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Palmer T, Obst SJ, Aitken CR, Walsh J, Sabapathy S, Adams L, Morris NR. Fixed-intensity exercise tests to measure exertional dyspnoea in chronic heart and lung populations: a systematic review. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230016. [PMID: 37558262 PMCID: PMC10410401 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0016-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exertional dyspnoea is the primary diagnostic symptom for chronic cardiopulmonary disease populations. Whilst a number of exercise tests are used, there remains no gold standard clinical measure of exertional dyspnoea. The aim of this review was to comprehensively describe and evaluate all types of fixed-intensity exercise tests used to assess exertional dyspnoea in chronic cardiopulmonary populations and, where possible, report the reliability and responsiveness of the tests. METHODS A systematic search of five electronic databases identified papers that examined 1) fixed-intensity exercise tests and measured exertional dyspnoea, 2) chronic cardiopulmonary populations, 3) exertional dyspnoea reported at isotime or upon completion of fixed-duration exercise tests, and 4) published in English. RESULTS Searches identified 8785 papers. 123 papers were included, covering exercise tests using a variety of fixed-intensity protocols. Three modes were identified, as follows: 1) cycling (n=87), 2) walking (n=31) and 3) other (step test (n=8) and arm exercise (n=2)). Most studies (98%) were performed on chronic respiratory disease patients. Nearly all studies (88%) used an incremental exercise test. 34% of studies used a fixed duration for the exercise test, with the remaining 66% using an exhaustion protocol recording exertional dyspnoea at isotime. Exertional dyspnoea was measured using the Borg scale (89%). 7% of studies reported reliability. Most studies (72%) examined the change in exertional dyspnoea in response to different interventions. CONCLUSION Considerable methodological variety of fixed-intensity exercise tests exists to assess exertional dyspnoea and most test protocols require incremental exercise tests. There does not appear to be a simple, universal test for measuring exertional dyspnoea in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Palmer
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bundaberg, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health, Chermside, Australia
| | - Steven J Obst
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bundaberg, Australia
| | - Craig R Aitken
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health, Chermside, Australia
- Heart and Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - James Walsh
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health, Chermside, Australia
- Heart and Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - Surendran Sabapathy
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lewis Adams
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Norman R Morris
- Griffith University, School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Allied Health Research Collaborative, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland Health, Chermside, Australia
- Heart and Lung Institute, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
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Banat H, Ambrus R, Csóka I. Drug combinations for inhalation: Current products and future development addressing disease control and patient compliance. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123070. [PMID: 37230369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery is an alternative route of administration with numerous advantages over conventional routes of administration. It provides low enzymatic exposure, fewer systemic side effects, no first-pass metabolism, and concentrated drug amounts at the site of the disease, making it an ideal route for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Owing to the thin alveolar-capillary barrier, and large surface area that facilitates rapid absorption to the bloodstream in the lung, systemic delivery can be achieved as well. Administration of multiple drugs at one time became urgent to control chronic pulmonary diseases such as asthma and COPD, thus, development of drug combinations was proposed. Administration of medications with variable dosages from different inhalers leads to overburdening the patient and may cause low therapeutic intervention. Therefore, products that contain combined drugs to be delivered via a single inhaler have been developed to improve patient compliance, reduce different dose regimens, achieve higher disease control, and boost therapeutic effectiveness in some cases. This comprehensive review aimed to highlight the growth of drug combinations by inhalation over time, obstacles and challenges, and the possible progress to broaden the current options or to cover new indications in the future. Moreover, various pharmaceutical technologies in terms of formulation and device in correlation with inhaled combinations were discussed in this review. Hence, inhaled combination therapy is driven by the need to maintain and improve the quality of life for patients with chronic respiratory diseases; promoting drug combinations by inhalation to a higher level is a necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Banat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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Vézina FA, Bouchard PA, Breton-Gagnon É, Dion G, Viglino D, Roy P, Bilodeau L, Provencher S, Denault MH, Saey D, Lellouche F, Maltais F. Automated O 2 Titration Alone or With High-Flow Nasal Cannula During Walking Exercise in Chronic Lung Diseases. Respir Care 2023; 69:respcare.10810. [PMID: 37491073 PMCID: PMC10753602 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced O2 desaturation contributes to dyspnea and exercise intolerance in various respiratory diseases. This study assessed whether automated O2 titration was superior to fixed-flow O2 to improve exertional dyspnea and walking exercise endurance. We also aimed at evaluating possible additive effects of high-flow nasal cannula coupled with automated O2 titration on these outcomes. METHODS Subjects with chronic respiratory diseases and exercise-induced desaturation performed a 3-min constant-speed shuttle test (CSST) and an endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT) with either (1) fixed-flow O2, (2) automated O2 titration targeting an SpO2 of 94% (± 2%), and (3) automated O2 titration + high-flow nasal cannula according to a randomized sequence. The main outcome was Borg dyspnea score at the end of the 3-min CSST. Secondary outcomes included endurance time and dyspnea during ESWT and oxygenation status during exercise. RESULTS Ten subjects with COPD, 10 with interstitial lung disease, 5 with pulmonary hypertension, and 3 with cystic fibrosis completed the study. Compared to fixed-flow O2, automated O2 titration did not reduce dyspnea at the end of the 3-min CSST. Endurance time during the ESWT was prolonged with automated O2 titration (mean difference 298 [95% CI 205-391] s, P < .001), and dyspnea at isotime was reduced. No further improvement was noted when high-flow nasal cannula was added to automated O2 titration. Compared to fixed-flow O2, O2 flows were higher with automated O2 titration, resulting in better oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS Automated O2 titration was superior to fixed-flow O2 to alleviate dyspnea and improve exercise endurance during the ESWT in subjects with a variety of chronic respiratory diseases. Adding high-flow nasal cannula to automated O2 titration provided no further benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix-Antoine Vézina
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Bouchard
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilie Breton-Gagnon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Dion
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Damien Viglino
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; and Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Hypoxie-Physiopathologie HP2 INSERM U1300, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascalin Roy
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Lara Bilodeau
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Denault
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Lellouche
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Posthuma R, Vanfleteren LEGW, Gaffron S, Vaes AW, Franssen FME, Spruit MA. Differential Response to 12 Weeks of Once-Daily Tiotropium/Olodaterol Fixed Dose Combination in Patients with COPD: A Multidimensional Response Profiling in the TORRACTO Study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1091-1102. [PMID: 37313498 PMCID: PMC10259581 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s405478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long-acting bronchodilators (LABD), in general, reduce respiratory symptoms, improve exercise endurance time and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there might be heterogeneity in improvement for several outcomes on an individual level. Therefore, we aimed to profile the multidimensional response in patients receiving tiotropium/olodaterol (T/O) using self-organizing maps (SOM). Materials and Methods This is a secondary analysis of the TORRACTO study: a multicenter, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial to evaluate the effects of T/O (2.5/5 and 5/5 μg) compared with placebo after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment in patients with COPD. In the current study, we used endurance time, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), inspiratory capacity (IC) at rest and IC at isotime (ICiso) to identify clusters by means of SOM in patients treated with T/O. Results Six clusters with distinct response profiles were generated at week 12 in COPD patients receiving T/O (n = 268). Patients in cluster 1 improved significantly on all outcomes, whilst cluster 5 showed strong improvement in endurance time (357s); contrarily, FEV1, FVC, ICrest and ICiso decreased when compared to baseline. Conclusion Individual responses on endurance time and pulmonary function after 12 weeks of T/O are heterogeneous. This study identified clusters in COPD patients with markedly different multidimensional response on LABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Posthuma
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lowie E G W Vanfleteren
- COPD Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anouk W Vaes
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Frits M E Franssen
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO+, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, the Netherlands
- NUTRIM, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Martín-Ontiyuelo C, Rodó-Pin A, Echeverría-Esnal D, Admetlló M, Duran-Jordà X, Alvarado M, Gea J, Barreiro E, Rodríguez-Chiaradía DA. Intravenous Iron Replacement Improves Exercise Tolerance in COPD: A Single-Blind Randomized Trial. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58:689-698. [PMID: 35312562 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron deficiency affects exercise capacity because of the critical role iron plays in the optimal functioning of skeletal muscle metabolism. We hypothesized that intravenous iron may improve exercise tolerance, quality of life (QoL), and daily physical activity (DPA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS This was a placebo-controlled, single-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial. Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin level<100ng/mL or a ferritin level between 100 and 299ng/mL with a transferrin saturation<20%, with or without mild anaemia. Patients were randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive intravenous ferric carboxymaltose or placebo. The primary objective was to investigate whether intravenous iron replacement improved endurance time from baseline by at least 33%. The secondary objectives were to evaluate impact on QoL using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and on DPA by accelerometry. RESULTS We included 66 patients, 44 (66.7%) in the intervention group and 22 (33.3%) in the placebo group. Among patients receiving ferric carboxymaltose, 23 (52.3%) achieved the primary endpoint compared to 4 (18.2%) in the placebo group [p=0.009; relative risk 3.12, (95% CI, 1.19-8.12)]. CAT score decreased -3 (-6.0-1.3) points from baseline in the intervention group (p=0.007), in contrast to placebo group [-1 (-4.0-2.3) points, p=0.236] with no differences in DPA and adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Iron replacement improved exercise capacity and QoL in stable COPD patients with iron deficiency. The treatment was well tolerated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2016-001238-89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martín-Ontiyuelo
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos-III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rodó-Pin
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Echeverría-Esnal
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar (Parc de Salut Mar), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Admetlló
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran-Jordà
- Methodology & Biostatistics Support Unit, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariela Alvarado
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos-III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos-III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego A Rodríguez-Chiaradía
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Hospital del Mar-IMIM (Parc de Salut Mar), Health and Experimental Sciences Department (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos-III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain.
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Danzo F, Radovanovic D, Gatti M, Saad M, Perotto L, Franceschi E, Santus P. A reappraisal of inspiratory capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical correlates and role of long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting β2 agonists. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:623-635. [PMID: 35722753 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), static and dynamic hyperinflation, together with expiratory flow limitation and gas exchange abnormalities, is one of the major causes of dyspnea, decreased exercise performance and ventilatory failure. An increase in functional residual capacity (FRC) is accompanied by a decrease in inspiratory capacity (IC), which is a volume readily available, repeatable, and simple to measure with any spirometer. Changes in IC and FRC after bronchodilation, contrary to changes in FEV1, have been closely associated with improvements in dyspnea and exercise performance. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase databases for clinical trials that assessed the effects of dual bronchodilation on inspiratory capacity in patients with COPD. AREAS COVERED Despite their pivotal role in COPD, IC and static volumes have rarely been considered as primary outcomes in randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of bronchodilators. Available studies on dual bronchodilation have shown a significant and persistent positive impact on IC focusing mainly on patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, whereas dynamic hyperinflation is also present at milder disease stages. EXPERT OPINION This narrative review discusses the pathophysiological and clinical importance of measuring IC in patients with COPD and how IC can be modified by maximizing bronchodilation combining long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting β2 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiammetta Danzo
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Dejan Radovanovic
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Gatti
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Saad
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Perotto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Franceschi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milano, Italy
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7
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Spielmanns M, Schildge S, Diedrich JP, Valipour A. Therapeutic Success in Swiss COPD Patients Receiving Dual Bronchodilation Therapy as COPD Maintenance Treatment. Clin Pract 2022; 12:46-56. [PMID: 35076494 PMCID: PMC8788262 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often reduced by high symptom burden and frequent exacerbations. So far, data on therapeutic success in Swiss COPD patients receiving dual bronchodilation therapy as COPD maintenance treatment are limited. Data from a recently published, non-interventional study on clinical benefit after the start of combined tiotropium-olodaterol treatment were analyzed focusing on Swiss patients compared to the overall cohort including patients from various European countries. Demographic data on the changes in Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) for the assessment of HRQoL in correlation to symptoms and the number of exacerbations, as well as physician's global assessment (PGE), were evaluated 6 weeks after treatment start. In Switzerland (n = 61), significantly more patients had comorbidities and exacerbations but showed less symptoms compared to the overall cohort (n = 4639). HRQoL improved in both cohorts, with a negative correlation to symptom burden and number of exacerbations in the overall cohort. PGE scores improved after 6 weeks with a better general condition at baseline in Swiss patients (PGE score 4/5: 68.9% [Swiss cohort] vs. 49.0% [overall cohort]. Despite significant differences regarding the presence of symptoms and exacerbations, therapeutic success was similar in both patient groups. Highly symptomatic patients benefited mostly from tiotropium-olodaterol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Spielmanns
- Pulmonary Medicine, Zuercher RehaZentren Klinik Wald, 8636 Wald, Switzerland
- Department of Pneumology, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schildge
- Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Jens Peter Diedrich
- Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (S.S.); (J.P.D.)
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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Miravitlles M, García-Rivero JL, Ribera X, Galera J, García A, Palomino R, Pomares X. Exercise capacity and physical activity in COPD patients treated with a LAMA/LABA combination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Res 2022; 23:347. [PMID: 36522735 PMCID: PMC9753337 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent airflow limitation and dyspnoea may reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients exercise capacity and physical activity, undermining their physical status and quality of life. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists and long-acting beta-2 agonists (LAMA/LABA) combinations are amongst moderate-to-severe COPD recommended treatments. This article analyses LAMA/LABA combinations effect on COPD patients exercise capacity and physical activity outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials comparing LAMA/LABA combinations against monotherapy or placebo was conducted. RESULTS Seventeen articles were identified (N = 4041 patients). In endurance shuttle walk test and constant work rate cycle ergometry, LAMA/LABA combinations obtained better results than placebo, but not monotherapy, whereas in 6-min walking test, results favoured LAMA/LABA over monotherapy (four studies), but not over placebo (one study). Moreover, LAMA/LABA combinations obtained better results than placebo in number of steps per day, reduction in percentage of inactive patients and daily activity-related energy expenditure, and better than monotherapy when measuring time spent on ≥ 1.0-1.5, ≥ 2.0 and ≥ 3.0 metabolic equivalents of task activities. CONCLUSIONS LAMA/LABA combinations in COPD patients provided better results than monotherapy or placebo in most exercise capacity and physical activity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronVall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Pg. Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Luís García-Rivero
- grid.411325.00000 0001 0627 4262Pneumology Department, President of ACINAR, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Xavier Ribera
- grid.488221.50000 0004 0544 6204Boehringer Ingelheim España S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Pomares
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Pneumology Department, Hospital de Sabadell, Hospital Universitari Parc TaulíInstitut Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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9
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Casaburi R, Merrill D, Dolmage TE, Garcia-Aymerich J, Fageras M, Goldstein R, Harding G, Kline Leidy N, Maltais F, O’Donnell D, Porszasz J, Puente-Maestu L, Rennard S, Sciurba F, Spruit MA, Tal-Singer R, Tetzlaff K, van ’t Hul A, Yu R, Hamilton A. Endurance Time During Constant Work Rate Cycle Ergometry in COPD: Development of an Integrated Database From Interventional Studies. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES (MIAMI, FLA.) 2022; 9:520-537. [PMID: 36066494 PMCID: PMC9718584 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The COPD Biomarkers Qualification Consortium (CBQC) was formed under COPD Foundation management, with the goal of qualifying biomarkers and clinical outcome assessments through established regulatory processes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Within CBQC, a working group evaluated opportunities for qualification of an exercise endurance measure. In a recent publication (Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9[2]:252-265), we described a conceptual framework establishing exercise endurance's direct relationship to an individual with COPD's experience of physical functioning in daily life, and that increase in exercise endurance is a patient-centered, meaningful treatment benefit. We further proposed endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometery (CWRCE) as a useful efficacy endpoint in clinical therapeutic intervention trials. In this current publication, we describe the process of assembling an integrated database of endurance time responses to interventions in COPD. Methods We sought participant-level data from published studies incorporating CWRCE as an outcome measure. A literature search screened 2993 publications and identified 553 studies for assessment. Two interventions had sufficient data across studies to warrant data extraction: bronchodilators and rehabilitative exercise training. Investigators were contacted and requested to provide participant-by-participant data from their published studies. Results The final dataset included data from 8 bronchodilator studies (2166) participants and 15 exercise training studies (3488 participants). The database includes 71 variables per participant, comprising demographic, pulmonary function, and detailed physiologic response data. This paper provides a detailed description of the analysis population, while analysis supporting the validation/qualification process and addressing other scientific questions will be described in subsequent publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | | | - Thomas E. Dolmage
- Respiratory Diagnostic and Evaluation Services and Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Malin Fageras
- Biopharmaceuticals, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Roger Goldstein
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Denis O’Donnell
- Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janos Porszasz
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Luis Puente-Maestu
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Universidad, Madrid, Spain,Complutense de Madrid-Medical School, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen Rennard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Frank Sciurba
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Martijn A. Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Kay Tetzlaff
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany,Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex van ’t Hul
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ren Yu
- Evidera, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Tufvesson E, Radner F, Simonsen A, Papapostolou G, Jarenbäck L, Jönsson S, Nihlen U, Tunsäter A, Ankerst J, Peterson S, Bjermer L, Eriksson G. A new protocol for exercise testing in COPD; improved prediction algorithm for WMAX and validation of the endurance test in a placebo-controlled double bronchodilator study. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:17534666211037454. [PMID: 34590519 PMCID: PMC8488527 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211037454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Two new protocols have been developed for bicycle exercise testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with an individualized cardiopulmonary exercise test (ICPET) and subsequent customized endurance test (CET), which generate less interindividual spread in endurance time compared with the standard endurance test. Main objectives of this study were to improve the prediction algorithm for WMAX for the ICPET and validate the CET by examining treatment effects on exercise performance of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) compared with placebo. Methods: COPD patients, with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 40–80% predicted, were recruited. Pooled baseline data from two previous studies (n = 38) were used for the development of an improved WMAX prediction algorithm. Additional COPD patients (n = 14) were recruited and performed the ICPET, using the new prediction formula at visit 1. Prior to the CET at visits 2 and 3, they were randomized to a single dose of IND/GLY (110/50 µg) or placebo. Results: The improved multiple regression algorithm for WMAX includes diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), FEV1, sex, age and height and correlated to measured WMAX (R2 = 0.89 and slope = 0.89). Treatment with IND/GLY showed improvement in endurance time versus placebo, mean 113 s [95% confidence interval (CI): 6–220], p = 0.037, with more prominent effect in patients with FEV1 < 70% predicted. Conclusion: The two new protocols for ICPET (including the new improved algorithm) and CET were retested with consistent results. In addition, the CET showed a significant and clinically relevant prolongation of endurance time for IND/GLY versus placebo in a small number of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Tufvesson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Finn Radner
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anton Simonsen
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Georgia Papapostolou
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linnea Jarenbäck
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saga Jönsson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Nihlen
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alf Tunsäter
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaro Ankerst
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Leif Bjermer
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Eriksson
- Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Targeting exertional breathlessness to improve physical activity: the role of primary care. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2021; 31:41. [PMID: 34504091 PMCID: PMC8429707 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By working together with patients to target exertional breathlessness and increase physical activity, PCPs have an important role to play, early in the disease course, in improving patient outcomes in both the short and long term. In this article, we consider how physical activity affects disease progression from the PCP perspective. We discuss the role of pharmacological therapy, the importance of an holistic approach and the role of PCPs in assessing and promoting physical activity. The complexity and heterogeneity of COPD make it a challenging disease to treat. Patients' avoidance of activity, and subsequent decline in capacity to perform it, further impacts the management of the disease. Improving patient tolerance of physical activity, increasing participation in daily activities and helping patients to remain active are clear goals of COPD management. These may require an holistic approach to management, including pulmonary rehabilitation and psychological programmes in parallel with bronchodilation therapy, in order to address both physiological and behavioural factors. PCPs have an important role to optimise therapy, set goals and communicate the importance of maintaining physical activity to their patients. In addition, optimal treatment that addresses activity-related breathlessness can help prevent the downward spiral of inactivity and get patients moving again, to improve their overall health and long-term prognosis.
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12
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Spielmanns M, Tamm M, Schildge S, Valipour A. Swiss Experience in Therapy With Dual Bronchodilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Relation to Self-Reported Physical Functionality. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:392-402. [PMID: 34394782 PMCID: PMC8336944 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually includes inhaled dual bronchodilation leading not only to an improvement in symptoms but also to an increase in physical performance. However, it remains unknown whether responder rates to dual bronchodilation differ between the Swiss subgroup in comparison to participants of other European countries. Methods The non-interventional OTIVACTO trial investigated changes in self-reported physical functioning in COPD patients treated with tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 µg fixed dose combination for 6 weeks. The cut-off between responder and non-responder was defined as a minimum increase of 10 points using the 10-question physical functioning questionnaire (PF-10) score. We searched for patterns of the responder patient group and compared the results of the whole dataset with the subgroup of Swiss participants. Results Compared to the total cohort (n = 7,608), the Swiss participants (n = 94) were predominantly > 65 years of age and had significantly more comorbidities. There were no significant differences according to COPD stage, smoking status, exacerbation rate in the last 12 months and modified Medical Research Council questionnaire (mMRC) score between the total cohort and the Swiss collective. There were no significant differences between the Swiss subgroup and the total cohort with regard to response to the medication in the PF-10 score. In the intragroup comparison, patients with high mMRC score showed significantly higher values in the PF-10 in both groups. The number of exacerbations had no influence on the PF-10 score in the Swiss subgroup but in the total cohort. Conclusion In terms of age and number of comorbidities, significant differences were found between the overall patient population and the Swiss participants, having no influence on the success of the medication. The patients suffering from increased dyspnea benefited most from tiotropium/olodaterol treatment (Clinical Trials Registry NCT02720757).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Spielmanns
- Pulmonary Medicine, Zuercher RehaZentren Klinik Wald, Switzerland.,Faculty of Health, Department of Pneumology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Michael Tamm
- Lung Centre/Pneumology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Gillissen A, Marseille A, Skowasch D, Ritz J, Mattiucci-Guehlke M, Pabst S, Greulich T, Koczulla R. Health and functional status of tiotropium/olodaterol-treated patients with COPD: results from the AERIAL® non-interventional study. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00004-2021. [PMID: 34513983 PMCID: PMC8419313 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00004-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with COPD often have reduced physical activity, which can impair health status. Real-world data can provide valuable information on the health and functional status of patients with COPD treated with tiotropium/olodaterol. AERIAL® (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03165045) was a German, non-interventional study of patients with COPD receiving treatment with tiotropium/olodaterol under real-world conditions for ∼6 weeks. The primary end-point was the proportion of patients achieving a decrease of ≥0.4 points in Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) score. The CCQ-4 subdomain was used to assess functional status, and the Physician's Global Evaluation (PGE) scale was used to assess the patients' general condition. Safety was assessed, as well as patient satisfaction and willingness to continue treatment. Out of 1351 screened patients, 1322 were treated and 1140 comprised the full analysis set. The primary end-point was met: 66.3% of patients achieved a ≥0.4-point decrease in overall CCQ score (mean±sd decrease 0.78±0.95). Mean±sd decreases in CCQ symptoms and functional state subdomains were 0.84±1.06 and 0.75±1.05 points, respectively. PGE scores improved. One fatality (not treatment-related) and 23 drug-related adverse events were recorded, most commonly nausea and vertigo. >85% of patients were satisfied/very satisfied with tiotropium/olodaterol overall and with the Respimat® device, both in terms of inhalation and handling. Most patients (95.2%) expressed willingness to continue treatment. Patients with COPD treated with tiotropium/olodaterol via Respimat® in routine clinical practice had clinically relevant improvements in health and functional status compared with baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gillissen
- Medizinische Klinik III, Dept of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Klinikum am Steinenberg/Ermstalklinik, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Marseille
- HP Country Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Dept of Internal Medicine II – Pneumology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John Ritz
- Biostatistics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Muriel Mattiucci-Guehlke
- HP Country Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Timm Greulich
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Marburg, Germany
- PneumoPraxis-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rembert Koczulla
- Institute for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Research, Schoen Clinic Berchtesgadener Land, Teaching Hospital of Philipps University of Marburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Maltais F, O'Donnell DE, Hamilton A, Zhao Y, Casaburi R. Comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycling and the endurance shuttle walking test in COPD: the TORRACTO ® clinical trial. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 14:1753466620926858. [PMID: 32482147 PMCID: PMC7268161 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620926858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise tolerance is an important endpoint in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical trials. Little is known about the comparative measurement properties of constant work rate cycle ergometry (CWRCE) and the endurance shuttle walking test (ESWT). The objective of this sub-analysis of the TORRACTO® study was to directly compare the endurance measurement properties of CWRCE and ESWT in patients with COPD in a multicentre, multinational setting. We predicted that both tests would be similarly reliable, but that the ESWT would be more responsive to bronchodilation than CWRCE. Methods: This analysis included 151 patients who performed CWRCE and ESWT at baseline and week 6 after receiving once-daily placebo, tiotropium/olodaterol (T/O) 2.5/5 μg or T/O 5/5 μg. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing their respective performance at baseline and week 6 in the placebo group. Responsiveness to bronchodilation was assessed by comparing endurance time at week 6 with T/O with baseline values and placebo. The locus of symptom limitation and end-exercise Borg scales for breathing and leg discomfort for both tests were also analysed. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for CWRCE and ESWT were 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.71] and 0.75 (95% CI 0.63–0.84). More patients were limited by breathing discomfort during the ESWT than during CWRCE, whereas more patients were limited by leg discomfort or breathing/leg discomfort during CWRCE than the ESWT (p <0.0001). Both tests were responsive to bronchodilator treatment: there was a 19% increase in endurance time from baseline at week 6 (p = 0.0006) assessed with CWRCE, and a 20% increase in endurance time assessed with ESWT (p = 0.0013). Conclusions: Both exercise tests performed well in a multicentre clinical trial. Although the locus of symptom limitation differed between the two tests, both were reliable and responsive to bronchodilation. For future clinical trials, the choice of test should depend on the study requirements. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01525615. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Maltais
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Hamilton
- Medical Department, Boehringer Ingelheim, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Yihua Zhao
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trial Centre, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbour-UCLA Medical Centre, Torrance, CA, USA
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15
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Criner G, Duffy S. Reducing and managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations with tiotropium + olodaterol. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:275-284. [PMID: 33095662 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1841615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review clinical evidence supporting the use of fixed-dose combination of tiotropium and olodaterol, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), respectively, as the initial and follow-up treatment choice in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as per Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020 recommendations-the impact of this treatment strategy on the reduction in the risk of exacerbations-and the importance of early therapeutic interventions. METHODS For this narrative review, the available literature was searched to identify studies including patients with COPD receiving tiotropium and olodaterol as either monotherapy or combination therapy and studies including patients with COPD receiving inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in addition to long-acting bronchodilators. Relevant studies were included in the review. RESULTS Patients with COPD are often prescribed ICS therapy, which, when used over a long term, can be associated with local and systemic adverse effects. The GOLD 2020 report recommends dual bronchodilator therapy as both an initial and follow-up treatment option. A LABA + LAMA combination is mechanistically synergistic, and cumulative evidence surrounding the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose combination of tiotropium and olodaterol supports therapeutic advantages over monotherapy in most patients with COPD. CONCLUSIONS The early stages of COPD may represent a "window of therapeutic opportunity" during which initiation of tiotropium and olodaterol dual bronchodilator therapy may improve lung function and quality of life and reduce exacerbations in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Duffy
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Effects of Tiotropium/Olodaterol on Activity-Related Breathlessness, Exercise Endurance and Physical Activity in Patients with COPD: Narrative Review with Meta-/Pooled Analyses. Adv Ther 2021; 38:835-853. [PMID: 33306188 PMCID: PMC7889690 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract One of the most debilitating symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is breathlessness, which leads to avoidance of physical activities in daily living and hastens clinical deterioration. Treatment of patients with COPD with inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) combination therapy improves airflow limitation, reduces breathlessness compared with LAMA or LABA monotherapies, and improves health status and quality of life. A large clinical trial programme focusing on the effects of tiotropium/olodaterol combination therapy demonstrated that this LAMA/LABA combination improves lung function and reduces hyperinflation (assessed by serial inspiratory capacity measurements) compared with either tiotropium alone or placebo in patients with COPD. Tiotropium/olodaterol also increases exercise endurance capacity and improves patient perception of the intensity of breathlessness compared with placebo. In this narrative review, we focus on the relationship between improving symptoms during activity, the ability to remain active in daily life and how this may impact quality of life. We consider the benefits of therapy optimisation by means of dual bronchodilation with tiotropium/olodaterol, and present new data from meta-analyses/pooled analyses showing that tiotropium/olodaterol improves inspiratory capacity compared with placebo and tiotropium and improves exercise endurance time compared with placebo after 6 weeks of treatment. We also discuss the importance of taking a holistic approach to improving physical activity, including pulmonary rehabilitation and exercise programmes in parallel with bronchodilator therapy and psychological programmes to support behaviour change. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Molina París J, Alonso Hernández PM, Díez García JA, Gonzalez Uribe-Etxebarria I, Yelo García J, Galera Llorca J, Aguilar H, Ribera X. Assessment of physical functioning in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring long-acting dual bronchodilation in routine clinical practice. Semergen 2020; 47:295-304. [PMID: 33359383 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to determine the effect of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of tiotropium/olodaterol on Physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a real world setting. METHODS COPD patients were prospectively enrolled to evaluate the effect of a FDC of tiotropium/olodaterol inhaler therapy via the Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler (SMI) on the physical functioning scale (PF-10), and the general condition of the patient as assessed by the physician (Physician's Global Evaluation, PGE), and the patient's satisfaction after 6 weeks of treatment. The primary end-point was the percentage of patients with therapeutic success at 6th week follow-up, defined as a ≥10-points increase in the standardised PF-10 score from baseline. RESULTS A total of 257 patients from 57 sites were enrolled, and 234 completed the follow up. After 6 weeks of treatment, 155 out of 234 patients (66.2%) showed therapeutic success in the physical functioning score, coupled with significant improvement in PGE score: 78 (33.3%) patients with good/excellent PGE score at baseline, increasing to 172 (73.5%) at 6th week (p<0.0001). The patient's satisfaction was excellent: 77.2% reporting to be satisfied/very satisfied with the treatment, 79.9% with inhaling and 79.0% with the handling of SMI device. 1.6% of patients reported an investigator-defined drug-related adverse event. CONCLUSION Treatment of COPD patients with a FDC of tiotropium/olodaterol SMI for 6 weeks resulted in significant improvements in the patients' condition as assessed by patients and physicians, with no new safety findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H Aguilar
- Boehringer Ingelheim España, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X Ribera
- Boehringer Ingelheim España, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
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Dean J, Panainte C, Khan N, Singh D. The TRIFLOW study: a randomised, cross-over study evaluating the effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium on gas trapping in COPD. Respir Res 2020; 21:323. [PMID: 33298062 PMCID: PMC7727250 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of triple therapy on gas trapping in COPD are not fully understood. We evaluated the effects of the long acting bronchodilator components of the extrafine single inhaler triple therapy beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol/glycopyrronium (BDP/F/G) pMDI on gas trapping. Methods This open-label, randomised, single centre, 2-way cross-over study recruited 23 COPD patients taking inhaled corticosteroid combination treatments and with residual volume (RV) > 120% predicted at screening. Inhaled BDP was taken during run-in and washout periods. Baseline lung function (spirometry, lung volumes, oscillometry) was measured over 12 h prior to randomisation to BDP/F/G or BDP/F for 5 days followed by washout and crossover. Lung function was measured prior to dosing on day 1 and for 12 h post-dose on day 5. Results Co-primary endpoint analysis: BDP/F/G had a greater effect than BDP/F on FEV1 area under the curve over 12 h (AUC0–12) (mean difference 104 mls, p = 0.0071) and RV AUC0–12 (mean difference − 163 mls, p = 0.0028). Oscillometry measurements showed a greater effect of BDP/F/G on the difference between resistance at 5 and 20 Hz (R5–R20) AUC0–12, which measures small airway resistance (mean difference − 0.045 kPa/L/s, p = 0.0002). Comparison of BDP/F with the baseline measurements (BDP alone) showed that F increased FEV1 AUC0–12 (mean difference 227 mls) and improved RV AUC0–12 (mean difference − 558 mls) and R5–R20 AUC0–12 (mean difference − 0.117 kPa/L/s), all p < 0.0001. Conclusions In COPD patients with hyperinflation, the G and F components of extrafine BDP/F/G improved FEV1, RV and small airway function. These long acting bronchodilators target small airway function, thereby improving gas trapping and airflow. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 15th February 2019 (No.: NCT03842904, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03842904).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dean
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
| | | | - Naimat Khan
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.,Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Andreas S, Bothner U, de la Hoz A, Kloer I, Trampisch M, Alter P. A Post Hoc Holter ECG Analysis of Olodaterol and Formoterol in Moderate-to-Very-Severe COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1955-1965. [PMID: 32848381 PMCID: PMC7428408 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s246353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias and elevated heart rate. A theoretical mechanistic association based on the interaction of long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) with adrenoreceptors in the heart and vasculature is assumed as a potential class-related risk. Therefore, we performed a pooled analysis of Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) data from four 48-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, Phase III clinical trials evaluating olodaterol (5 μg or 10 μg) or formoterol (12 µg) versus placebo. Methods We analyzed Holter ECG data from a representative subset of 775 patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 2–4 COPD from four studies (1222.11–14) assessing olodaterol (5 μg and 10 μg) and formoterol (12 µg) versus placebo. Results No statistically significant (P>0.3) or clinically relevant differences in the shift from baseline of premature supraventricular or ventricular beats were observed among the active treatment and the placebo groups. Minor and transient differences were observed in the adjusted mean heart rate from baseline during treatment in all groups. There was a numerically small but statistically significant increase for formoterol at Week 24, olodaterol 5 μg at Weeks 12 and 40, and olodaterol 10 μg at Week 40 (all less than 3.0 beats per minute). Mean heart rates returned to a statistically non-significant change at Week 48 for all treatment groups. No increase in major adverse cardiovascular events was observed. Conclusion Treatment with olodaterol or formoterol is not associated with arrhythmias or a persistent increase in heart rate as assessed by Holter ECG in patients with COPD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00782210 (1222.11); NCT00782509 (1222.12); NCT00793624 (1222.13); NCT00796653 (1222.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Andreas
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,LungClinic Immenhausen, Immenhausen, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Ulrich Bothner
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alberto de la Hoz
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Isabel Kloer
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Peter Alter
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg (UMR), Marburg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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20
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Anzueto A, Miravitlles M. Tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - a review of clinical development. Respir Res 2020; 21:199. [PMID: 32727455 PMCID: PMC7389564 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchodilators are the mainstay of pharmacological treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) monotherapy is recommended as initial treatment for Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) groups B, C, and D. Main body Tiotropium bromide was the first LAMA available for COPD in clinical practice and, because of its long duration of action, is administered once daily. Tiotropium was initially available as an inhalation powder delivered via a dry-powder inhaler (DPI). Later, tiotropium also became available as an inhalation spray delivered via a soft mist inhaler (SMI). The SMI was designed to overcome or minimize some of the issues associated with other inhaler types (eg, the need for strong inspiratory airflow with DPIs). Results of short- and long-term randomized, controlled clinical trials of tiotropium in patients with COPD indicated tiotropium was safe and significantly improved lung function, health-related quality of life, and exercise endurance, and reduced dyspnea, lung hyperinflation, exacerbations, and use of rescue medication compared with placebo or active comparators. These positive efficacy findings triggered the evaluation of tiotropium in fixed-dose combination with olodaterol (a long-acting β2-agonist). In this review, we provide an overview of studies of tiotropium for the treatment of COPD, with a focus on pivotal studies. Conclusion Tiotropium is safe and efficacious as a long-term, once-daily LAMA for the maintenance treatment of COPD and for reducing COPD exacerbations. The SMI generates a low-velocity, long-duration aerosol spray with a high fine-particle fraction, which results in marked lung drug deposition. In addition, high inspiratory flow rates are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Anzueto
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, University of Texas Health, and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitary Vall d'Hebron/Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Carone M, Pennisi A, D'Amato M, Donati AF, Ricci A, Scognamillo C, Chun L, Aliani M, Ronsivalle V, Pelaia G. Physical Functioning in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treated with Tiotropium/Olodaterol Respimat in Routine Clinical Practice in Italy. Pulm Ther 2020; 6:261-274. [PMID: 32557394 PMCID: PMC7672142 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-020-00122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical studies have shown significant improvements in exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are treated with a tiotropium/olodaterol fixed-dose combination (FDC). However, the effects of this treatment, which is administered in a single device, on physical functioning in a real-life setting of patients with COPD had not been fully determined. Methods An open-label, observational study was conducted in 309 patients with COPD from 29 sites across Italy who received tiotropium/olodaterol FDC for 6 weeks. Physical functioning was evaluated using the Physical Functioning Questionnaire (PF-10). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with therapeutic success, defined as a ten-point increase in the PF-10 score from the baseline visit. Secondary endpoints were absolute changes in PF-10 score from baseline visit, the patient’s general condition assessed by the Physician’s Global Evaluation (PGE) score, and patient satisfaction with treatment, inhaling and handling of the device. Results According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) multimodality assessment, most patients were allocated to groups B (44.4%) and D (24.5%). Comorbidities were present in 73.9% of the patients. The primary endpoint was reached in more than half of the patients (52.5%), especially in groups B and D of GOLD. Patients’ satisfaction with treatment, inhaling and handling of device was high, with a range of more than 86% to more than 89%, and very high in both groups B and D. The rates of drug-related adverse events were very low. Conclusions This real-life study showed that the tiotropium/olodaterol FDC treatment delivered via the Respimat device improves physical functioning and general patients’ condition and is associated with a high degree of satisfaction and very low rates of drug-related adverse events, regardless of the group they belong to and their comorbidities. Clinical Trial ID NCT03003494. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s41030-020-00122-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Carone
- Division of Pneumology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri, 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alfio Pennisi
- Department of Pneumology, Casa Di Cura Mons. Calaciuria, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Ricci
- Department of Pneumology, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Li Chun
- Boehringer-Ingelheim, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Maria Aliani
- Division of Pneumology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Salvatore Maugeri, 4, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Scienze Mediche E Chirurgiche, Università "Magna Grecia", Catanzaro, Italy
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22
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Boutou AK, Zafeiridis A, Pitsiou G, Dipla K, Kioumis I, Stanopoulos I. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: An update on its clinical value and applications. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 40:197-206. [PMID: 32176429 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a debilitating disorder, characterized by airflow limitation, exercise impairment, reduced functional capacity and significant systemic comorbidity, which complicates the course of the disease. The critical inspiratory constraint to tidal volume expansion during exercise (that may be further complicated by the presence of dynamic hyperinflation), abnormalities in oxygen transportation and gas exchange abnormalities are the major pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in COPD patients, and thus, exercise testing has been traditionally used for the functional evaluation of these patients. Compared to various laboratory and field exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a thorough assessment of exercise physiology, involving the integrative respiratory, cardiovascular, muscle and metabolic responses to exercise. This review highlights the clinical utility of CPET in COPD patients, as it provides important information for the determination of the major factors that limit exercise among patients with several comorbidities, allows the assessment of the severity of dynamic hyperinflation, provides valuable prognostic information and can be used to evaluate the response to several therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi K Boutou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antreas Zafeiridis
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Georgia Pitsiou
- Respiratory Failure Department, "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kioumis
- Respiratory Failure Department, "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stanopoulos
- Respiratory Failure Department, "G. Papanikolaou" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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Valipour A, Tamm M, Kociánová J, Bayer V, Sanzharovskaya M, Medvedchikov A, Haaksma-Herczegh M, Mucsi J, Fridlender Z, Toma C, Belevskiy A, Matula B, Šorli J. Improvement In Self-Reported Physical Functioning With Tiotropium/Olodaterol In Central And Eastern European COPD Patients. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2343-2354. [PMID: 31632003 PMCID: PMC6793952 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s204388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced physical activity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD. Studies suggest that treatment with the long-acting muscarinic antagonist tiotropium and the long-acting β2-agonist olodaterol increases exercise capacity. This study assessed the effects of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of tiotropium/olodaterol (delivered via Respimat®) on physical functioning in patients with stable COPD in a “real-world setting”. Methods An international, open-label, single-arm, non-interventional study conducted in nine countries measuring changes in self-reported physical functioning in COPD patients treated with tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg FDC for approximately 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was therapeutic success, defined as a minimum 10-point increase in the 10-question Physical Functioning Questionnaire (PF-10) score. Secondary endpoints included absolute change in PF-10 from Visit 1 to Visit 2, patient general condition (measured by Physician’s Global Evaluation score) and patient satisfaction with the treatment and device (assessed by Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire at the end of the study period). Results Therapeutic success was observed in 67.8% of 7218 patients (95% CI 66.7, 68.8) in the final analysis set after approximately 6 weeks of treatment with tiotropium/olodaterol. Mean change in PF-10 score between Visit 1 and Visit 2 was 16.6 points (95% CI 16.2, 17.0). Therapeutic success was 64.3% (95% CI 63.0–65.6%) in patients with infrequent (≤1) and 76.1% (95% CI 74.3–77.9%) in patients with frequent (≥2) exacerbations (p<0.0001). Patient general condition improved as indicated by an improvement in Physician’s Global Evaluation scores between visits. Most patients were very satisfied or satisfied with tiotropium/olodaterol treatment in general (81%), reported inhalation satisfaction (85%), and satisfactory handling of the device (84%). 1.3% of patients reported an investigator-defined drug-related adverse event. Conclusion Treatment with tiotropium/olodaterol led to an improvement in self-reported physical functioning in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arschang Valipour
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Krankenhaus Nord - Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Tamm
- Lung Centre/Pneumology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Kociánová
- Pneumological Outpatient Department, MephaCentrum, a.s., Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Valentina Bayer
- Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | | | - Alexey Medvedchikov
- Medical Affairs Regional Center, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Zvi Fridlender
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Pneumology, Institute of Pneumatology "Marius Nasta", Bucharest, Romania.,Department Of Pneumology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrey Belevskiy
- Department of Pulmonology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Pletnev Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bohumil Matula
- Department of Functional Diagnostics, Specialized Hospital of Saint Zoerardus, Teaching Facility of the Slovak Medical University, Nitra, Slovakia
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24
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Abstract
Tiotropium/olodaterol (Stiolto® Respimat®; Spiolto® Respimat®) is an inhaled fixed-dose combination of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist tiotropium bromide (hereafter referred to as tiotropium) and the long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist olodaterol. It is available in several countries, including the USA, Japan, China and those of the EU, where it is indicated for the long-term maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The efficacy of tiotropium/olodaterol 5/5 μg/day in patients with COPD was evaluated in phase III or IV trials of 6-52 weeks' duration. Tiotropium/olodaterol improved lung function to a greater extent than each of its individual components or placebo in 12- and 52-week trials. In 6-week trials, tiotropium/olodaterol provided greater lung function benefits over 24 h than the individual components, placebo or twice-daily fluticasone propionate/salmeterol. Tiotropium/olodaterol also demonstrated beneficial effects on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), dyspnoea, inspiratory capacity, exercise endurance and the need for rescue medication. In an 8-week open-label trial, umeclidinium/vilanterol was superior to tiotropium/olodaterol for the primary endpoint of trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s. The tolerability profile of tiotropium/olodaterol was generally similar to that of the individual components. In conclusion, tiotropium/olodaterol provides a useful option for the maintenance treatment of COPD, with the convenience of once-daily administration via a single inhaler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A Blair
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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25
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Maqsood U, Ho TN, Palmer K, Eccles FJR, Munavvar M, Wang R, Crossingham I, Evans DJW. Once daily long-acting beta2-agonists and long-acting muscarinic antagonists in a combined inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 3:CD012930. [PMID: 30839102 PMCID: PMC6402279 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012930.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition causing accumulation of mucus in the airways, cough, and breathlessness; the disease is progressive and is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Current treatment strategies for COPD are multi-modal and aim to reduce morbidity and mortality and increase patients' quality of life by slowing disease progression and preventing exacerbations. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) plus a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) delivered via a single inhaler are approved by regulatory authorities in the USA, Europe, and Japan for the treatment of COPD. Several LABA/LAMA FDCs are available and recent meta-analyses have clarified their utility versus their mono-components in COPD. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of once-daily LABA/LAMA FDCs versus placebo will facilitate the comparison of different FDCs in future network meta-analyses. OBJECTIVES We assessed the evidence for once-daily LABA/LAMA combinations (delivered in a single inhaler) versus placebo on clinically meaningful outcomes in patients with stable COPD. SEARCH METHODS We identified trials from Cochrane Airways' Specialised Register (CASR) and also conducted a search of the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (apps.who.int/trialsearch). We searched CASR and trial registries from their inception to 3 December 2018; we imposed no restriction on language of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA We included parallel-group and cross-over randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing once-daily LABA/LAMA FDC versus placebo. We included studies reported as full-text, those published as abstract only, and unpublished data. We excluded very short-term trials with a duration of less than 3 weeks. We included adults (≥ 40 years old) with a diagnosis of stable COPD. We included studies that allowed participants to continue using their ICS during the trial as long as the ICS was not part of the randomised treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened the search results to determine included studies, extracted data on prespecified outcomes of interest, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; we resolved disagreements by discussion with a third review author. Where possible, we used a random-effects model to meta-analyse extracted data. We rated all outcomes using the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system and presented results in 'Summary of findings' tables. MAIN RESULTS We identified and included 22 RCTs randomly assigning 8641 people with COPD to either once-daily LABA/LAMA FDC (6252 participants) or placebo (3819 participants); nine studies had a cross-over design. Studies had a duration of between three and 52 weeks (median 12 weeks). The mean age of participants across the included studies ranged from 59 to 65 years and in 21 of 22 studies, participants had GOLD stage II or III COPD. Concomitant inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use was permitted in all of the included studies (where stated); across the included studies, between 28% to 58% of participants were using ICS at baseline. Six studies evaluated the once-daily combination of IND/GLY (110/50 μg), seven studies evaluated TIO/OLO (2.5/5 or 5/5 μg), eight studies evaluated UMEC/VI (62.5/5, 125/25 or 500/25 μg) and one study evaluated ACD/FOR (200/6, 200/12 or 200/18 μg); all LABA/LAMA combinations were compared with placebo.The risk of bias was generally considered to be low or unknown (insufficient detail provided), with only one study per domain considered to have a high risk of bias except for the domain 'other bias' which was determined to be at high risk of bias in four studies (in three studies, disease severity was greater at baseline in participants receiving LABA/LAMA compared with participants receiving placebo, which would be expected to shift the treatment effect in favour of placebo).Compared to the placebo, the pooled results for the primary outcomes for the once-daily LABA/LAMA arm were as follows: all-cause mortality, OR 1.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 4.36, low-certainty evidence); all-cause serious adverse events (SAEs), OR 1.06 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.28, high-certainty evidence); acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.78, moderate-certainty evidence); adjusted St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, MD -4.08 (95% CI -4.80 to -3.36, high-certainty evidence); proportion of SGRQ responders, OR 1.75 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.99). Compared with placebo, the pooled results for the secondary outcomes for the once-daily LABA/LAMA arm were as follows: adjusted trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), MD 0.20 L (95% CI 0.19 to 0.21, moderate-certainty evidence); adjusted peak FEV1, MD 0.31 L (95% CI 0.29 to 0.32, moderate-certainty evidence); and all-cause AEs, OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.04; high-certainty evidence). No studies reported data for the 6-minute walk test. The results were generally consistent across subgroups for different LABA/LAMA combinations and doses. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Compared with placebo, once-daily LABA/LAMA (either IND/GLY, UMEC/VI or TIO/OLO) via a combination inhaler is associated with a clinically significant improvement in lung function and health-related quality of life in patients with mild-to-moderate COPD; UMEC/VI appears to reduce the rate of exacerbations in this population. These conclusions are supported by moderate or high certainty evidence based on studies with an observation period of up to one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Maqsood
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Respiratory MedicineBirminghamUK
| | - Terence N Ho
- St. Joseph's HealthcareFirestone Institute for Respiratory HealthHamiltonOntarioCanada
- McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Karen Palmer
- Lancashire Care NHS Foundation TrustNIHR Lancashire CRFPrestonUK
| | | | - Mohammed Munavvar
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustDepartment of Respiratory MedicinePrestonUK
| | - Ran Wang
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustDepartment of Respiratory MedicinePrestonUK
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Derom E, Brusselle GG, Joos GF. The once-daily fixed-dose combination of olodaterol and tiotropium in the management of COPD: current evidence and future prospects. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019; 13:1753466619843426. [PMID: 31002020 PMCID: PMC6475840 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619843426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting bronchodilators are the cornerstone of pharmacologic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Spiolto® or Stiolto® is a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing two long-acting bronchodilators, the long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist tiotropium (TIO) and the long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist olodaterol (OLO), formulated in the Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler. A total of 13 large, multicentre studies of up to 52 weeks' duration have documented its efficacy in more than 15,000 patients with COPD. TIO/OLO 5/5 µg FDC significantly increases pulmonary function compared with placebo and its respective constituent mono-components TIO 5 µg and OLO 5 µg. TIO/OLO 5/5 µg also results in statistically and clinically significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes, such as dyspnoea, use of rescue medication, and health status. Addition of OLO 5 µg to TIO 5 µg reduces the rate of moderate-to-severe exacerbations by approximately 10%. Compared with placebo and TIO 5 µg, TIO/OLO 5/5 µg significantly improves exercise capacity (e.g. endurance time) and physical activity, the latter increase being reached by a unique combination behavioural modification intervention, dual bronchodilatation and exercise training. Overall, the likelihood for patients to experience a clinically significant benefit is higher with TIO/OLO 5/5 µg than with its constituent mono-components, which usually yield smaller improvements which do not always reach statistical significance, compared with baseline or placebo. This supports the early introduction of TIO/OLO 5/5 µg in the management of patients with symptomatic COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Derom
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ingang 12, Route 1404, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G. Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy F. Joos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Oba Y, Keeney E, Ghatehorde N, Dias S. Dual combination therapy versus long-acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD012620. [PMID: 30521694 PMCID: PMC6517098 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012620.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting bronchodilators such as long-acting β-agonist (LABA), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations have been used in people with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to control symptoms such as dyspnoea and cough, and prevent exacerbations. A number of LABA/LAMA combinations are now available for clinical use in COPD. However, it is not clear which group of above mentioned inhalers is most effective or if any specific formulation works better than the others within the same group or class. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of available formulations from four different groups of inhalers (i.e. LABA/LAMA combination, LABA/ICS combination, LAMA and LABA) in people with moderate to severe COPD. The review will update previous systematic reviews on dual combination inhalers and long-acting bronchodilators to answer the questions described above using the strength of a network meta-analysis (NMA). SEARCH METHODS We identified studies from the Cochrane Airways Specialised Register, which contains several databases. We also conducted a search of ClinicalTrials.gov and manufacturers' websites. The most recent searches were conducted on 6 April 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that recruited people aged 35 years or older with a diagnosis of COPD and a baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of less than 80% of predicted. We included studies of at least 12 weeks' duration including at least two active comparators from one of the four inhaler groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We conducted NMAs using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We considered a study as high risk if recruited participants had at least one COPD exacerbation within the 12 months before study entry and as low risk otherwise. Primary outcomes were COPD exacerbations (moderate to severe and severe), and secondary outcomes included symptom and quality-of-life scores, safety outcomes, and lung function. We collected data only for active comparators and did not consider placebo was not considered. We assumed a class/group effect when a fixed-class model fitted well. Otherwise we used a random-class model to assess intraclass/group differences. We supplemented the NMAs with pairwise meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS We included a total of 101,311 participants from 99 studies (26 studies with 32,265 participants in the high-risk population and 73 studies with 69,046 participants in the low-risk population) in our systematic review. The median duration of studies was 52 weeks in the high-risk population and 26 weeks in the low-risk population (range 12 to 156 for both populations). We considered the quality of included studies generally to be good.The NMAs suggested that the LABA/LAMA combination was the highest ranked treatment group to reduce COPD exacerbations followed by LAMA in the both populations.There is evidence that the LABA/LAMA combination decreases moderate to severe exacerbations compared to LABA/ICS combination, LAMA, and LABA in the high-risk population (network hazard ratios (HRs) 0.86 (95% credible interval (CrI) 0.76 to 0.99), 0.87 (95% CrI 0.78 to 0.99), and 0.70 (95% CrI 0.61 to 0.8) respectively), and that LAMA decreases moderate to severe exacerbations compared to LABA in the high- and low-risk populations (network HR 0.80 (95% CrI 0.71 to 0.88) and 0.87 (95% CrI 0.78 to 0.97), respectively). There is evidence that the LABA/LAMA combination reduces severe exacerbations compared to LABA/ICS combination and LABA in the high-risk population (network HR 0.78 (95% CrI 0.64 to 0.93) and 0.64 (95% CrI 0.51 to 0.81), respectively).There was a general trend towards a greater improvement in symptom and quality-of-life scores with the combination therapies compared to monotherapies, and the combination therapies were generally ranked higher than monotherapies.The LABA/ICS combination was the lowest ranked in pneumonia serious adverse events (SAEs) in both populations. There is evidence that the LABA/ICS combination increases the odds of pneumonia compared to LAMA/LABA combination, LAMA and LABA (network ORs: 1.69 (95% CrI 1.20 to 2.44), 1.78 (95% CrI 1.33 to 2.39), and 1.50 (95% CrI 1.17 to 1.92) in the high-risk population and network or pairwise OR: 2.33 (95% CI 1.03 to 5.26), 2.02 (95% CrI 1.16 to 3.72), and 1.93 (95% CrI 1.29 to 3.22) in the low-risk population respectively). There were significant overlaps in the rank statistics in the other safety outcomes including mortality, total, COPD, and cardiac SAEs, and dropouts due to adverse events.None of the differences in lung function met a minimal clinically important difference criterion except for LABA/LAMA combination versus LABA in the high-risk population (network mean difference 0.13 L (95% CrI 0.10 to 0.15). The results of pairwise meta-analyses generally agreed with those of the NMAs. There is no evidence to suggest intraclass/group differences except for lung function at 12 months in the high-risk population. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The LABA/LAMA combination was the highest ranked treatment group to reduce COPD exacerbations although there was some uncertainty in the results. LAMA containing inhalers may have an advantage over those without a LAMA for preventing COPD exacerbations based on the rank statistics. Combination therapies appear more effective than monotherapies for improving symptom and quality-of-life scores. ICS-containing inhalers are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia.Our most comprehensive review including intraclass/group comparisons, free combination therapies, 99 studies, and 20 outcomes for each high- and low-risk population summarises the current literature and could help with updating existing COPD guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Oba
- University of MissouriDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Edna Keeney
- University of BristolPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolBristolUK
| | - Namratta Ghatehorde
- University of MissouriDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Sofia Dias
- University of YorkCentre for Reviews and DisseminationHeslingtonYorkUKYO10 5DD
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Troosters T, Maltais F, Leidy N, Lavoie KL, Sedeno M, Janssens W, Garcia-Aymerich J, Erzen D, De Sousa D, Korducki L, Hamilton A, Bourbeau J. Effect of Bronchodilation, Exercise Training, and Behavior Modification on Symptoms and Physical Activity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1021-1032. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1288oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Troosters
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, and
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Kim L. Lavoie
- Montréal Behavioural Medicine Centre, Research Centre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l’Ile-de Montréal Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Québec at Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Sedeno
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wim Janssens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Respiratory Division, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damijan Erzen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dorothy De Sousa
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Burlington, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | - Alan Hamilton
- Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Burlington, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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