. Compared with other groups, the EMD- and simvastatin/EMD-treated group showed a greater expression of osterix. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin promotes odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs via the ERK signaling pathway. In addition, simvastatin-induced differentiation is facilitated by co-treatment with EMD. Collectively, these results suggest a new strategy to induce odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Karanxha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Jun Son
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jacques E. Nor
- Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Korea
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Curl L, Barker C, Dreyer C, Sampson W. A pharmacodynamic investigation into the efficacy of osteoprotegerin during aseptic inflammation. Aust Orthod J 2012; 28:219-224. [PMID: 23304971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoprotegerin (OPG), as an osteoclast antagonist, limits mineralised tissue resorption under physiological conditions. Previous work investigating OPG in a rat periodontal ligament (PDL) ankylosis model found no inhibitory effect on osteoclasts when OPG was administered at a dosage of 2.5mg/kg. AIMS The object of this study was to determine whether dosages higher than 2.5 mg/kg of OPG were required to limit osteoclastic activity in an aseptic inflammatory model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dry ice was applied for 15 minutes to the upper right first molar crown of eighteen, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of 3 were injected with OPG at dosages of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight immediately following the thermal insult. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed and each maxilla processed for histological examination and stained for osteoclastic activity using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoclast population numbers were estimated via light microscopy and results were analysed using a comparative mixed model statistical analysis. RESULTS Results showed OPG inhibited osteoclastic activity in a dose-dependent manner. From 2.5 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg, osteoclast populations were linearly reduced by 39.78% (p < 0.05). OPG did not appear to affect the inflammatory process and had varied efficacy in different regions of individual teeth. CONCLUSION Although osteoclastic activity reduced, it was not completely eliminated, perhaps because dosages were still inadequate, or additional factors might influence OPG and osteoclast activation in the aseptic inflammatory model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Curl
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Man J, Shelton RM, Cooper PR, Scheven BA. Low-intensity low-frequency ultrasound promotes proliferation and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells. J Endod 2012; 38:608-13. [PMID: 22515888 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound is a potential therapeutic tool for dental tissue repair, but its biological effects on odontoblasts have not been well characterized. In this study, the effects of low-intensity low-frequency ultrasound on the viability, proliferation, and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells were investigated. METHODS Cell viability and proliferation were assessed after the treatment of adherent clonal MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells with a 25-mW/cm(2) 45-kHz ultrasound. An in vitro scratch wound healing assay was used to investigate the ultrasound effects on cell migration. Long-term cultures were used to study odontogenic differentiation and extracellular mineralization. RESULTS Ultrasound exposure for up to 30 minutes did not significantly affect odontoblast-like cell viability but significantly increased cell numbers after 2 days in culture. Ultrasound did not influence the scratch wound closure rate in the absence or presence of the mitogen inhibitor mitomycin C, indicating that ultrasound did not influence cellular migration. Single and consecutive exposures to ultrasound resulted in the enhancement of in vitro mineralization after 14 days in culture with an osteogenic differentiation medium. This coincided with the up-regulation of gene expression of collagen type I, osteoadherin, dentine matrix protein 1, and osteocalcin as well as the expression of cell markers alkaline phosphatase and nestin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that low-frequency ultrasound is able to influence proliferation and differentiation of odontoblast-like cells and may potentially be considered as a therapeutic tool for dental pulp and dentine repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Man
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Lee SY, Min KS, Choi GW, Park JH, Park SH, Lee SI, Kim EC. Effects of simvastain and enamel matrix derivative on Portland cement with bismuth oxide-induced growth and odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2012; 38:405-10. [PMID: 22341085 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported that bismuth oxide containing Portland cement (BPC) showed similar biocompatibility to Portland cement (PC) in periodontal ligament cells. However, the bioactivity of simvastatin and Emdogain (Biora AB, Malmö, Sweden) on BPC was not reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin and Emdogain on BPC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODS Cell growth was determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. Differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The cell growth of HDPCs exposed to Emdogain and simvastatin plus BPC was superior to those administered BPC alone and similar to those that received MTA for 14 days. The simvastatin and Emdogain groups increased the odontogenic potential of the BPC group with respect to ALP activity, mineralization nodules, messenger RNA expression of ALP, osteopontin, osteocalcin, Runx2, and osterix. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that simvastatin and Emdogain improved cell growth and the differentiation of the BPC group in HDPCs and may be useful ingredients in BPC as pulp-capping material.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Semeghini MS, Fernandes RR, Chimello DT, de Oliveira FS, Bombonato-Prado KF. In vitro evaluation of the odontogenic potential of mouse undifferentiated pulp cells. Braz Dent J 2012; 23:328-36. [PMID: 23207845 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402012000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the odontogenic potential of undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21 cell line) through chemical stimuli in vitro. Cells were divided into uninduced cells (OD-21), induced cells (OD-21 cultured in supplemented medium/OD-21+OM) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23 cell line). After 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of culture, it was evaluated: proliferation and cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, mineralization, immunolocalization of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) and quantification of genes ALP, OSTERIX (Osx), DMP1 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). There was a decrease in cell proliferation in OD-21 + OM, whereas cell viability was similar in all groups, except at 7 days. The amount of total protein was higher in group OD-21 + OM in all periods; the same occurred with ALP activity after 10 days when compared with OD-21, with no significant differences from the MDPC-23 group. Mineralization was higher in OD-21+OM when compared with the negative control. Immunolocalization demonstrated that DMP1 and ALP were highly expressed in MDPC-23 cells and OD-21 + OM cells, whereas OPN was high in all groups. Real-time PCR revealed that DMP1 and ALP expression was higher in MDPC-23 cell cultures, whereas RUNX2 was lower for these cells and higher for OD-21 negative control. Osx expression was lower for OD-21 + OM. These results suggest that OD-21 undifferentiated pulp cells have odontogenic potential and could be used in dental tissue engineering.
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Fransson H. On the repair of the dentine barrier. Swed Dent J Suppl 2012:9-84. [PMID: 22834214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The overall aim of this thesis was to study some aspects of the repair of the dentine barrier, especially in conjunction with dental pulp capping. Understanding the events leading to the healing of the dentine and pulp, and hence successfully preserving the vitality and functions of the tooth, would lead to a scientific basis for a less invasive treatment of pulp exposures than performing root canal treatments. The surfaces of the body have physiological barrier functions aimed at protecting the body from external noxious agents. In the tooth, the odontoblasts, which line the outermost part of the pulp and are responsible for the formation of dentine, play a central role in the barrier function and thus in the defence mechanisms of the tooth. The micro-organisms in the caries lesion can reach the pulp via the dentinal tubules. However, the barrier function helps to prevent microbial invasion and thereby avoid deleterious inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the pulp. Dentine repair is an important part of the barrier function. There are however doubts as to whether the repair also leads to restitution of the function and the ability to withstand bacterial influx over the longer term. Pulp capping is a treatment method used when the pulp has been exposed in order to stimulate healing of the pulp and dentine. The evidence for repair of the dentine after pulp capping in humans has been studied by means of a systematic review. The focus of the literature search was studies performed in humans where hard tissue formation had been studied with the aid of a microscope. We concluded, based on the limited evidence available, that calcium hydroxide based materials but not bonding agents promote formation of a hard tissue bridge. Scientific evidence was lacking as to whether MTA was better than calcium hydroxide based materials in this regard. A gel (Emdogain Gel) containing amelogenin, known to be involved in dentinogenesis, was evaluated with regard to formation of hard tissue in a clinical study. A greater amount of hard tissue was formed after application of the gel compared to the control. Characterization of the tissue concluded it to be dentine, based on its content of type 1 collagen and dentine sialoprotein, although it was not formed as a continuous bridge covering the pulp wound. Beneath a deep caries lesion an important part of the barrier function is the odontoblasts' response to bacteria with the formation of new dentine. A cell model with odontoblasts was used to study the effects of clinical isolates from a deep carious lesion on their viability and production of type 1 collagen, the major component of the dentine in the early stages of its formation. There were bacteria that negatively affected the viability of the odontoblast-like cells and different bacteria varied in their effects on type 1 collagen production, suggesting that some bacteria may have a direct influence on the odontoblasts' ability to form dentine. In summary; Emdogain Gel initiated dentine formation, though not in a form that could constitute a barrier and there are indications that bacteria may differentially affect the odontoblasts' ability to repair the dentine barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fransson
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden 2012
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Lee DS, Yoon WJ, Cho ES, Kim HJ, Gronostajski RM, Cho MI, Park JC. Crosstalk between nuclear factor I-C and transforming growth factor-β1 signaling regulates odontoblast differentiation and homeostasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29160. [PMID: 22195013 PMCID: PMC3241690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling plays a key role in vertebrate development, homeostasis, and disease. Nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) has been implicated in TGF-β1 signaling, extracellular matrix gene transcription, and tooth root development. However, the functional relationship between NFI-C and TGF-β1 signaling remains uncharacterized. The purpose of this study was to identify the molecular interactions between NFI-C and TGF-β1 signaling in mouse odontoblasts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western analysis demonstrated that NFI-C expression levels were inversely proportional to levels of TGF-β1 signaling molecules during in vitro odontoblast differentiation. Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that NFI-C was significantly degraded after TGF-β1 addition in odontoblasts, and the formation of the Smad3 complex was essential for NFI-C degradation. Additionally, ubiquitination assay results showed that Smurf1 and Smurf2 induced NFI-C degradation and polyubiquitination in a TGF-β1-dependent manner. Both kinase and in vitro binding assays revealed that the interaction between NFI-C and Smurf1/Smurf2 requires the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by TGF-β1. Moreover, degradation of NFI-C induced by TGF-β1 occurred generally in cell types other than odontoblasts in normal human breast epithelial cells. In contrast, NFI-C induced dephosphorylation of p-Smad2/3. These results show that crosstalk between NFI-C and TGF-β1 signaling regulates cell differentiation and homeostatic processes in odontoblasts, which might constitute a common cellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seol Lee
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Joon Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, BK21 Project, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Sic Cho
- Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-ju, Korea
| | - Heung-Joong Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, Korea
| | - Richard M. Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Neuroscience, Developmental Genomics Group and Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Moon-Il Cho
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Washington JT, Schneiderman E, Spears R, Fernandez CR, He J, Opperman LA. Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of new generation endodontic materials established by using primary osteoblasts. J Endod 2011; 37:1166-70. [PMID: 21763915 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Generex A and Generex B (calcium silicate based), Capasio (calcium-phospho-alumino silicate based) along with Ceramicrete-D (magnesium phosphate based) are being introduced as a new generation of endodontic materials with the potential to facilitate bone healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of these new materials by using primary osteoblasts. METHODS Primary osteoblasts were prepared from rat calvaria and exposed to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Generex A, Generex B, Capasio, and Ceramicrete-D prepared to standardized size and shape (n = 5). Trypan blue staining was used to evaluate cell viability from 1-6 days. Mineralization potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy for the presence of mineralized nodules. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS Only Generex A and MTA allowed cell growth and proliferation throughout the experiment. There were statistically significant differences between groups throughout the experiment beginning on day 1. The greatest amount of cell growth was consistently observed with Generex A and MTA. There was no difference in mineralized nodule formation between any test materials. CONCLUSIONS Generex A was the only new generation endodontic material that supported primary osteoblast growth; no material besides MTA facilitated nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelani T Washington
- Department of Endodontics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Ohkura N, Hosoya A, Shigetani Y, Yamanaka Y, Izumi N, Nakamura H, Okiji T. Expressional alterations of fibrillin-1 during wound healing of human dental pulp. J Endod 2011; 38:177-84. [PMID: 22244632 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The degradation of fibrillins, the major constituents of microfibrils, is known to facilitate the release of active transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a signaling molecule contributing to mineralized tissue barrier formation in exposed dental pulps. To examine the involvement of fibrillins in the barrier formation, we examined the temporospatial expression of (1) genes and proteins of fibrillins and (2) factors possibly associated with fibrillin degradation and cytodifferentiation in exposed human pulps. Human pulp slice cultures were also examined for the role of fibrillins in mineralization. METHODS Clinically healthy pulps were mechanically exposed and capped with mineral trioxide aggregate. After 7 to 42 days, the teeth were processed for immunohistochemical and cytochemical staining of fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, latent TGF-β-binding protein (LTBP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and in situ hybridization of fibrillin-1. Pulp tissue slices cultured with β-glycerophosphate were analyzed for fibrillin-1, fibrillin-2, and ALP with the immunohistochemical/cytochemical staining and quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Fibrillin-1-immunoreactivity was seen until 7 days but turned into undetectable since 14 days in the pulpal area just beneath the exposure site. MMP-3-immunoreaction was transiently detected at 14 days. At 42 days when the mineralized barrier was evident, fibrillin-1-immunoreactivity and fibrillin-1 expression remained down-regulated. Fibrillin-2, LTBP-1, and ALP were constantly detected in the fibrillin-1-undetectable area. Pulp slices cultured with β-glycerophosphate showed mineralization with up-regulation of ALP and down-regulation of fibrillin-1. CONCLUSIONS Degradation and down-regulation of fibrillin-1 expression took place during the mineralized tissue barrier formation in exposed pulps in vivo and β-glycerophosphate-induced pulpal mineralization in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Course for Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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de Mendonça AM, de Oliveira CF, Hebling J, Costa CADS. Influence of the activation mode of a self-etch resin-based luting cement upon the metabolism of odontoblast-like cells. Am J Dent 2011; 24:233-238. [PMID: 22016918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cytotoxicity of a self-etch resin-based luting cement, RelyXUnicem (RXU) upon chemical or dual cure and with or without interposition of IPS d.SIGN (IPSD) or IPS Empress II (IPSE) ceramic discs between cement and light source. METHODS 112 RXU specimens were subjected to different curing conditions and incubated in culture medium (DMEM) to obtain extracts. The following groups were formed: G1: DMEM (control); G2: dual RXU; G3: chemical RXU; G4: dual RXU+IPSD; G5: chemical RXU+IPSD; G6: dual RXU+IPSE; and G7: chemical RXU+IPSE. Cultured odontoblast-like cells were incubated for 24 hours in contact with the extracts. Data from cell metabolism (CM), total protein dosage (TPD) and alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) were obtained and analyzed statistically (alpha = 0.05; Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests). Cell morphology was analyzed by SEM. RESULTS CM and APA were significantly lower in G3 and G7 than in G1 (P<0.05). Significant TPD decrease occurred in G5 and G7 compared to G1 (P<0.05). Only G4 and G6 presented CM changes. RXU caused no cytotoxicity when subjected to dual cure without ceramic interposition. However, mild cytopathic effects were observed after chemical setting without ceramic interposition, and after chemical and dual activation under ceramic discs.
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Aurrekoetxea M, Ibarretxe G, García-Gallastegui P, Unda F. P8-alteration of tooth development in two-phase organotypic cultures by transient glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibition. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 2011; 49:100-101. [PMID: 22750377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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Salmela E, Lukinmaa PL, Partanen AM, Sahlberg C, Alaluusua S. Combined effect of fluoride and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on mouse dental hard tissue formation in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:953-63. [PMID: 21113806 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride interferes with enamel matrix secretion and mineralization and dentin mineralization. The most toxic dioxin congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), also impairs dental hard tissue formation and mineralization in vitro and in vivo. Our aim was to investigate in vitro whether the combined effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) and TCDD on dental hard tissue formation is potentiative. For this purpose, mandibular first and second molar tooth germs of E18 mouse embryos were cultured for 5-12 days with NaF and TCDD alone at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 20 μM and 5, 10, 12.5, and 15 nM, respectively) to determine the highest concentrations, which alone cause no or negligible effects. Morphological changes were studied from the whole tooth photographs and histological tissue sections. The concentrations found were 15 μM for NaF and 10 nM for TCDD. While at these concentrations, the effects of NaF and TCDD alone were barely detectable, the effect of simultaneous exposure on dentin and enamel formation was overt; mineralization of predentin to dentin and enamel matrix secretion and mineralization were impaired. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the combined exposure modified amelogenin expression by odontoblasts. Morphology of ameloblasts and the expression of amelogenin indicated that ameloblasts were still secretory. The results show that NaF and TCDD have potentiative, harmful effects on the formation of dental hard tissues. Since children can be exposed to subclinical levels of fluoride and dioxins during early childhood, coincidently with mineralization of the first permanent teeth, this finding may have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Salmela
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Mamaladze MT, Ustiashvili MG. [Theoretical and practical principles of dentinogenesis: hypotheses and confirmed clinically reality]. Georgian Med News 2010:22-28. [PMID: 20972271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The problem of maintaining dental vitality and stimulating reparative processes is a priority in modern odontology. Restorative processes depend not only on the type and size of tissue damage, but also on the protection capacity and integrity of the structural/functional pulp-dentin boundary. Primary dentin that is initiated in the intrauterine period has unique structure and composition. Secondary dentin continues to form after the tooth is erupted, then after root formation is finished, and throughout life. Actually the primary and secondary dentins have similar tissue structures developed at different stages of dentinogenesis. Primary dentinogenesis is initiated by odontoblasts located in the periphery of dental pulp. Secondary dentin as a structure already exists once root formation is complete, but at that stage is has low levels of mineralization. Formation of tertiary dentin is always reactionary to different pathologies and is initiated by so called "transitional odontoblasts" (odontoblast-like cells) and partially fibroblasts. Odontotropic and anti-inflammatory medications strongly change structural characteristics of the dentin. Pulpal ability to produce dentin-like matrix (tertiary dentin) is an important component of the pulp-dentin reparative capacity. Only specific characteristics of the dentin can account for indications and contraindications for using restorative liners and explain the impact of adhesive systems on these. In this context, the interest is high to the dentin and its response and change in reaction to different stimuli. Dental caries and other pathological processes (abrasion, erosion, attrition) seriously affect dentin vital activity causing it to change to the "emergency" mode. This process is viewed not as resulting from pulp medication but as reactionary, aimed for self-preservation. In such cases the major focus is not on drug composition but on pulpal response. The pulp may be said to "form tertiary dentin for self-protection". In conclusion, the tertiary dentin that forms as a result of pathological processes (express-dentin, reparatory dentin) could be identified as a perfect barrier for the pulp necessary for keeping it vital. And investigation of mechanisms causing primary stimulation of odontoblasts and triggering the reparative processes remains a pressing problem in modern odontology.
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Shayegan A, Atash R, Petein M, Abbeele AV. Nanohydroxyapatite used as a pulpotomy and direct pulp capping agent in primary pig teeth. J Dent Child (Chic) 2010; 77:77-83. [PMID: 20819402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, a fully Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatie (NHA) paste has been introduced for augmentation procedures in osseous defects and is attracting increasing interest in medicine and dentistry. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the pulp response of pig primary teeth after capping with NHA and formocresol in pulpotomy and NHA and calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping. METHODS Forty teeth of two 4-month old pigs were pulpotomized and capped with these materials. Four weeks later, the animals were euthanized and the specimens were prepared for histological examination. RESULTS In the pulpotomy groups, there was a significant difference between NHA and FC in terms of pulp response, hard tissue formation and normal pulp tissue preservation. In the direct pulp capping groups, there was no significant difference between NHA and Ca(OH)2 in terms of criteria mentioned above. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present histological study show that, in the short term and in non-carious pig teeth, NHA appears to be biocompatible and provokes no moderate or severe inflammatory reaction in pulp tissue in both pulpotomy and direct pulp capping treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shayegan
- Department of Children and Adult Operative Dentistry, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
The inflammation observed in the dental pulp of teeth with deep caries lesions is characterized by a significant increase in blood vessel density. It is known that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive cariogenic bacteria induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in dental pulp cells. The hypothesis underlying this study was that LTA induces VEGF expression in dental pulp cells through TLR2 and PI3k/Akt signaling. Odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) and undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) were exposed to LTA from Streptococcus sanguis, and the role of TLR2, PI3K/Akt, and IKK signaling in LTA-induced VEGF expression was evaluated. These studies demonstrated that TLR2 signaling through the PI3K-Akt pathway is necessary for LTA-induced VEGF expression in pulp cells. In contrast, inhibition of IKK signaling did not prevent VEGF up-regulation in response to LTA. Understanding signaling pathways triggered by cariogenic bacteria may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the clinical management of pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Soden
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University, Rm. 2309, Ann Arbor, MI 48103-1078, USA
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Hebling J, Lessa FCR, Nogueira I, Carvalho RM, Costa CAS. Cytotoxicity of resin-based light-cured liners. Am J Dent 2009; 22:137-142. [PMID: 19650592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of resin-based light-cured liners on culture of pulp cells. METHODS Discs measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were fabricated from TheraCal (TCMTA), Vitrebond (VIT), and Ultrablend Plus (UBP). These specimens were immersed in serum-free culture medium (DMEM) for 24 hours or 7 days to produce the extracts. After incubating the pulp cells for 72 hours, the extracts were applied on the cells and the cytotoxic effects were determined based on the cell metabolism (MTT), total protein expression and cell morphology (SEM). In the control group, fresh DMEM was used. Data from MTT analysis and protein expression were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at the preset level of significance of 5%. RESULTS When in contact with the 24-hour extract, TCMTA, VIT, and UBP decreased the cell metabolism by 31.5%, 73.5% and 71.0%, respectively. The total protein expressed by the cells in contact with VIT and UBP was lower than TCMTA and DMEM (Mann-Whitney, P < 0.05). When in contact with the 7-day extract, TCMTA, VIT, and UBP decreased the metabolic activity by 45.9%, 77.1% and 64.4%, respectively. All the liners expressed statistically lower amounts of proteins when compared to the control. A reduction in the number of cells was observed for all liners. The remaining cells from TCMTA group resembled those from the control group while for VIT and UBP the cells presented significant morphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatrics Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo State, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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de Souza Costa CA, Duarte PT, de Souza PPC, Giro EMA, Hebling J. Cytotoxic effects and pulpal response caused by a mineral trioxide aggregate formulation and calcium hydroxide. Am J Dent 2008; 21:255-261. [PMID: 18795523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo pulpal response after pulpotomy with different capping agents. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic effects of both materials were assessed by applying them on culture of pulp cells. METHODS For the in vivo test, the coronal pulp of 28 teeth of dogs was mechanically removed and the root pulps were capped with the following dental materials: Group 1: Pro-Root MTA (PRMTA); and Group 2 (control): calcium hydroxide saline paste (CH). After 60 days, the animals were sacrificed and the teeth processed for histological analysis. In the in vitro test, experimental extracts obtained from both capping agents were applied on the cultured MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. RESULTS In the root pulps capped with PRMTA or CH, coagulation necrosis partially replaced by dystrophic calcification as well as tubular dentin matrix laid down by elongated pulp cells was observed. None or mild inflammatory response occurred beneath the capped pulpal wound. Regarding the pulpal response, PRMTA and CH presented no statistical difference. However, the teeth capped CH presented greater healthy pulp loss which resulted in convex shape of the hard barrier than PRMTA. When applied on the cultured cells, it was demonstrated that PRMTA and CH solutions decreased the cell metabolic activity by 9.9% and 29.4%, respectively. CH caused higher cytotoxic effects to the MDPC-23 cells as well as deeper healthy pulp tissue loss than PRMTA. However, similar sequence of healing occurred after pulpotomy with both dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, University of São Paulo State/UNESP, Rua Humaitá, 1680, CEP: 14.801-903, CP: 331 - Centro, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Jiang HW, Ling JQ, Zeng JF. [Effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide on mineralized matrix formation in vitro differentiation human dental pulp cell]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2008; 43:429-430. [PMID: 19031822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of Escherichia coli (Ec) LPS on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and osteocalcin (OCN) genes in vitro differentiation human dental pulp cell. METHODS Odontoblast-like cells were cultured, cells exposed to Ec LPS for 12 h, total RNA was isolated and DSPP, OCN transcripts were examined by real-time RT-PCR. ALP kit were used to assessed the changes of ALP activity. RESULTS Real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that Ec LPS induced about a 3.6-fold decrease for DSPP gene and a 1.6-fold decrease for OCN gene in odontoblast-like cells as compared with controls. At the same time, cells treated with LPS could depress ALP activity from (1156.10 +/- 100.60) pmol x h(-1) x ng(-1) down to (884.80 +/- 26.72) pmol x h(-1) x ng(-1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that exposure of odontoblast-like cells to LPS can alter cells function by downregulating cell markers of odontoblastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
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