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Wang M, Li J, Zhang L, Li N, Li X, Wang P. The efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous tirofiban for acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular therapy: a meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1286079. [PMID: 38633532 PMCID: PMC11021731 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1286079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tirofiban is a non-peptide selective glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor with a short half-life. The research assesses the efficacy and safety of continuous intravenous tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing endovascular therapy (ET). Methods A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases is conducted from inception until January 26, 2024. Eligible studies are included based on predefined selection criteria. Efficacy outcomes (favorable functional outcome and excellent functional outcome) and safety outcomes (symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage [sICH], any intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], and 90-day mortality) are calculated using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results A total of 4,329 patients from 15 studies are included in the analysis. The results indicate a significant trend toward favorable functional outcomes in the tirofiban group (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42; p = 0.001). In terms of safety outcomes, tirofiban does not increase the risk of sICH (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.71-1.13; p = 0.35) or any ICH (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.70-1.34; p = 0.85), but it significantly decreases 90-day mortality (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64-0.88; p = 0.0006). A subgroup analysis suggests that continuous intravenous tirofiban demonstrates better efficacy (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.09-1.42; p = 0.001) for patients with AIS undergoing rescue ET with even better results when used in combination with intra-arterial and intravenous administration (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07-1.451; p = 0.005). Conclusion Continuous intravenous tirofiban is effective and safe for patients with AIS undergoing rescue ET, particularly when combined with intra-arterial tirofiban. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023385695.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Clinical College, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical College, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Clinical College, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China
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Zhu X, Guo Z, Tian L, Zeng G, Zhou P, Yuan Z, Sang H, Qiu Z, Yang Q, Wu Y, Li J. Efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107526. [PMID: 38096657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant tirofiban in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion due to large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) receiving endovascular therapy (EVT). METHODS This was a non-randomized, multicenter study using data from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute BASILAR Artery Occlusion (BASILAR) registry. Patients with acute basilar artery occlusion due to LAA within 24h of symptom onset who underwent EVT were included. Patients were divided into tirofiban and non-tirofiban groups according to whether tirofiban was used. The primary outcome was the ordinal modified Rankin scale score at 90 days. Safety outcomes were mortality within 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h. RESULTS A total of 417 patients were included, of whom 275 patients were in the tirofiban group and 142 patients in the non-tirofiban group. Compared with patients in the non-tirofiban group, patients in the tirofiban group were associated with a favorable shift in functional outcome at 90 days (6[4-6] vs 5 [2-6]; adjusted common OR, 2.51; 95 % CI, 1.64-3.83). The mortality was lower in the tirofiban group than the non-tirofiban group (40.7 % vs 58.5 %; adjusted OR, 0.35; 95 % CI, 0.21-0.56). The rate of sICH was 12.2 % in the non-tirofiban group and 5.2 % in the tirofiban group (adjusted OR, 0.37; 95 % CI, 0.17-0.80; P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Tirofiban plus EVT might improve functional outcomes with a good safety for patients with acute basilar artery occlusion due to LAA. The results need to be confirmed in a randomized trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Department of Neurology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou 611230, China
| | - Zhangbao Guo
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Department of Neurology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Guoyong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Peiyang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangyang, Hubei Medical University, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Zhengzhou Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hongfei Sang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Youlin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chongzhou 611230, China
| | - Jinglun Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Xie H, Chen Y, Ge W, Xu X, Liu C, Lan Z, Yang Y. Does Endovascular Thrombectomy(ET) plus tirofiban benefit stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107494. [PMID: 38035642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) has been shown to prevent disability in a proportion of patients. The use of tirofiban in patients undergoing ET after acute stroke has resulted in improved patient function and reduced mortality to some extent. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of the current period, an overview of the most recent studies on the potential efficacy of using tirofiban to help acute stroke patients improve function and reduce mortality was provided. METHODS In this meta-analysis, we explore the safety and efficacy of ET combined with tirofiban in patients with acute stroke. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library database from the construction of the library to the present relevant RCTs/non-RCTs. The following key words were used for finding relevant studies from the databases"tirofiban""thrombectomy"" Stroke"" balloon angioplasty""stenting". RESULTS Total of 14 trials with 4366 individuals enrolled were included in the Meta-analysis including 2732(62.6) who received ET alone and 1634(37.4 %) who received tirofiban plus ET. The primary outcome of 90-day functional independence (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score≤2) was 42.2 % (1043/2473) in the ET alone group vs. 46.2 % (684/1480) in the tirofiban with ET group (risk ratio (RR), 1.10 [95 % CI, 1.02-1.18]; P=0.02),mortality at 90 days (RR, 0.86 [95 % CI, 0.76-0.98]; P = 0.02). There is no significant between-group differences were found in excellent outcome (mRS score ≤1) (RR, 1.08 [95 % CI, 0.95-1.23]; P = 0.22), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR, 1.11 [95 % CI, 0.92-1.34]; P = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the use of ET combined with tirofiban in patients with acute stroke is safe and has the potential to reduce mortality and improve functional independence at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xie
- Department of clinical Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324003, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Wukun Ge
- Department of clinical Pharmacy, Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang 315600, China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324003, China.
| | - Chengjiang Liu
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Anqing First People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 246000, China
| | - Zhiyong Lan
- Department of Psychiatry Department, The Third Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324003, China
| | - Yina Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ninghai First Hospital, Zhejiang 315600, China
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Lu WZ, Lin HA, Hou SK, Bai CH, Lin SF. Efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy: A frequentist and Bayesian meta-analysis. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107244. [PMID: 37992511 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tirofiban is an antiplatelet treatment approved for acute coronary syndrome, but it has not been rigorously evaluated for efficacy and safety in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for studies conducted from January 1, 2015, to July 31, 2021, that evaluated tirofiban administration for patients with AIS treated with EVT in comparison with control. Risk ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for favorable functional outcomes (FFOs), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH), each 90 days after AIS. Bayesian hierarchical modeling was performed to obtain posterior RR and its 95% highest posterior density (HPD) for validation. RESULTS Compared with controls, tirofiban users exhibited increased FFOs (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08-1.30), decreased mortality (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64-0.92), and no difference in SICH (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.23). Tirofiban users in the postbolus infusion subgroup exhibited increased FFOs (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35), decreased mortality (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.88), and no increase in SICH (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.72-1.29). The bolus-only subgroup showed no differences in FFO, mortality, or SICH between the tirofiban and control groups. Consistent results were obtained for posterior density of FFO (posterior RR, 1.20; 95% HPD, 1.06-1.34), mortality (posterior RR, 0.77; 95% HPD, 0.63-0.92), and SICH (posterior RR, 0.98; 95% HPD, 0.71-1.26). CONCLUSION For patients with AIS treated with EVT, tirofiban improved FFOs, decreased mortality, and did not increase SICH compared with controls; postbolus infusion for administering tirofiban was more favored than the bolus-only regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-An Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Kuang Hou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee MA, Hwang BW, Ha SW, Kim JH, Kim HS, Ahn SH. Endovascular Reperfusion Therapy in Minor Stroke with Neurologic Deterioration beyond 24 Hours from Onset. Neurointervention 2023; 18:159-165. [PMID: 37871978 PMCID: PMC10626039 DOI: 10.5469/neuroint.2023.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with minor stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤5) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) often experience neurological deterioration >24 hours after onset. However, the efficacy of endovascular reperfusion therapy in these patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapy in patients with minor stroke and neurological deterioration >24 hours after onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were retrospectively reviewed from patients between January 2019 and April 2022 who met the following criteria: (1) minor stroke and small definitive ischemic lesions at initial visit, (2) onset to neurological deterioration >24 hours, (3) cortical signs, Alberta Stroke Program Early computed tomography (CT) Score >6 points, and large artery occlusion confirmed by CT angiography at neurological deterioration. Efficacy and safety outcomes were based on final thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI), incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. Outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Good outcome was defined as a mRS of 0, 1, or 2. RESULTS Data from 26 patients (38.4% female, mean age 75.8 years) were analyzed; 18 (69.2%) had a good outcome. A final TICI of 2b or 3 was observed in 24 (92.3%) patients. No other adverse events, including dissection, vasospasm or distal embolization, were observed during the procedures. Hemorrhagic events occurred in 8 patients after the procedure; however, there were no symptomatic ICHs. Good prognostic factors were younger age (P=0.062) and carotid stenting (P=0.025). CONCLUSION Endovascular reperfusion therapy performed in selected patients with minor stroke, LVO, and neurological deterioration >24 hours after stroke onset demonstrated favorable outcomes and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min A Lee
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byoung Wook Hwang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Ha
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hak Sung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Ahn
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Sang H, Xie D, Tian Y, Nguyen TN, Saver JL, Nogueira RG, Wu J, Long C, Tian Z, Hu Z, Wang T, Li R, Ke Y, Zhu X, Peng D, Chang M, Li L, Ruan J, Wu D, Zi W, Yang Q, Li F, Qiu Z. Association of Tirofiban With Functional Outcomes After Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease. Neurology 2023; 100:e1996-e2006. [PMID: 36941074 PMCID: PMC10186214 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of IV infusion of tirofiban before endovascular thrombectomy for patients with large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic disease. The secondary objective was to identify potential mediators for the clinical effect of tirofiban. METHODS Post hoc exploratory analysis of the Endovascular Treatment With versus Without Tirofiban for Patients with Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke (RESCUE BT) trial, which was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial at 55 centers in China from October 2018 to October 2021. Patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery due to intracranial atherosclerosis were included. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients achieving functional independence (defined as modified Rankin scale 0-2) at 90 days. Binary logistic regression and causal mediation analyses were used to estimate the treatment effect of tirofiban and the potential mediators. RESULTS This study included 435 patients, of whom 71.5% were men. The median age was 65 (interquartile range [IQR] 56-72) years, with a median NIH Stroke Scale of 14 (IQR 10-19). Patients in the tirofiban group had higher rates of functional independence at 90 days than patients in the placebo group (adjusted odds ratio 1.68; 95% CI 1.11-2.56, p = 0.02) without an increased risk of mortality or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Tirofiban was associated with fewer thrombectomy passes (median [IQR] 1 [1-2] vs 1 [1-2], p = 0.004), which was an independent predictor of functional independence. Mediation analysis showed tirofiban-reduced thrombectomy passes explained 20.0% (95% CI 4.1%-76.0%) of the effect of tirofiban on functional independence. DISCUSSION In this post hoc analysis of the RESCUE BT trial, tirofiban was an effective and well-tolerated adjuvant medication of endovascular thrombectomy for patients with large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerosis. These findings need to be confirmed in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION The RESCUE BT trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR-INR-17014167. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that tirofiban plus endovascular therapy improves 90-day outcome for patients with large vessel occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Sang
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjing Xie
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tian
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey L Saver
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Raul G Nogueira
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Wu
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Long
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxuan Tian
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhou Hu
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongzong Li
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingbing Ke
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiurong Zhu
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daizhou Peng
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingze Chang
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Ruan
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deping Wu
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zi
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengli Li
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Qiu
- From the Department of Neurology (H.S., L.L.), Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (D.X., Y.T., D.W., W.Z., Q.Y., F.L.), Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology and Radiology (T.N.N.), Boston Medical Center, MA; Department of Neurology (J.L.S.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.G.N.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA; Department of Emergency (J.W., C.L.), Xiangtan Central Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.T.), Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital; Department of Neurology (Z.H.), Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology (T.W.), Huainan First People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (R.L.), The 924th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Guilin; Department of Neurology (Y.K.), Yangluo Branch of Hubei Zhongshan Hospital, Wuhan; Department of Neurology (X.Z.), Chongzhou People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (D.P.), Qianxinan People's Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Xi'an Third Hospital; Department of Clinical Pharmacy (J.R.), Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Z.Q.), The 903th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the therapeutic advances and evidence in the medical management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recent evidence comparing the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase (TNK) with alteplase for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in AIS will be highlighted. Recent advances and evidence on improving micro-circulation following endovascular procedures and neuroprotection will be reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS A significant number of randomized control studies now support the use of tenecteplase for IVT in AIS. TNK 0.25 mg/kg single bolus is as effective and well tolerated as alteplase 0.9 mg/kg infusion for IVT in AIS. Evidence from randomized control trials (RCTs) has shown effective and well tolerated expansion of the therapeutic window of IVT in the wake-up stroke and up to 9 h after last seen well, using advanced neuroimaging with computed tomography perfusion/MRI. Early evidence suggests that intra-arterial alteplase may help improve microcirculation in patients with large vessel occlusion following successful thrombectomy. However, more trials are required to confirm the results. Similarly, early evidence from a recent RCT showed that remote ischemic conditioning confers potential neuroprotection and improves outcomes in AIS. SUMMARY Converging evidence has demonstrated that for patients with ischemic stroke presenting at under 4.5 h from the onset, TNK is comparable to alteplase. These data along with the practical advantages of TNK have resulted in a shift to replace intravenous TNK as the standard for thrombolysis. Ongoing studies of IVT with TNK are focussed on defining the optimal dose, expanding the time window with multimodal imaging and defining the role of thrombolysis for bridging patients with stroke due to large vessel occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Nair
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Liu C, Yang X, Liu M, Wang J, Li G. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients with acute ischaemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 228:107702. [PMID: 37058772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanical thrombectomy is now widely used in acute ischaemic stroke, but its adjunctive antiplatelet aggregation regimen is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science. Randomized controlled studies and cohort studies comparing the tirofiban group and non-tirofiban group (control group) in patients with AIS who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. The primary safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), 3-month mortality, and re-occlusion rate. The primary efficacy outcomes were good functional outcome (mRS 0-2), excellent functional outcome (mRS 0-1), and successful recanalization (mTICI≥2b). RESULTS We included 22 studies with a total of 6062 patients. For safety outcomes, the tirofiban group had a non-significantly higher rate of sICH (OR = 0.90, 95 % CI = 0.73-1.10, P = 0.29) and a significantly lower rate of re-occlusion (OR = 0.40, 95 % CI = 0.19-0.82, P = 0.01) and 3-month mortality (OR = 0.71, 95 % CI = 0.61-0.82, P < 0.00001) compared to the control group. In terms of efficacy outcomes, significant improvement in good functional outcomes (mRS 0-2) (OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.11-1.39, P = 0.0002) and recanalization rate (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.17-1.62, P = 0.0001) compared to tirofiban, but not significant improvement in excellent functional outcomes(OR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 0.93-1.39, P = 0.21). In addition, compared with cardiogenic stroke, the large atherosclerotic stroke had a higher rate of good functional outcome (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.18-2.11, P = 0.002) and a lower rate of 3-month mortality (OR = 0.58, 95 % CI = 0.39-0.85, P = 0.005). Subgroup analysis by route of administration showed a significant improvement in good functional outcome in the intravenous group (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.08-1.50, P = 0.004), while no significant difference was found between the arterial and arteriovenous groups. CONCLUSION Treatment with tirofiban in patients with AIS with mechanical thrombectomy is effective in improving functional prognosis, arterial recanalization rates, and reducing 3-month mortality and re-occlusion rates, particularly in patients with large atherosclerotic stroke, without increasing the rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Intravenous administration of tirofiban significantly improves the clinical prognosis compared to arterial administration. Tirofiban is effective and safe in patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hechuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing 401500,China.
| | - Mingsu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, 400050, China.
| | - Guangqing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Frist Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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9
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Guo W, Xu J, Ma L, Ma J, Li S, Ren C, Wu L, Wu C, Li C, Chen J, Duan J, Ma Q, Song H, Zhao W, Ji X. Safety and efficacy of different tirofiban administration routes on acute ischemic stroke patients with successful recanalization: A propensity score matching analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1993-2000. [PMID: 35962605 PMCID: PMC9627363 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the effect of different administration routes of a low dose of tirofiban on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with successful recanalization after endovascular treatment (EVT). METHODS This is a cohort study that retrospectively analyzed data of patients with AIS who underwent EVT and achieved successful recanalization from a prospective registry. Eligible patients were divided into three groups according to their use of tirofiban. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline bias. Safety outcomes included any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and symptomatic ICH (sICH). Efficacy outcomes included arterial reocclusion, in-hospital mortality, 3-month mortality, and 3-month functional outcomes. RESULTS We included 821 patients with 306 in the no tirofiban group, 202 in the IA + IV tirofiban group, and 313 in the IV tirofiban group. After PSM, each group included 101 patients with balanced baseline characteristics. There was no difference between the IV tirofiban group and the no tirofiban group in terms of safety and efficacy outcomes (all p > 0.05). Compared with no tirofiban, IA + IV tirofiban group did not increase ICH (30.7% vs. 37.6%, p > 0.05) and sICH (6.9% vs. 17.8%, p > 0.05) whereas reduced 3-month mortality (14.3% vs. 28.7%, p < 0.05) and improved 3-month modified Rankin Scale (median 3 vs. 4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A low dose of tirofiban, regardless of their administration routes, was safe for AIS patients who achieved successful recanalization with EVT, whereas only IA + IV tirofiban improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Linqing Ma
- Department of NeurologyThe People's Hospital of Suzhou New DistrictSuzhouChina
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Sijie Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Emergency, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changhong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chuanhui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiangang Duan
- Department of Emergency, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiqing Song
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Zhang A, Wu N, Liu X, Jiang T. Continuous intravenous tirofiban can improve the 90-day functional outcome and decrease 90-day mortality without increasing bleeding risk in acute ischemic stroke patients treated by endovascular therapy: A meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99:109-116. [PMID: 35278931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of continuous intravenous administration of tirofiban in endovascular therapy is still unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the 90-day functional prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) treated by endovascular treatment and intravenous administration of tirofiban. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases with the subject terms "tirofiban", "brain ischemia", and some related free words. Inclusion criteria were: (1) cohort study or randomized control trials; (2) AIS patients who received endovascular therapy; (3) the intervention or exposure was intravenous tirofiban monotherapy or combined with intra-arterial tirofiban; (4) containing data on modified Rankin Scale at 90 days and including at least one of the following indicators: mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and recanalization. A summary odds ratio was calculated. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies, consisting of 3268 AIS participants, were identified. There was a significant trend of favorable outcomes (measured by mRS at three months) in the tirofiban group (ORs = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.09-1.70). In addition, compared with the non-tirofiban group, intravenous tirofiban was significantly associated with decreased risk of 90-day mortality (ORs = 0.73; 95% CI:0.59-0.89) and increased recanalization rate (ORs = 1.50; 95% CI:1.08-2.09) but no significant difference in rates of sICH (ORs = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.70-1.24) or ICH (ORs = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.62-1.15). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous tirofiban appears to be safe and effective when used following intra-arterial tirofiban or as monotherapy in AIS patients treated by endovascular therapy, which can improve the 90-day functional outcome, decrease the 90-day mortality and increase the possibility of early recanalization without increasing rates of sICH and ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nihong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Jang SH, Sohn SI, Park H, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Hong JM, Kim CH, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Hong JH. The Safety of Intra-arterial Tirofiban during Endovascular Therapy after Intravenous Thrombolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1633-1637. [PMID: 34301637 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of tirofiban during endovascular therapy in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant IV tPA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial tirofiban use during endovascular therapy in patients treated with IV tPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a multicenter registry, we enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy. Safety outcomes included postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type 2 and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality. Efficacy outcomes included the successful reperfusion rate, postprocedural reocclusion, and good outcomes at 3 months (mRS scores of 0-2). The tirofiban effect on the outcomes was evaluated using a multivariable analysis while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among enrolled patients, we identified 314 patients with stroke (279 and 35 patients in the no tirofiban and tirofiban groups, respectively) due to an intracranial artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with intravenous thrombolysis. A multivariable analysis revealed no association of intra-arterial tirofiban with postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.20-4.10; P = .918), intraventricular hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.02-2.85; P = .467), and 3-month mortality (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.04-1.87; P = .299). Intra-arterial tirofiban was not associated with good outcome (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 0.89 -6.12; P = .099). CONCLUSIONS Using intra-arterial tirofiban during endovascular therapy after IV tPA could be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-I Sohn
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - H Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-J Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - Y-W Kim
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J M Hong
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - C-H Kim
- Neurosurgery (C.-H.K.), School of Medicine Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Radiology (J.W.C.), School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Y-S Kim
- Radiology (Y.-S.K.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - J-H Hong
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
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12
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Tao C, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Song J, Liu T, Yuan X, Luo W, Chen C, Liu D, Zhu Y, Liu J, Hu W. Association between tirofiban monotherapy and efficacy and safety in acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 34167477 PMCID: PMC8223269 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have suggested that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists such as tirofiban are beneficial for patients with acute coronary syndromes. However, it is still uncertain about the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods In this prospective non-randomized study, 255 AIS patients were recruited from 4 comprehensive stroke centers in China between January, 2017 and May, 2018. Among them,169 patients were treated with aspirin plus clopidogrel and 86 patients were treated with tirofiban. The primary functional outcome was the distribution of the 90 days’ modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The safety outcomes included the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) at discharge and mortality at 3 months. Results In the propensity score matched cohort, tirofiban alone was noninferior to the dual antiplatelet with regard to the primary outcome (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 2.04; P = 0.93). Mortality at 90 days was 10% in the dual antiplatelet group and 8% in the tirofiban group (adjusted odds ratio 0.75; 95% CI 0.08 to 7.40, p = 0.81). There was no difference of the ICH rate between two groups (adjusted odds ratio 0.44; 95% CI 0.13 to 1.48, p = 0.18). In the inverse probability of treatment weighting-propensity score-adjusted cohort, similar differences were found for functional and safety outcomes. Conclusions Our study suggested that tirofiban use appears to be safe as monotherapy in AIS treatment compared with common dual antiplatelet therapy, however, no improvement in functional outcomes was found. Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR2000034443, 05/07/2020. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Tao
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuyou Zhu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianlong Song
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenwu Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dezhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, 528 Zhang-Heng Road,Pu-Dong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- People's Hospital of LiXin County, BoZhou City, 236700, AnHui Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- People's Hospital of LiXin County, BoZhou City, 236700, AnHui Province, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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13
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Guo Y, Zhao K, Guo X, Yang M. Antiplatelet therapy and outcomes following endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke: A systemic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:332-344. [PMID: 34275572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The outcomes of antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) receiving endovascular therapy (EVT) remains controversial. Thus, we sought to make a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent clinical trials to confirm the safety and efficacy of APT. METHODS All of clinical trails were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane. The endpoints or main outcome measures included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), 3-month mortality, successful recanalisation (SR) and 3-month functional independence (FI). Odd ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to synthesize effect size by using random-effects models. Sensitivity analysis was performed via calculation of rest data owiting one by one. RESULTS 23 articles were included after screening. APT as an adjunct to EVT was associated with a higher likelihood of pooled successful recanalisation (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07-2.00) and 3-month FI (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01-1.51), no associated with sICH and 3-month mortality. However, Sensitivity analysis indicated that the association between APT and SR and 3-month FI were unstable. For patients with prior use of APT or receiving intravenous thrombolysis before EVT, no associated were found between APT and all of endpoints above. CONCLUSION Although adjuvant APT appears to increase the number of SR and 3-month FI, the results were unstable. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Graduate School, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Graduate School, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Mingfei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, China.
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14
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Wang H, Hu H, Xu J, Qian C. Perfusion image guided mechanical thrombectomy combined with tirofiban successfully revascularize systemic lupus erythematosus related acute large vessel occlusion: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25779. [PMID: 33950971 PMCID: PMC8104300 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an important cause of stroke, more than a half the cases present as acute ischemic stroke. Thrombolysis is an effective choice in most cases, but for large vessel occlusion, mechanical thrombectomy is more effective. Here we reported a case of SLE-related stroke with left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, who was successfully treated by MT and tirofiban. PATIENT CONCERN A 38-year-old female suffered from right hemiplegia and aphasia for 8 hours. She was diagnosed with SLE 20 years ago, and neuropsychiatric SLE was considered 8 months before this onset. One month ago, glucocorticoids were discontinued by herself because of deterioration of bilateral femoral head osteonecrosis. DIAGNOSIS Left MCA occlusion was confirmed by computed tomography perfusion. INTERVENTION Immediate mechanical thrombectomy was performed and tirofiban was given to prevent re-occlusion of left MCA. Twenty fourhours later oral antiplatelet was given after intracranial hemorrhage was ruled out. OUTCOMES Her neurological symptom improved several days later, and she was transferred to further rehabilitation. At 4 months follow-up she can live independently with mild hypophrasia. There was no further events of ischemic stroke in 1-year follow-up. LESSONS Mechanical thrombectomy is a highly effective and indispensable treatment for SLE related large vessel occlusion. In addition, tirofiban may reduce vessel reocclusion in special cases such as SLE and artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province
| | | | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cong Qian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Zhao H, Feng Y, Rong X, Mao Y, Wang Z, Ling Y, Dong Q, Cao W. Sequential tirofiban infusions combined with endovascular treatment may improve outcomes in acute ischemic stroke - a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5426-5441. [PMID: 33582658 PMCID: PMC7950282 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, we explored whether tirofiban could safely improve outcomes when combined with endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases from January 2000 to October 2019 for relevant RCTs/non-RCTs. A total of 13 trials involving 2584 patients, of whom 893 (34.5%) received tirofiban, were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that tirofiban improved patient independence at 90 days (51.2% vs 42.4%; OR 1.26; p =0.02) without increasing the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 1.01; p =0.96) or mortality (OR 0.86; p =0.09). There was no association between the use of tirofiban and recanalization rate (OR 1.35; p =0.11). Subgroup analysis showed that a loading dose followed by maintenance doses, but not a single dose, of tirofiban increased favorable 90-day functional outcomes (OR 1.49; p =0.0008). Moreover, low maintenance doses may be more effective than high maintenance doses (OR 1.41; p =0.02). These results suggest that adjunctive tirofiban treatment administered as a loading dose followed by low-dose maintenance may improve functional outcomes of endovascular therapy in acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Rong
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Mao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zigao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Ling
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Cao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Tang L, Tang X, Yang Q. The Application of Tirofiban in the Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 50:121-131. [PMID: 33401276 DOI: 10.1159/000512601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tirofiban during endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) databases for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies (published before May 1, 2020; no language restrictions) comparing tirofiban administration to blank control during EVT in patients with AIS. Our primary end points were the 3-month functional outcome, recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality. RESULTS The incidence of 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2 score of the tirofiban group was higher than that of the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% CI [1.09, 1.48], p = 0.002) with heterogeneity (I2 = 34%, p = 0.11). Data pooled from the 6 studies describing the details of retriever stent in EVT revealed that tirofiban was associated with higher incidence of 3-month mRS 0-2 score (OR = 1.48, 95% CI [1.11, 1.96], p = 0.007). The recanalization rate was higher in the tirofiban group compared to the control group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI [1.16, 2.39], p = 0.006). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.73, 1.31], p = 0.86) and intracranial hemorrhage (OR = 1.08, 95% CI [0.59, 1.97], p = 0.80) between tirofiban and non-tirofiban group. Besides, the tirofiban administration was associated with lower mortality (OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.62, 0.91], p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The application of tirofiban in EVT of AIS may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality at 3 months. Besides, tirofiban does not seem to increase the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage, either in the anterior or posterior circulation stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,
| | - Qianwen Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yang J, Wu Y, Gao X, Bivard A, Levi CR, Parsons MW, Lin L. Intraarterial Versus Intravenous Tirofiban as an Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:2925-2933. [PMID: 32933416 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.029994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the treatment effect of intraarterial versus intravenous tirofiban during endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS This study retrospectively examined 503 patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion who received endovascular thrombectomy within 24 hours of stroke onset. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no tirofiban (n=354), intraarterial tirofiban (n=79), and intravenous tirofiban (n=70). The 3 groups were compared in terms of recanalization rate, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, in-hospital death rate, 3-month death, and 3-month outcomes measured by modified Rankin Scale score (good clinical outcome of 0-2, poor outcome of 5-6). The comparison was statistically assessed by propensity score matching, followed by Freidman rank-sum test and pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The propensity score matching resulted in 92 matched triplets. Compared with the no-tirofiban group, the intravenous tirofiban group showed significantly increased recanalization (96.7% versus 64.1%, P<0.001), an increased rate of 3-month good outcome (69.5% versus 51.2%, P=0.034), and a lower rate of 3-month poor outcome (12.2% versus 41.4%, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the tirofiban intravenous and no-tirofiban groups in terms of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (2.2% versus 0%, P=1.000). However, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was significantly increased in the intraarterial-tirofiban group compared with the no-tirofiban group (19.1% versus 0%, P<0.001), with an increased rate of in-hospital death (23.6% versus 0% P<0.001), and increased rate of 3-month death (26.8% versus 11.1%, P=0.021). The intraarterial-tirofiban and no-tirofiban group showed no significant difference in recanalization rate (66.3% versus 64.1%, P=1.000). CONCLUSIONS As an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy, intravenous tirofiban is associated with high recanalization rate and good outcome, whereas intraarterial tirofiban is associated with high hemorrhagic rate and death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Yang
- Department of Neurology (J.Y., Y.W.), Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefei Wu
- Department of Neurology (J.Y., Y.W.), Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery (X.G.), Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Andrew Bivard
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia (A.B., M.W.P.)
| | - Christopher R Levi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.R.L., M.W.P., L.L.)
| | - Mark W Parsons
- Melbourne Brain Centre at Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia (A.B., M.W.P.).,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.R.L., M.W.P., L.L.)
| | - Longting Lin
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia (C.R.L., M.W.P., L.L.)
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Sun Y, Guo ZN, Yan X, Wang M, Zhang P, Qin H, Wang Y, Zhu H, Yang Y. Safety and efficacy of tirofiban combined with endovascular therapy compared with endovascular therapy alone in acute ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis. Neuroradiology 2020; 63:17-25. [PMID: 32844236 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-020-02530-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular treatment (EVT) has been widely used for treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the safety and efficacy of treating AIS with tirofiban combined with EVT remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate this treatment. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that compared treatment with tirofiban combined with EVT and EVT alone were included in our meta-analysis. Those published from inception to March 31, 2020, were searched using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Safety was assessed based on symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) incidence and 3-month mortality. Efficacy was assessed based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months post-EVT and recanalization rates. Data were analyzed using either the random-effects or fixed-effects model based on the heterogeneity of studies. In total, one RCT, six prospective studies, and four retrospective studies (2387 AIS cases) were assessed. Our meta-analysis showed that tirofiban combined with EVT did not increase sICH risk (RR, 1.06; 95%CI, 0.79 to 1.42; P = 0.72) and 3-month mortality (RR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.74 to 1.04; P = 0.12). Recanalization rates were not significantly different between patients treated with tirofiban combined with EVT and those treated with EVT alone (RR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.00 to 1.08; P = 0.07), but tirofiban combined with EVT was significantly associated with favorable functional outcomes (mRS score, 0-2) in AIS patients (RR, 1.13; 95%CI, 1.02 to 1.25; P = 0.02). Tirofiban combined with EVT appears to be safe and potentially effective in treating AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiuli Yan
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Meiqi Wang
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Haiqiang Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Hongjing Zhu
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Neuroscience Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China.
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Zhang P, Guo Y, Shen J, Li H, Wang R, Wang Y, Yu X, Yao Q. Efficacy and safety of tirofiban therapy in patients receiving endovascular treatment after large vessel ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2020; 80:112-120. [PMID: 33099332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tirofiban therapy is considered a potentially effective treatment to reduce the incidence of thrombotic complications in patients receiving endovascular treatment (EVT), the safety and efficacy of tirofiban remain controversial. Our objective was to investigate the efficacy and safety of EVT plus tirofiban therapy in patients with emergent large artery occlusion. METHODS Relevant articles from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies that compared treatment with tirofiban to treatment without tirofiban in patients undergoing EVT were retrieved from the PubMed and Embase databases. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the safety and efficacy outcomes based on a random effects model. RESULTS Twelve studies including 2533 patients were identified for the analysis. Overall, the risk of fatal intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) was higher for the treatment with tirofiban group than for the treatment without tirofiban group in patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT (p = 0.002), whereas the risk of any ICH, symptomatic ICH, parenchymal haematoma type 2, in-hospital mortality and 3-month mortality did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). No significant differences in reocclusion rate, recanalization rate or excellent functional outcome were found between the patients treated with or without tirofiban, but significantly favourable functional outcome at 3 months occurred in the tirofiban group (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Tirofiban administration in patients receiving EVT significantly improved 3-month favourable functional outcomes, whereas an increased risk of fatal ICH was also observed. Further rigorous trials are needed to verify the safety of tirofiban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanting Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police, Tianjin,China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruixian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingping Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beichen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Effect of direct angioplasty therapy on acute middle cerebral artery occlusion with good leptomeningeal collateral. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 190:105744. [PMID: 32105908 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate and discuss the effect of direct angioplasty therapy on acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) patients with good leptomeningeal collateral circulation in 4.5 h. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed our acute ischemic stroke database from January 2017 to January 2019, then selected consecutive patients with evidence of the proximal M1 segments of MCAO and good leptomeningeal collateral who have received angioplasty or mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The baseline characteristics and outcome of patients was statistical analysis, included age, gender and risk factors, baseline national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, preoperative alberta stroke programme early CT (ASPECT) score, time from door to needle, time of door to puncture, endovascular procedure time, 7d NIHSS score and the modified treatment in cerebral infarction (m-TICI) 2b or 3, symptomatic hemorrhage, average hospital stays, modified rankin scale (mRS) score 0-2 at 3-month and mortality. All the thrombi were analyzed by histopathology. All statistical analysis was done with t-test for continuous data and χ2 test for binary data. RESULTS A total of 93 patients were included (direct angioplasty = 41 (44.1 %), MT = 52 (55.9 %)). There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups. The difference in the time of door to recanalization, the time of puncture to recanalization, symptomatic hemorrhage, and average hospital stays were significantly different between groups (P < 0.05). The other agents were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05 each). Histopathological analysis showed all thrombi contained different amounts of platelets, fibrinogen, white blood cell, and red blood cell. CONCLUSION Direct angioplasty therapy on acute MCAO with good leptomeningeal collateral may help to shorten the time of surgery, reduce symptomatic hemorrhage, and hospital stay.
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Yi HJ, Sung JH, Lee DH. Safety and Efficacy of Intra-arterial Tirofiban Injection During Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Artery Occlusion. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:416-424. [DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666191023154956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The safety and effect of intra-arterial (IA) tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
inhibitor, during the stent retriever mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was investigated.
Methods:
From January 2015 to May 2019, a total of 327 patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy
of large artery occlusions (LAO). Patients were classified into two groups: MT with IA
tirofiban (MTT) group and MT only (MTO, without IA tirofiban) group. Clinical outcomes, radiological
results, and various complications, such as post thrombectomy hemorrhage, symptomatic
hemorrhage, other systemic bleeding, and hemorrhagic transformation of infarct were evaluated by
comparing the MTT group and MTO group. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed for patients
who underwent MT with prior intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA).
Results:
The MTT group needed a lower mean number of stent passes and showed a re-occlusion
rate as compared with the MTO group (P=0.038 and 0.022, respectively). Between the two groups,
there were no statistically significant differences in post thrombectomy hemorrhage, symptomatic
hemorrhage, other systemic bleeding complications, or hemorrhagic transformation of infarct (P =
0.511, 0.397, 0.429, and 0.355, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, similar findings were observed.
Conclusion:
The use of IA tirofiban during MT seems to be safe and potentially more effective
than only MT without IA tirofiban, even in patients who used IV t-PA before MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho J. Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae H. Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong H. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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