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Schromm AB, Correa W, Gisch N, Steiniger F, Richter W, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Brandenburg K, von Wintzingerode F. Supramolecular assembly of micellar aggregates is the basis of low endotoxin recovery (LER) in a drug formulation that can be resolved by a whole blood assay. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116286. [PMID: 38401515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is ubiquitous and represents a harmful contaminant of pharmaceutical compounds, recombinant biologicals and drug products. The pyrogen can induce severe immune responses and pathology in vitro and in vivo. Health authorities require strict control of endotoxin in parenteral drugs. However, for research and pre-clinical compound analysis, endotoxin testing is not a required quality control, which may cause potential drawbacks in the translational pipeline. Endotoxin testing is usually performed by the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, which is hampered by the so-called low endotoxin recovery (LER) effect when certain drug formulations are tested. A comprehensive study including structural, biophysical, and biological analyses was conducted to identify LER root cause for phosphate- and polysorbate-containing parenteral drug products. LPS in water showed extended ribbon-like aggregate structures. In placebo (formulation buffer without drug) and in drug product (drug in formulation buffer), a reaggregation of LPS into a network of interlinked micelles with hidden head group charges, and a strong reduction of the negative surface potential was observed. The non-accessibility of the LPS backbone has a direct impact leading (i) to a loss of activation of the LAL-cascade, (ii) reduced activation of the TLR4/MD-2 receptor system, and (iii) increased survival in a mouse model of endotoxemia. These data provide a structure-based explanation of the LER-underlying mechanisms. A human whole blood assay is shown to resolve LER and detect the pyrogenic activity of endotoxin with high sensitivity. This may open new test options to improve quality control in drug development and drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Germany.
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Division of Biophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Electron Microscopy Centre, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Walter Richter
- Electron Microscopy Centre, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Guillermo Martinez-de-Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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2
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Kupsch S, Eggers LF, Spengler D, Gisch N, Goldmann T, Fehrenbach H, Stichtenoth G, Krause MF, Schwudke D, Schromm AB. Characterization of phospholipid-modified lung surfactant in vitro and in a neonatal ARDS model reveals anti-inflammatory potential and surfactant lipidome signatures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106216. [PMID: 35618202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A strong inflammatory immune response drives the lung pathology in neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (nARDS). Anti-inflammatory therapy is therefore a promising strategy for improved treatment of nARDS. We demonstrate a new function of the anionic phospholipids POPG, DOPG, and PIP2 as inhibitors of IL-1β release by LPS and ATP-induced inflammasome activation in human monocyte-derived and lung macrophages. Curosurf® surfactant was enriched with POPG, DOPG, PIP2 and the head-group derivative IP3, biophysically characterized and applicability was evaluated in a piglet model of nARDS. The composition of pulmonary surfactant from piglets was determined by shotgun lipidomics screens. After 72 h of nARDS, levels of POPG, DOPG, and PIP2 were enhanced in the respective treatment groups. Otherwise, we did not observe changes of individual lipid species in any of the groups. Surfactant proteins were not affected, with the exception of the IP3 treated group. Our data show that POPG, DOPG, and PIP2 are potent inhibitors of inflammasome activation; their enrichment in a surfactant preparation did not induce any negative effects on lipid profile and reduced biophysical function in vitro was mainly observed for PIP2. These results encourage to rethink the current strategies of improving surfactant preparations by inclusion of anionic lipids as potent anti-inflammatory immune regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars F Eggers
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Dietmar Spengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Luebeck and the Research Center Borstel, D-23845 Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), d-22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Priority Area Asthma and Allergies, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), d-22927 Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Guido Stichtenoth
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Martin F Krause
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), d-22927 Großhansdorf, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Thematic Translational Unit Tuberculosis, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany; Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science KiNSIS, Kiel University, Germany.
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3
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Schromm AB, Paulowski L, Kaconis Y, Kopp F, Koistinen M, Donoghue A, Keese S, Nehls C, Wernecke J, Garidel P, Sevcsik E, Lohner K, Sanchez-Gomez S, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Brandenburg K, Brameshuber M, Schütz GJ, Andrä J, Gutsmann T. Cathelicidin and PMB neutralize endotoxins by multifactorial mechanisms including LPS interaction and targeting of host cell membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101721118. [PMID: 34183393 PMCID: PMC8271772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101721118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) contribute to an effective protection against infections. The antibacterial function of AMPs depends on their interactions with microbial membranes and lipids, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin). Hyperinflammation induced by endotoxin is a key factor in bacterial sepsis and many other human diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive profile of peptide-mediated LPS neutralization by systematic analysis of the effects of a set of AMPs and the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) on the physicochemistry of endotoxin, macrophage activation, and lethality in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that the host defense peptide LL-32 and PMB each reduce LPS-mediated activation also via a direct interaction of the peptides with the host cell. As a biophysical basis, we demonstrate modifications of the structure of cholesterol-rich membrane domains and the association of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Our discovery of a host cell-directed mechanism of immune control contributes an important aspect in the development and therapeutic use of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany;
| | - Laura Paulowski
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Yani Kaconis
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Kopp
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Max Koistinen
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Annemarie Donoghue
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Susanne Keese
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Nehls
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Julia Wernecke
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Garidel
- Biophysikalische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Sevcsik
- Institute of Applied Physics at TU Wien, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Susana Sanchez-Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Martinez-de-Tejada
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörg Andrä
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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4
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Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
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5
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Pfalzgraff A, Correa W, Heinbockel L, Schromm AB, Lübow C, Gisch N, Martinez-de-Tejada G, Brandenburg K, Weindl G. LPS-neutralizing peptides reduce outer membrane vesicle-induced inflammatory responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1503-1513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Abdel-Razek O, Ni L, Yang F, Wang G. Innate immunity of surfactant protein A in experimental otitis media. Innate Immun 2019; 25:391-400. [PMID: 31378117 PMCID: PMC6900641 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919866006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays an important role in innate immune response and host defense against various microorganisms through opsonization and complement activation. To investigate the role of SP-A in non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi)-induced acute otitis media, this study used wild type C57BL/6 (WT) and SP-A knockout (KO) mice. We divided mice into an infection group in which the middle ear (ME) was injected with NTHi and a control group that received the same treatment using normal saline. Mice were sacrificed on d 1, 3, and 7 after treatment. Temporal bone samples were fixed for histological, cellular, and molecular analyses. Ear washing fluid (EWF) was collected for culture and analyses of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells. SP-A-mediated bacterial aggregation and killing and phagocytosis by macrophages were studied in vitro. SP-A expression was detected in the ME and Eustachian tube mucosa of WT mice but not KO mice. After infection, KO mice showed more severe inflammation evidenced by increased ME mucosal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration and higher NF-κB activation compared to WT mice. The levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the EWF of infected KO mice were higher compared to infected WT mice on d 1. Our studies demonstrated that SP-A mediated NTHi aggregation and killing and enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro and modulated inflammation of the ME in otitis media in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lan Ni
- 1 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
| | - Fengyong Yang
- 1 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, USA
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7
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Ren Y, Kong J, Xue J, Shi X, Li H, Qiao J, Lu Y. Effects of ozonation on the activity of endotoxin and its inhalation toxicity in reclaimed water. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 154:153-161. [PMID: 30782557 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolized reclaimed water can cause inflammatory responses in lung after inhalation, and endotoxin has been identified as the main inducer. Since the effects of disinfection treatments on endotoxins had conflicting results, this study explored the changes of endotoxin activity and inflammation inducing ability of reference endotoxin, gram-negative bacteria solutions and reclaimed water after ozonation respectively, and found that LAL assay based endotoxin activity and mouse inhalation exposure based inflammation examination had inconsistent results. The excessive ozone could not remove the endotoxin activity, but was able to reduce the inflammation inducing ability of free endotoxin. When treating on gram-negative strains, ozone first released the cell-bound endotoxin and caused the dramatic increase of endotoxin activity. But for the inflammatory response, despite the rapid increase at the very beginning, it immediately dropped back with further ozonation. The endotoxin aggregate size was proposed as a key regulator of the toxicity of endotoxin, which was modified by ozone oxidation. In real reclaimed water, insufficient ozone significantly enhanced the inflammatory response, but when the ozone dosages were large enough, the inflammation could be drawn back to the original level, which was consistent with the observations from pure endotoxin and bacteria. This work demonstrates that the endotoxin activity cannot predict the endotoxin-induced toxicity of ozone treated water, and low dosage of ozone treatment may even increase the health risk of reclaimed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Ren
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiayang Kong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinling Xue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yun Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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8
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Nova Z, Skovierova H, Calkovska A. Alveolar-Capillary Membrane-Related Pulmonary Cells as a Target in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040831. [PMID: 30769918 PMCID: PMC6412348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lungs is oxygen transport from the atmosphere into the blood circulation, while it is necessary to keep the pulmonary tissue relatively free of pathogens. This is a difficult task because the respiratory system is constantly exposed to harmful substances entering the lungs by inhalation or via the blood stream. Individual types of lung cells are equipped with the mechanisms that maintain pulmonary homeostasis. Because of the clinical significance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the article refers to the physiological role of alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts. However, all these cells can be damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local and systemic inflammation and toxicity. We also highlight a negative effect of LPS on lung cells related to alveolar-capillary barrier and their response to LPS exposure. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanism of LPS signal transduction pathway in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Molecular Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
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9
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GLP-1 Analogue Liraglutide Enhances SP-A Expression in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the TTF-1 Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3601454. [PMID: 29950925 PMCID: PMC5987313 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3601454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of pulmonary surfactant (PS) is essential for decreased pulmonary compliance and edema in acute lung injury (ALI). Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) plays a major role in the regulation of surfactant protein-A (SP-A), the most abundant protein component of PS. Simultaneously, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue can enhance SP-A expression in the lung. However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore whether liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, upregulates SP-A expression through the TTF-1 signaling pathway in ALI. In vivo, a murine model of ALI was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pulmonary inflammation, edema, insulin level, ultrastructural changes in type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells, and SP-A and TTF-1 expression were analyzed. In vitro, rat ATII cells were obtained. SP-A and TTF-1 expression in cells was measured. ShRNA-TTF-1 transfection was performed to knock down TTF-1 expression. Our data showed that LPS-induced lung injury and increase in insulin level, and LPS-induced reduction of SP-A and TTF-1 expression in both the lung and cells, were significantly compromised by liraglutide. Furthermore, we also found that these effects of liraglutide were markedly blunted by shRNA-TTF-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that liraglutide enhances SP-A expression in ATII cells and attenuates pulmonary inflammation in LPS-induced ALI, most likely through the TTF-1 signaling pathway.
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10
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Spengler D, Winoto-Morbach S, Kupsch S, Vock C, Blöchle K, Frank S, Rintz N, Diekötter M, Janga H, Weckmann M, Fuchs S, Schromm AB, Fehrenbach H, Schütze S, Krause MF. Novel therapeutic roles for surfactant-inositols and -phosphatidylglycerols in a neonatal piglet ARDS model: a translational study. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L32-L53. [PMID: 28860142 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and immune-protective properties of surfactant-derived phospholipids and phospholipid subfractions in the context of neonatal inflammatory lung disease are widely unknown. Using a porcine neonatal triple-hit acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model (repeated airway lavage, overventilation, and LPS instillation into airways), we assessed whether the supplementation of surfactant (S; poractant alfa) with inositol derivatives [inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (IP3) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)] or phosphatidylglycerol subfractions [16:0/18:1-palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) or 18:1/18:1-dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)] would result in improved clinical parameters and sought to characterize changes in key inflammatory pathways behind these improvements. Within 72 h of mechanical ventilation, the oxygenation index (S+IP3, S+PIP2, and S+POPG), the ventilation efficiency index (S+IP3 and S+POPG), the compliance (S+IP3 and S+POPG) and resistance (S+POPG) of the respiratory system, and the extravascular lung water index (S+IP3 and S+POPG) significantly improved compared with S treatment alone. The inositol derivatives (mainly S+IP3) exerted their actions by suppressing acid sphingomyelinase activity and dependent ceramide production, linked with the suppression of the inflammasome nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein-3 (NLRP3)-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-caspase-1 complex, and the profibrotic response represented by the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 and IFN-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/8, and elastin. In addition, IκB kinase activity was significantly reduced. S+POPG and S+DOPG treatment inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity (MMP-8 and myeloperoxidase) and the production of interleukin-6, maintained alveolar-capillary barrier functions, and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, all of which resulted in reduced pulmonary edema. S+DOPG also limited the profibrotic response. We conclude that highly concentrated inositol derivatives and phosphatidylglycerol subfractions in surfactant preparations mitigate key inflammatory pathways in inflammatory lung disease and that their clinical application may be of interest for future treatment of the acute exudative phase of neonatal ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Spengler
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Supandi Winoto-Morbach
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Blöchle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Susanna Frank
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Nele Rintz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Marie Diekötter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck , Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Martin F Krause
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
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11
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KOLOMAZNIK M, NOVA Z, CALKOVSKA A. Pulmonary Surfactant and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide: The Interaction and its Functional Consequences. Physiol Res 2017; 66:S147-S157. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly exposed to pathogens which enter the lungs by inhalation or via blood stream. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also named endotoxin, can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local inflammation and systemic toxicity. LPS affects alveolar type II (ATII) cells and pulmonary surfactant and although surfactant molecule has the effective protective mechanisms, excessive amount of LPS interacts with surfactant film and leads to its inactivation. From immunological point of view, surfactant specific proteins (SPs) SP-A and SP-D are best characterized, however, there is increasing evidence on the involvement of SP-B and SP-C and certain phospholipids in immune reactions. In animal models, the instillation of LPS to the respiratory system induces acute lung injury (ALI). It is of clinical importance that endotoxin-induced lung injury can be favorably influenced by intratracheal instillation of exogenous surfactant. The beneficial effect of this treatment was confirmed for both natural porcine and synthetic surfactants. It is believed that the surfactant preparations have anti-inflammatory properties through regulating cytokine production by inflammatory cells. The mechanism by which LPS interferes with ATII cells and surfactant layer, and its consequences are discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A. CALKOVSKA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
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12
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Doyen V, Pilcer G, Dinh PHD, Corazza F, Bernard A, Bergmann P, Lefevre N, Amighi K, Michel O. Inflammation induced by inhaled lipopolysaccharide depends on particle size in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1371-1381. [PMID: 27331367 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In drug development, the anti-inflammatory properties of new molecules in the lung are currently tested using the inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model. The total and regional lung bioavailability of inhaled particles depends significantly on their size. The objective of the present study was to compare inflammatory responses in healthy volunteers after the inhalation of LPS of varying droplet size. METHODS Three nebulizers were characterized by different droplet size distributions [mean mass median aerodynamic diameters: Microcirrus (2.0 μm), MB2 (3.2 μm) and Pari (7.9 μm)]. Participants inhaled three boluses of a 20 μg (technetium 99 m-labelled) solution of LPS, randomly delivered by each nebulizer. We measured the lung deposition of the nebulized LPS by gamma-scintigraphy, while blood and sputum biomarkers were evaluated before and after challenges. RESULTS MB2 and Pari achieved greater lung deposition than Microcirrus [171.5 (±72.9) and 217.6 (±97.8) counts pixel-1 , respectively, vs. 67.9 (±20.6) counts pixel-1 ; P < 0.01]. MB2 and Pari caused higher levels of blood C-reactive protein and more total cells and neutrophils in sputum compared with Microcirrus (P < 0.05). C-reactive protein levels correlated positively with lung deposition (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Inhalation of large droplets of LPS gave rise to greater lung deposition and induced a more pronounced systemic and bronchial inflammatory response than small droplets. The systemic inflammatory response correlated with lung deposition. NCT01081392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Doyen
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Gabrielle Pilcer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Phong Huy Duc Dinh
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Immunology, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfred Bernard
- Unit of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Bergmann
- Nuclear medicine department, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefevre
- Clinic of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immuno-allergology, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Kopp F, Kupsch S, Schromm AB. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein is bound and internalized by host cells and colocalizes with LPS in the cytoplasm: Implications for a role of LBP in intracellular LPS-signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:660-72. [PMID: 26804480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is critically involved in innate immune responses to Gram-negative infections. We show here that human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, but not lymphocytes, stain positive for endogenous LBP on the cell surface. Studies on human macrophages demonstrate LBP binding at normal serum concentrations of 1-10 μg/ml. Binding was increased in a concentration-dependent manner by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fluorescence quenching experiments and confocal microscopy revealed constitutive and LPS-induced internalization of LBP by macrophages. Experiments with macrophages and HEK293 cell lines showed that binding and uptake of LBP do not depend on the LPS receptors CD14 and TLR4/MD-2. Fractionation of Triton X-100 solubilized cytoplasmic membranes revealed that LBP was primarily localized in non-raft domains under resting conditions. Cellular LPS stimulation elevated LBP levels and induced enrichment in fractions marking the transition between non-raft and raft domains. LBP was found to colocalize with LPS at the cytoplasmic membrane and in intracellular compartments of macrophages. In macrophages stimulated with LPS and ATP for inflammasome activation, LBP was observed in close vicinity to activated caspases. Furthermore, LBP conferred IL-1β production by LPS in the absence of ATP. These data establish that LBP serves not only as an extracellular LPS shuttle but in addition facilitates intracellular transport of LPS. This observation adds a new function to this central immune regulator of LPS biology and raises the possibility for a role of LBP in the delivery of LPS to TLR4-independent intracellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kopp
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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14
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Kamaladevi A, Balamurugan K. Lipopolysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae attenuates immunity of Caenorhabditis elegans and evades by altering its supramolecular structure. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prominence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacteria, investigations at the molecular level in in vivo conditions are in dire need to understand its role in provoking infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Kamaladevi
- Department of Biotechnology
- Science Campus
- Alagappa University
- Karaikudi 630 004
- India
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15
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Jäger J, Keese S, Roessle M, Steinert M, Schromm AB. Fusion of Legionella pneumophila outer membrane vesicles with eukaryotic membrane systems is a mechanism to deliver pathogen factors to host cell membranes. Cell Microbiol 2014; 17:607-20. [PMID: 25363599 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The formation and release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a phenomenon observed in many bacteria, including Legionella pneumophila. During infection, this human pathogen primarily invades alveolar macrophages and replicates within a unique membrane-bound compartment termed Legionella-containing vacuole. In the current study, we analysed the membrane architecture of L. pneumophila OMVs by small-angle X-ray scattering and biophysically characterized OMV membranes. We investigated the interaction of L. pneumophila OMVs with model membranes by Förster resonance energy transfer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These experiments demonstrated the incorporation of OMV membrane material into liposomes composed of different eukaryotic phospholipids, revealing an endogenous property of OMVs to fuse with eukaryotic membranes. Cellular co-incubation experiments showed a dose- and time-dependent binding of fluorophore-labelled OMVs to macrophages. Trypan blue quenching experiments disclosed a rapid internalization of OMVs into macrophages at 37 and 4 °C. Purified OMVs induced tumour necrosis factor-α production in human macrophages at concentrations starting at 300 ng ml(-1). Experiments on HEK293-TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2 cell lines demonstrated a dominance of TLR2-dependent signalling pathways. In summary, we demonstrate binding, internalization and biological activity of L. pneumophila OMVs on human macrophages. Our data support OMV membrane fusion as a mechanism for the remote delivery of virulence factors to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Jäger
- Department of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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