1
|
Münzel T, Molitor M, Kuntic M, Hahad O, Röösli M, Engelmann N, Basner M, Daiber A, Sørensen M. Transportation Noise Pollution and Cardiovascular Health. Circ Res 2024; 134:1113-1135. [PMID: 38662856 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that transportation noise increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with solid evidence for ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. According to the World Health Organization, at least 1.6 million healthy life years are lost annually from traffic-related noise in Western Europe. Traffic noise at night causes fragmentation and shortening of sleep, elevation of stress hormone levels, and increased oxidative stress in the vasculature and the brain. These factors can promote vascular (endothelial) dysfunction, inflammation, and arterial hypertension, thus elevating cardiovascular risk. The present review focusses on the indirect, nonauditory cardiovascular health effects of noise. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological research on the effects of transportation noise on cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and mechanistic insights based on the latest clinical and experimental studies and propose new risk markers to address noise-induced cardiovascular effects in the general population. We will discuss the potential effects of noise on vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation in humans and animals. We will elaborately explain the underlying pathomechanisms by alterations of gene networks, epigenetic pathways, circadian rhythm, signal transduction along the neuronal-cardiovascular axis, and metabolism. We will describe current and future noise mitigation strategies. Finally, we will conduct an overall evaluation of the status of the current evidence of noise as a significant cardiovascular risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Michael Molitor
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.R., N.E.)
| | - Nicole Engelmann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.R., N.E.)
| | - Mathias Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (M.B.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany (T.M., M.M., M.K., O.H., A.D.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, Germany (T.M., M.M., O.H., A.D.)
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.S.)
- Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sliwa K, Viljoen CA, Stewart S, Miller MR, Prabhakaran D, Kumar RK, Thienemann F, Piniero D, Prabhakaran P, Narula J, Pinto F. Cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries associated with environmental factors. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:688-697. [PMID: 38175939 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that the profound environmental changes that have occurred over the past century pose threats to human health. Many of these environmental factors, including air pollution, noise pollution, as well as exposure to metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and other metals, are particularly detrimental to the cardiovascular health of people living in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Low-to-middle income countries are likely to be disproportionally burdened by cardiovascular diseases provoked by environmental factors. Moreover, they have the least capacity to address the core drivers and consequences of this phenomenon. This review summarizes the impact of environmental factors such as climate change, air pollution, and metal exposure on the cardiovascular system, and how these specifically affect people living in LMICs. It also outlines how behaviour changes and interventions that reduce environmental pollution would have significant effects on the cardiovascular health of those from LMICs, and globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charle André Viljoen
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Main Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Stewart
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, 32 Mouat St, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6160, Australia
- Eduardo Mondlane University, 3435 Avenida Julius Nyerere, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Mark R Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 3RL, UK
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, C1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Raman Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Ponekkara PO, Cochin 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Cape Heart Institute, Chris Barnard Building, University of Cape Town, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cnr Anzio Road and Falmouth Road, 7925, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 100 Rämistrasse, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Piniero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Arenales 2463, Buenos Aires, C1124AAN, Argentina
| | - Poornima Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, C1/52, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fausto Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou YH, Bai YJ, Zhao XY. Combined exposure to multiple metals on abdominal aortic calcification: results from the NHANES study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24282-24301. [PMID: 38438641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to metals increases the risk of many diseases and has become a public health concern. However, few studies have focused on the effect of metal on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), especially the combined effects of metal mixtures. In this study, we aim to investigate the combined effect of metals on AAC risk and determine the key components in the multiple metals. We tried to investigate the relationship between multiple metal exposure and AAC risk. Fourteen urinary metals were analyzed with five statistical models as follows: generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. A total of 838 participants were involved, of whom 241 (28.8%) had AAC. After adjusting for covariates, in multiple metal exposure logistic regression, cadmium (Cd) (OR = 1.364, 95% CI = 1.035-1.797) was positively associated with AAC risk, while cobalt (Co) (OR = 0.631, 95% CI = 0.438-0.908) was negatively associated with AAC risk. A significant positive effect between multiple metal exposure and AAC risk was observed in WQS (OR = 2.090; 95% CI = 1.280-3.420, P < 0.01), Qgcomp (OR = 1.522, 95% CI = 1.012-2.290, P < 0.05), and BKMR models. It was found that the positive association may be driven primarily by Cd, lead (Pb), uranium (U), and tungsten (W). Subgroups analysis showed the association was more significant in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, abdominal obesity, drinking, and smoking. Our study shows that exposure to multiple metals increases the risk of AAC in adults aged ≥ 40 years in the USA and that Cd, Pb, U, and W are the main contributors. The association is stronger in participants who are obese, smoker, or drinker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu-Jie Bai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sørensen M, Pershagen G, Thacher JD, Lanki T, Wicki B, Röösli M, Vienneau D, Cantuaria ML, Schmidt JH, Aasvang GM, Al-Kindi S, Osborne MT, Wenzel P, Sastre J, Fleming I, Schulz R, Hahad O, Kuntic M, Zielonka J, Sies H, Grune T, Frenis K, Münzel T, Daiber A. Health position paper and redox perspectives - Disease burden by transportation noise. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102995. [PMID: 38142584 PMCID: PMC10788624 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transportation noise is a ubiquitous urban exposure. In 2018, the World Health Organization concluded that chronic exposure to road traffic noise is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease. In contrast, they concluded that the quality of evidence for a link to other diseases was very low to moderate. Since then, several studies on the impact of noise on various diseases have been published. Also, studies investigating the mechanistic pathways underlying noise-induced health effects are emerging. We review the current evidence regarding effects of noise on health and the related disease-mechanisms. Several high-quality cohort studies consistently found road traffic noise to be associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that road traffic and railway noise may increase the risk of diseases not commonly investigated in an environmental noise context, including breast cancer, dementia, and tinnitus. The harmful effects of noise are related to activation of a physiological stress response and nighttime sleep disturbance. Oxidative stress and inflammation downstream of stress hormone signaling and dysregulated circadian rhythms are identified as major disease-relevant pathomechanistic drivers. We discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and present results from antioxidant interventions. Lastly, we provide an overview of oxidative stress markers and adverse redox processes reported for noise-exposed animals and humans. This position paper summarizes all available epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical evidence of transportation noise as an important environmental risk factor for public health and discusses its implications on the population level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark.
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Daniel Thacher
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timo Lanki
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland; School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Benedikt Wicki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- Work, Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hvass Schmidt
- Research Unit for ORL - Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Gunn Marit Aasvang
- Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Sastre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site RheinMain, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Helmut Sies
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roscoe C, Grady ST, Hart JE, Iyer HS, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Laden F, James P. Association between Noise and Cardiovascular Disease in a Nationwide U.S. Prospective Cohort Study of Women Followed from 1988 to 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:127005. [PMID: 38048103 PMCID: PMC10695265 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term noise exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, longitudinal cohort studies in the U.S. of long-term noise and CVD are almost exclusively from Europe and few modeled nighttime noise, when an individual is likely at home or asleep, separately from daytime noise. We aimed to examine the prospective association of outdoor long-term nighttime and daytime noise from anthropogenic sources with incident CVD using a U.S.-based, nationwide cohort of women. METHODS We linked L 50 nighttime and L 50 daytime anthropogenic modeled noise estimates from a U.S. National Parks Service model (L 50 : sound pressure levels exceeded 50 percent of the time) to geocoded residential addresses of 114,116 participants in the Nurses' Health Study. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke associated with long-term average (14-y measurement period) noise exposure, adjusted for potential individual- and area-level confounders and CVD risk factors (1988-2018; biennial residential address updates; monthly CVD updates). We assessed effect modification by population density, region, air pollution, vegetation cover, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, and explored mediation by self-reported average nightly sleep duration. RESULTS Over 2,548,927 person-years, there were 10,331 incident CVD events. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratios for each interquartile range increase in L 50 nighttime noise (3.67 dBA) and L 50 daytime noise (4.35 dBA), respectively, were 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.06) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). Associations for total energy-equivalent noise level (L eq ) measures were stronger than for the anthropogenic statistical L 50 noise measures. Similar associations were observed for CHD and stroke. Interaction analyses suggested that associations of L 50 nighttime and L 50 daytime noise with CVD did not differ by prespecified effect modifiers. We found no evidence that inadequate sleep (< 5 h/night) mediated associations of L 50 nighttime noise and CVD. DISCUSSION Outdoor L 50 anthropogenic nighttime and daytime noise at the residential address was associated with a small increase in CVD risk in a cohort of adult female nurses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12906.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Roscoe
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana Faber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephanie T. Grady
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hari S. Iyer
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Rexrode
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roscoe C, T Grady S, Hart JE, Iyer HS, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Laden F, James P. Exposure to Noise and Cardiovascular Disease in a Nationwide US Prospective Cohort Study of Women. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.07.23291083. [PMID: 37398490 PMCID: PMC10312856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.23291083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Long-term noise exposure is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including acute cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. However, longitudinal cohort studies of long-term noise and CVD are almost exclusively from Europe, and few modelled nighttime and daytime noise separately. We aimed to examine the prospective association of outdoor long-term nighttime and daytime noise from anthropogenic sources with incident CVD using a US-based, nationwide cohort of women. Methods: We linked L50 (median) nighttime and L50 daytime modelled anthropogenic noise estimates from a US National Park Service model to geocoded residential addresses of 114,116 participants in the Nurses' Health Study. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to estimate risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke associated with long-term average noise exposure, adjusted for potential individual- and area-level confounders and CVD risk factors (1988-2018). We assessed effect modification by population density, region, air pollution, vegetation cover, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, and explored mediation by self-reported average nightly sleep duration. Results: Over 2,544,035 person-years, there were 10,331 incident CVD events. In fully-adjusted models, the hazard ratios for each interquartile range increase in L50 nighttime noise (3.67 dBA) and L50 daytime noise (4.35 dBA), respectively, were 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06) and 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.07). Similar associations were observed for CHD and stroke. Stratified analyses suggested that associations of nighttime and daytime noise with CVD did not differ by prespecified effect modifiers. We found no evidence that inadequate sleep (< 5 hours per night) mediated associations of noise and CVD. Discussion: Outdoor median nighttime and daytime noise at the residential address was associated with a small increase in CVD risk in a cohort of adult female nurses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kilbo Edlund K, Sallsten G, Molnár P, Andersson EM, Ögren M, Segersson D, Fagman E, Fagerberg B, Barregard L, Bergström G, Stockfelt L. Long-term exposure to air pollution, coronary artery calcification, and carotid artery plaques in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS Gothenburg cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113926. [PMID: 35868579 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events. A main suggested mechanism is that air pollution accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis, yet current evidence is inconsistent regarding the association between air pollution and coronary artery and carotid artery atherosclerosis, which are well-established causes of myocardial infarction and stroke. We studied associations between low levels of long-term air pollution, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, and the prevalence and area of carotid artery plaques, in a middle-aged population-based cohort. The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) Gothenburg cohort was recruited during 2013-2017 and thoroughly examined for cardiovascular risk factors, including computed tomography of the heart and ultrasonography of the carotid arteries. In 5070 participants (age 50-64 years), yearly residential exposures to air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, PMcoarse, NOx, and exhaust-specific PM2.5 1990-2015) were estimated using high-resolution dispersion models. We used Poisson regression to examine associations between long-term (26 years' mean) exposure to air pollutants and CAC score, and prevalence of carotid artery plaques, adjusted for potential confounders. Among participants with carotid artery plaques, we also examined the association with plaque area using linear regression. Mean exposure to PM2.5 was low by international standards (8.5 μg/m3). There were no consistent associations between long-term total PM2.5 exposure and CAC score or presence of carotid artery plaques, but an association between total PM2.5 and larger plaque area in participants with carotid plaques. Associations with traffic-related air pollutants were consistently positive for both a high CAC score and bilateral carotid artery plaques. These associations were independent of road traffic noise. We found stronger associations among men and participants with cardiovascular risk factors. The results lend some support to atherosclerosis as a main modifiable pathway between low levels of traffic-related ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease, especially in vulnerable individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kilbo Edlund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gerd Sallsten
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnár
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eva M Andersson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Ögren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - David Segersson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Erika Fagman
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bosch A, Kannenkeril D, Jung S, Striepe K, Karg MV, Ott C, Schmieder RE. The influence of aircraft noise exposure on the systemic and renal haemodynamics. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:116-124. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Epidemiological studies found a link between aircraft noise exposure and increased incidence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Clinical studies have shown that mental stress affects the systemic and renal haemodynamic, but no such study was performed with noise exposure as stress factor. We analysed systemic and renal effects of 25 min standardized aircraft noise in a sham controlled clinical study including 80 healthy men and 34 male patients with hypertension.
Methods and results
Systemic haemodynamic parameters were measured using electrocardiography and impedance cardiography. The renal haemodynamic was assessed using steady state input clearance with infusion of para-aminohippuric acid and inulin for glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, respectively. In the systemic circulation of hypertensive patients, there was an increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR) (1420 ± 387 vs. 1640 ± 516 dyn·s·cm−5, P = 0.001) and a decrease in cardiac index (CI) (2.9 ± 0.8 vs. 2.6 ± 0.8 L/(min·m2, P < 0.001) 25 min after the start of noise exposure, which was not present during sham procedure (P = 0.10, P = 0.86). In healthy individuals a procedure induced increase in TPR and decrease in CI was present after noise (TPR: 995 ± 239 vs. 1106 ± 308 dyn·s·cm−5, P = 0.001, CI: 3.6 ± 0.7 vs. 3.3 ± 0.9 L/(min·m2, P < 0.001) and sham application (TPR: P = 0.002, CI: P < 0.001). However, in healthy individuals changes in TPR (P = 0.450) and CI (P = 0.605) from baseline until 25 min after the start of the intervention did not differ between noise and sham exposure. In the renal circulation of hypertensive patients and healthy individuals the response did not differ between noise and sham procedure.
Conclusions
In hypertensive but not healthy men we observed a systemic vasoconstrictive response after aircraft noise exposure accompanied by a decrease in CI. No significant changes were observed in the renal circulation. Our results suggest that male hypertensive patients are more susceptible for noise-induced changes of vascular resistance in the systemic circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Striepe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marina V Karg
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Paracelsus Medical School, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:545-563. [PMID: 34821115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Münzel T, Hahad O, Sørensen M, Lelieveld J, Duerr GD, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Daiber A. Environmental risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2880-2902. [PMID: 34609502 PMCID: PMC9648835 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are fatal for more than 38 million people each year and are thus the main contributors to the global burden of disease accounting for 70% of mortality. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease. The risk of NCDs is strongly associated with exposure to environmental stressors such as pollutants in the air, noise exposure, artificial light at night and climate change, including heat extremes, desert storms and wildfires. In addition to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and genetic predisposition, there is a growing body of evidence showing that physicochemical factors in the environment contribute significantly to the high NCD numbers. Furthermore, urbanization is associated with accumulation and intensification of these stressors. This comprehensive expert review will summarize the epidemiology and pathophysiology of environmental stressors with a focus on cardiovascular NCDs. We will also discuss solutions and mitigation measures to lower the impact of environmental risk factors with focus on cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that transportation noise increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with high-quality evidence for ischaemic heart disease. According to the WHO, ≥1.6 million healthy life-years are lost annually from traffic-related noise in Western Europe. Traffic noise at night causes fragmentation and shortening of sleep, elevation of stress hormone levels, and increased oxidative stress in the vasculature and the brain. These factors can promote vascular dysfunction, inflammation and hypertension, thereby elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we focus on the indirect, non-auditory cardiovascular health effects of transportation noise. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological research on the effects of transportation noise on cardiovascular risk factors and disease, discuss the mechanistic insights from the latest clinical and experimental studies, and propose new risk markers to address noise-induced cardiovascular effects in the general population. We also explain, in detail, the potential effects of noise on alterations of gene networks, epigenetic pathways, gut microbiota, circadian rhythm, signal transduction along the neuronal-cardiovascular axis, oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism. Lastly, we describe current and future noise-mitigation strategies and evaluate the status of the existing evidence on noise as a cardiovascular risk factor.
Collapse
|
12
|
Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incident myocardial infarction: A Danish Nurse Cohort study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e148. [PMID: 33912785 PMCID: PMC8078417 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of nonauditory health effects of road traffic noise exposure is growing. This prospective cohort study aimed to estimate the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise above a threshold and incident myocardial infarction (MI) in Denmark. Methods In the Danish Nurse Cohort study, we used data of 22,378 women, at recruitment in 1993 and 1999, who reported information on MI risk factors. The participants' first hospital contact or out-of-hospital death due to MI were followed-up until 2014. We investigated a relationship between residential exposures to road traffic noise levels (Lden) up to 23 years and incident MI (overall, nonfatal, and fatal) using time-varying Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders and air pollutants. We estimated thresholds of road traffic noise (53, 56, and 58 dB) associated with incident MI in a piece-wise linear regression model. Results Of the 22,378 participants, 633 developed MI, 502 of which were nonfatal. We observed a non-linear relationship between the 23-year running mean of Lden and incident MI with a threshold level of 56 dB, above which hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.30 (0.97, 1.75) for overall and 1.46 (1.05, 2.03) for nonfatal MI per 10 dB. The association with nonfatal MI attenuated slightly to 1.34 (0.95, 1.90) after adjustment for fine particles. Conclusions We found that long-term exposure to road traffic noise above 56 dB may increase the risk of MI. The study findings suggest that road traffic noise above 56 dB may need regulation in addition to the regulation of ambient pollutants.
Collapse
|
13
|
Versaci F, Gaspardone A, Danesi A, Ferranti F, Mancone M, Mariano E, Rotolo FL, Musto C, Proietti I, Berni A, Trani C, Sergi SC, Speciale G, Tanzilli G, Tomai F, Di Giosa A, Marchegiani G, Romagnoli E, Cavarretta E, Carnevale R, Frati G, Biondi-Zoccai G. Interplay between COVID-19, pollution, and weather features on changes in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes in early 2020. Int J Cardiol 2020; 329:251-259. [PMID: 33387558 PMCID: PMC7833791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented change in the apparent epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, the interplay between this disease, changes in pollution, climate, and aversion to activation of emergency medical services represents a challenging conundrum. We aimed at appraising the impact of COVID-19, weather, and environment features on the occurrence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in a large Italian region and metropolitan area. Methods and results Italy was hit early on by COVID-19, such that state of emergency was declared on January 31, 2020, and national lockdown implemented on March 9, 2020, mainly because the accrual of cases in Northern Italy. In order to appraise the independent contribution on changes in STEMI and NSTEMI daily rates of COVID-19, climate and pollution, we collected data on these clinical events from tertiary care cardiovascular centers in the Lazio region and Rome metropolitan area. Multilevel Poisson modeling was used to appraise unadjusted and adjusted effect estimates for the daily incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI cases. The sample included 1448 STEMI and 2040 NSTEMI, with a total of 2882 PCI spanning 6 months. Significant reductions in STEMI and NSTEMI were evident already in early February 2020 (all p<0.05), concomitantly with COVID-19 spread and institution of national countermeasures. Changes in STEMI and NSTEMI were inversely associated with daily COVID-19 tests, cases, and/or death (p<0.05). In addition, STEMI and NSTEMI incidences were associated with daily NO2, PM10, and O3 concentrations, as well as temperature (p<0.05). Multi-stage and multiply adjusted models highlighted that reductions in STEMI were significantly associated with COVID-19 data (p<0.001), whereas changes in NSTEMI were significantly associated with both NO2 and COVID-19 data (both p<0.001). Conclusions Reductions in STEMI and NSTEMI in the COVID-19 pandemic may depend on different concomitant epidemiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms. In particular, recent changes in STEMI may depend on COVID-19 scare, leading to excess all-cause mortality, or effective reduced incidence, whereas reductions in NSTEMI may also be due to beneficial reductions in NO2 emissions in the lockdown phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versaci
- UOC UTIC, Emodinamica e Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Ferranti
- Division of Cardiology, G. B. Grassi Hospital, Lido di Ostia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco L Rotolo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Musto
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Igino Proietti
- Division of Cardiology, M. G. Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Berni
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Trani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Romagnoli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hennig F, Geisel MH, Kälsch H, Lucht S, Mahabadi AA, Moebus S, Erbel R, Lehmann N, Jöckel KH, Scherag A, Hoffmann B. Air Pollution and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Different Vessel Beds-Results from a Prospective Cohort Study in the Ruhr Area, Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107003. [PMID: 33017176 PMCID: PMC7535085 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to inconsistent epidemiological evidence on health effects of air pollution on progression of atherosclerosis, we investigated several air pollutants and their effects on progression of atherosclerosis, using carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), coronary calcification (CAC), and thoracic aortic calcification (TAC). METHODS We used baseline (2000-2003) and 5-y follow-up (2006-2008) data from the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study, including 4,814 middle-aged adults. Residence-based long-term air pollution exposure, including particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed using chemistry transport and land use regression (LUR) models. cIMT was quantified as side-specific median IMT assessed from standardized ultrasound images. CAC and TAC were quantified by computed tomography using the Agatston score. Development (yes/no) and progression of atherosclerosis (change in cIMT and annual growth rate for CAC/TAC) were analyzed with logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, lifestyle variables, socioeconomic status, and traffic noise. RESULTS While no clear associations were observed in the full study sample (mean age 59.1 (±7.6) y; 53% female), most air pollutants were marginally associated with progression of atherosclerosis in participants with no or low baseline atherosclerotic burden. Most consistently for CAC, e.g., a 1.5 μg/m3 higher exposure to PM2.5 (LUR) yielded an estimated odds ratio of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.39] for progression of CAC and an increased annual growth rate of 2% (95% CI: 1%, 4%). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis is associated with long-term air pollution in middle-aged participants with no or minor atherosclerotic burden at baseline, while overall no consistent associations are observed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7077.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Hennig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marie Henrike Geisel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hagen Kälsch
- Department of Cardiology, Alfried Krupp Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Sarah Lucht
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir Abbas Mahabadi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Center of Urban Epidemiology (Cue), Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Raimund Erbel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - André Scherag
- Research Group Clinical Epidemiology, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|