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Vanbilsen N, Kotz SA, Rosso M, Leman M, Triccas LT, Feys P, Moumdjian L. Auditory attention measured by EEG in neurological populations: systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21064. [PMID: 38030693 PMCID: PMC10687139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensorimotor synchronization strategies have been frequently used for gait rehabilitation in different neurological populations. Despite these positive effects on gait, attentional processes required to dynamically attend to the auditory stimuli needs elaboration. Here, we investigate auditory attention in neurological populations compared to healthy controls quantified by EEG recordings. Literature was systematically searched in databases PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were investigation of auditory attention quantified by EEG recordings in neurological populations in cross-sectional studies. In total, 35 studies were included, including participants with Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). A meta-analysis was performed on P3 amplitude and latency separately to look at the differences between neurological populations and healthy controls in terms of P3 amplitude and latency. Overall, neurological populations showed impairments in auditory processing in terms of magnitude and delay compared to healthy controls. Consideration of individual auditory processes and thereafter selecting and/or designing the auditory structure during sensorimotor synchronization paradigms in neurological physical rehabilitation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Vanbilsen
- Universitair Multiple Sclerosis Centrum (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium.
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mattia Rosso
- Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, University of Ghent, Miriam Makebaplein 1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- Université de Lille, ULR 4072 - PSITEC - Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Marc Leman
- Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, University of Ghent, Miriam Makebaplein 1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Tedesco Triccas
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Movement and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, 33 Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Peter Feys
- Universitair Multiple Sclerosis Centrum (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lousin Moumdjian
- Universitair Multiple Sclerosis Centrum (UMSC), Hasselt-Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Hasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, University of Ghent, Miriam Makebaplein 1, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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Raglio A, De Maria B, Parati M, Giglietti A, Premoli S, Salvaderi S, Molteni D, Ferrante S, Dalla Vecchia LA. Movement Sonification Techniques to Improve Balance in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1586. [PMID: 38002546 PMCID: PMC10670131 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement sonification has been recently introduced into the field of neuromotor rehabilitation alongside Neurologic Music Therapy and music-based interventions. This study introduces the use of musical auditory cues encompassing the melodic-harmonic aspect of music. METHODS Nineteen patients with Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 9) groups and underwent thrice-weekly sessions of the same gait training program, with or without sonification. Functional and motor parameters, as well as fatigue, quality of life, and the impact of intervention on patients' well-being, were assessed at baseline (PRE), the end of treatment (POST), and at follow-up (FU). Between-group differences were assessed for each outcome measure using linear mixed-effects models. The outcome measure was entered as the dependent variable, group and time as fixed effects, and time by group as the interaction effect. RESULTS Mini BESTest and Dynamic Gait Index scores significantly improved in the experimental group (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) from PRE to FU, demonstrating a significant impact of the sonification treatment on balance. No other significant differences were observed in the outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effectiveness of sonification approaches in Parkinson's disease, as well as in other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Raglio
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Beatrice De Maria
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.A.D.V.)
| | - Monica Parati
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.D.M.); (M.P.); (L.A.D.V.)
| | - Andrea Giglietti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20851 Lissone, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Premoli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20851 Lissone, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefano Salvaderi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 20851 Lissone, Italy; (A.G.); (S.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniele Molteni
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Simona Ferrante
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Weigel M, Hutchinson B, Magee WL, Leong K, Sweitzer T, Weiss JL, Su W, Fleming R. Orchestrating a New Path for Multiple Sclerosis: Achieving Physical, Cognitive, and Emotional Rehabilitation Goals Through Physical and Music Therapy. Int J MS Care 2023; 25:168-175. [PMID: 37469330 PMCID: PMC10353696 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2021-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdisciplinary therapies for the management of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are underappreciated. There is an urgent need to introduce music therapy (MT), either alone or in combination with physical therapy (PT), into clinical practice to achieve synergy with disease-modifying therapies. A holistic approach to rehabilitation for people with MS may mitigate symptoms and reduce polypharmacy, potentially lowering health care costs. RESULTS As MS progresses, patients experience a range of worsening symptoms, and many develop psychosocial comorbidities. As disease-modifying therapies delay disability progression, nonpharmacologic treatments become increasingly important. The main aim of PT is to improve or maintain patients' functional mobility, strength, and flexibility. Because it targets multiple functions, MT can help improve functional and psychosocial domains and may be a valuable intervention to help patients achieve the physical, cognitive, and emotional goals of PT. Exploratory studies showed that MT, alone or in combination with PT, can lead to functional improvements in mobility, balance, gait, and fatigue. Similar to PT, MT also has benefits in improving fine motor skills, cognition, learning, and memory and in providing emotional support. CONCLUSIONS Both MT and PT have the potential to improve overall well-being and health-related quality of life in physically active patients with MS, and MT can provide added emotional support for those who are less able to engage in physical activity. However, MT is not typically a part of standard of care, and PT visits are limited. Nevertheless, interdisciplinary therapies should be incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Weigel
- From First Coast Integrative Medicine, Jacksonville Beach, FL, USA (MW)
| | | | - Wendy L. Magee
- Boyer College of Music and Dance, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA (WLM)
| | | | | | - Jamie L. Weiss
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA (JLW, WS)
| | - Wendy Su
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA (JLW, WS)
| | - Renée Fleming
- John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Washington, DC, USA (RF)
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4
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Kong L, Zhang X, Meng L, Xue H, Zhou W, Meng X, Zhang Q, Shen J. Effects of music therapy intervention on gait disorders in persons with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of clinical trials. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 73:104629. [PMID: 36963169 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Music Therapy (MT) is a unique treatment method for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) that can accelerate their functional recovery. MT has been proven to adjust the gait performance of PwMS in a short period. Its therapeutic effects in gait disorders of PwMS for long-term intervention are also starting to draw interest, but it has yet to be investigated. AIM This review aimed to systematically examine the outcomes of PwMS with gait disorders after receiving MT intervention. METHODS A systematic review has been performed using several academic databases with keywords such as music therapy, multiple sclerosis, and gait. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022365668). RESULTS A total of 405 studies were initially identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, twelve studies were finally included. The results showed that all PwMS received MT intervention with different strategies, and ten studies confirmed that gait disorders of PwMS were effectively improved by MT intervention. CONCLUSION Most previous studies focused on the transient effects of MT on the gait performance of PwMS. This review bridges gaps in the long-term intervention of MT on gait disorders of PwMS and offers references for therapists to design treatment plans. According to this review, MT intervention has positive therapeutic effects on gait disorders in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Kong
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR. China
| | - Lingyue Meng
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China
| | - Hao Xue
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China
| | - Xin Meng
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Physical Education and Sports School, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, PR China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Shanghai Yongci Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, 201107, PR. China.
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Rosenberg MC, Slusarenko A, Cao K, Lucas McKay J, Emmery L, Kesar TM, Hackney ME. Motor and cognitive deficits limit the ability to flexibly modulate spatiotemporal gait features in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1040930. [PMID: 36968783 PMCID: PMC10032222 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dance-based therapies are an emerging form of movement therapy aiming to improve motor and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairments (MCIs). Despite the promising effects of dance-based therapies on function, it remains unclear how age-related declines in motor and cognitive function affect movement capacity and influence which movements and rhythms maximize dance therapy efficacy. Here, we evaluated the effects of age and MCI on the ability to accurately modulate spatial (i.e., joint kinematics), temporal (i.e., step timing), and spatiotemporal features of gait to achieve spatial and temporal targets during walking. Methods: We developed novel rhythmic movement sequences-nine spatial, nine temporal, and four spatiotemporal-that deviated from typical spatial and temporal features of walking. Healthy young adults (HYA), healthy older adults (HOA), and adults with MCI were trained on each gait modification before performing the modification overground, with kinematic data recorded using wearable sensors. Results: HOA performed spatial (p = 0.010) and spatiotemporal (p = 0.048) gait modifications less accurately than HYA. Individuals with MCI performed spatiotemporal gait modifications less accurately than HOA (p = 0.017). Spatial modifications to the swing phase of gait (p = 0.006, Cohen's d = -1.3), and four- and six-step Duple rhythms during temporal modifications (p ≤ 0.030, Cohen's d ≤ 0.9) elicited the largest differences in gait performance in HYA vs. HOA and HOA vs. MCI, respectively. Discussion: These findings suggest that age-related declines in strength and balance reduce the ability to accurately modulate spatial gait features, while declines in working memory in individuals with MCI may reduce the ability to perform longer temporal gait modification sequences. Differences in rhythmic movement sequence performance highlight motor and cognitive factors potentially underlying deficits in gait modulation capacity, which may guide therapy personalization and provide more sensitive indices to track intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Rosenberg
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University & Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Ke Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - J. Lucas McKay
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Laura Emmery
- Department of Music, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Trisha M. Kesar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Madeleine E. Hackney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory University School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Atlanta VA Center for Visual & Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Moumdjian L, Six J, Veldkamp R, Geys J, Van Der Linden C, Goetschalckx M, Van Nieuwenhoven J, Bosmans I, Leman M, Feys P. Embodied learning in multiple sclerosis using melodic, sound, and visual feedback: a potential rehabilitation approach. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1513:153-169. [PMID: 35437776 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of motor and cognitive functions in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), we proposed that the theoretical framework of embodiment could provide a rehabilitation avenue to train these functions as one functional unit. PwMS (n = 31) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 30) underwent an embodied learning protocol. This involved learning a cognitive sequence while performing it through bodily stepping movement under three feedback conditions (melody, sound, and visual). Cognitive and movement performance was assessed by a delayed recall 15 min after undergoing the embodied learning protocol. Half of participants correctly recalled the sequence in all three conditions, while 70% of healthy controls achieved correct recall within the melody condition. Balance impairment predicted the speed of executing the sequence irrespective of learning, most apparent in the melody condition. Information processing speed predicted the speed of executing the sequence in the melody and sound conditions between participants as well as over time. Those who learned performed the sequence faster in the melody condition only and overall were faster over time. We propose how embodied learning could expand the current context of rehabilitation of cognitive and motor control in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lousin Moumdjian
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,IPEM, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Department of Art History, Musicology and Theater Studies, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joren Six
- IPEM, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Department of Art History, Musicology and Theater Studies, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Renee Veldkamp
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jenke Geys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Channa Van Der Linden
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mieke Goetschalckx
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Bosmans
- Noorderhart Rehabilitation & MS Center, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM, Institute for Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Department of Art History, Musicology and Theater Studies, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Braun Janzen T, Koshimori Y, Richard NM, Thaut MH. Rhythm and Music-Based Interventions in Motor Rehabilitation: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:789467. [PMID: 35111007 PMCID: PMC8801707 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.789467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in basic and clinical neuroscience of music conducted over the past decades has begun to uncover music’s high potential as a tool for rehabilitation. Advances in our understanding of how music engages parallel brain networks underpinning sensory and motor processes, arousal, reward, and affective regulation, have laid a sound neuroscientific foundation for the development of theory-driven music interventions that have been systematically tested in clinical settings. Of particular significance in the context of motor rehabilitation is the notion that musical rhythms can entrain movement patterns in patients with movement-related disorders, serving as a continuous time reference that can help regulate movement timing and pace. To date, a significant number of clinical and experimental studies have tested the application of rhythm- and music-based interventions to improve motor functions following central nervous injury and/or degeneration. The goal of this review is to appraise the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of music and rhythm to modulate movement spatiotemporal patterns and restore motor function. By organizing and providing a critical appraisal of a large body of research, we hope to provide a revised framework for future research on the effectiveness of rhythm- and music-based interventions to restore and (re)train motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenille Braun Janzen
- Center of Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Yuko Koshimori
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole M. Richard
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Music, Belmont University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael H. Thaut
- Music and Health Science Research Collaboratory, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Michael H. Thaut,
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Moumdjian L, Moens B, Van Wijmeersh B, Leman M, Feys P. Application of step and beat alignment approaches and its effect on gait in progressive multiple sclerosis with severe cerebellar ataxia: A proof of concept case study. Mult Scler 2021; 28:492-495. [PMID: 34726562 DOI: 10.1177/13524585211054000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a case report of a progressive multiple sclerosis with cerebellar impairments, we reported that synchronisation of steps to beats was possible only at -12% of usual walking cadence during 1 minute of walking. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Here, we investigate the effect of synchronisation using two different alignment approaches on the patient's gait pattern over 2 minutes of walking, compared to walking in silence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This proof of concept showed that the adaptive approach was successful resulting in an improved gait pattern compared to the other conditions, providing preliminary evidence to support a full-scale intervention study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lousin Moumdjian
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium/IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Moens
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Wijmeersh
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium/REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium/Noorderhart Rehabilitation & MS Center, Pelt, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- UMSC Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium/REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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Effects of acoustically paced cadence modulation on impact forces in running. Gait Posture 2021; 90:234-238. [PMID: 34530309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing cadence in running has been advocated as a means to improve performance and reduce impact forces. Although acoustic pacing can be used for this purpose, it might by itself lead to an increased impact force, which would counteract the decrease in impact force that is being pursued by increasing the cadence with acoustic pacing and thus have a counterproductive effect. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the effects of acoustic pacing and cadence on peak impact force and loading rate during running? METHODS Unpublished data from a previous study, in which 16 participants ran on an instrumented treadmill with various forms of acoustic pacing, were analyzed to address the research question. Peak impact force and loading rate while running with and without pacing, at three different cadences were extracted from the ground reaction force data and compared statistically between these two main conditions. In addition, we compared step-based and stride-based pacing, and paced and unpaced steps within stride-based pacing conditions. RESULTS As expected, increasing the cadence was accompanied by a significant reduction in peak impact force and instantaneous vertical loading rate, whereas acoustic pacing had no significant effect on the impact forces compared to unpaced running with similar cadence, both before and after pacing. There were also no significant differences in this regard between step-based and stride-based pacing. SIGNIFICANCE Acoustic pacing does not adversely affect impact force when used to increase cadence in running with the aim of reducing the impact force and can thus be used for this purpose without introducing a counterproductive effect.
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Cognitive fatigue interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 55:103213. [PMID: 34416644 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be categorized as physical or cognitive fatigue. The existing body of literature mostly focuses on physical fatigue in MS and there is limited research on cognitive fatigue and interventions to effectively manage cognitive fatigue in this cohort. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to identify and summarize available research literature about different types of interventions to manage cognitive fatigue to provide a comprehensive perspective on treatment options. METHODS The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews methodology was used. Searches were conducted in May 2021 in the following databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, Embase via Ovid, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed journal articles written in English or French that included an intervention to manage MS cognitive fatigue. Search keywords included multiple sclerosis, cognitive fatigue, and intervention. All retrieved citations' titles and abstracts were screened, and eligible articles were fully reviewed by two reviewers. The included studies were categorized based on the type of intervention, and effect size were calculated to estimate the effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS Of 653 retrieved citations, 34 were retained for this review. Participants of the included studies were mostly middle-aged adults with relapsing-remitting MS, without severe mobility issues, who were living with MS for about 10 years on average. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials (n = 17), followed by pilot and feasibility trials (n = 4), case-control (n = 2), and other experimental designs (n = 11). The interventions were categorized as educational programs (such as self-management programs, diet, and counselling) (n = 18), medical and pharmacological (such as monoaminergic stabilizers, natalizumab, and dalfampridine) (n = 6), and exercise and physical interventions (such as resistance training, aquatic exercise, and walking) (n = 10). Of the included interventions, fatigue self-management interventions that incorporate educational materials and involve trained facilitators seem to be optimal for reducing the negative effects of cognitive fatigue. CONCLUSION This review identified a variety of interventions for MS cognitive fatigue management. However, there is not sufficient evidence leading to a clear recommendation about appropriate and effective approaches for cognitive fatigue management. More research in this field is needed.
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Agostini F, Pezzi L, Paoloni M, Insabella R, Attanasi C, Bernetti A, Saggini R, Mangone M, Paolucci T. Motor Imagery: A Resource in the Fatigue Rehabilitation for Return-to-Work in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-A Mini Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:696276. [PMID: 34290665 PMCID: PMC8287528 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.696276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a multidimensional symptom with both physical and cognitive aspects, which can affect the quality of daily and working life activities. Motor Imagery (MI) represents an important resource for use during the rehabilitation processes, useful, among others, for job integration/reintegration, of neurological pathologies, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). To define the effective rehabilitation protocols that integrate MI for the reduction of fatigue in patients with MS (PwMS), a literary review was performed through August 2020. Five articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, including two feasibility pilot randomized control trials (RCTs) and 3 RCTs with good quality according to the PEDro score and a low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The literature suggested that MI, in association with rhythmic-auditory cues, may be an effective rehabilitation resource for reducing fatigue. Positive effects were observed on perceived cognitive and psychological fatigue. PwMS require greater compensatory strategies than healthy individuals, and the use of rhythmic-auditory cues may be useful for optimizing the cognitive processing of MI, which acts as an internal stimulus that is enhanced and made more vivid by outside cues. These findings provide evidence that MI is a promising rehabilitation tool for reducing fatigue in PwMS and return to work strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Pezzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Paoloni
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Insabella
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Attanasi
- Complex Operational Unit (UOC) Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Santa Caterina Novella Hospital, Galatina, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernetti
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raoul Saggini
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mangone
- Department of Anatomical and Histological Sciences, Legal Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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12
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Tramontano M, De Angelis S, Mastrogiacomo S, Princi AA, Ciancarelli I, Frizziero A, Iosa M, Paolucci S, Morone G. Music-based techniques and related devices in neurorehabilitation: a scoping review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:733-749. [PMID: 34162284 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1947793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:The music as a powerful, and versatile stimulus for the brain, is at the date sometimes used in neurorehabilitation and proposed as a promising complementary strategy provided in combination with other therapy in individuals with neurological disorders. Different techniques and devices have been developed in the field of the music-based neurorehabilitation.Areas covered:This scoping review analyzes the current scientific literature concerning the different techniques and devices used in the music-supported neurorehabilitation, also focusing on the devices used in music-based therapies in patients with neurological disorders: 46 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included.Expert opinion:Included studies, highlight the potentiality and the versatility of the music-based therapy in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders. The variety of existing techniques allow to applied the music-based therapy in different situations and conditions. Moreover, the wide range of used devices that ranging from the simple musical instruments to the more advanced technologies, allows to develop customized exercises based on the needs of the patient. This review may be considered as a starting point to better design future RCTs that would investigate the effectiveness of music therapy on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irene Ciancarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Frizziero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Iosa
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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13
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Rosso M, Leman M, Moumdjian L. Neural Entrainment Meets Behavior: The Stability Index as a Neural Outcome Measure of Auditory-Motor Coupling. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:668918. [PMID: 34177492 PMCID: PMC8219856 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.668918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding rhythmic behavior in the context of coupled auditory and motor systems has been of interest to neurological rehabilitation, in particular, to facilitate walking. Recent work based on behavioral measures revealed an entrainment effect of auditory rhythms on motor rhythms. In this study, we propose a method to compute the neural component of such a process from an electroencephalographic (EEG) signal. A simple auditory-motor synchronization paradigm was used, where 28 healthy participants were instructed to synchronize their finger-tapping with a metronome. The computation of the neural outcome measure was carried out in two blocks. In the first block, we used Generalized Eigendecomposition (GED) to reduce the data dimensionality to the component which maximally entrained to the metronome frequency. The scalp topography pointed at brain activity over contralateral sensorimotor regions. In the second block, we computed instantaneous frequency from the analytic signal of the extracted component. This returned a time-varying measure of frequency fluctuations, whose standard deviation provided our "stability index" as a neural outcome measure of auditory-motor coupling. Finally, the proposed neural measure was validated by conducting a correlation analysis with a set of behavioral outcomes from the synchronization task: resultant vector length, relative phase angle, mean asynchrony, and tempo matching. Significant moderate negative correlations were found with the first three measures, suggesting that the stability index provided a quantifiable neural outcome measure of entrainment, with selectivity towards phase-correction mechanisms. We address further adoption of the proposed approach, especially with populations where sensorimotor abilities are compromised by an underlying pathological condition. The impact of using stability index can potentially be used as an outcome measure to assess rehabilitation protocols, and possibly provide further insight into neuropathological models of auditory-motor coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Rosso
- Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lousin Moumdjian
- Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music (IPEM), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,UMSC Hasselt-Pelt, Limburg, Belgium.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Limburg, Belgium
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14
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Leow LA, Watson S, Prete D, Waclawik K, Grahn JA. How groove in music affects gait. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2419-2433. [PMID: 34106299 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) is a gait intervention in which gait-disordered patients synchronise footsteps to music or metronome cues. Musical 'groove', the tendency of music to induce movement, has previously been shown to be associated with faster gait, however, why groove affects gait remains unclear. One mechanism by which groove may affect gait is that of beat salience: music that is higher in groove has more salient musical beats, and higher beat salience might reduce the cognitive demands of perceiving the beat and synchronizing footsteps to it. If groove's effects on gait are driven primarily by the impact of beat salience on cognitive demands, then groove's effects might only be present in contexts in which it is relevant to reduce cognitive demands. Such contexts could include task parameters that increase cognitive demands (such as the requirement to synchronise to the beat), or individual differences that may make synchronisation more cognitively demanding. Here, we examined whether high beat salience can account for the effects of high-groove music on gait. First, we increased the beat salience of low-groove music to be similar to that of high-groove music by embedding metronome beats in low and high-groove music. We examined whether low-groove music with high beat salience elicited similar effects on gait as high-groove music. Second, we examined the effect of removing the requirement to synchronise footsteps to the beat (i.e., allowing participants to walk freely with the music), which is thought to remove the cognitive demand of synchronizing movements to the beat. We tested two populations thought to be sensitive to the cognitive demands of synchronisation, weak beat-perceivers and older adults. We found that increasing the beat salience of low-groove music increased stride velocity, but strides were still slower than with high-groove music. Similarly, removing the requirement to synchronise elicited faster, less variable gait, and reduced bias for stability, but high-groove music still elicited faster strides than low-groove music. These findings suggest that beat salience contributes to groove's effect on gait, but it does not fully account for it. Despite reducing task difficulty by equalizing beat salience and removing the requirement to synchronise, high-groove music still elicited faster, less variable gait. Therefore, other properties of groove also appear to play a role in groove's effect on gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ann Leow
- The School of Psychology, McElwain Building, University of Queensland, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Building 26B Qld 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sarah Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David Prete
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Waclawik
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Grahn
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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15
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Peters CM, Glazebrook CM. Temporal features of goal-directed movements change with source, but not frequency, of rhythmic auditory stimuli. J Mot Behav 2021; 54:67-79. [PMID: 33715604 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2021.1892576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Music and metronomes differentially impact movement performance. The current experiment presented metronome and drum beats in simple and complex rhythms before goal-directed reaching movements, while also quantifying enjoyment. Auditory conditions were completed with and without visual feedback and were blocked and counterbalanced. There were no differences between simple and complex rhythms, indicating that rhythmic information alone is sufficient to benefit performance. The drum elicited shorter movement times and higher peak velocities, without an increase in spatial variability. Reaction times were moderately correlated with ratings of enjoyment. These data provide evidence that the source of an auditory stimulus impacts movement performance of a goal-directed reaching task. Results are contextualized within models of goal-directed reaching to elucidate mechanisms contributing to performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Peters
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Cheryl M Glazebrook
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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16
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Andersen LK, Witting N, Vissing J. Effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on walking during the 6-minute walk test in patients with generalised Myasthenia Gravis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2021.1876760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kahr Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Witting
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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How may patients with MS benefit from using music assisted therapy? A case-control feasability study investigating motor outcomes and beyond. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102713. [PMID: 33387863 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Motor impairment is the most common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS), as gait and balance dysfunction are reported in more than 85% of the patients, with considerable consequences on the patient's activities of daily living and psychological status. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility and potential efficacy of a novel treatment involving music plus treadmill in patients with MS. Ten patients affected by secondary progressive MS were submitted to a specific training using the Gait Trainer (GT) 3, a platform that integrates gait training via a treadmill and rhythmic auditory stimulation. The 30 minutes training was performed three times per week for eight weeks (24 sessions in total). The enrolled patients were compared with a control group (CG) of 10 patients with MS matched for age, gender, disease duration, and EDSS stage. The CG received the same amount of treatment, but using conventional overground gait training. All patients completed the training without reporting any side effects. At the end of the training, CG improved in static and dynamic balance and in mood. Instead, in the EG a significant improvement in static and dynamic balance, walking speed, and mobility, as well as in mood, and perception of quality of life (QoL), both for physical and mental well-being, was found. This exploratory study suggests that GT3 might be a feasible and potentially useful approach for MS gait rehabilitation, thanks to patients' high motivation and good acceptance of the music assisted therapy.
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18
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Hutchinson K, Sloutsky R, Collimore A, Adams B, Harris B, Ellis TD, Awad LN. A Music-Based Digital Therapeutic: Proof-of-Concept Automation of a Progressive and Individualized Rhythm-Based Walking Training Program After Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2020; 34:986-996. [PMID: 33040685 DOI: 10.1177/1545968320961114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhythm of music can entrain neurons in motor cortex by way of direct connections between auditory and motor brain regions. OBJECTIVE We sought to automate an individualized and progressive music-based, walking rehabilitation program using real-time sensor data in combination with decision algorithms. METHODS A music-based digital therapeutic was developed to maintain high sound quality while modulating, in real-time, the tempo (ie, beats per minute, or bpm) of music based on a user's ability to entrain to the tempo and progress to faster walking cadences in-sync with the progression of the tempo. Eleven individuals with chronic hemiparesis completed one automated 30-minute training visit. Seven returned for 2 additional visits. Safety, feasibility, and rehabilitative potential (ie, changes in walking speed relative to clinically meaningful change scores) were evaluated. RESULTS A single, fully automated training visit resulted in increased usual (∆ 0.085 ± 0.027 m/s, P = .011) and fast (∆ 0.093 ± 0.032 m/s, P = .016) walking speeds. The 7 participants who completed additional training visits increased their usual walking speed by 0.12 ± 0.03 m/s after only 3 days of training. Changes in walking speed were highly related to changes in walking cadence (R2 > 0.70). No trips or falls were noted during training, all users reported that the device helped them walk faster, and 70% indicated that they would use it most or all of the time at home. CONCLUSIONS In this proof-of-concept study, we show that a sensor-automated, progressive, and individualized rhythmic locomotor training program can be implemented safely and effectively to train walking speed after stroke. Music-based digital therapeutics have the potential to facilitate salient, community-based rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian Harris
- Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,MedRhythms Inc, Portland, ME, USA
| | | | - Louis N Awad
- Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Soler B, Ramari C, Valet M, Dalgas U, Feys P. Clinical assessment, management, and rehabilitation of walking impairment in MS: an expert review. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:875-886. [PMID: 32729742 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1801425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most common and life-altering consequences of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is walking impairment. The distance, speed, and Gait pattern functions are components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and are also predictors of dependency in terms of daily living activities in patients with MS (pwMS). AREAS COVERED This article provides an overview of walking impairment in pwMS, with focus on the assessment of gait and the rehabilitation approaches. EXPERT OPINION The authors recommend that pwMS undergo gait assessment integrating the ICF perspective using validated clinical outcome measures that cover spatiotemporal gait parameters. Moreover, assessment of walking speed with short walking capacity tests such as the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) or the 10-m walk test (10 MWT) and tests for walking distance with middle distance tests such as the 2-min walk test (2MWT) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). This review further highlights strategies that may restore walking function including pharmacological symptomatic treatment and non-pharmacological rehabilitation approaches such as exercise and task-specific training providing an appraisal of mobility targeted therapies to be considered when planning multidisciplinary comprehensive-care of pwMS. Finally, new and novel strategies such as motor imagery and rhythmic auditory stimulation have been developed to improve walking speed and distance in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Soler
- Neurology Service, Hospital Doctor Sótero Del Río , Santiago, Chile.,Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Cintia Ramari
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasília , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Maxime Valet
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation , Brussels, Belgium.,Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Neuromusculoskeletal lab (NMSK) , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University , Hasselt, Belgium
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20
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Moumdjian L, Maes PJ, Dalla Bella S, Decker LM, Moens B, Feys P, Leman M. Detrended fluctuation analysis of gait dynamics when entraining to music and metronomes at different tempi in persons with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12934. [PMID: 32737347 PMCID: PMC7395137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), synchronizing walking to auditory stimuli such as to music and metronomes have been shown to be feasible, and positive clinical effects have been reported on step frequency and perception of fatigue. Yet, the dynamic interaction during the process of synchronization, such as the coupling of the steps to the beat intervals in music and metronomes, and at different tempi remain unknown. Understanding these interactions are clinically relevant, as it reflects the pattern of step intervals over time, known as gait dynamics. 28 PwMS and 29 healthy controls were instructed to walk to music and metronomes at 6 tempi (0–10% in increments of 2%). Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to calculate the fractal statistical properties of the gait time-series to quantify gait dynamics by the outcome measure alpha. The results showed no group differences, but significantly higher alpha when walking to music compared to metronomes, and when walking to both stimuli at tempi + 8, + 10% compared to lower tempi. These observations suggest that the precision and adaptation gain differ during the coupling of the steps to beats in music compared to metronomes (continuous compared to discrete auditory structures) and at different tempi (different inter-beat-intervals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lousin Moumdjian
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. .,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Simone Dalla Bella
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada.,University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leslie M Decker
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Bart Moens
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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21
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Cadence Modulation in Walking and Running: Pacing Steps or Strides? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10050273. [PMID: 32370091 PMCID: PMC7288070 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A change in cadence during walking or running might be indicated for a variety of reasons, among which mobility improvement and injury prevention. In a within-subject study design, we examined whether walking or running cadences are modulated best by means of step-based or stride-based auditory pacing. Sixteen experienced runners walked and ran on a treadmill while synchronizing with step-based and stride-based pacing at slow, preferred and fast pacing frequencies in synchronization-perturbation and synchronization-continuation conditions. We quantified the variability of the relative phase between pacing cues and footfalls and the responses to perturbations in the pacing signal as measures of coordinative stability; the more stable the auditory-motor coordination, the stronger the modulating effect of pacing. Furthermore, we quantified the deviation from the prescribed cadence after removal of the pacing signal as a measure of internalization of this cadence. Synchronization was achieved less often in running, especially at slow pacing frequencies. If synchronization was achieved, coordinative stability was similar, and the paced cadence was well internalized for preferred and fast pacing frequencies. Step-based pacing led to more stable auditory-motor coordination than stride-based pacing in both walking and running. We therefore concluded that step-based auditory pacing deserves preference as a means to modulate cadence in walking and running.
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22
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Moumdjian L, Moens B, Maes PJ, Van Geel F, Ilsbroukx S, Borgers S, Leman M, Feys P. Continuous 12 min walking to music, metronomes and in silence: Auditory-motor coupling and its effects on perceived fatigue, motivation and gait in persons with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 35:92-99. [PMID: 31357124 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS), coupling walking to beats/pulses in short bursts is reported to be beneficial for cadence and perceived fatigue. However it is yet to be investigated if coupling and its effects can be sustained for longer durations, required for task-oriented training strategy in PwMS. AIMS To investigate if PwMS compared to healthy controls (HC) sustain synchronization for 12 min when walking to music and metronome, and its effects on perceived physical and cognitive fatigue, motivation and gait compared to walking in silence. METHODS Participants walked for 12 min in three conditions (music, metronome and silence). The tempo of the auditory conditions was individualized. Auditory-motor coupling and spatio-temporal gait parameters were measured during walking. The visual analogue scale was used for perceived fatigue, and the Likert scale for motivation. RESULTS 27 PwMS and 28 HC participated. All participants synchronized to both stimuli, yet PwMS synchronized better to music. Overall, participants had lower cadence, speed and stride length when over time all conditions, with an exception of HC, with increasing cadence during the music condition. PwMS perceived less cognitive fatigue, no difference in perceived physical fatigue and a higher motivation walking to music compared to metronomes and silence. CONCLUSION 12 min of uninterrupted walking was possible in PwMS in all conditions, while better synchronization, low perception of cognitive fatigue and high motivation occurred with music compared to other conditions. Coupling walking to music could offer novel paradigms for motor task-oriented training in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lousin Moumdjian
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Moens
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fanny Van Geel
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marc Leman
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, BIOMED, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
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