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Kong LS, Tao R, Li YF, Wang WB, Zhao X. METTL5 promotes cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by up-regulating Toll-like receptor 8 expression in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2006-2017. [PMID: 38764815 PMCID: PMC11099443 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification represents the predominant alteration found in eukaryotic messenger RNA and plays a crucial role in the progression of various tumors. However, despite its significance, the comprehensive investigation of METTL5, a key m6A methyltransferase, in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains limited. AIM To investigate the role of METTL5 in CRC. METHODS We assessed METTL5 expression levels in clinical samples obtained from CRC patients as well as in CRC cell lines. To elucidate the downstream targets of METTL5, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis coupled with correlation analysis, leading us to identify Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8) as a potential downstream target. In vitro functional assessments of METTL5 and TLR8 were conducted using CCK-8 assays, scratch assays, as well as assays measuring cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Our findings reveal a pronounced upregulation of METTL5 expression in both CRC cells and tissues, which correlated significantly with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro experiments unequivocally demonstrated the oncogenic role of METTL5, as evidenced by its promotion of CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Notably, we identified TLR8 as a downstream target of METTL5, and subsequent down-regulation of TLR8 led to a significant inhibition of CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth. CONCLUSION The heightened expression of METTL5 in CRC is strongly associated with clinicopathological features and a poor prognosis, thereby underscoring its potential utility as a critical marker for facilitating early diagnosis and prognostication in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shang Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, Anhui Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Scientific Research, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
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Luo S, Cai S, Zhao R, Xu L, Zhang X, Gong X, Zhang Z, Liu Q. Comparison of left- and right-sided colorectal cancer to explore prognostic signatures related to pyroptosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28091. [PMID: 38571659 PMCID: PMC10987941 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies, and pyroptosis exerts an immunoregulatory role in CRC. Although the location of the primary tumor is a prognostic factor for patients with CRC, the mechanisms of pyroptosis in left- and right-sided CRC remain unclear. Methods Expression and clinical data were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Differences in clinical characteristics, immune cell infiltration, and somatic mutations between left- and right-sided CRC were then compared. After screening for differentially expressed genes, Pearson correlation analysis was performed to select pyroptosis-related genes, followed by a gene set enrichment analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct and validate the prognostic model and nomogram for predicting prognosis. Collected left- and right-sided CRC samples were subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to validate the expression of key pyroptosis-related genes. Results Left- and right-sided CRC exhibited significant differences in clinical features and immune cell infiltration. Five prognostic signatures were identified from among 134 pyroptosis-related differentially expressed genes to construct a risk score-based prognostic model, and adverse outcomes for high-risk patients were further verified using an external cohort. A nomogram was also generated based on three independent prognostic factors to predict survival probabilities, while calibration curves confirmed the consistency between the predicted and actual survival. Experiment data confirmed the significant differential expression of five genes between left- and right-sided CRC. Conclusion The five identified pyroptosis-related gene signatures may be potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis in left- and right-sided CRC and may help improve the clinical outcomes of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibi Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Shenggang Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Xiaolei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ganmei Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (First People's Hospital of Kunming), Kunming, Yunnan, 650034, China
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Wu D, Wang G, Wen S, Liu X, He Q. ARID5A stabilizes Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and enhances CAR T cell exhaustion in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 42:101900. [PMID: 38316094 PMCID: PMC10862068 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy remains a significant challenge in the treatment of solid tumors. This resistance is attributed to various factors, including antigen loss, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and upregulated checkpoint molecules. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive enzyme that promotes immune escape in tumors. In this study, we investigated the role of ARID5A (AT-rich interactive domain 5A) in resistance to CAR-T cell therapy. Our findings revealed that ARID5A upregulation in tumor cells induces T cell exhaustion and immune evasion. Mechanistically, ARID5A plays a crucial role in resistance to CAR-T cell therapy by stabilizing IDO1 mRNA, leading to upregulation of IDO1 expression. Elevated IDO1 expression facilitates the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, which contributes to CAR-T cell exhaustion. Moreover, kynurenine accumulation within CAR-T cells activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), further exacerbating the exhaustion phenotype. Importantly, we demonstrated that targeting the ARID5A-IDO1-AhR axis using AhR or IDO1 inhibitors effectively alleviated T cell exhaustion induced by ARID5A. These findings suggest that modulating the ARID5A-IDO1-AhR axis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome CAR T-cell therapy resistance in solid tumors and enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | | | - Xian Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China; Jinzhou Medical University, China.
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Wang J, Yao G, Zhang B, Zhao Z, Fan Y. Interaction between miR‑206 and lncRNA MALAT1 in regulating viability and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:5. [PMID: 38028177 PMCID: PMC10665983 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strongly associated to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which presents a high potential for diagnosis and treatment; however, the role of miRNAs is still largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression and the biological role of miRNA (miR)-206 in the development of HCC, and to identify the underlying molecular mechanism. Results from this study show that miR-206 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. It was observed that low expression of miR-206 was linked to advanced TNM stage, tumor nodularity and venous infiltration in patients with HCC; low miR-206 expression was associated with shorter survival times. miR-206 overexpression using miR-206 mimics notably decreased the proliferative ability and increased apoptosis of MHCC97-H and HCCLM3 HCC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-206 suppressed invasiveness associated with reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, the c-Met oncogene, which is upregulated in HCC tissues, was negatively associated with the expression of miR-206. Notably, it was shown that miR-206 may exert its antitumor effect through suppressing c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling. Low expression of miR-206 was shown to be regulated by lncRNA MALAT1 in HCC. Collectively, this study presented evidence that miR-206 was controlled by lncRNA MALAT1 and partially suppressed the proliferation and invasion of HCC through the c-Met/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. According to these results, understanding MALAT1/miR-206-dependent regulation may lead to potential approaches for diagnosis and prospective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Beike Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Zerui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China
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5
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Bagheri R, Ghorbian M, Ghorbian S. Tumor circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 38:100787. [PMID: 38194840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CRC is a major global health concern and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths each year. The successful treatment of CRC becomes more difficult when it goes undetected until it has advanced to a later stage. Diagnostic biomarkers can play a critical role in the early detection of CRC, which leads to improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. It is important to develop reliable biomarkers for the early detection of CRC to enable timely diagnosis and treatment. To date, CRC detection methods such as endoscopy, blood, and stool tests are imperfect and often only identify cases in the later stages of the disease. To overcome these limitations, researchers are turning to molecular biomarkers as a promising avenue for improving CRC detection. Diagnostic information can be provided more reliably through a noninvasive approach using biomarkers such as mRNA, circulating cell-free DNA, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. These biomarkers can be found in blood, tissue, feces, and volatile organic compounds. The identification of molecular biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC that are safe, cost-effective, and easily measurable remains a significant challenge for researchers. In this article, we will explore the latest advancements in blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for CRC and their potential impact on improving patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raana Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghorbian
- Department of Computer Engineering, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
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Elarabany N, Hamad A, Alzamel NM. Antitumor and Phytochemical Properties of Ferula assa-foetida L. Oleo-Gum-Resin against HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro and in a Xenograft Mouse Model. Molecules 2023; 28:8012. [PMID: 38138502 PMCID: PMC10746072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors. Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin (OGR) extract is a traditional cooking spice known for its broad spectrum of biological activities such as antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the antitumor effect of OGR extract against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. The OGR chemical composition was analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS; MTT, clonogenic assays, and a xenograft model were used to measure cytotoxicity, while apoptotic proteins were detected using Western blotting. Phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract was a rich source of isoflavones, xanthones, and other derivatives. In a dose-dependent manner, the OGR extract significantly inhibited colony formation ability and HT-29 cell growth (IC50 was 3.60 ± 0.02 and 10.5 ± 0.1 mg/mL, respectively). On the other hand, the OGR extract significantly induced apoptosis and increased the expression of some pro-death proteins involved in cellular apoptosis including PUMA, BIM, BIK, and BAK. Moreover, in a subcutaneous HT-29 xenograft model, the tumor volume and burden decreased after treatment with the OGR extract (550 ± 32 mm3 and 16.3 ± 3.6, respectively) This study demonstrated that Ferula assa-foetida OGR ethanolic extract has potential antitumor effects against HT-29 CRC cell lines by reducing cell viability and the function of apoptosis. More studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms related to cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Elarabany
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Abeer Hamad
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Biology Department, College of Applied and Industrial Science, Bahri University, Khartoum 1660, Sudan
| | - Nurah M. Alzamel
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Gholamalizadeh H, Zafari N, Velayati M, Fiuji H, Maftooh M, Ghorbani E, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Nazari E, Avan A. Prognostic value of primary tumor location in colorectal cancer: an updated meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4369-4383. [PMID: 37405571 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical, histological, and molecular differences between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (RCC) have received considerable attention. Over the past decade, many articles have been published concerning the association between primary tumor location (PTL) of colorectal cancer and survival outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing need for an updated meta-analysis integrating the outcomes of recent studies to determine the prognostic role of right vs left-sidedness of PTL in patients with colorectal cancer. We conducted a comprehensive database review using PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases from February 2016 to March 2023 for prospective or retrospective studies reporting data on overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of RCC compared with LCC. A total of 60 cohort studies comprising 1,494,445 patients were included in the meta-analysis. We demonstrated that RCC is associated with a significantly increased risk of death compared with LCC by 25% (hazard ratio (HR), 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.31; I2 = 78.4%; Z = 43.68). Results showed that patients with RCC have a worse OS compared with LCC only in advanced stages (Stage III: HR, 1.275; 95% CI 1.16-1.4; P = 0.0002; I2 = 85.8%; Stage IV: HR, 1.34; 95% CI 1.25-1.44; P < 0.0001; I2 = 69.2%) but not in primary stages (Stage I/II: HR, 1.275; 95% CI 1.16-1.4; P = 0.0002; I2 = 85.8%). Moreover, a meta-analysis of 13 studies including 812,644 patients revealed that there is no significant difference in CSS between RCC and LCC (HR, 1.121; 95% CI 0.97-1.3; P = 0.112). Findings from the present meta-analysis highlight the importance of PTL in clinical decision-making for patients with CRC, especially in advanced stages. We provide further evidence supporting the hypothesis that RCC and LCC are distinct disease entities that should be managed differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Zafari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Velayati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Elham Nazari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq.
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Zhu Z, Gong M, Gong W, Wang B, Li C, Hou Q, Guo H, Chai J, Guan J, Jia Y. SHF confers radioresistance in colorectal cancer by the regulation of mitochondrial DNA copy number. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2457-2471. [PMID: 36527512 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Altered mitochondrial function contributes greatly to pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. In this study, we report a functional pool of Src homology 2 domain-containing F (SHF) in mitochondria controlling the response of colorectal cancer cells to radiation therapy. We found that elevated expression of SHF in cancer cells is essential for promoting mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number, thus reducing the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to radiation. Mechanistically, SHF binds to mitochondrial DNA and promotes POLG/SSBP1-mediated mitochondrial DNA synthesis. Importantly, SHF loss-mediated radiosensitization was phenocopied by depletion of mitochondrial DNA. Thus, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial SHF is an important regulator of radioresistance in colorectal cancer cells, identifying SHF as a promising therapeutic target to enhance radiotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meihua Gong
- Thoracic Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weipeng Gong
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bishi Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Changhao Li
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qingsheng Hou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward I, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Guan
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Ward II, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanhan Jia
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Li D, Zhao X, Pi X, Wang K, Song D. Systemic immune-inflammation index and the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after transarterial chemoembolization: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2105-2114. [PMID: 36287310 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), derived from neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocyte counts, has been associated with prognosis of patients with cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between pretreatment SII and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Cohort studies were identified by search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. Pooling the results was achieved with a random-effect model that incorporates potential heterogeneity between studies. Nine studies including 3557 patients with HCC contributed to the meta-analysis. Compared to patients with a lower SII, HCC patients with a higher pretreatment SII had poor overall survival (OS, hazard ratio [HR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-2.21, p < 0.001; I2 = 80%) and poor progression-free survival (PFS, HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05-1.56, p = 0.01; I2 = 0%) after TACE treatment. Further subgroup analyses confirmed a significant association between a high pretreatment SII and poor OS after TACE, which was not significantly affected by study country, sample size, age of the patients, cutoff values for SII, and adjustment of Child-Pugh score or alpha fetoprotein (p for subgroup effect all < 0.05). However, a higher SII was associated with poor OS in studies with follow-up duration ≤ 24 months (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39-2.72, p < 0.001), but the association was not statistically significant in studies with follow-up duration > 24 months (HR 1.27, 95% CI: 0.96-1.68, p = 0.09). A higher pretreatment SII was correlated with poor survival of HCC patients after TACE. A preliminary measurement of SII may be valuable for the prediction of the prognosis in HCC patients after TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duqiang Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, 99 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taiyuan, 030013, China
| | - Xingtao Pi
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, 99 Longcheng Street, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Image, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Digestive System Oncology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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10
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Nassar-Reis JP, Umeta PF, Stefano JT, Longatto-Filho A, Carrilho FJ, Alves VAF, Cogliati B, Oliveira CP. P53 and VEGF are promising biomarkers for sorafenib efficacy in an experimental model of NASH-related HCC. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:473-488. [PMID: 37605073 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. In this study we evaluated the effects of sorafenib based on the expression of molecular markers related to major hepatocarcinogenesis pathways and angiogenesis in a NASH-related HCC model. Forty male rats were submitted to NASH-HCC induction through the combination of a high-fat and choline deficient diet and diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/L) administration in the drinking water for 13 and 16 weeks. After the induction period, the rats received daily gavage administration of saline solution (control) or Sorafenib (5 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized and samples from liver nodules were collected for histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical assessment of HEP-PAR-1, glutamine-synthetase, VEGF, survivin, β-catenin and p53. A semi-quantitative score was used for VEGF, survivin and β-catenin analysis. For p53, the percentage of positive cells was determined. Results were processed by Wilcoxon's test or Student's t-test. Both protocols efficiently induced HCC, most of them being moderately to poorly differentiated. Sorafenib-treated animals showed a decreased expression of VEGF and p53 in HCCs generated at 13 weeks when compared to control animals (p = 0.03; p = 0.04, respectively). No significant difference in β-catenin and survivin were observed. There was a significant decrease in VEGF and p53 expression when comparing the two control groups (13 vs. 16 weeks, p < 0.01). p53 and VEGF are promising biomarkers for assessment of efficacy of Sorafenib, whereas survivin and β-catenin were not found useful. Decreased immunohistochemical expression of p53 and VEGF in the 16 week control group may indicate a different metabolic status of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Nassar-Reis
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Liver Research (Liver Lab), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Pedro Fukui Umeta
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - José Tadeu Stefano
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Department of Pathology (LIM-14), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 05808-010, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4704-553, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Liver Research (Liver Lab), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Claudia P Oliveira
- Laboratório de Gastroenterologia Clínica e Experimental (LIM-07), Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, 01246-903, Brazil.
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Mathlouthi NEH, Oumarou Hama H, Belguith I, Charfi S, Boudawara T, Lagier JC, Ammar Keskes L, Grine G, Gdoura R. Colorectal Cancer Archaeome: A Metagenomic Exploration, Tunisia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7572-7581. [PMID: 37754261 PMCID: PMC10527824 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious public health problem known to have a multifactorial etiology. The association between gut microbiota and CRC has been widely studied; however, the link between archaea and CRC has not been sufficiently studied. To investigate the involvement of archaea in colorectal carcinogenesis, we performed a metagenomic analysis of 68 formalin-embedded paraffin fixed tissues from tumoral (n = 33) and healthy mucosa (n = 35) collected from 35 CRC Tunisian patients. We used two DNA extraction methods: Generead DNA FFPE kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA) and Chelex. We then sequenced the samples using Illumina Miseq. Interestingly, DNA extraction exclusively using Chelex generated enough DNA for sequencing of all samples. After data filtering and processing, we reported the presence of archaeal sequences, which represented 0.33% of all the reads generated. In terms of abundance, we highlighted a depletion in methanogens and an enrichment in Halobacteria in the tumor tissues, while the correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the Halobacteria and the tumor mucosa (p < 0.05). We reported a strong correlation between Natrialba magadii, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, and tumor tissues, and a weak correlation between Methanococcus voltae and healthy adjacent mucosa. Here, we demonstrated the feasibility of archaeome analysis from formol fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues using simple protocols ranging from sampling to data analysis, and reported a significant association between Halobacteria and tumor tissues in Tunisian patients with CRC. The importance of our study is that it represents the first metagenomic analysis of Tunisian CRC patients' gut microbiome, which consists of sequencing DNA extracted from paired tumor-adjacent FFPE tissues collected from CRC patients. The detection of archaeal sequences in our samples confirms the feasibility of carrying out an archaeome analysis from FFPE tissues using a simple DNA extraction protocol. Our analysis revealed the enrichment of Halobacteria, especially Natrialba magadii, in tumor mucosa compared to the normal mucosa in CRC Tunisian patients. Other species were also associated with CRC, including Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and Methanococcus voltae, which is a methanogenic archaea; both species were found to be correlated with adjacent healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Houda Mathlouthi
- Laboratoire de Recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hamadou Oumarou Hama
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR MEPHI, 19-21, Bd. Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Imen Belguith
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Avenue Majida BOULILA, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Slim Charfi
- Department of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Boudawara
- Department of Pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | | | - Leila Ammar Keskes
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Avenue Majida BOULILA, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Ghiles Grine
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, UMR MEPHI, 19-21, Bd. Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix-Marseille University, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections (MEPHI), 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratoire de Recherche Toxicologie Microbiologie Environnementale et Santé (LR17ES06), Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
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Carloni R, Sabbioni S, Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Palloni A, Petrarota C, Cusmai A, Tavolari S, Gadaleta-Caldarola G, Brandi G. Immune-Based Combination Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1445-1463. [PMID: 37701562 PMCID: PMC10493094 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s390963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. HCC frequently presents as advanced disease at diagnosis, and disease relapse following radical surgery is frequent. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced HCC, particularly with the introduction of atezolizumab/bevacizumab as the new standard of care for first-line treatment. Recently, dual immune checkpoint blockade with durvalumab plus tremelimumab has also emerged as an effective first-line treatment for advanced HCC and most of the research is currently focused on developing combination treatments based mainly on ICIs. In this review, we will discuss the rationale and ongoing clinical trials of immune-based combination therapies for the treatment of advanced HCC, also focusing on new immunotherapy strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and anti-cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Carloni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cataldo Petrarota
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Cusmai
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Specialized, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhu J, Huang Q, Peng X, Luo C, Liu Z, Liu D, Yuan H, Yuan R, Cheng X. Identification of molecular subtypes based on PANoptosis-related genes and construction of a signature for predicting the prognosis and response to immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218661. [PMID: 37662906 PMCID: PMC10471990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated that PANoptosis is strongly correlated with cancer immunity and progression. This study aimed to develop a PANoptosis-related signature (PANRS) to explore its potential value in predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Based on the expression of PANoptosis-related genes, three molecular subtypes were identified. To construct a signature, the differentially expressed genes between different molecular subtypes were subjected to multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses. The risk scores of patients in the training set were calculated using the signature. The patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk scores. The predictive performance of the signature was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter, receiving operating characteristic curves, nomogram, and calibration curve. The results were validated using external datasets. Additionally, the correlation of the signature with the immune landscape and drug sensitivity was examined. Furthermore, the effect of LPCAT1 knockdown on HCC cell behavior was verified using in vitro experiments. Results This study developed a PANRS. The risk score obtained by using the PANRS was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with HCC and exhibited good prognostic predictive performance. The nomogram constructed based on the risk score and clinical information can accurately predicted the survival probability of patients with HCC. Patients with HCC in the high-risk groups have high immune scores and tend to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment. They also exhibited a favorable response to immunotherapy, as evidenced by high tumor mutational burden, high immune checkpoint gene expression, high human leukocyte antigen gene expression, low tumor immune dysfunction and low exclusion scores. Additionally, the PANRS enabled the identification of 15 chemotherapeutic agents, including sorafenib, for patients with HCC with different risk levels, guiding clinical treatment. The signature gene LPCAT1 was upregulated in HCC cell lines. LPCAT1 knockdown markedly decreased HCC cell proliferation and migration. Conclusion PANRS can accurately predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with HCC and consequently guide individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of General Practice, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zitao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Hukou County People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Huazhao Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiujiang, China
| | - Rongfa Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuexin Cheng
- Biological Resource Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Zhuang J, Qu Z, Chu J, Wang J, Wu Y, Fan Z, Song Y, Han S, Ru L, Zhao H. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals T population heterogeneity and functions in tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer metastases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17119. [PMID: 37539320 PMCID: PMC10394913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell mediated immune escape, a microenvironment factor, induces tumorigenesis and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to display the characteristics of T cell populations in immune microenvironments for colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted to identify functionally distinct T cell clusters from 3,003 cells in peripheral blood and 4,656 cells in tissues. Subsequently, a total of 8 and 4 distinct T cell population clusters were identified from tumor tissue and peripheral blood, respectively. High levels of CD8+TEX, CD4+TRM, TH1-like T cells, CD8+TEM, tumor-Treg from tissues, and CD4+TN from peripheral blood are essential components of immune microenvironment for the prediction of CRC metastasis. Moreover, exhausted T cells are characterized by higher expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, including PDCD1 and LAG3. Some genes such as PFKFB3, GNLY, circDCUN1D4, TXNIP and NR4A2 in T cells of cluster were statistically different between CRC metastasis and non-metastasis. The ligand-receptor interactions identified between different cluster cells and metastases-related DEGs identified from each cluster revealed that the communications of cells, alterations of functions, and numbers of T subsets may contribute to the metastasis of CRC. The mutation frequency of KiAA1551, ATP8B4 and LNPEP in T cells from tissues and SOR1 from peripheral blood were higher in metastatic CRC than that in non-metastatic CRC. In conclusion, the discovery of differential genes in T cells may provide potential targets for immunotherapy of CRC metastasis and relevant insights into the clinical prediction and prognosis of CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhuang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Zhanbo Qu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Jian Chu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
| | - Yinhang Wu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Fan
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
| | - Yifei Song
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Lixin Ru
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, China
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, China
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Vichitsakul K, Laowichuwakonnukul K, Soontornworajit B, Poomipark N, Itharat A, Rotkrua P. Anti-proliferation and induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by Garcinia hanburyi resin in colorectal cancer cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16411. [PMID: 37292335 PMCID: PMC10245011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several parts of Garcinia hanburyi are used in traditional medicine for many purposes. In this study, Garcinia hanburyi resin (GHR) was explored for possible anti-proliferative effects and the underlying mechanism on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods Gambogic acid (GA) content in GHR was analyzed by HPLC method. The cytotoxicities of GA and GHR were assessed in human CRC cell lines (SW480 and Caco-2) and normal colon cells (CCD841 CoN) using a trypan blue exclusion assay, MTS assay, and cell morphology analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis at its half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were analyzed using flow cytometry. And, the levels of intrinsic apoptosis-related proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Results GA was the major compound as 71.26% of the GHR. The cell viability of CRC cells was decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after exposure to GHR. The selectivity index indicated that GHR had a high degree of selectivity against CRC cells. The same result was obtained for GA treatment. In addition, GHR markedly induced typical apoptotic morphology of CRC cells, but had no obvious effect on normal colon cells. GHR induced apoptosis with the cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. An increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and a decrease in procaspase-3 proteins indicated that GHR promoted apoptosis by disrupting the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. Conclusion GHR, which contained GA as an active compound, significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation via the induction of intrinsic apoptosis, while having low toxicity on normal colon cells. Therefore, GHR could be proposed as a potent candidate for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkorn Vichitsakul
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Khanittha Laowichuwakonnukul
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Boonchoy Soontornworajit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Innovation of Molecular Hybrid for Biomedical Application, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Natwadee Poomipark
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pichayanoot Rotkrua
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Innovation of Molecular Hybrid for Biomedical Application, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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Grimaudo MS, Laffi A, Gennaro N, Fazio R, D’Orazio F, Samà L, Siracusano LV, Sicoli F, Renne SL, Santoro A, Bertuzzi AF. Case Report: Should Regorafenib be prescribed as a continuous schedule in gastrointestinal stromal tumors? Three case reports on Regorafenib personalized schedule. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1190123. [PMID: 37324004 PMCID: PMC10264664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1190123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), colorectal cancer, and hepatocarcinoma. Anyway, the toxicity profile of Regorafenib standard schedule is associated with poor compliance and a high rate of discontinuation. For this reason, there is a growing need for a Regorafenib personalized schedule emerging from the scientific community. Objective The aim of this case series was to describe the experience of our sarcoma referral center with the continuous administration of Regorafenib as an alternative regimen to treat metastatic GIST patients. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical, pathological, and radiological data of patients with metastatic GIST treated with daily personalized Regorafenib at a single tertiary referral center from May 2021 to December 2022. Results We identified three patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The average follow-up since the start of Regorafenib was 19.1 months (12-25 months). All three patients had started a standard third-line Regorafenib schedule according to guidelines. The reasons for switching to a continuous schedule were as follows: exacerbation of symptoms during week-off treatment in the first patient, a serious adverse event (AE) in the second patient, and a combination of both conditions in the third. After switching, none of the patients reported severe AEs, and they improved control of tumor-related symptoms. Two of the patients experienced disease progression after 16 months (9 months of which is continuous schedule) and 12 months (8.1 months of which is continuous schedule) of Regorafenib, respectively; the third patient is still receiving continuous Regorafenib at the time of writing, with a progression-free survival of 25 months (14 months after the modified schedule start). Conclusion With a similar efficacy and lower toxicities, a daily, personalized Regorafenib schedule seems to be a promising alternative to the standard regimen for metastatic GIST patients, including the frail ones. Further prospective analyses are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of such regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Susanna Grimaudo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alice Laffi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gennaro
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roberta Fazio
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federico D’Orazio
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Samà
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Federico Sicoli
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lorenzo Renne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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Ge J, Liu SL, Zheng JX, Shi Y, Shao Y, Duan YJ, Huang R, Yang LJ, Yang T. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 suppresses tumorigenesis via inhibiting proliferation and invasion and promoting CD8 + T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101683. [PMID: 37224767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALKBH5 belongs to the ALKB family consists of a Fe (II) and a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. ALKBH5 directly catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of m6A-methylated adenosine. ALKBH5 involves in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and is often dysregulated in a wide range of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that the expression of ALKBH5 is associated with the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment. However, how ALKBH5 affects immune cell infiltration in the microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify how the expression of ALKBH5 affects the biological behaviors of CRC cell lines and regulates the effects on infiltrating CD8+ T cells in CRC microenvironment with its specific mechanism. METHODS Firstly, the transcriptional expression profiles of CRC were downloaded from TCGA database and integrated via R software (4.1.2). Between CRC and normal colorectal tissues, ALKBH5 mRNA expressions were compared (Wilcoxon rank-sum). We further identified the expression levels of ALKBH5 in CRC tissues and cell lines through quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Then, how ALKBH5 affects the biological behaviors of CRC cells were confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between ALKBH5 level and 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells was examined through CIBERSORT in R software. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between ALKBH5 expression and tumor-infiltrated CD8+, CD4+ and regulatory T cells by utilizing the TIMER database. Finally, the association between chemokines and CD8+ T cells infiltration in CRC was analyzed using GEPIA online database. qRT-PCR, WB and IHC were used to further determine the effect of ALKBH5 on NF-κB-CCL5 signaling axis and CD8+ T cells infiltration. RESULTS Clinically, ALKBH5 expression was downregulated in CRC and low levels of ALKBH5 expression were correlated with poor overall survival (OS). Functionally, overexpression of ALKBH5 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, and vice versa. Overexpression of ALKBH5 suppresses NF-κB pathway, thus reduces CCL5 expression and promotes CD8+ T cells infiltration in CRC microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS ALKBH5 is poorly expressed in CRC, and overexpression of ALKBH5 attenuates CRC malignant progression by inhibiting CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoting CD8+ T cells infiltration in the tumor microenvironment through NF-κB-CCL5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Sheng-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing-Xiu Zheng
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Basic Medical Sciences Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yu-Jing Duan
- Basic Medical Sciences Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key laboratory of Digestive Disease & Organ Transplantation in Shanxi Province, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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Li T, Zhou T, Wu J, Lv H, Zhou H, Du M, Zhang X, Wu N, Gong S, Ren Z, Zhang P, Zhang C, Liu G, Liu X, Zhang Y. Plasma exosome-derived circGAPVD1 as a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101652. [PMID: 36934637 PMCID: PMC10034150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently garnered interest as disease markers, they have been relatively poorly studied as a biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to screen the exosome-derived circRNAs in CRC and explore their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of CRC METHODS: Exosomes were extracted from the plasma using a kit and validated by immunoblotting, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size analysis. The microarray datasets were employed to identify differentially-expressed circRNAs from plasma exosomes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) verified the results of the microarray analysis, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed the diagnostic ability of a single circRNA. The Starbase combined with microT, miRmap, and RNA22 were used to establish a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes, Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were applied to determine potential functions of the identified mRNAs RESULTS: Comparing the microarray of plasma exosome-derived circRNAs and the microarray downloaded from the GEO database, 15 candidate circRNAs with up-regulated expression were identified. RT-qPCR verified that hsa_circ_0003270 (circGAPVD1) was upregulated in CRC plasma exosomes. ROC analysis showed that circGAPVD1 in plasma exosomes has potential diagnostic value for CRC. The sensitivity and specificity of circGAPVD1 in the diagnosis of CRC were found to be 75.64 and 71.79%, respectively (area under ROC = 0.7662). Furthermore, the lymph node metastasis and TNM staging of patients were positively correlated with high expression of circGAPVD1. Combined with the ENCORI database and GEO datasets, we identified the circGAPVD1-related ceRNA network. The enrichment analysis revealed that key nodes in the ceRNA network participate in many important signaling pathways such as protein post-translational modifications CONCLUSION: Our results revealed the diagnostic efficiency of circGAPVD1 in plasma exosomes. The highly expressed circGAPVD1 is expected to be a novel diagnostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology, Xuzhou first People's Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Heng Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Mingnan Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zeqiang Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangpu Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Peng W, Bai S, Zheng M, Chen W, Li Y, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Xiong S, Wang R, Cheng B. An exosome-related lncRNA signature correlates with prognosis, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic responses in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2023; 31:101651. [PMID: 36933293 PMCID: PMC10031146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes act as essential modulators of cancer development and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the potential prognostic value and underlying molecular features of exosome-related long non-coding RNAs. METHODS Genes associated with exosome biogenesis, exosome secretion, and exosome biomarkers were collected. Exosome-related lncRNA modules were identified using PCA and WGCNA analysis. A prognostic model based on data from the TCGA, GEO, NODE, and ArrayExpress was developed and validated. A comprehensive analysis of the genomic landscape, functional annotation, immune profile, and therapeutic responses underlying the prognostic signature was performed on multi-omics data, and bioinformatics methods were also applied to predict potential drugs for patients with high risk scores. qRT-PCR was used to validate the differentially expressed lncRNAs in normal and cancer cell lines. RESULTS Twenty-six hub lncRNAs were identified as highly correlated with exosomes and overall survival and were used for prognosis modeling. Three cohorts consistently showed higher scores in the high-risk group, with an AUC greater than 0.7 over time. These higher scores implied poorer overall survival, higher genomic instability, higher tumor purity, higher tumor stemness, pro-tumor pathway activation, lower anti-tumor immune cell and tertiary lymphoid structure infiltration, and poor responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy and transarterial chemoembolization therapy. CONCLUSION Through developing an exosome-related lncRNA predictor for HCC patients, we revealed the clinical relevance of exosome-related lncRNAs and their potential as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic response predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuya Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengli Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yilei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Si Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Kabiri F, Medlej A, Saleh AJ, Aghdami N, Khani M, Soltani BM. Downregulated miR-495-3p in colorectal cancer targets TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes and induces cell cycle arrest. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 35:100702. [PMID: 37044020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hsa-miR-495 (miR-495) has been extensively investigated in cancer initiation and progression. On the other hand, our bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-495 exerts its effects through targeting of TGFβ signaling components. METHODS & RESULTS In order to investigate such an effect, miR-495 precursor was overexpressed in HEK293T, SW480, and HCT116 cells, which was followed by downregulation of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4, and BUB1 putative target genes, detected by RT-qPCR. Also, luciferase assay supported the direct interaction of miR-495 with 3'UTR sequences of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4, and BUB1 genes. Furthermore, a negative correlation of expression between miR-495-3p and some of these target genes was deduced in a set of colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Then, flow cytometry analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-495 in HCT116 and HEK293T resulted in an arrest at the G1 phase. Consistently, western blotting analysis showed a significant reduction of the Cyclin D1 protein in the cells overexpressing miR-495, pointing to downregulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest. Finally, microarray data analysis showed that miR-495-3p is significantly downregulated in colorectal tumors, compared to the normal pairs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results of the current study introduced miR-495-3p as a cell cycle progression suppressor, which may negatively regulate TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4, and BUB1 genes. This finding suggests miR-495-3p as a tumor suppressor candidate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoush Kabiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Jason Saleh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram M Soltani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran, Iran.
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Li J, Chen Y, Yu S, Liao M, Zhou L, Jia Z, Tang Y, Yuan B. The mechanisms underlying the enrichment and action of glypican-1-positive exosomes in colorectal cancer cells. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101655. [PMID: 36963204 PMCID: PMC10068259 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glypican-1 (GPC1) is overexpressed in several tumors, and GPC1+ exosomes have shown the potential to predict early colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mechanisms underlying the enrichment and action of GPC1+ exosomes in CRC remain unknown. METHODS The expression of slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α/2α, and GPC1 in clinical CRC tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Exosomes were isolated from the supernatants of CRC cell cultures. The effects of SLIT2, hypoxia, heparin, and phospholipase C (PLC) on exosomal GPC1 expression and GPC1+ exosome enrichment in CRC cells were analyzed with western blot and flow cytometry. CRC cell proliferation was assessed with MTT and colony formation assays. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding of GPC1 and SLIT2 in SW480 cells. Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with SW480 cells with different treatments. The Wnt signaling was detected. RESULTS SLIT2 was poorly expressed and GPC1, HIF-1α, and HIF-2α were highly expressed in human CRC tissues. SLIT2 in CRC cells inhibited GPC1+ exosome enrichment and exosomal GPC1 expression. PLC and heparin increased GPC1+ exosome enrichment in CRC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Hypoxia increased the enrichment of GPC1+ exosomes in CRC cells depending on HIF-2α expression. GPC1+ exosomes stimulated CRC cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth through activation of Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS GPC1+ exosome enrichment is related to PLC and heparin. Hypoxia increases the enrichment of GPC1+ exosomes in CRC cells by activating HIF-2α and downregulating SLIT2. GPC1+ exosomes further drive CRC progression by activating Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Xiangya Pharmaceutical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- Advanced Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P.R. China.
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Jia
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Binwen Yuan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Zhang L, Feng J, Kuang T, Chai D, Qiu Z, Deng W, Dong K, Zhao K, Wang W. Blood biomarkers predict outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint Inhibitors: A pooled analysis of 44 retrospective sudies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110019. [PMID: 36933492 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted the first meta-analysis to identify the predictive significance of baseline blood biomarkers (such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), early alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI), AFP, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR)) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS Eligible articles were retrieved using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar by November 24, 2022. Clinical outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and hyperprogressive disease (HPD). RESULTS A total of 44 articles with 5322 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results demonstrated that patients with high NLR levels had significantly poorer OS (HR: 1.951, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.632, P < 0.001), lower ORR (OR: 0.484, P < 0.001) and DCR (OR: 0.494, P = 0.027), and higher HPD (OR: 8.190, P < 0.001). The patients with high AFP levels had shorter OS (HR: 1.689, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.380, P < 0.001), and lower DCR (OR: 0.440, P < 0.001) than those with low AFP levels, however, there was no difference in ORR (OR: 0.963, P = 0.933). We also found that early AFP response was correlated with better OS (HR: 0.422, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 0.385, P < 0.001), higher ORR (OR: 7.297, P < 0.001) and DCR (OR: 13.360, P < 0.001) compared to non-responders. Besides, a high ALBI grade was significantly related to shorter OS (HR: 2.440, P = 0.009) and PFS (HR: 1.373, P = 0.022), lower ORR (OR: 0.618, P = 0.032) and DCR (OR: 0.672, P = 0.049) than those with an ALBI grade 1. CONCLUSION The NLR, early AFP response, and ALBI were useful predictors of outcomes in HCC patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarui Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqi Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Keshuai Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.
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Xiao L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Pan Y. The relationship between Ki-67 expression and imaging signs and pathological features in GISTs. Front Surg 2023; 10:1095924. [PMID: 36969752 PMCID: PMC10032371 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1095924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionTo investigate the correlations between the Ki-67 index and plain-scan computerized tomography (CT) signs and pathological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) tissue.Materials and methodsData from 186 patients with GIST diagnosed by pathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in Peking University First Hospital from May 2016 to May 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: Ki-67 ≤5% and >5%. Correlation analysis, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the correlations between CT signs, pathological features, and Ki-67 expression.ResultsUnivariate indicators correlated with the Ki-67 index were mitotic count, pathological grade, tumor hemorrhage, tumor necrosis, tumor size, and tumor density. Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that the mitotic count [odds ratio (OR) 10.222, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.312–31.039], pathological grade (OR 2.139, 95% CI 1.397–3.350), and tumor size (OR 1.096, 95% CI 1.020–1.190) were independently associated with the Ki-67 expression level. The concordance indexes (C-index) for the pathological features and CT signs models were 0.876 (95% CI 0.822–0.929) and 0.697 (95% CI 0.620–0.774), respectively, with positive predictive values of 93.62% and 58.11% and negative predictive values of 81.29% and 75.89%, respectively. After internal verification by the Bootstrap method, the fitting degree of the pathological features model was found to be better than that of the CT signs model.ConclusionMitotic count, pathological risk grading, and tumor size are independent risk factors correlating with high Ki-67 index. These results indicate that the Ki-67 index reflects tumor malignancy and can predict recurrence and metastasis of GIST.
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Wang M, Yao X, Bo Z, Zheng J, Yu H, Xie X, Lin Z, Wang Y, Chen G, Wu L. Synergistic Effect of Lenvatinib and Chemotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Preclinical Models. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:483-495. [PMID: 37007211 PMCID: PMC10065123 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s395474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to evaluate the synergistic efficacy of lenvatinib and FOLFOX (infusional fluorouracil (FU), folinic acid, and oxaliplatin) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and PDX-derived organotypic spheroid (XDOTS) models in vivo and in vitro. Methods PDX and matched XDOTS models originating from three patients with HCC were established. All models were divided into four groups and treated with drugs alone or in combination. Tumor growth in the PDX models was measured and recorded, and angiogenesis and phosphorylation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2), rearranged during transfection (RET), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. The proliferative ability of XDOTS was evaluated through active staining and immunofluorescence staining, and the effect of the combined medication was evaluated using the Celltiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay. Results Three PDX models with genetic characteristics similar to those of the original tumors were successfully established. Combining lenvatinib with FOLFOX led to a higher tumor growth inhibition rate than individual therapies (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the combined treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of PDX tissues (P < 0.05), and Western blot analysis showed that the combined treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, RET, and ERK compared with single-agent treatment. Additionally, all three matched XDOTS models were successfully cultured with satisfactory activity and proliferation, and the combined therapies led to better suppression of XDOTS growth compared with individual therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion Lenvatinib combined with FOLFOX had a synergistic antitumor effect in HCC PDX and XDOTS models by inhibiting the phosphorylation of VEGFR, RET, and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxun Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfei Yao
- The First Clinical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Bo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuyi Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixia Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lijun Wu; Gang Chen, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Fuxue Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 577 55579-453, Fax +86 577 55579-555, Email ;
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He K, Liu X, Yang Z. Development and Validation of a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A-associated Prognostic Model for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:139-156. [PMID: 36777498 PMCID: PMC9910209 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s399299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose High serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels have been identified as an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to construct a VEGF-included prognostic model to accurately perform individualized predictions of survival probability for patients with unresectable HCC. Patients and Methods From October 2018 to March 2021, 182 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with unresectable HCC were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline serum VEGF-A and other characteristics were collected for all patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression model were applied to develop the prognostic model, enhanced bootstrap method with 100 replicates was performed to validate its discrimination and calibration. We compared the final model with China Liver Cancer (CNLC) stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, and the model without the "VEGF". Finally, the established model was stratified by age. Results The VEGF-associated prognostic model we established has high accuracy with an overall C-index of 0.7892 after correction for optimistic estimates. The area under the curve (AUC) of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves at 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year after correction were 0.843, 0.860, 0.833, respectively, and the calibration of the model was 0.1153, 0.1514, and 0.1711, respectively. The final model showed significant improvement in predicting OS when compared to the other models according to Harrell's C-index, The AUC of the time-dependent ROC, area under the decision curve analysis (AUDC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and continuous net reclassification index (NRI). Conclusion The VEGF-associated prognostic model may help to predict the survival probabilities of HCC patients with favorable performance and discrimination. However, further validation is required since we only verified this model using internal but not external data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zelong Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Zelong Yang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 15, Changle West Road, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 17795714179, Email
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Zheng KW, Zhang CH, Wu W, Zhu Z, Gong JP, Li CM. FNBP4 is a Potential Biomarker Associated with Cuproptosis and Promotes Tumor Progression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:467-480. [PMID: 36760683 PMCID: PMC9907010 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s395881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors that lacks an efficient therapeutic approach because of its elusive molecular mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the biological function and potential mechanism of formin-binding protein 4 (FNBP4) in HCC. Methods FNBP4 expression in tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to explore the correlation between the FNBP4 expression and clinical survival. MTT, EdU incorporation, colony formation, and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the function of FNBP4 in cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was used to explore the potential mechanism of FNBP4. The prognostic risk signature and nomogram were constructed to demonstrate the prognostic value of FNBP4. Results We found that FNBP4 was upregulated in patients with HCC and associated with poor overall survival (OS). Furthermore, knockdown of FNBP4 inhibited the proliferation and migration in HCC cells. Then, we performed a KEGG pathway analysis of the coexpressed genes associated with FNBP4 and found that FNBP4 may be associated with tumor-related signaling pathways and cuproptosis. We verified that FNBP4 could cause cell cycle progression and inactivation of the hippo signaling pathway. A prognostic risk signature containing three FNBP4-related differentially expressed cuproptosis regulators (DECRs) was established and can be used as an independent risk factor to evaluate the prognosis of patients with HCC. In addition, a nomogram including a risk score and clinicopathological factors was used to predict patient survival probabilities. Conclusion FNBP4, as a potential biomarker associated with cuproptosis, promotes HCC cell proliferation and metastasis. We provide a new potential strategy for HCC treatment by targeting FNBP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the People’s Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao-Hua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Chun-Ming Li, Email
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Wang M, Yang X, Meng Y, Jin Z, Cao J, Xiong L, Xiong Z. Comprehensive analysis of the tumor-promoting effect and immune infiltration correlation MAZ from pan-cancer to hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109660. [PMID: 36623412 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myc-associated zinc-finger protein (MAZ) is a transcription factor, which has been confirmed to be abnormally expressed in many tumors and involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy of tumor cells. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of MAZ in pan-cancer, and the mechanism of MAZ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its association with immunotherapy remains unclear. METHODS The expression, prognostic mutation, sCNA, and tumor immunity characteristics of MAZ in 33 types of tumors were analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GEPIA, and TIMER databases. The association of MAZ expression levels with drug sensitivity, immunotherapy, immune checkpoints, and HLA-associated genes was further analyzed. Transwell, CCK-8, wound healing, and flow cytometry verified that MAZ affected the malignant cell behavior of HCC. The signaling pathways and cellular functions affected by MAZ in HCC were revealed by GSEA enrichment analysis. RESULTS The expression level of MAZ was up-regulated, and the high expression of MAZ indicated a high-risk prognostic factor in most tumors, including ACC, BLCA, KIRP, LIHC, PRAD, SKCM, and THCA (p < 0.05). MAZ expression was positively correlated with the sensitivity of most chemotherapy drugs (p < 0.05). HLA-DQB2, HLA-H, and most immune checkpoint genes were remarkably up-regulated in the high MAZ expression group (p < 0.05). GSEA analysis revealed that MAZ expression was highly correlated with the intracellular immune-related functions and cancer-related signaling pathway, including the B cell receptor signaling pathway, complement activation, humoral immune response, TGF-β signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. The overexpression of MAZ in HCC cells could promote the abilities of cell proliferation and migration and inhibit tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that MAZ might play a role in promoting the progression of HCC. It was closely related to the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and immune escape in pan-cancer. Moreover, this study provides new insights into MAZ as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Xiongjun Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Yajun Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Ze Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China.
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Zeng H, Zhang D, Yang Z, Hu Z, Yang Z, Fu Y, Hou J, Ngai S, Wang J, Chen J, Hu D, Zhou Z, Chen M, Zhang Y, Pan Y. Cholesterol and C-reactive protein prognostic score predicted prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitors based interventional therapies for intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109651. [PMID: 36638663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Serum cholesterol (CHO) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been successfully used as prognostic predictors for several malignancies, respectively. However, the clinicopathological significance of CHO and CRP levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with ICIs-based hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) remains unclear. Serum CHO and CRP levels were measured for a total of 152 HCC patients that had been treated with ICIs-based HAIC from February 2019 to April 2020. Efficacy was evaluated according to tumor response and survival. The median OS was not reached in the CHO-low subgroup and 17.7 months in the CHO-high subgroup (P = 0.015). The median OS was not reached in the CRP-low subgroup and 20.0 months in the CRP-high subgroup (P = 0.010). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both serum CHO and CRP levels were independent risk factors for the OS of HCC patients treated with ICIs-based HAIC (P < 0.05). Moreover, Cox regression analysis after Propensity Score Matching showed the similar results. CHO and CRP prognostic score (CCPS) combining CHO and CRP levels could significantly stratify HCC patients receiving ICIs-based HAIC into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups (P < 0.001). Patients in the risk subgroups reported similar disease control rates (P = 0.121) and significantly different overall response rates (low- vs intermediate- vs high-risk groups: 70.6 % vs 46.6 % vs 44.1 %, respectively, P = 0.038) according to modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). The results of this study support the association between CCPS high risk with the response and OS for HCC patients receiving ICIs-based HAIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zeng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyao Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyun Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoutian Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Fu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siegmund Ngai
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minshan Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaojun Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangxun Pan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Liver Surgery, Sun YatSen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Alketbi L, Al-Ali A, Talaat IM, Hamid Q, Bajbouj K. The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily A in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021344. [PMID: 36674859 PMCID: PMC9860967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide; it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. CRC arises due to mutations that can affect oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and DNA repair genes. The lack of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets and the development of chemoresistance are some of the major issues when dealing with CRC. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is considered one facilitating mechanism for chemoresistance. Furthermore, ABC transporters have additional roles in cancer development beyond multidrug resistance. In CRC, lipid dysregulation has a key role in tumour development and progression, as cancer cells rely on lipids for energy and rapid cell proliferation. ABC subfamily A (ABCA) contains the largest members of ABC proteins, mainly known for their role in lipid transport, mostly membrane lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids. Although the exact mechanism of action of these members is not confirmed, their expression is usually correlated with tumour progression and therapy resistance, probably due to their role in lipid homeostasis. CRC shows alteration in the expression of ABCA transporters, which is usually linked to poor prognosis and overall survival. Therefore, as lipid transporters, their role in CRC is investigated, and their diagnostic and prognostic potential is evaluated. This minireview presents evidence from various studies suggesting that ABCA transporters might have an active role in CRC and can be utilized as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Alketbi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abeer Al-Ali
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Xia J, Ding H, Liu S, An R, Shi X, Chen M, Ren H. C-Type Lectin Receptors-Triggered Antifungal Immunity May Synergize with and Optimize the Effects of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:19-33. [PMID: 36636249 PMCID: PMC9831126 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s394503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide, and there is a lack of effective treatment for late-stage HCC. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of the intestinal flora has a significant impact on hepatocarcinogenesis. The pathophysiological link between the intestine, its microbiota, and the liver has been described as the "gut-liver axis". Dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and increased permeability of the intestinal wall are closely associated with liver pathology through the immune response. The "gut-liver axis" theory has been applied to the clinical study of the pathogenesis and treatment of HCC. The intestinal fungal community, as part of the gut microbiome, has a significant impact on human health and disease, while relatively little research has been done in HCC. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and potential biological functions of the fungal recognition receptors C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3, and Mincle) in HCC. We found that CLRs were downregulated in HCC, and their expressions were correlated with the clinical prognosis of HCC patients. Further studies suggested that the expression of CLRs were significantly correlated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy efficacy in HCC. Based on previous studies and our findings, we hypothesize that intestinal fungal communities and CLRs-triggered antifungal immunity have a key role in the pathogenesis of HCC, and these findings may provide new perspectives and targets for HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujun Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Haozhen Ren; Ming Chen, Email ;
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Tian BW, Yan LJ, Ding ZN, Liu H, Han CL, Meng GX, Xue JS, Dong ZR, Yan YC, Hong JG, Chen ZQ, Wang DX, Li T. Evaluating liver function and the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109519. [PMID: 36459922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have underlying cirrhosis and a compromised liver function. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as an important approach for HCC treatment. The purpose of our study was to explore the prognostic significance of liver function in HCC patients receiving ICIs. METHODS Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the relationship between liver function and overall survival (OS)/progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS 41 articles with 4483 patients with HCC were included. The pooled results revealed that either Child-Pugh score (OS:HR = 2.01,95 %CI:1.69-2.38; PFS:HR = 1.39,95 %CI:1.15-1.68) or albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (OS:HR = 2.04,95 %CI:1.55-2.69; PFS:HR = 1.42,95 %CI:1.21-1.67) can predict the patient prognosis. The Child-Pugh score has some degree of subjectivity, and the ALBI score can better stratify patients. Therefore, the ALBI score was used to evaluate patients' liver function and determine treatment options. Further subgroup analysis found that the results of prospective studies were statistically significant only for the ALBI score with regards to OS (HR = 1.69,95 %CI:1.26-2.26). Meanwhile, the effect of liver function on the efficacy of ICIs in the large-sample studies was not as obvious as that in small-sample studies. Moreover, the incidence of adverse events did not significantly increase in patients with impaired liver function. CONCLUSION Poor liver function is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCC receiving ICIs. The ALBI score is simpler and reliable for patient stratification than the Child-Pugh score. Although the survival time of patients with impaired liver function may be relatively short, ICIs still have great potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Cheng-Long Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Guang-Xiao Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jun-Shuai Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yu-Chuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital and The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Julka PK, Arya D, Gupta K. Long-Term 5-Year Response to Pembrolizumab, Bevacizumab, and Capecitabine Regimen in a Metastatic Colon Cancer Patient with MSI-High and KRAS Mutation: Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:1020-1027. [PMID: 37900837 PMCID: PMC10601776 DOI: 10.1159/000533760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With an estimated 1.88 million new cases and 0.92 million deaths in 2020, colorectal cancer accounts for nearly one-tenth of all new cancer and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Nearly half of the patients of colorectal cancer are diagnosed with metastatic or inoperable disease with a very dismal 5-year survival rate. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have been used to treat metastatic disease, either alone or in combination. We present a case of recurrent metastatic colon carcinoma with KRAS exon 2 mutation and high microsatellite instability that was treated with a combination regimen of bevacizumab, capecitabine oral chemotherapy, and pembrolizumab immunotherapy. At nearly 5 years of treatment, the patient is alive with good performance status and improved quality of life owing to a favorable response to the molecular profiling-based treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Julka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Arya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Max Institute of Cancer Care, Delhi, India
| | - Kush Gupta
- Department of Clinical Operations, Catalyst Clinical Services Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, India
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Li B, Liu J, Xu L, Xu Q, Liu Z, Liu T. Comprehensive Analysis of NABP2 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1783-1804. [PMID: 37113629 PMCID: PMC10128078 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s403370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The DNA binding protein NABP2 (nucleic acid binding protein 2) is a member of the SSB (single-stranded DNA-binding) protein family, which is involved in DNA damage repair. Its prognostic significance and relationship with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remain unknown. Methods The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of NABP2 and to investigate its possible immune function in HCC. By applying multiple bioinformatics methods, we gathered and analysed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to investigate the potential oncogenic and cancer-promoting role of NABP2, including the differential expression, prognostic value, immune cell infiltration association, and drug sensitivity of NABP2 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to validate the expression of NABP2 in HCC. The knockdown of NABP2 expression by siRNA was further used to validate its role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Our findings indicated that NABP2 was overexpressed in HCC samples and was related to poor survival, clinical stage, and tumour grade in HCC patients. Analysis of functional enrichment indicated that NABP2 was potentially involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, apoptosis, P53 signalling, TGFA signalling via NF-κB, and so on. NABP2 was shown to be significantly linked to immune cell infiltration and immunological checkpoints in HCC. Analyses of drug sensitivity predict a number of drugs that could potentially be used to target NABP2. Moreover, in vitro experiments verified the promoting effect of NABP2 on the migration and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion Based on these findings, NABP2 appears to be a candidate biomarker for HCC prognosis and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiande Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Tiande Liu, Departments of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613479101447, Email
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Murphy R, Halford S, Symeonides SN. Project Optimus, an FDA initiative: Considerations for cancer drug development internationally, from an academic perspective. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1144056. [PMID: 36937434 PMCID: PMC10020863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1144056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern cancer therapeutics are increasingly targeted, bringing the promise of new and improved activity, alongside better tolerability. However, while many are indeed resulting in dramatic improvements in disease control and patient survival, short- and long-term tolerability has not always accompanied it. The choice of dose and schedule is often in the upper range of the therapeutic window, driven by the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) model of previous cytotoxic agents. There is increasing recognition that this needs to change, by taking a more holistic approach to determine the optimal dose for desired biological effects and tolerability early in clinical development. In the US, the FDA's Oncology Centre of Excellence is addressing this via the Project Optimus initiative: aiming to reform dose optimisation studies so that they can demonstrate the most appropriate dose selection. Early clinical development will need to demonstrate the dose-exposure, -pharmacodynamic, -toxicity and -activity relationships, including randomised evaluations for dose selection. Regulatory agencies outside the US are similarly exploring this. Along with Australia, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Singapore and Switzerland, the UK participates in Project Orbis, a collaborative program with the FDA to accelerate patient access to new cancer medicines through coordinated regulatory review. Close alignment with Project Optimus will be important internationally and will require changes across industry, including for academic units and small biotech. We discuss our perspective on the implications, and opportunities, for early phase oncology trials as a uniquely charity-funded drug development facility, the Centre for Drug Development within the Cancer Research UK charity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindhi Murphy
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ravindhi Murphy, ; Stefan Nicholas Symeonides,
| | - Sarah Halford
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Nicholas Symeonides
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
- Edinburgh Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ravindhi Murphy, ; Stefan Nicholas Symeonides,
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Shao K, Shen H, Chen X, Shao Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Wu X. Copper transporter gene ATP7A: A predictive biomarker for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109518. [PMID: 36502594 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP7A is an important copper transporter that regulates numerous cellular biological processes. However, the role of ATP7A in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains unknown. METHODS We analyzed ATP7A expression and its effect on digestive system tumor prognoses, assessed its expression in tissue microarrays from 319 HCC patients, and investigated the relationship between ATP7A expression and tumor immunity. Specifically, we evaluated the possible association between ATP7A and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in human HCC tissues. Finally, we analyzed the effect of ATP7A on sorafenib efficacy in HCC. RESULTS ATP7A is generally highly expressed in digestive system tumors but related to poor prognosis only in HCC. ATP7A levels are positively associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression (especially PD-L1). HCC patients coexpressing APT7A and PD-L1 demonstrate poor prognoses. Moreover, HCC patients with high ATP7A levels were more sensitive to sorafenib and demonstrated higher survival rates after sorafenib treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into the correlation between ATP7A levels and tumor immune infiltration and immune checkpoint function in HCC, sheds light on the significance of ATP7A in cancer progression, and provides guidance for more effective and general therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Muhammadnejad S, Monzavi SM, Torabi-Rahvar M, Sotoudeh M, Muhammadnejad A, Tavakoli-Shiraji S, Ranjbar A, Aghayan SS, Khorsand AA, Moradzadeh K, Janzamin E, Ahmadbeigi N. Efficacy of adoptively transferred allogeneic CIK cells on colorectal cancer: Augmentative antitumoral effects of GvHD. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109446. [PMID: 36463696 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A preclinical study was designed to evaluate the effects of adoptively transferred cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells on colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Forty NOG mice bearing HT-29 xenograft tumors were developed and equally divided into 2 groups of treatment and control. The mice in the treatment group received cumulatively 40-60 × 106 CIK cells in four divided doses. RESULTS Median tumor doubling times for HT-29 xenograft tumors in the treatment and control groups were found to be 8.98 and 4.32 days; respectively. The treatment resulted in tumor growth delay (TGD) of 52.5 %. CIK cell-induced log cell kill (LCK) was found to be 0.67, which implies reduction of 78.6 % of neoplastic colorectal cells. Median length of survival in the treated mice was significantly longer than controls (57 (41-63) vs 41 (31-57) days, P < 0.001). Mice in the treatment group experienced graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) from median of day 13th after the cell therapy. LCK and TGD significantly increased after emergence of GvHD. After necropsy, tumors of the treatment group contained high levels of human-originated CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells and showed significantly lower mitotic counts (P < 0.001) and residual tumor scores (P = 0.005) than the controls (entirely negative for the mentioned CD markers). Ninety percent of the treated mice were found to be responding. CONCLUSIONS Adoptive transfer of allogeneic CIK cells may be an efficient antitumoral therapy for colorectal cancer. Allogeneic CIK cell-mediated GvHD may contribute to amplification of graft-versus-tumor effects of the cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samad Muhammadnejad
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Monzavi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Torabi-Rahvar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Tavakoli-Shiraji
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Ranjbar
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Aghayan
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arsalan Khorsand
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Moradzadeh
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; SABZ Biomedicals Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Paric A, Karan-Krizanac D, Saric I, Vranic S. A Chromosome 9p24.1 Amplification in Colorectal Cancer with Metastases to the Kidney and Adrenal Gland: A Case Report. Case Rep Oncol 2023; 16:803-810. [PMID: 37900784 PMCID: PMC10601774 DOI: 10.1159/000533377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. The Food and Drug Administration recently designated pembrolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) against a programmed death-1 receptor, as a breakthrough drug for the treatment of patients with mCRC whose tumors have deficient mismatch-repair gene expression (as evidenced by microsatellite instability-high) and patients with solid tumors with a high tumor mutational burden with ≥10 mutations/megabase. We present a patient with metastatic CRC having renal and adrenal gland metastases. Comprehensive molecular profiling performed on a site of metastatic CRC in the kidney revealed multiple genomic alterations characteristic of CRC and rare chromosome 9p24.1 amplification, resulting in a co-amplification of the PDL1, PDL2, and JAK2 genes. Although this genomic alteration may predict the response to ICI, the lack of pembrolizumab prevented the patient from receiving targeted treatment and succumbing to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paric
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Karan-Krizanac
- Department of Pathology and Cytopathology, University Hospital Center Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Saric
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Center Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University Doha, Doha, Qatar
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Zou Y, Yue M, Jia L, Wang Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang M, Feng Y, Yu R, Yang S, Huang P. Repeated Measurement of FIB-4 to Predict Long-Term Risk of HCC Development Up to 10 Years After SVR. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1433-1443. [PMID: 36606114 PMCID: PMC9809166 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s389874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is unclear whether and how the long-term risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will change in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients who have reached sustained virologic response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). In this study, we assessed the long-term risk of HCC up to 10 years after SVR using fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4) and its dynamic changes. Patients and Methods A total of 701 DAA-treated patients who achieved SVR between January 2012 to October 2020 were enrolled in the study. The FIB-4 score of each patient was measured at the date of SVR and each follow-up visit annually. Patients were followed until December 31, 2021, with the longest follow-up time being 9.82 years. Results Following SVR, 27 cases of HCC were observed. The annual incidence rate of HCC remained stable with no obvious downward trend. Patients with a FIB-4 >3.25 at baseline or anytime during follow-up were at a higher risk of developing HCC than those whose FIB-4 remained below 3.25. Patients with cirrhosis and patients with no cirrhosis but a FIB-4 >3.25 were at higher risk of developing HCC than patients with no cirrhosis and a FIB-4 ≦3.25. Conclusion FIB-4 >3.25 measured at SVR or any time post-SVR was associated with HCC risks. The repeated measurement of FIB-4 revealed a better predictive ability of HCC risks than the simple measurement of FIB-4 at baseline. The additional stratification of patients by combining FIB-4 and cirrhosis leads to more accurately identifying high-risk patients. Surveillance of HCC is recommended for virologically cured patients with a FIB-4 >3.25 at SVR or anytime afterward and patients diagnosed with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linna Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jurong Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jurong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongbin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Sheng Yang, Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Peng Huang, Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Liu HF, Zhang YZZ, Wang Q, Zhu ZH, Xing W. A nomogram model integrating LI-RADS features and radiomics based on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for predicting microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma falling the Milan criteria. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101597. [PMID: 36502701 PMCID: PMC9758568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish and validate a nomogram model incorporating both liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS) features and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI)-based radiomics for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) falling the Milan criteria. METHODS In total, 161 patients with 165 HCCs diagnosed with MVI (n = 99) or without MVI (n = 66) were assigned to a training and a test group. MRI LI-RADS characteristics and radiomics features selected by the LASSO algorithm were used to establish the MRI and Rad-score models, respectively, and the independent features were integrated to develop the nomogram model. The predictive ability of the nomogram was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The risk factors associated with MVI (P<0.05) were related to larger tumor size, nonsmooth margin, mosaic architecture, corona enhancement and higher Rad-score. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the MRI feature model for predicting MVI were 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.92) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.74-0.95), and those for the Rad-score were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.90) and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.67-0.93) in the training and test groups, respectively. The nomogram presented improved AUC values of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.94) in the training group and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.98) in the test group (P<0.05) for predicting MVI. The calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated that the nomogram model had high goodness-of-fit and clinical benefits. CONCLUSIONS The nomogram model can effectively predict MVI in patients with HCC falling within the Milan criteria and serves as a valuable imaging biomarker for facilitating individualized decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Zhen-Zi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zu-Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author at: No.185, Juqian ST, Tianning District, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Tolcher AW. Antibody drug conjugates: The dos and don'ts in clinical development. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108235. [PMID: 35738430 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) entered clinical trials in the mid 1990s to selectively deliver cytotoxic chemotherapy to cancer cells with the goal to increase the antitumor activity and decrease normal tissue toxicity. Over nearly 30 years of development the ADC platform has become established with now 11 approved agents and many more in the pipeline. This review is designed to highlight some of the problems and solutions encountered in clinical development as well as provide practical instruction to both clinical investigators on the efficient protocol design for ADCs and the lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Tolcher
- Director for Clinical Research, NEXT Oncology, 2829 Babcock Road Suite 300, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States of America.
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Qu W, Qiao S, Liu L, Chen Y, Peng C, Hou Y, Xu Z, Lv M, Wang T. Dectin3 protects against hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating glycolysis of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tu X, Yang J, Zheng Y, Liang C, Tao Q, Tang X, Liu Z, Jiang L, He Z, Xie F, Zheng Y. Immunotherapy combination with regorafenib for refractory hepatocellular carcinoma: A real-world study. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yuan J, Liu Z, Wu Z, Yang J, Yang J. Construction and validation of an IRF4 risk score to predict prognosis and response to immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Quintanilha JCF, Geyer S, Etheridge AS, Racioppi A, Hammond K, Crona DJ, Peña CE, Jacobson S, Marmorino F, Rossini D, Cremolini C, Sanoff HK, Abou-Alfa GK, Innocenti F. KDR genetic predictor of toxicities induced by sorafenib and regorafenib. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2022; 22:251-257. [PMID: 35484400 PMCID: PMC9613789 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-022-00279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
No biomarkers are available to predict toxicities induced by VEGFR TKIs. This study aimed to identify markers of toxicities induced by these drugs using a discovery-validation approach. The discovery set included 140 sorafenib-treated cancer patients (TARGET study) genotyped for SNPs in 56 genes. The most significant SNPs associated with grade ≥2 hypertension, diarrhea, dermatologic toxicities, and composite toxicity (any one of the toxicities) were tested for association with grade ≥2 toxicity in a validation set of 201 sorafenib-treated patients (Alliance/CALGB 80802). The validated SNP was tested for association with grade ≥2 toxicity in 107 (LCCC 1029) and 82 (Italian cohort) regorafenib-treated patients. SNP-toxicity associations were evaluated using logistic regression, and a meta-analysis between the studies was performed by inverse variance. Variant rs4864950 in KDR increased the risk of grade ≥2 composite toxicity in TARGET, Alliance/CALGB 80802, and the Italian cohort (meta-analysis p = 6.79 × 10-4, OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.34-3.01). We identified a predictor of toxicities induced by VEGFR TKIs. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00073307 (TARGET), NCT01015833 (Alliance/CALGB 80802), and NCT01298570 (LCCC 1029).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. F. Quintanilha
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Correspondence: Julia C. F. Quintanilha. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Genetic Medicine Bldg. 120 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box 7361, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7361,
| | - Susan Geyer
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy S. Etheridge
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alessandro Racioppi
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelli Hammond
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel J. Crona
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol E. Peña
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sawyer Jacobson
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Federica Marmorino
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Rossini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hanna K. Sanoff
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- AbbVie, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Correspondence: Federico Innocenti, MD, PhD. AbbVie, Inc., South San Francisco, 1000 Gateway Blvd. South San Francisco, California 94080,
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Rizzo A, Carloni R, Ricci AD, Cusmai A, Laforgia M, Calabrò C, Ungaro V, Oreste D, Sollitto M, Palmiotti G, Brandi G. Treatment-related adverse events of first-line immunotherapy versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2022; 22:323-329. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2152793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Carloni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Antonio Cusmai
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariarita Laforgia
- S.C. Farmacia e U.Ma.C.A., Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Calabrò
- S.C. Farmacia e U.Ma.C.A., Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Ungaro
- S.C. Farmacia e U.Ma.C.A., Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II-Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Oreste
- Radiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Sollitto
- Radiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Palmiotti
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna, Italy
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Wang S, Wang Y, Yu J, Wu H, Zhou Y. Lenvatinib as First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225525. [PMID: 36428618 PMCID: PMC9688932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenvatinib was approved in 2018 as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide the most updated evidence about the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib as a first-line treatment for unresectable HCC. An electronic search of the PubMed database, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was undertaken to identify all relevant studies up to May 2022. The pooled effect sizes were calculated based on the random-effects model. One phase III randomized controlled trial and 23 retrospective studies of 2438 patients were eligible for analysis. For patients treated with lenvatinib as first-line treatment, the pooled median overall survival (OS), median progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year OS rate, 1-year PFS rate, objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were 11.36 months, 6.68 months, 56.0%, 27.0%, 36.0% and 75.0%, respectively. Lenvatinib showed a significantly superior efficacy compared with sorafenib (HR for OS, 0.85 and HR for PFS, 0.72; OR for ORR, 4.25 and OR for DCR, 2.23). The current study demonstrates that lenvatinib can provide better tumor responses and survival benefits than sorafenib as a first-line treatment for unresectable HCC, with a comparable incidence of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jiangtao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, People’s Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huaxing Wu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yanming Zhou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0592-2139708
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Peng W, Jiang X, Zhang W, Hu J, Zhang Y, Zhang L. A radiomics-based model can predict recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma after curative ablation. Asian J Surg 2022:S1015-9584(22)01409-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Trans-Arterial Chemoembolization Plus Systemic Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111788. [PMID: 36579504 PMCID: PMC9697413 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen the advent of novel treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given a strong biological rationale supporting this strategy, multiple studies have explored the role of combination treatments including locoregional plus systemic therapies to produce a synergistic effect and enhance antitumor activity. Among locoregional therapies, several clinical trials assessing trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) have been recently presented and published. In the current paper, we discuss available evidence and current and future research on combined TACE and systemic treatments, including antiangiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and immune-based combinations for HCC patients.
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Qiao W, Wang Q, Hu C, Zhang Y, Li J, Sun Y, Yuan C, Wang W, Liu B, Zhang Y. Interim efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after interventional therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1019772. [PMID: 36389724 PMCID: PMC9650042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1019772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Locoregional interventional therapy including transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and ablation are the current standard of treatment for early-to-mid-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, questions remain unanswered regarding the management of recurrence after locoregional treatment. PD-1 inhibitors can block inhibitory signals of T-cell activation and proliferation to reduce the recurrence. We conducted a single-arm phase 2 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors following locoregional interventional therapy in HCC patients with high recurrence risk guided by our novel scoring system. METHODS Patients enrolled initially treated by TACE combined with ablation, then willingly joined the experimental group. One month later, they received the anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy (intravenous injection of 200 mg), which was repeated every 3 weeks for a total of 4 or 8 cycles. Within this same period, other patients were screened into the control group to match the experimental group by 1:1 based on the propensity score matching method (PSM). The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) recurrence modality, safety, and quality of life. RESULT At the time of data cutoff, the median RFS of the control group was 7.0 months while the experimental group had not reached it. Moreover, the 1-year RFS rate was 73.3% in the experimental group and 46.7% in the control group, showing a significant difference (P =0.02). The rate of local tumor progression in the experimental group was clearly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.027). Benefits associated with anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy were observed in patients with multiple tumors and tumor size ≤2cm. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor for RFS in HCC patients. The most frequent AE observed in this study was RCCEP, and other AEs included diarrhea, hepatotoxicity, rash, pruritus, and fatigue. The incidence of GRADE ≥3 AE and withdrawal in this study was low with no deaths recorded. CONCLUSIONS Interim analysis from the study suggest the addition of anti-PD-1 adjuvant therapy after TACE combined with ablation could significantly prolong RFS with controllable safety for early-to-mid-stage HCC patients with high recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Qiao
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Hu
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwang Yuan
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biyu Liu
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Interventional Therapy Center for Oncology, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Biomedical Resources, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Feng H, Zhuo Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Y, Duan X, Shi J, Xu C, Gao Y, Yu Z. Tumor Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Key Players for Immunotherapy. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:1109-1125. [PMID: 36320666 PMCID: PMC9618253 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s381764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a serious medical therapeutic challenge as conventional curative avenues such as surgery and chemotherapy only benefit for few patients with limited tumor burden. Immunotherapy achieves clinical progress in the treatment of this prevalent malignant disease by virtue of the development of tumor immunology; however, most patients have experienced minimal or no clinical benefit in terms of overall survival. The complexity and diversity of tumor microenvironment (TME) built by immune and stromal cell subsets has been considered to be responsible for the insufficiency of immunotherapy. The advance of bioanalytical technology boosts the exploration of the composition and differentiation of these infiltrated cells, which reflect the immune state of the TME and impact the efficacy of the antitumor immune response. Targeting these cells to remodel the TME is one of the important immunotherapeutic approaches to improve HCC treatment. In this review, we focused on the role of these non-cancerous cells in the tumor progression, and elaborated their function on cancer immunotherapy when manipulating them as potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Feng
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhuo
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangjuan Duan
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Shi
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbin Xu
- Department of Informatics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yueqiu Gao, Institute of Infectious Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 20256507, Fax +86 21 20256699, Email
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Zhuo Yu, Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 20256507, Fax +86 21 20256699, Email
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