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Dos Santos Freire FM, Marques LC, da Silva NC, Cunha KS, Conde DC, Milagres A, Gonçalves LS, Junior AS. Oral candidiasis in patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit: Diagnosis through clinical and cytopathological examinations. Cytopathology 2023; 34:353-360. [PMID: 37114365 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and clinical aspects of oral candidiasis in patients hospitalised in the intensive care unit. METHODS This is a longitudinal and prospective study that included 48 participants hospitalised in the intensive care unit. Sociodemographic data, presence of systemic disorders, use of medications, laboratory tests, cause of hospital admission, type of breathing, and length of hospital stay were obtained from medical records. Oral clinical inspection and cytopathological examinations were performed on all participants. The diagnosis of clinical candidiasis was based on the presence of clinical alterations together with positive cytopathological examination results. The diagnosis of subclinical candidiasis was based on the absence of clinical lesions and a positive cytopathological examination. The absence of oral candidiasis was considered when the participant did not present oral lesions and had a negative cytopathological examination. RESULTS Clinical candidiasis was present in 18.8% of the 48 participants, and 45.8% of them had the subclinical form. Levels of urea (P = 0.005), creatinine (P = 0.009), haemoglobin (P = 0.009), haematocrit (P = 0.011), bands (P = 0.024), international normalised ratio (INR; P = 0.034), types of breathing (P = 0.017), length of hospital stay (P = 0.037), and outcome (P = 0.014) demonstrated statistically significant differences between the groups with and without oral candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical and subclinical forms of oral candidiasis are frequent in intensive care unit patients. Levels of urea, creatinine, haemoglobin, haematocrit, bands, INR, type of breathing, length of hospital stay, and outcome can be associated with the presence of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Côgo Marques
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Natasha Camargo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Karin Soares Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Danielle Castex Conde
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adrianna Milagres
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arley Silva Junior
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
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2
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Block C, König HH, Hajek A. Oral health and quality of life: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:606. [PMID: 36517821 PMCID: PMC9753255 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to clarify the link between oral health and quality of life among older adults in Europe. METHODS Cross-sectional data from wave 5 (n = 59,048 observations) were used from the representative Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Oral health was quantified by three questions: presence of all natural teeth (yes; no); among individuals with missing natural teeth, the number of missing teeth and the extent of replaced natural teeth were quantified. Quality of life was quantified using the widely used CASP-12. Multiple linear regressions were used to determine the association between oral health and quality of life, adjusting for various potential confounders. RESULTS Multiple linear regressions showed that higher quality of life was associated with (1) the presence of all natural teeth and among individuals with missing natural teeth, with (2) a lower number of missing natural teeth and (3) completely replaced natural teeth. Additionally, quality of life was positively associated with younger age, being female, being married or in a partnership, higher income, higher educational level, not currently smoking, a lower number of functional impairments, better self-rated health, a lower number of depressive symptoms and a lower number of chronic diseases. CONCLUSION Study findings showed an association between oral health and quality of life among older adults in Europe. Thus, the importance of good oral health for successful ageing was stressed. Future research is required to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, longitudinal studies are required to confirm our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Block
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Venkat M, Janakiram C, Ramanarayanan V. Prevalence of Tooth Mortality among Adults in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:339-345. [PMID: 35068831 PMCID: PMC8740801 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_787_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss remains a significant deterrent to oral health and adversely affects the dietary intake and nutritional status of individuals compromising their general health. It is a debilitating and irreversible condition and is considered as the “final marker of disease burden for oral health.” The prevalence of tooth mortality and its causes has been studied for many years through point prevalence studies; however, there is a need to generate a national representative data. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature measuring the prevalence of tooth mortality in India. We searched the following databases for studies that had assessed the prevalence of tooth mortality in India: PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, and Scopus. This yielded 36 studies, of which 16 eligible cross-sectional studies assessing the prevalence among those 18 years and above were included. Meta-analyses using the random-effects model were conducted for tooth mortality outcomes which stratified for different covariates such as age groups, gender, geographic region, population group, type of index, and reason for loss using MetaXL Version 5.3 Software, Netherlands developed by Dr Jan J Barendregt. Pooled prevalence was used to estimate the overall effect, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 13,662 adults participated in the 16 studies. We found that the overall prevalence of complete tooth mortality (loss of 32 teeth) was 10.7% (95% CI: 10.2%–11.2%, 16 studies, n = 2249) and partial tooth mortality (having one or more teeth) was 58.8% (95% CI: 57.9%–59.6%, 16 studies, n = 7526). Rural area adults showed twice 61% (60.5%, 95% CI: 58.9–62.1, 7 studies) than urban adults. Females had higher partial tooth mortality (48.2%%), whereas males higher complete tooth mortality (20.2%). There was higher methodological heterogeneity of included studies. Nearly 35% of adults have complete or partial tooth mortality. Greater tooth mortality indicates the burden of the prosthetic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga Venkat
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrashekar Janakiram
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India
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4
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Lee E, Badger C, Thakkar PG. Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Systemic Illness. Med Clin North Am 2021; 105:871-883. [PMID: 34391540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ear-nose-throat (ENT) manifestations are among the most frequently observed clinical features of systemic illnesses. The patients often present with overt findings of head and neck lesions such as salivary gland swelling or lymphadenopathy. In contrast, patients may present with covert findings of auditory, nasal, and laryngeal symptoms that are less obvious and are often overlooked. Therefore, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion to identify the underlying disease. Early recognition and prompt treatment or referral to specialists may prevent morbidity and mortality. This article discusses various systemic illnesses with ENT manifestations that are commonly encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 M Street Northwest 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
| | - Christopher Badger
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 M Street Northwest 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Punam G Thakkar
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 2300 M Street Northwest 4th Floor, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Batra P, Saini P, Yadav V. Oral health concerns in India. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:171-174. [PMID: 32489817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral health is an integral part of general health. There are many oral health issues which are of concern to India, despite having the maximum number of dental schools in the world. Dental caries, oral cancers and periodontal diseases are areas of national oral health concern. India lacks baseline data to know the exact prevalence of oral diseases, which is the first requirement to frame any national policies or manpower allocation. India is a vast country, nations within a nation, with great diversity in eating and behavioural practices. With a population of 1.21 billion and 68.84% of population residing in villages, the strategies need to be customised based on the population subgroup. Low level of awareness, strained and skewed infrastructure and resources, lack of motivation and research and oral health policies are some major factors that need to be tackled. This paper would attempt to highlight the oral health concerns of India, lacunae in the current system and possible strategies to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Batra
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratap Saini
- Department of Dental Surgery, Indra Gandhi ESIC Hospital, Jhilmil, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CDER, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Shintani T, Fujii T, Yamasaki N, Kitagawa M, Iwata T, Saito S, Okada M, Ogawa I, Unei H, Hamamoto K, Nakaoka M, Kurihara H, Shiba H. Oral environment and taste function of Japanese HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Care 2019; 32:829-834. [PMID: 31426660 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1656327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral environment and the taste function of Japanese HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy. Their median age of 73 patients taking anti-HIV drugs was 46 years. The median period of taking anti-HIV drugs was 30 months. The oral condition was evaluated by measurement of oral moisture, amount of saliva secretion, the number of oral bacteria, presence of oral candida, a taste test, and the number of missing teeth. The levels of oral moisture and secreted saliva were significantly lower in the HIV-infected group than in the healthy volunteer (control) group. The HIV-infected group showed a more robust decrease in taste sensation than the control group. The number of missing teeth was significantly higher in the HIV-infected group than in the control group. Furthermore, all of the evaluated oral conditions were worse in the HIV-infected patients whose CD4+ T lymphocyte counts were less than 500/mm3 than in the control group. It became clear that the patients taking anti-HIV drugs, especially the CD4+ count < 500/mm3 group, had a deteriorated oral environment and dysgeusia, suggesting that the management of oral hygiene is necessary to maintain oral health, which leads to systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shintani
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,AIDS Care Unit, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Yamasaki
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,AIDS Care Unit, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Kitagawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Saito
- Division of Blood Transfusion, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,AIDS Care Unit, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Okada
- Division of Dental Hygiene, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - I Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Unei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Hamamoto
- AIDS Care Unit, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - M Nakaoka
- Division of Dental Hygiene, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Kurihara
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - H Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Alhajj MN, Halboub E, Amran AG, Alkheraif AA, Al-Sanabani FA, Al-Makramani BM, Al-Basmi AA, Al-Ghabri FA. Link between perceived oral and general health status among Yemeni adult dental patients. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31138198 PMCID: PMC6540451 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perceived health is an essential measure of health status and even a paramount predictor of mortality. So long as it is said that oral health (OH) and general health (GH) are mirrors to each other. This study sought to determine how Yemeni adults rate their OH and GH, whether such a self-rating influenced by some potential risk factors, and whether both ratings (OH and GH) are correlated. METHODS A sample of 587 Yemeni dental patients aged 20 years and over were consecutively recruited. A structured interview form was used covering the following variables: age, gender, marital status, educational level, presence of dental prosthesis (DP), smoking and Qat chewing habits as independent variables, along with questions on "perceived oral health (POH)" and "perceived general health (PGH)" as dependent variables. The bivariate and multiple ordinal regression analyses were applied at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS Most of participants were women (73.6%), and married (71.4%), and more than half of them were young adults (58.2%), with high educational levels (53.3%), and not having DP. Only 310 participants responded to the questions on smoking and Qat chewing habits. Of these, 88.5% were non-smokers and 62.1% were Qat non-chewers. Up to 50% of the participants reported their POH as poor or fair, while lower proportions of participants (17%) reported their PGH as such. Younger age (compared to elders), high education levels (compared to primary education) and being single (compared to married) significantly revealed better levels of POH, while high education levels and being females significantly revealed better levels of PGH. Smoking and Qat chewing habits were found to have no effect on the perception of POH or PGH. POH and PGH were found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.486; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Higher levels of oral health problems can be anticipated among patients who perceive poor general health, and vice versa. The age, marital status and education were independent determinants of POH, while the gender and education were independent determinants of PGH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Amran
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdulaziz A Alkheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad A Al-Sanabani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan university, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar M Al-Makramani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan university, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz A Al-Ghabri
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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8
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Sadeghipour M, Khoshnevisan MH, Jafari A, Shariatpanahi SP. Friendship Network and Dental Brushing Behavior among Middle School Students: An Agent Based Modeling Approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169236. [PMID: 28103260 PMCID: PMC5245796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
By using a standard questionnaire, the level of dental brushing frequency was assessed among 201 adolescent female middle school students in Tehran. The initial assessment was repeated after 5 months, in order to observe the dynamics in dental health behavior level. Logistic Regression model was used to evaluate the correlation among individuals' dental health behavior in their social network. A significant correlation on dental brushing habits was detected among groups of friends. This correlation was further spread over the network within the 5 months period. Moreover, it was identified that the average brushing level was improved within the 5 months period. Given that there was a significant correlation between social network's nodes' in-degree value, and brushing level, it was suggested that the observed improvement was partially due to more popularity of individuals with better tooth brushing habit. Agent Based Modeling (ABM) was used to demonstrate the dynamics of dental brushing frequency within a sample of friendship network. Two models with static and dynamic assumptions for the network structure were proposed. The model with dynamic network structure successfully described the dynamics of dental health behavior. Based on this model, on average, every 43 weeks a student changes her brushing habit due to learning from her friends. Finally, three training scenarios were tested by these models in order to evaluate their effectiveness. When training more popular students, considerable improvement in total students' brushing frequency was demonstrated by simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadeghipour
- Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khoshnevisan
- Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Jafari
- Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Merdad L, El-Housseiny AA. Do children's previous dental experience and fear affect their perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL)? BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:47. [PMID: 28093086 PMCID: PMC5240375 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has been used to describe the consequences of oral health conditions and treatments in children. A better understanding of OHRQoL and its relationship with dental fear and previous dental experience is necessary to improve children’s oral health status. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dental history and experience with dental fear and the OHRQoL of children aged 11 to 14 years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage stratified sample of 1,312 middle school children. Information regarding OHRQoL was collected from the children using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11–14), and information regarding dental fear was collected using the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Information on past dental experiences and sociodemographic data were collected from the parents using self-administered questionnaires. Dental examinations were performed to assess caries experience. Results The multivariable model indicated that dental fear was the strongest predictor of OHRQoL as the fearful children had on average CPQ11–14 scores that were 10 units higher than those of the non-fearful children. Regarding past dental experience, pain as the reason for the most recent dental visit was associated with poor OHRQoL, while receiving a filling during the previous dental visits was significantly associated with better OHRQoL. In addition, a larger number of siblings, a lower family income, a lower paternal education level, health problems and prior hospitalization were significantly associated with poor OHRQoL. Conclusion This study identified that dental fear and some factors related to previous dental experience are associated with OHRQoL. In dental practice, children with dental fear should be identified, guided and treated early to avoid deterioration of their OHRQoL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0338-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Merdad
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza A El-Housseiny
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Petersen PE. Policy for Prevention of Oral Manifestations in HIV/AIDS: The Approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Program. Adv Dent Res 2016; 19:17-20. [PMID: 16672544 DOI: 10.1177/154407370601900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The HIV/AIDS pandemic has become a human and social disaster, particularly affecting the developing countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. By the end of 2004, about 40 million people were estimated to be infected by HIV globally. The health sectors in many affected countries are facing severe shortages of human and financial resources, and are struggling to cope with the growing impact of HIV/AIDS. In most developed countries, the availability of antiretroviral treatment has resulted in a dramatic reduction in HIV/AIDS-related mortality and morbidity. In contrast, in the developing countries, there is little access to treatment, and access to HIV-prevention services is poor. The ’3 by 5′ initiative was launched by the WHO and UNAIDS in 2003 with the aim of providing antiretrovirals to three million people in developing countries by the year 2005. HIV infection has a significant negative impact on oral health, with approximately 40–50% of HIV-positive persons developing oral fungal, bacterial, or viral infections early in the course of the disease. Oral health services and professionals can contribute effectively to the control of HIV/AIDS through health education and health promotion, patient care, effective infection control, and surveillance. The WHO Global Oral Health Program has strengthened its work for prevention of HIV/AIDS-related oral disease. The WHO co-sponsored conference, Oral Health and Disease in AIDS, held in Phuket, Thailand (2004), issued a declaration calling for action by national and international health authorities. The aim is to strengthen oral health promotion and the care of HIV-infected persons, and to encourage research on the impact that HIV/AIDS, public health initiatives, and surveillance have on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-E Petersen
- WHO Global Oral Health Program, Department for Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
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11
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Capacity of dermatologists to diagnose oral and perioral lesions compared with orthodontists, primary care physicians, and pediatricians. Am J Dermatopathol 2014; 36:952-8. [PMID: 25014104 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral pathology is an interdisciplinary field of unclear boundaries. Only a few studies have been previously published comparing the diagnostic capacity among different specialists taking care of the disorders involving oral mucosa and perioral skin. The goal of this study was to assess the capacity for diagnosing dermatologic conditions involving the oral mucosa and perioral skin in children and adults among orthodontists, dermatologists, and primary care physicians. Samples of orthodontists (n = 118), dermatologists (n = 100), pediatricians (n = 75), and family doctors (n = 68) were selected for the study. Two tests of 30 color clinical photographs each were prepared, one containing oral lesions in children and other one in adults. Statistical and comparative analyses of correct and incorrect answers were performed in each group and subgroup of participants. Dermatologists were clearly better trained than other specialists in oral and perioral pathology. This advantage over their counterparts in other specialties was seen in both residents and board-certified dermatologists. Though by small margin, orthodontists showed better performance than pediatricians and family doctors. Dermatologists showed higher capacity to achieve the right diagnosis in common oral and perioral disorders than orthodontists, pediatricians, and family doctors.
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12
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TINÓS AMFG, SALES-PERES SHDC. Xerostomia related to HIV infection /AIDS: a critical review. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/rou.2014.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The presence of oral manifestations in HIV positive individuals is quite common. Xerostomia appears as one of the most frequent problems and may lead to a reduction in the quality of life of this population. Objective: This study was a critical review of the relationship between xerostomia and HIV infection, to attract the attention of dentists on the importance of dental care to these patients. Material and method: We included articles published between 2000 and 2009, indexed in PUBMED database. The descriptors used were "HIV" and "xerostomia", the exclusion criteria adopted were: the absence of these descriptors associated, non-location of the full-text, articles based on case studies or case series and the absence of the abstract in the database. Result: Based on studies in the review, it can be said that the xerostomia is a common manifestation of HIV infection, predisposing the patient to several other oral problems. Among the risk factors for its occurrence it was reported: low counts of CD4+ T cells, high plasma viral load, the use of some medications and antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: The HIV/AIDS can change the salivary glands, and were considered important risk factors for the occurrence of xerostomia the presence of didanosine and the drug class which corresponds to protease inhibitors in antiretroviral therapy.
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13
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Liberali SA, Coates EA, Freeman AD, Logan RM, Jamieson L, Mejia G. Oral conditions and their social impact among HIV dental patients, 18 years on. Aust Dent J 2013; 58:18-25. [PMID: 23441788 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A study undertaken in 1992-1993 identified that HIV-infected dental patients were substantially disadvantaged with regard to the social impact of their oral disease. The oral pain experienced by HIV-positive patients prior to the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) was attributable to specific features of HIV-related periodontal disease and other oral manifestations of HIV such as candida infections and xerostomia. A repeat of this study in 2009-2010 provided additional information in the post-cART era. METHODS Data were collected from three sources: the 2009-2010 HIV-positive sample, the National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) and the original 1992-1993 study. Collation of data was by clinical and radiographic oral examination. Information about the social impact of oral conditions was obtained from the Oral Health Impact Profile. RESULTS The caries experience of the 2009-2010 HIV-positive sample was improved with statistical significance for both mean DMFT and mean DT, while the presence of HIV-related periodontal disease still occurs. Statistically significant improvements were achieved for prevalence and severity of oral health related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS The need for timely access to oral health care with a focus on prevention is essential for HIV-positive individuals whose health is impacted by chronic disease, smoking and salivary hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Liberali
- Special Needs Unit, Adelaide Dental Hospital, South Australian Dental Service, South Australia.
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lacovou E, Vlastarakos PV, Papacharalampous G, Kampessis G, Nikolopoulos TP. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated manifestations in otolaryngology. Infect Dis Rep 2012; 4:e9. [PMID: 24470939 PMCID: PMC3892662 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2012.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 30 years after its first description, HIV still remains a global pandemic. The present paper aims to review the current knowledge on the ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations of HIV infection, and present the available diagnostic and treatment options. A literature review was conducted in Medline and other available database sources. Information from related books was also included in the data analysis. It is well acknowledged that up to 80% of HIV-infected patients eventually develop ENT manifestations; among which, oral disease appears to be the most common. Oro-pharyngeal manifestations include candidiasis, periodontal and gingival disease, HSV and HPV infection, oral hairy leucoplakia, Kaposi's sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ENT manifestations in the neck can present as cervical lymphadenopathy or parotid gland enlargement. Respective nasal manifestations include sinusitis (often due to atypical bacteria), and allergic rhinitis. Finally, otological manifestations include otitis (externa, or media), inner ear involvement (sensorineural hearing loss, disequilibrium), and facial nerve palsy (up to 100 times more frequently compared to the general population). Although ENT symptoms are not diagnostic of the disease, they might be suggestive of HIV infection, or related to its progression and the respective treatment failure. ENT doctors should be aware of the ENT manifestations associated with HIV disease, and the respective diagnosis and treatment. A multi-disciplinary approach may be required to provide the appropriate level of care to HIV patients.
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Abdelghany A, Nolan A, Freeman R. Treating patients with dry mouth: general dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and clinical management. Br Dent J 2011; 211:E21. [PMID: 22116254 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess primary care dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and clinical management of patients presenting with dry mouth. METHOD A convenience sample of 200 dentists working in primary care in an NHS Health Board in Scotland was obtained. A questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes and clinical management of dry mouth patients was sent to all dentists on the NHS primary care service inventory. Ethical approval was obtained. RESULTS Two hundred questionnaires were sent to the participants and 114 were returned, giving a valid response rate of 58%. Fifty percent were woman and 80% worked in the general dental service. Seventy-nine percent had been taught about xerostomia as undergraduates but only 21% had postgraduate educational experiences of dry mouth. The majority correctly stated that patients with Sjögren's syndrome would have an increased risk of dental caries, oral candidosis, frictional oral ulcers and squamous cell carcinoma. Participants had positive attitudes with regard to the importance of treating dry mouth; that it was not a trivial complaint; it affected patients' quality of life and their general health. The dentists were not confident to manage dry mouth patients. Knowledge, attitudes, confidence and intention to treat were affected by gender and type of primary care practice. Thirty-two percent of the variance of the intention to provide treatment was explained by working in the salaried dental service (SDS), confidence and attitudes regarding severity of the condition. CONCLUSIONS Dentists working in the SDS had positive attitudes and increased confidence which were related to postgraduate educational experiences. Education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels should be supported by clinical exposure to patients in order to improve dentists' confidence and competence to manage xerostomia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abdelghany
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Mackenzie Building, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, DD2 4BF
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DeWitte SN, Bekvalac J. The association between periodontal disease and periosteal lesions in the St. Mary Graces cemetery, London, England A.D. 1350-1538. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:609-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comparison of patients' and providers' severity evaluation of oral mucosal conditions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sushanth VH, Krishna M, Suresh Babu AM, Prashant GM, Chandu GN. A peer group approach model of oral health promotion among orphans at Puduchery, South India. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2011; 1:71-5. [PMID: 24478958 PMCID: PMC3894071 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.97710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between oral and systemic health are bi-directional and complex, involving many pathways. The orphans have been sympathized with, ignored, vitrified or even hidden away in the community. Hence, providing health care services for orphans remains a challenge. Oral health education has a positive impact in lowering plaque and gingivitis scores in health educational programs. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of peer group health promotion model among 11 to 16 year old orphans at Puduchery, South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A clinical trial of 6 months duration was carried out among 72 orphans with age ranging from 11 to 16 years residing in Cluny Padmini Sneha Illam, at Puduchery, India. The baseline data regarding oral health and oral hygiene practices were obtained using a pre-tested close-ended questionnaire. Oral health education was provided to 4 randomly picked children who in turn provided the same to their peer group orphans, supervised by the investigator. Tooth brushes and fluoridated tooth pastes were provided to all the participants throughout the study period. Oral hygiene of the participants was assessed using Modified Plaque Index by Loe H and Gingival Index by Loe H and Silness at baseline, 3(rd) and 6(th) month interval. Paired Student t test was used to analyze the categorical data. RESULTS Majority of the respondents felt consuming sugar was not harmful for dental health, while 15 respondents were not sure about the outcome. When asked if oral hygiene was important for general health, 45.8% were not aware of its association. Although all the participants brushed their teeth daily, none of them reported the use of dental floss. The findings of this study indicated a statisticallysignificant lower mean plaque score of 0.54 ± 0.20 at 6(th) month when compared to the baseline score of 1.76 ± 0.24. Similarly, statistically significant lower gingival index score of 0.65 ± 0.11 at 6(th) month was observed when compared to the baseline score of 1.76 ± 0.24. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that oral hygiene of orphans was improved using a peer group approach model of oral health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Sushanth
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - M Krishna
- Department of Community Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - A M Suresh Babu
- Department of Community Dentistry, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, India
| | - G M Prashant
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G N Chandu
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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DeWitte SN, Bekvalac J. Oral health and frailty in the medieval English cemetery of St Mary Graces. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:341-54. [PMID: 19927365 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of oral pathologies is routinely a part of bioarcheological and paleopathological investigations. Oral health, while certainly interesting by itself, is also potentially informative about general or systemic health. Numerous studies within modern populations have shown associations between oral pathologies and other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and pulmonary infections. This article addresses the question of how oral health was associated with general health in past populations by examining the relationship between two oral pathologies (periodontal disease and dental caries) and the risk of mortality in a cemetery sample from medieval England. The effects of periodontitis and dental caries on risk of death were assessed using a sample of 190 individuals from the St Mary Graces cemetery, London, dating to approximately AD 1350-1538. The results suggest that the oral pathologies are associated with elevated risks of mortality in the St Mary Graces cemetery such that individuals with periodontitis and dental caries were more likely to die than their peers without such pathologies. The results shown here suggest that these oral pathologies can be used as informative indicators of general health in past populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon N DeWitte
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
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JEGANATHAN S, PURNOMO J, HOUTZAGER L, BATTERHAM M, BEGLEY K. Development and validation of a three-item questionnaire for dietitians to screen for poor oral health in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and facilitate dental referral. Nutr Diet 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2010.01452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Many patients requiring surgery possess poor oral health. The presence of decayed teeth and periodontitis represent potentially potent causes of odontogenic infection that could significantly compromise the surgical outcome. Geriatric patients presenting for surgery who have not had a dental examination for years may be harboring an undetected oral infection. In the perioperative period, the harmful effects of such an infection are amplified in terms of treatment and expenses. This article will elaborate on the association between oral health and systemic disease, present unique intraoral characteristics of elderly patients, and emphasize the importance of obtaining a dental evaluation and treating any acute oral infection before surgery. Augmenting the awareness of the perioperative dental considerations in the geriatric population can lead to the implementation of effective and preventive measures that can contain costs and achieve optimal patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Yasny
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Yasny J. The Importance of Oral Health for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Patients. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 14:38-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253210362272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cardiothoracic or vascular surgery, a patient's oral health is not usually a high priority for the surgical team. Yet, oral neglect often mirrors systemic disease and the need for proper dental care is often unmet. In the perioperative period, the presence of untreated decayed teeth and periodontal disease can result in a potent odontogenic infection with significant consequences. Patients can unknowingly present for such operations with undetected oral infections that can magnify the likelihood of an adverse outcome, increase costs, morbidity, and possibly mortality. Considering scheduling constraints and the urgency of the procedure, a pre-operative dental screening is suggested for patients who undergo elective cardiothoracic or vascular surgery, to ensure that any oral infection is diagnosed and definitively treated. Implementing such an effective and preventive approach can improve surgical outcome and overall patient health.
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HIV infection and tooth loss. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Farsi NMA. Signs of oral dryness in relation to salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and dry mouth complaints. BMC Oral Health 2007; 7:15. [PMID: 17996105 PMCID: PMC2206008 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the signs of oral dryness in relation to different salivary variables and to correlate subjective complaints of oral dryness with salivary flow rate. Methods 312 unmedicated healthy individuals belonging to three age groups, (6–11, 12–17, and 18–40 years) were examined clinically for signs of oral dryness. Resting and stimulated saliva were collected to determine flow rate, pH and buffering capacity. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on subjective sensation of dry mouth. Results Dry lip and dry mucosa were present in 37.5% and 3.2% of the sample respectively. The proportion of subjects who complained of oral dryness (19%) showed a stimulated salivary flow rate significantly lower than non complainers. Dry lip was significantly related to low resting flow rate but pH and buffering capacity did not show any significant relation to dry lip. Dry mucosa was not related to any of the above mentioned parameters. Conclusion The finding that the stimulated salivary flow rate was reduced in subjects complaining of dry mouth is of great clinical relevance, since the reduction is expected to be reflected in compromising various salivary functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat M A Farsi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80209, Jeddah 21089, Saudi Arabia.
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Yasny JS, Silvay G. The Value of Optimizing Dentition Before Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007; 21:587-91. [PMID: 17678794 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Yasny
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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